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<title>Corporate Shorewall Configuration</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
<meta content="Microsoft FrontPage 5.0" name="GENERATOR">
<meta content="FrontPage.Editor.Document" name="ProgId">
<meta content="none" name="Microsoft Theme">
<meta content="Graeme Boyle" name="author">
</head>
<body>
<script><!--
function PrivoxyWindowOpen(){return(null);}
//--></script>
//--></script>
<table id="AutoNumber1" style="border-collapse: collapse;" height="90"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" bgcolor="#3366ff"
border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="100%">
<h1 align="center"><font color="#ffffff">Multiple IPs with DMZ and
Internal Servers</font></h1>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="100%">
<h1 align="center"><font color="#ffffff">Multiple IPs with DMZ and Internal
Servers</font></h1>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<blockquote></blockquote>
<h1>Corporate Network</h1>
<p><font color="#ff0000" size="4"><b>Notes</b></font><big><font
color="#ff0000"><b>:</b></font></big></p>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li><b>This configuration is used on a corporate network that has a
Linux (RedHat 8.0) server with three interfaces, running Shorewall 1.4.5
<li><b>This configuration is used on a corporate network that has a
Linux (RedHat 8.0) server with three interfaces, running Shorewall 1.4.5
release,</b> </li>
<li><b>Make sure you know what public IP addresses are currently being
<li><b>Make sure you know what public IP addresses are currently being
used and verify these </b><i>before</i><b> starting.</b> </li>
<li><b>Verify your DNS settings </b><i>before</i><b> starting any Shorewall
<li><b>Verify your DNS settings </b><i>before</i><b> starting any Shorewall
configuration especially if you have split DNS.</b> </li>
<li><b>System names and Internet IP addresses have been changed to protect
<li><b>System names and Internet IP addresses have been changed to protect
the innocent.</b> </li>
</ul>
<p><big><font color="#ff0000"><b>Warning: </b></font><b><small>This
configuration uses a combination of Static NAT and Proxy ARP. This is
generally not relevant to a simple configuration with a single public IP
address.</small></b></big><big><b><small> If you have just a single public
IP address, most of what you see here won't apply to your setup so beware
of copying parts of this configuration and expecting them to work for
you. What you copy may or may not work in your configuration.<br>
</small></b></big><br>
</p>
<p>I have a T1 with 64 static IP addresses (192.0.18.65-127/26). The
internet is connected to eth0. The local network is connected via eth1
(10.10.0.0/22) and the DMZ is connected to eth2 (192.168.21.0/24). I have
an IPSec tunnel connecting our offices in Germany to our offices in the
US. I host two Microsoft Exchange servers for two different companies
behind the firewall hence, the two Exchange servers in the diagram below.</p>
<p><big><font color="#ff0000"><b>Warning: </b></font><b><small>This configuration
uses a combination of Static NAT and Proxy ARP. This is generally not
relevant to a simple configuration with a single public IP address.</small></b></big><big><b><small>
If you have just a single public IP address, most of what you see here
won't apply to your setup so beware of copying parts of this configuration
and expecting them to work for you. What you copy may or may not work
in your configuration.<br>
</small></b></big><br>
</p>
<p>I have a T1 with 64 static IP addresses (192.0.18.65-127/26). The
internet is connected to eth0. The local network is connected via eth1
(10.10.0.0/22) and the DMZ is connected to eth2 (192.168.21.0/24). I have
an IPSec tunnel connecting our offices in Germany to our offices in the
US. I host two Microsoft Exchange servers for two different companies behind
the firewall hence, the two Exchange servers in the diagram below.</p>
<p>Summary:<br>
</p>
</p>
<ul>
<li>SNAT for all systems connected to the LAN - Internal addresses 10.10.x.x
