2002-09-29 23:42:38 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
|
2002-08-13 22:45:21 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<html>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<head>
|
2002-09-29 23:42:38 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 5.0">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
|
|
|
|
|
|
content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<title>Starting and Stopping Shorewall</title>
|
2002-08-13 22:45:21 +02:00
|
|
|
|
</head>
|
2003-10-07 00:38:40 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<body>
|
2003-12-03 00:51:46 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<div style="text-align: center;">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h1>Starting/Stopping and Monitoring the Firewall<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</h1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p><br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
If you have a permanent internet connection such as DSL or Cable, I
|
2003-10-07 00:38:40 +02:00
|
|
|
|
recommend that you start the firewall automatically at boot. Once you
|
|
|
|
|
|
have installed "firewall" in your init.d directory, simply type
|
|
|
|
|
|
"chkconfig --add firewall". This will start the firewall in run levels
|
|
|
|
|
|
2-5 and stop it in run levels 1 and 6. If you want to configure your
|
|
|
|
|
|
firewall differently from this default, you can
|
|
|
|
|
|
use the "--level" option in chkconfig (see "man chkconfig") or using
|
|
|
|
|
|
your favorite graphical run-level editor.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p><strong><u> <font color="#000099"> Important Notes:</font></u></strong><br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
2002-09-29 23:42:38 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<ol>
|
2003-10-07 00:38:40 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<li>Shorewall startup is disabled by default. Once you have
|
|
|
|
|
|
configured your firewall, you can enable startup by removing the
|
|
|
|
|
|
file /etc/shorewall/startup_disabled. Note: Users of the .deb package
|
|
|
|
|
|
must edit /etc/default/shorewall and set 'startup=1'.<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>If you use dialup, you may want to start the firewall in your
|
|
|
|
|
|
/etc/ppp/ip-up.local script. I recommend just placing "shorewall
|
|
|
|
|
|
restart" in that script.</li>
|
2002-09-29 23:42:38 +02:00
|
|
|
|
</ol>
|
2003-10-07 00:38:40 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<p> </p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p> You can manually start and stop Shoreline Firewall using the
|
|
|
|
|
|
"shorewall" shell program. Please refer to the <a
|
2003-12-03 00:51:46 +01:00
|
|
|
|
href="starting_and_stopping_shorewall.htm#StateDiagram">Shorewall
|
2003-10-07 00:38:40 +02:00
|
|
|
|
State Diagram</a> is shown at the bottom of this page. </p>
|
2002-09-29 23:42:38 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
2003-10-07 00:38:40 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<li>shorewall start - starts the firewall</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>shorewall stop - stops the firewall; the only traffic permitted
|
|
|
|
|
|
through the firewall is from systems listed in
|
|
|
|
|
|
/etc/shorewall/routestopped
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Beginning with version 1.4.7, if ADMINISABSENTMINDED=Yes in
|
|
|
|
|
|
/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf
|
|
|
|
|
|
then in addition, all existing connections are permitted and any new
|
|
|
|
|
|
connections
|
2003-08-09 19:14:58 +02:00
|
|
|
|
originating from the firewall itself are allowed).</li>
|
2003-10-07 00:38:40 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<li>shorewall restart - stops the firewall (if it's running) and then
|
|
|
|
|
|
starts it again</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>shorewall reset - reset the packet and byte counters in the
|
|
|
|
|
|
firewall</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>shorewall clear - remove all rules and chains installed by
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shoreline Firewall. The firewall is "wide open"</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>shorewall refresh - refresh the rules involving
|
|
|
|
|
|
the broadcast addresses of firewall interfaces, <a
|
2003-02-25 20:24:41 +01:00
|
|
|
|
href="blacklisting_support.htm">the black list</a>, <a
|
|
|
|
|
|
href="traffic_shaping.htm">traffic control rules</a> and <a
|
|
|
|
|
|
href="ECN.html">ECN control rules</a>.</li>
|
2002-09-29 23:42:38 +02:00
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
2003-10-07 00:38:40 +02:00
|
|
|
|
If you include the keyword <i>debug</i> as the first argument, then a
|
|
|
|
|
|
shell trace of the command is produced as in:<br>
|
2003-01-14 18:18:42 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<pre> <font color="#009900"><b>shorewall debug start 2> /tmp/trace</b></font><br></pre>
|
2003-10-07 00:38:40 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<p>The above command would trace the 'start' command and place the
|
|
|
|
|
|
trace information
|
2003-08-09 19:14:58 +02:00
|
|
|
|
in the file /tmp/trace<br>
|
2003-10-07 00:38:40 +02:00