to external address 192.0.18.127. </li>
<li>Static NAT for <i>Polaris</i> (Exchange Server #2). Internal address
<li>SNAT for all systems connected to the LAN - Internal addresses
10.10.x.x to external address 192.0.18.127. </li>
<li>Static NAT for <i>Polaris</i> (Exchange Server #2). Internal address
10.10.1.8 and external address 192.0.18.70. </li>
<li>Static NAT for <i>Sims</i> (Inventory Management server). Internal
<li>Static NAT for <i>Sims</i> (Inventory Management server). Internal
address 10.10.1.56 and external address 192.0.18.75.<br>
</li>
<li>Static NAT for <i>Project</i> (Project Web Server). Internal address
</li>
<li>Static NAT for <i>Project</i> (Project Web Server). Internal address
10.10.1.55 and external address 192.0.18.84. </li>
<li>Static NAT for <i>Fortress</i> (Exchange Server). Internal address
<li>Static NAT for <i>Fortress</i> (Exchange Server). Internal address
10.10.1.252 and external address 192.0.18.93. </li>
<li>Static NAT for <i>BBSRV</i> (Blackberry Server). Internal address
<li>Static NAT for <i>BBSRV</i> (Blackberry Server). Internal address
10.10.1.230 and external address 192.0.18.97. </li>
<li>Static NAT for <i>Intweb</i> (Intranet Web Server). Internal address
<li>Static NAT for <i>Intweb</i> (Intranet Web Server). Internal address
10.10.1.60 and external address 192.0.18.115. </li>
</ul>
<p>The firewall runs on a 2Gb, Dual PIV/2.8GHz, Intel motherboard with
RH8.0.</p>
<p>The firewall runs on a 2Gb, Dual PIV/2.8GHz, Intel motherboard with
RH8.0.</p>
<p>The Firewall is also a proxy server running Privoxy 3.0.</p>
<p>The single system in the DMZ (address 192.0.18.80) runs sendmail, imap,
pop3, DNS, a Web server (Apache) and an FTP server (vsFTPd 1.1.0). That
<p>The single system in the DMZ (address 192.0.18.80) runs sendmail, imap,
pop3, DNS, a Web server (Apache) and an FTP server (vsFTPd 1.1.0). That
server is managed through Proxy ARP.</p>
<p>All administration and publishing is done using ssh/scp. I have X installed
on the firewall and the system in the DMZ. X applications tunnel through
SSH to Hummingbird Exceed running on a PC located in the LAN. Access to
the firewall using SSH is restricted to systems in the LAN, DMZ or the
<p>All administration and publishing is done using ssh/scp. I have X installed
on the firewall and the system in the DMZ. X applications tunnel through
SSH to Hummingbird Exceed running on a PC located in the LAN. Access to
the firewall using SSH is restricted to systems in the LAN, DMZ or the
system Kaos which is on the Internet and managed by me.</p>
<p align="center"><img height="1000" alt="(Corporate Network Diagram)"
src="images/CorpNetwork.gif" width="770" border="0">
</p>
</p>
<p></p>
<p>The Ethernet 0 interface in the Server is configured with IP address
192.0.18.68, netmask 255.255.255.192. The server's default gateway is
192.0.18.65, the Router connected to my network and the ISP. This is the
same default gateway used by the firewall itself. On the firewall, Shorewall
automatically adds a host route to 192.0.18.80 through Ethernet 2 (192.168.21.1)
because of the entry in /etc/shorewall/proxyarp (see below). I modified
the start, stop and init scripts to include the fixes suggested when having
<p>The Ethernet 0 interface in the Server is configured with IP address
192.0.18.68, netmask 255.255.255.192. The server's default gateway is
192.0.18.65, the Router connected to my network and the ISP. This is the
same default gateway used by the firewall itself. On the firewall, Shorewall
automatically adds a host route to 192.0.18.80 through Ethernet 2 (192.168.21.1)
because of the entry in /etc/shorewall/proxyarp (see below). I modified
the start, stop and init scripts to include the fixes suggested when having
an IPSec tunnel.</p>
<p><b>Some Mistakes I Made:</b></p>
<p>Yes, believe it or not, I made some really basic mistakes when building
this firewall. Firstly, I had the new firewall setup in parallel with
the old firewall so that there was no interruption of service to my users.
During my out-bound testing, I set up systems on the LAN to utilize the
firewall which worked fine. When testing my NAT connections, from the
outside, these would fail and I could not understand why. Eventually,
I changed the default route on the internal system I was trying to access,
to point to the new firewall and "bingo", everything worked as expected.
This oversight delayed my deployment by a couple of days not to mention
level of frustration it produced. </p>
<p>Another problem that I encountered was in setting up the Proxyarp system
in the DMZ. Initially I forgot to remove the entry for the eth2 from the
/etc/shorewall/masq file. Once my file settings were correct, I started
verifying that the ARP caches on the firewall, as well as the outside
system "kaos", were showing the correct Ethernet MAC address. However,
in testing remote access, I could access the system in the DMZ only from
the firewall and LAN but not from the Internet. The message I received
was "connection denied" on all protocols. What I did not realize was that
a "helpful" administrator that had turned on an old system and assigned
the same address as the one I was using for Proxyarp without notifying
me. How did I work this out. I shutdown the system in the DMZ, rebooted
the router and flushed the ARP cache on the firewall and kaos. Then, from
kaos, I started pinging that IP address and checked the updated ARP cache
and lo-and-behold a different MAC address showed up. High levels of frustration
etc., etc. The administrator will <i>not</i> be doing that again! :-)</p>
<p>Yes, believe it or not, I made some really basic mistakes when building
this firewall. Firstly, I had the new firewall setup in parallel with the
old firewall so that there was no interruption of service to my users.
During my out-bound testing, I set up systems on the LAN to utilize the
firewall which worked fine. When testing my NAT connections, from the outside,
these would fail and I could not understand why. Eventually, I changed
the default route on the internal system I was trying to access, to point
to the new firewall and "bingo", everything worked as expected. This oversight
delayed my deployment by a couple of days not to mention level of frustration
it produced. </p>
<p>Another problem that I encountered was in setting up the Proxyarp system
in the DMZ. Initially I forgot to remove the entry for the eth2 from the
/etc/shorewall/masq file. Once my file settings were correct, I started
verifying that the ARP caches on the firewall, as well as the outside system
"kaos", were showing the correct Ethernet MAC address. However, in testing
remote access, I could access the system in the DMZ only from the firewall
and LAN but not from the Internet. The message I received was "connection
denied" on all protocols. What I did not realize was that a "helpful"
administrator that had turned on an old system and assigned the same address
as the one I was using for Proxyarp without notifying me. How did I work
this out. I shutdown the system in the DMZ, rebooted the router and flushed
the ARP cache on the firewall and kaos. Then, from kaos, I started pinging
that IP address and checked the updated ARP cache and lo-and-behold a
different MAC address showed up. High levels of frustration etc., etc.
The administrator will <i>not</i> be doing that again! :-)</p>
<p><b>Lessons Learned:</b></p>
<ul>
<li>Read the documentation. </li>
<li>Draw your network topology before starting. </li>
<li>Understand what services you are going to allow in and out of the
firewall, whether they are TCP or UDP packets and make a note of these
<li>Read the documentation. </li>
<li>Draw your network topology before starting. </li>
<li>Understand what services you are going to allow in and out of the
firewall, whether they are TCP or UDP packets and make a note of these
port numbers. </li>
<li>Try to get quiet time to build the firewall - you need to focus on
the job at hand. </li>