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>Beginning with version 1.4.7, shorewall can give detailed help about
|
|
|
|
|
|
each of its commands:<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
2003-08-09 19:14:58 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
2003-10-07 00:38:40 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<li>shorewall help [ <i>command</i> | host | address ]<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
2003-08-09 19:14:58 +02:00
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
2003-10-07 00:38:40 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<p>The "shorewall" program may also be used to monitor the firewall.</p>
|
2002-09-29 23:42:38 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
2003-10-07 00:38:40 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<li>shorewall status - produce a verbose report about the firewall
|
|
|
|
|
|
(iptables -L -n -v)</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>shorewall show <i>chain</i>1 [ <span style="font-style: italic;">chain2
|
|
|
|
|
|
... </span>] - produce a verbose
|
|
|
|
|
|
report about the listed <i>chains </i>(iptables -L <i>chain</i>
|
|
|
|
|
|
-n -v) <span style="font-weight: bold;">Note: </span>You may only
|
|
|
|
|
|
list one chain in the <span style="font-weight: bold;">show</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
command when running Shorewall version 1.4.6 and earlier. Version
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.4.7 and later allow you to list multiple chains in one command.<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>shorewall show nat - produce a verbose report about the nat table
|
|
|
|
|
|
(iptables -t nat -L -n -v)</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>shorewall show tos - produce a verbose report about the mangle
|
|
|
|
|
|
table (iptables -t mangle -L -n -v)</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>shorewall show log - display the last 20 packet
|
|
|
|
|
|
log entries.</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>shorewall show connections - displays the IP connections
|
|
|
|
|
|
currently being tracked by the firewall.</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>shorewall show tc - displays information about the traffic
|
|
|
|
|
|
control/shaping configuration.</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>shorewall monitor [ delay ] - Continuously display the firewall
|
|
|
|
|
|
status, last 20 log entries and nat. When the log entry display
|
|
|
|
|
|
changes, an audible alarm is sounded.</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>shorewall hits - Produces several reports about
|
|
|
|
|
|
the Shorewall packet log messages in the current /var/log/messages file.</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>shorewall version - Displays the installed version number.</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>shorewall check - Performs a <u>cursory</u> validation of the
|
|
|
|
|
|
zones, interfaces, hosts, rules and policy files.<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<font size="4" color="#ff6666"><b>The "check" command is totally
|
|
|
|
|
|
unsuppored and does not parse and validate the generated iptables
|
|
|
|
|
|
commands. Even though the "check" command completes successfully,
|
|
|
|
|
|
the configuration may fail to start. Problem reports that complain
|
|
|
|
|
|
about
|
|
|
|
|
|
errors that the 'check' command does not detect will not be accepted.<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
See the recommended way to make configuration changes described below.</b></font><br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>shorewall try<i> configuration-directory</i> [<i> timeout</i> ] -
|
|
|
|
|
|
Restart shorewall using the specified configuration and if an error
|
|
|
|
|
|
occurs or if the<i> timeout </i> option is given
|
|
|
|
|
|
and the new configuration has been up for that many seconds then
|
|
|
|
|
|
shorewall is restarted using the standard configuration.</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>shorewall logwatch (added in version 1.3.2) - Monitors the <a
|
|
|
|
|
|
href="#Conf">LOGFILE </a>and produces an audible alarm when new
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shorewall messages are logged.</li>
|
2002-09-29 23:42:38 +02:00
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
2003-10-07 00:38:40 +02:00
|
|
|
|
Beginning with Shorewall 1.4.6, /sbin/shorewall supports a couple of
|
|
|
|
|
|
commands for dealing with IP addresses and IP address ranges:<br>
|
2003-08-09 19:14:58 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
2003-10-07 00:38:40 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<li>shorewall ipcalc [ <i>address mask </i>| <i>address/vlsm</i> ]
|
|
|
|
|
|
- displays the network address, broadcast address, network in CIDR
|
|
|
|
|
|
notation and netmask corresponding to the input[s].</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>shorewall iprange <i>address1-address2</i> - Decomposes the
|
|
|
|
|
|
specified range of IP addresses into the equivalent list of
|
|
|
|
|
|
network/host addresses. <br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
2003-08-09 19:14:58 +02:00
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
2003-10-07 00:38:40 +02:00
|
|
|
|
There is a set of commands dealing with <a