<li>When asking for assistance, be honest and include as much detail
as requested. Don't try and hide IP addresses etc., you will probably
<li>Try to get quiet time to build the firewall - you need to focus
on the job at hand. </li>
<li>When asking for assistance, be honest and include as much detail
as requested. Don't try and hide IP addresses etc., you will probably
screw up the logs and make receiving assistance harder. </li>
<li>Read the documentation. </li>
<li>Read the documentation. </li>
</ul>
<p><b>Futures:</b></p>
<p>This is by no means the final configuration. In the near future, I will
be moving more systems from the LAN to the DMZ. I will also be watching
the logs for port scan programs etc. but, this should be standard security
<p>This is by no means the final configuration. In the near future, I will
be moving more systems from the LAN to the DMZ. I will also be watching
the logs for port scan programs etc. but, this should be standard security
maintenance.</p>
<p>Here are copies of my files. I have removed most of the internal documentation
for the purpose of this space however, my system still has the original
files with all the comments and I highly recommend you do the same.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Here are copies of my files. I have removed most of the internal
documentation for the purpose of this space however, my system still has
the original files with all the comments and I highly recommend you do
the same.</p>
</blockquote>
<h3>Shorewall.conf</h3>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<pre>##############################################################################<br># /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf V1.4 - Change the following variables to<br># match your setup<br>#<br># This program is under GPL [http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.htm]<br>#<br># This file should be placed in /etc/shorewall<br>#<br># (c) 1999,2000,2001,2002,2003 - Tom Eastep (teastep@shorewall.net)<br>##############################################################################<br># L O G G I N G<br>##############################################################################<br>LOGFILE=/var/log/messages<br>LOGFORMAT="Shorewall:%s:%s:"<br>LOGRATE=<br>LOGBURST=<br>LOGUNCLEAN=info<br>BLACKLIST_LOGLEVEL=<br>LOGNEWNOTSYN=<br>MACLIST_LOG_LEVEL=info<br>TCP_FLAGS_LOG_LEVEL=debug<br>RFC1918_LOG_LEVEL=debug<br>PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin<br>SUBSYSLOCK=/var/lock/subsys/shorewall<br>STATEDIR=/var/lib/shorewall<br>MODULESDIR=<br>FW=fw<br>NAT_ENABLED=Yes<br>MANGLE_ENABLED=Yes<br>IP_FORWARDING=On<br>ADD_IP_ALIASES=Yes<br>ADD_SNAT_ALIASES=Yes<br>TC_ENABLED=Yes<br>CLEAR_TC=No<br>MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN=No<br>CLAMPMSS=No<br>ROUTE_FILTER=Yes<br>NAT_BEFORE_RULES=No<br>MULTIPORT=Yes<br>DETECT_DNAT_IPADDRS=Yes<br>MUTEX_TIMEOUT=60<br>NEWNOTSYN=Yes<br>BLACKLIST_DISPOSITION=DROP<br>MACLIST_DISPOSITION=REJECT<br>TCP_FLAGS_DISPOSITION=DROP<br>#LAST LINE -- DO NOT REMOVE<br><br></pre>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<h3>Zones File</h3>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<pre><font face="Courier">#<br># Shorewall 1.4 -- Sample Zone File For Two Interfaces<br># /etc/shorewall/zones<br>#<br># This file determines your network zones. Columns are:<br>#<br># ZONE Short name of the zone<br># DISPLAY Display name of the zone<br># COMMENTS Comments about the zone<br>#<br>#ZONE DISPLAY COMMENTS<br>net Net Internet<br>loc Local Local Networks<br>dmz DMZ Demilitarized Zone<br>vpn1 VPN1 VPN to Germany<br>#LAST LINE -- ADD YOUR ENTRIES ABOVE THIS LINE -- DO NOT REMOVE</font><font
face="Courier" size="2"><br></font></pre>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<h3>Interfaces File: </h3>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>##############################################################################<br>
#ZONE INTERFACE BROADCAST OPTIONS<br>
net eth0 62.123.106.127 routefilter,norfc1918,blacklist,tcpflags<br>
loc eth1 detect dhcp,routefilter<br>
dmz eth2 detect<br>
vpn1 ipsec0<br>
#LAST LINE -- ADD YOUR ENTRIES BEFORE THIS ONE -- DO NOT REMOVE </p>
</blockquote>
#ZONE INTERFACE BROADCAST OPTIONS<br>
net eth0 62.123.106.127 routefilter,norfc1918,blacklist,tcpflags<br>
loc eth1 detect dhcp,routefilter<br>
dmz eth2 detect<br>
vpn1 ipsec0<br>
#LAST LINE -- ADD YOUR ENTRIES BEFORE THIS ONE -- DO NOT REMOVE </p>
</blockquote>
<h3>Routestopped File:</h3>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<pre><font face="Courier">#INTERFACE HOST(S)<br>eth1 -<br>eth2 -<br>#LAST LINE -- ADD YOUR ENTRIES BEFORE THIS ONE -- DO NOT REMOVE</font><font
face="Courier" size="2"> </font></pre>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<h3>Policy File:</h3>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<pre>###############################################################################<br>#SOURCE DEST POLICY LOG LEVEL LIMIT:BURST<br>loc net ACCEPT<br>loc fw ACCEPT<br>loc dmz ACCEPT<br># If you want open access to the Internet from your Firewall <br># remove the comment from the following line.<br>fw net ACCEPT<br>fw loc ACCEPT<br>fw dmz ACCEPT<br>dmz fw ACCEPT<br>dmz loc ACCEPT<br>dmz net ACCEPT<br># <br># Adding VPN Access<br>loc vpn1 ACCEPT<br>dmz vpn1 ACCEPT<br>fw vpn1 ACCEPT<br>vpn1 loc ACCEPT<br>vpn1 dmz ACCEPT<br>vpn1 fw ACCEPT<br>#<br>net all DROP info<br>all all REJECT info<br>#LAST LINE -- ADD YOUR ENTRIES ABOVE THIS LINE -- DO NOT REMOVE<br></pre>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<h3>Masq File: </h3>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<pre>#INTERFACE SUBNET ADDRESS<br>eth0 eth1 1192.0.18.126<br>#<br>#LAST LINE -- ADD YOUR ENTRIES ABOVE THIS LINE -- DO NOT REMOVE<br></pre>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<h3>NAT File: </h3>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<pre>#EXTERNAL INTERFACE INTERNAL ALL INTERFACES LOCAL<br>#<br># Intranet Web Server<br>192.0.18.115 eth0:0 10.10.1.60 No No<br>#<br># Project Web Server<br>192.0.18.84 eth0:1 10.10.1.55 No No<br>#<br># Blackberry Server<br>192.0.18.97 eth0:2 10.10.1.55 No No<br>#<br># Corporate Mail Server<br>192.0.18.93 eth0:3 10.10.1.252 No No<br>#<br># Second Corp Mail Server<br>192.0.18.70 eth0:4 10.10.1.8 No No<br>#<br># Sims Server<br>192.0.18.75 eth0:5 10.10.1.56 No No<br>#<br>#LAST LINE -- ADD YOUR ENTRIES ABOVE THIS LINE -- DO NOT REMOVE<br></pre>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<h3>Proxy ARP File:</h3>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<pre><font face="Courier" size="2">#ADDRESS INTERFACE EXTERNAL HAVEROUTE<br>#<br># The Corporate email server in the DMZ<br>192.0.18.80 eth2 eth0 No<br>#<br>#LAST LINE -- ADD YOUR ENTRIES BEFORE THIS ONE -- DO NOT REMOVE </font></pre>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<h3>Tunnels File:</h3>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<pre># TYPE ZONE GATEWAY GATEWAY ZONE PORT<br>ipsec net 134.147.129.82<br>#LAST LINE -- ADD YOUR ENTRIES BEFORE THIS ONE -- DO NOT REMOVE</pre>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<h3>Rules File (The shell variables are set in /etc/shorewall/params):</h3>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<pre>##############################################################################<br>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST SOURCE ORIGINAL<br># PORT PORT(S) DEST<br>#<br># Accept DNS connections from the firewall to the network<br>#<br>ACCEPT fw net tcp 53<br>ACCEPT fw net udp 53<br>#<br># Accept SSH from internet interface from kaos only<br>#<br>ACCEPT net:192.0.18.98 fw tcp 22<br>#<br># Accept connections from the local network for administration <br>#<br>ACCEPT loc fw tcp 20:22<br>ACCEPT loc net tcp 22<br>ACCEPT loc fw tcp 53<br>ACCEPT loc fw udp 53<br>ACCEPT loc net tcp 53<br>ACCEPT loc net udp 53<br>#<br># Allow Ping To And From Firewall<br>#<br>ACCEPT loc fw icmp 8<br>ACCEPT loc dmz icmp 8<br>ACCEPT loc net icmp 8<br>ACCEPT dmz fw icmp 8<br>ACCEPT dmz loc icmp 8<br>ACCEPT dmz net icmp 8<br>DROP net fw icmp 8<br>DROP net loc icmp 8<br>DROP net dmz icmp 8<br>ACCEPT fw loc icmp 8<br>ACCEPT fw dmz icmp 8<br>DROP fw net icmp 8<br>#<br># Accept proxy web connections from the inside<br>#<br>ACCEPT loc fw tcp 8118<br>#<br># Forward PcAnywhere, Oracle and Web traffic from outside to the Demo systems<br># From a specific IP Address on the Internet.