|
2003-08-09 19:14:58 +02:00
|
|
|
|
href="blacklisting_support.htm">dynamic blacklisting</a>:<br>
|
2002-11-09 19:06:34 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
2003-10-07 00:38:40 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<li>shorewall drop <i><ip address list> </i>- causes packets
|
|
|
|
|
|
from the listed IP addresses to be silently dropped by the firewall.</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>shorewall reject <i><ip address list> </i>- causes
|
|
|
|
|
|
packets from the listed IP addresses to be rejected by the firewall.</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>shorewall allow <i><ip address list> </i>- re-enables
|
|
|
|
|
|
receipt of packets from hosts previously blacklisted by a <i>drop</i>
|
|
|
|
|
|
or <i>reject</i> command.</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>shorewall save - save the dynamic blacklisting configuration so
|
|
|
|
|
|
that it will be automatically restored the next time that the firewall
|
|
|
|
|
|
is restarted.</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>show dynamic - displays the dynamic blacklisting chain.<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
2002-11-09 19:06:34 +01:00
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
2003-10-07 00:38:40 +02:00
|
|
|
|
Finally, the "shorewall" program may be used to dynamically alter the
|
|
|
|
|
|
contents of a zone.<br>
|
2003-07-07 16:18:52 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
2003-10-07 00:38:40 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<li>shorewall add <i>interface</i>[:<i>host]</i> <i>zone </i>-
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adds the specified interface (and host if included) to the specified
|
|
|
|
|
|
zone.</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>shorewall delete <i>interface</i>[:<i>host]</i> <i>zone </i>-
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deletes the specified interface (and host if included) from the
|
|
|
|
|
|
specified zone.</li>
|
2003-07-07 16:18:52 +02:00
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
2003-07-16 20:59:33 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>Examples:<br>
|
2003-10-07 00:38:40 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<blockquote><font color="#009900"><b>shorewall add ipsec0:192.0.2.24
|
|
|
|
|
|
vpn1</b></font> -- adds the address 192.0.2.24 from interface ipsec0 to
|
|
|
|
|
|
the zone vpn1<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<font color="#009900"><b> shorewall delete ipsec0:192.0.2.24 vpn1</b></font>
|
|
|
|
|
|
-- deletes the address 192.0.2.24 from interface ipsec0 from zone vpn1<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p> The <b>shorewall start</b>, <b>shorewall restart, shorewall
|
|
|
|
|
|
check, </b>and <b>shorewall try </b>commands allow you to specify
|
|
|
|
|
|
which <a href="configuration_file_basics.htm#Configs"> Shorewall
|
|
|
|
|
|
configuration</a> to use:</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p> shorewall [ -c <i>configuration-directory</i> ]
|
|
|
|
|
|
{start|restart|check}<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
shorewall try <i>configuration-directory</i></p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p> If a <i>configuration-directory</i> is specified, each time that
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shorewall is going to use a file in /etc/shorewall it will first look
|
|
|
|
|
|
in the <i>configuration-directory</i> . If the file is present in the <i>configuration-directory</i>,
|
|
|
|
|
|
that file will be used; otherwise, the file in /etc/shorewall will be
|
|
|
|
|
|
used.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p> When changing the configuration of a production firewall, I
|
|
|
|
|
|
recommend the following:</p>
|
2002-09-29 23:42:38 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
2003-10-07 00:38:40 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<li><font color="#009900"><b>mkdir /etc/test</b></font></li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li><font color="#009900"><b>cd /etc/test</b></font></li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li><copy any files that you need to change from /etc/shorewall to
|
|
|
|
|
|
. and change them here></li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li><font color="#009900"><b>shorewall -c . check</b></font></li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li><correct any errors found by check and check again></li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li><font color="#009900"><b>/sbin/shorewall try .</b></font></li>
|
2002-08-13 22:45:21 +02:00
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
2003-10-07 00:38:40 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<p> If the configuration starts but doesn't work, just "shorewall
|
|
|
|
|
|
restart" to restore the old configuration. If the new configuration
|
|
|
|
|
|
fails to start, the "try" command will automatically start the old one
|
|
|
|
|
|
for you.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p> When the new configuration works then just </p>
|
2002-09-29 23:42:38 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