<br># <br># ACCEPT net:207.65.110.10 loc:10.10.3.151 tcp 1521,http<br># ACCEPT net:207.65.110.10 loc:10.10.2.32 tcp 5631:5632<br>#<br># Intranet web server<br>ACCEPT net loc:10.10.1.60 tcp 443<br>ACCEPT dmz loc:10.10.1.60 tcp 443<br>#<br># Projects web server<br>ACCEPT net loc:10.10.1.55 tcp 80<br>ACCEPT dmz loc:10.10.1.55 tcp 80<br># <br># Blackberry Server<br>ACCEPT net loc:10.10.1.230 tcp 3101<br>#<br># Corporate Email Server<br>ACCEPT net loc:10.10.1.252 tcp 25,53,110,143,443<br>#<br># Corporate #2 Email Server<br>ACCEPT net loc:10.10.1.8 tcp 25,80,110,443<br>#<br># Sims Server<br>ACCEPT net loc:10.10.1.56 tcp 80,443<br>ACCEPT net loc:10.10.1.56 tcp 7001:7002<br>ACCEPT net:63.83.198.0/24 loc:10.10.1.56 tcp 5631:5632<br>#<br># Access to DMZ<br>ACCEPT loc dmz udp 53,177<br>ACCEPT loc dmz tcp 80,25,53,22,143,443,993,20,110 -<br>ACCEPT net dmz udp 53<br>ACCEPT net dmz tcp 25,53,22,21,123<br>ACCEPT dmz net tcp 25,53,80,123,443,21,22<br>ACCEPT dmz net udp 53<br>#<br>#LAST LINE -- ADD YOUR ENTRIES BEFORE THIS ONE -- DO NOT REMOVE</pre>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<h3>Start File:</h3>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<pre>############################################################################<br># Shorewall 1.4 -- /etc/shorewall/start<br>#<br># Add commands below that you want to be executed after shorewall has<br># been started or restarted.<br>#<br>qt service ipsec start<br></pre>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<h3>Stop File:</h3>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<pre>############################################################################<br># Shorewall 1.4 -- /etc/shorewall/stop<br>#<br># Add commands below that you want to be executed at the beginning of a<br># "shorewall stop" command.<br>#<br>qt service ipsec stop</pre>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<h3>Init File:</h3>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<pre>############################################################################<br># Shorewall 1.4 -- /etc/shorewall/init<br>#<br># Add commands below that you want to be executed at the beginning of<br># a "shorewall start" or "shorewall restart" command.<br>#<br>qt service ipsec stop<br></pre>
</blockquote>
<p><font size="2">Last updated 7/16/2003</font>
</blockquote>
<p><font size="2">Last updated 7/16/2003</font>
<script><!--
function PrivoxyWindowOpen(a, b, c){return(window.open(a, b, c));}
//</script>
//</script>
<br>
</p>
<p><small><a href="GnuCopyright.htm">Copyright 2003 Thomas M. Eastep and
Graeme Boyle</a></small><br>
</p>
<br>
<br>
</p>
<p><small><a
href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Graeme%20Boyle/Local%20Settings/Temporary%20Internet%20Files/OLKD/GnuCopyright.htm">Copyright
2003 Thomas M. Eastep and Graeme Boyle</a></small><br>
</p>
<br>
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<title>Shorewall and FTP</title>
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<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="100%">
<h1 align="center"><font color="#ffffff">Shorewall and FTP</font></h1>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2></h2>
<blockquote> </blockquote>
<p>FTP transfers involve two TCP connections. The first <u>control</u> connection
goes from the FTP client to port 21 on the FTP server. This connection is
used for logon and to send commands and responses between the endpoints.
Data transfers (including the output of "ls" and "dir" commands) requires
a second <u>data</u> connection. The data connection is dependent on the <u>mode</u>
that the client is operating in:<br>
</p>
<ul>
<li>Passive Mode (default for web browsers) -- The client issues a PASV
command. Upon receipt of this command, the server listens on a dynamically-allocated
port then sends a PASV reply to the client. The PASV reply gives the IP address
and port number that the server is listening on. The client then opens a
second connection to that IP address and port number.</li>
<li>Active Mode (often the default for line-mode clients) -- The client
listens on a dynamically-allocated port then sends a PORT command to the
server. The PORT command gives the IP address and port number that the client
is listening on. The server then opens a connection to that IP address and
port number; the <u>source port</u> for this connection is 20 (ftp-data in
/etc/services).</li>
</ul>
You can see these commands in action using your linux ftp command-line
client in debugging mode. Note that my ftp client defaults to passive mode
and that I can toggle between passive and active mode by issuing a "passive"
command:<br>
<blockquote>
<pre>[teastep@wookie Shorewall]$ <font color="#009900"><b>ftp ftp1.shorewall.net<br></b></font>Connected to lists.shorewall.net.<br>220-=(&lt;*&gt;)=-.:. (( Welcome to PureFTPd 1.0.12 )) .:.-=(&lt;*&gt;)=-<br>220-You are user number 1 of 50 allowed.<br>220-Local time is now 10:21 and the load is 0.14. Server port: 21.<br>220 You will be disconnected after 15 minutes of inactivity.<br>500 Security extensions not implemented<br>500 Security extensions not implemented<br>KERBEROS_V4 rejected as an authentication type<br>Name (ftp1.shorewall.net:teastep): ftp<br>331-Welcome to ftp.shorewall.net<br>331-<br>331 Any password will work<br>Password:<br>230 Any password will work<br>Remote system type is UNIX.<br>Using binary mode to transfer files.<br>ftp&gt; <font
color="#009900"><b>debug<br></b></font>Debugging on (debug=1).<br>ftp&gt; <font
color="#009900"><b>ls<br></b></font><b>---&gt; PASV</b><br><b>227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,1,193,195,210)</b><br>---&gt; LIST<br>150 Accepted data connection<br>drwxr-xr-x 5 0 0 4096 Nov 9 2002 archives<br>drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 Feb 12 2002 etc<br>drwxr-sr-x 6 0 50 4096 Feb 19 15:24 pub<br>226-Options: -l<br>226 3 matches total<br>ftp&gt; <font
color="#009900"><b>passive<br></b></font>Passive mode off.<br>ftp&gt; <font
color="#009900"><b>ls<br></b></font><b>---&gt; PORT 192,168,1,3,142,58</b><br>200 PORT command successful<br>---&gt; LIST<br>150 Connecting to port 36410<br>drwxr-xr-x 5 0 0 4096 Nov 9 2002 archives<br>drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 Feb 12 2002 etc<br>drwxr-sr-x 6 0 50 4096 Feb 19 15:24 pub<br>226-Options: -l<br>226 3 matches total<br>ftp&gt;<br></pre>
</blockquote>
Things to notice:<br>
<ol>
<li>The commands that I issued are in <b><font color="#009900">green.</font></b><br>
</li>
<li>Commands sent by the client to the server are preceded by <b>---&gt;</b></li>
<li>Command responses from the server over the control connection are
numbered.<br>
</li>
<li>FTP uses a comma as a separator between the bytes of the IP address;
and</li>
<li>When sending a port number, FTP sends the MSB then the LSB and separates
the two bytes by a comma. As shown in the PORT command, port 142,58 translates
to 142*256+58 = 36410.<br>
</li>
</ol>
Given the normal loc-&gt;net policy of ACCEPT, passive mode access from
local clients to remote servers will always work but active mode requires
the firewall to dynamically open a "hole" for the server's connection back
to the client. Similarly, if you are running an FTP server in your local
zone then active mode should always work but passive mode requires the firewall
to dynamically open a "hole" for the client's second connection to the server.