2003-10-07 00:38:40 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<li><font color="#009900"><b>cp * /etc/shorewall</b></font></li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li><font color="#009900"><b>cd</b></font></li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li><font color="#009900"><b>rm -rf /etc/test</b></font></li>
|
2002-08-13 22:45:21 +02:00
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
2003-10-07 00:38:40 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<p><a name="StateDiagram"></a>The Shorewall State Diargram is depicted
|
|
|
|
|
|
below.<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
2003-02-20 00:21:55 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<div align="center"><img src="images/State_Diagram.png"
|
2003-10-07 00:38:40 +02:00
|
|
|
|
alt="(State Diagram)" width="747" height="714" align="middle"> <br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p> <br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
You will note that the commands that result in state transitions use
|
|
|
|
|
|
the word "firewall" rather than "shorewall". That is because the actual
|
|
|
|
|
|
transitions are done by /usr/share/shorewall/firewall; /sbin/shorewall
|
|
|
|
|
|
runs 'firewall" according to the following table:<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
2003-07-16 20:59:33 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" border="1">
|
2003-10-07 00:38:40 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top"><u><b>/sbin/shorewall Command</b><br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top"><u><b>Resulting /usr/share/shorewall/firewall
|
|
|
|
|
|
Command</b><br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top"><u><b>Effect if the Command Succeeds</b><br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top">shorewall start<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top">firewall start<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top">The system filters packets based on your current
|
2003-08-09 19:14:58 +02:00
|
|
|
|
Shorewall Configuration<br>
|
2003-10-07 00:38:40 +02:00
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top">shorewall stop<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top">firewall stop<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top">Only traffic to/from hosts listed in
|
|
|
|
|
|
/etc/shorewall/hosts is passed to/from/through the firewall. For
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shorewall versions beginning
|
|
|
|
|
|
with 1.4.7, if ADMINISABSENTMINDED=Yes in /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf
|
|
|
|
|
|
then
|
|
|
|
|
|
in addition, all existing connections are retained and all connection
|
|
|
|
|
|
requests
|
2003-08-09 19:14:58 +02:00
|
|
|
|
from the firewall are accepted.<br>
|
2003-10-07 00:38:40 +02:00
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top">shorewall restart<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top">firewall restart<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top">Logically equivalent to "firewall stop;firewall
|
2003-08-09 19:14:58 +02:00
|
|
|
|
start"<br>
|
2003-10-07 00:38:40 +02:00
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top">shorewall add<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top">firewall add<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top">Adds a host or subnet to a dynamic zone<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top">shorewall delete<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top">firewall delete<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top">Deletes a host or subnet from a dynamic zone<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top">shorewall refresh<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top">firewall refresh<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top">Reloads rules dealing with static blacklisting,
|
|
|
|
|
|
traffic control and ECN.<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top">shorewall clear<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top">firewall clear<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top">Removes all Shorewall rules, chains, addresses,
|
|
|
|
|
|
routes and ARP entries.<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top">shorewall try<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top">firewall -c <new configuration> restart<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
If unsuccessful then firewall start (standard configuration)<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
If timeout then firewall restart (standard configuration)<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top"><br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tbody>
|
2003-01-31 22:50:51 +01:00
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
2003-10-07 00:38:40 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p><font size="2"> Updated 8/25/2003 - <a href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</font></p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p><font face="Trebuchet MS"><a href="copyright.htm"><font size="2">Copyright</font>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<EFBFBD> <font size="2">2001, 2002, 2003 Thomas M. Eastep.</font></a></font><br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
2002-09-29 23:42:38 +02:00
|
|
|
|
</body>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</html>
|