This is the role of FTP connection-tracking support in the Linux kernel.
<div align="left"><br>
Where any form of NAT (SNAT, DNAT, Masquerading) on your firewall is involved,
the PORT commands and PASV responses may also need to be modified by the
firewall. This is the job of the FTP nat support kernel function.<br>
</div>
<p>Including FTP connection-tracking and NAT support normally means that the
modules "ip_conntrack_ftp" and "ip_nat_ftp" need to be loaded. Shorewall automatically
loads these "helper" modules from /lib/modules/&lt;<i>kernel-version&gt;</i>/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/
and you can determine if they are loaded using the 'lsmod' command:<br>
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Example:<br>
</p>
<blockquote>
<pre>[root@lists etc]# lsmod<br>Module Size Used by Not tainted<br>autofs 12148 0 (autoclean) (unused)<br>ipt_TOS 1560 12 (autoclean)<br>ipt_LOG 4120 5 (autoclean)<br>ipt_REDIRECT 1304 1 (autoclean)<br>ipt_REJECT 3736 4 (autoclean)<br>ipt_state 1048 13 (autoclean)<br>ip_nat_irc 3152 0 (unused)<br><b>ip_nat_ftp 3888 0 (unused)</b><br>ip_conntrack_irc 3984 1<br><b>ip_conntrack_ftp 5008 1</b><br>ipt_multiport 1144 2 (autoclean)<br>ipt_conntrack 1592 0 (autoclean)<br>iptable_filter 2316 1 (autoclean)<br>iptable_mangle 2680 1 (autoclean)<br>iptable_nat 20568 3 (autoclean) [ipt_REDIRECT ip_nat_irc ip_nat_ftp]<br>ip_conntrack 26088 5 (autoclean) [ipt_REDIRECT ipt_state ip_nat_irc ip_nat_ftp ip_conntrack_irc ip_conntrack_ftp ipt_conntrack iptable_nat]<br>ip_tables 14488 12 [ipt_TOS ipt_LOG ipt_REDIRECT ipt_REJECT ipt_state ipt_multiport ipt_conntrack iptable_filter iptable_mangle iptable_nat]<br>tulip 42464 0 (unused)<br>e100 50596 1<br>keybdev 2752 0 (unused)<br>mousedev 5236 0 (unused)<br>hid 20868 0 (unused)<br>input 5632 0 [keybdev mousedev hid]<br>usb-uhci 24684 0 (unused)<br>usbcore 73280 1 [hid usb-uhci]<br>ext3 64704 2<br>jbd 47860 2 [ext3]<br>[root@lists etc]#<br></pre>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<blockquote> </blockquote>
<p>If you want Shorewall to load these modules from an alternate directory,
you need to set the MODULESDIR variable in /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf
to point to that directory.<br>
</p>
<p>Server configuration is covered in <a href="Documentation.htm#Rules">the
/etc/shorewall/rules documentation</a>,<br>
</p>
<p>For a client, you must open outbound TCP port 21. <br>
</p>
<p>The above discussion about commands and responses makes it clear that the
FTP connection-tracking and NAT helpers must scan the traffic on the control
connection looking for PASV and PORT commands as well as PASV responses. If
you run an FTP server on a nonstandard port or you need to access such
a server,  you must therefore let the helpers know by specifying the port
in /etc/shorewall/modules entries for the helpers. For example, if you
run an FTP server that listens on port 49 then you would have:<br>
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>loadmodule ip_conntrack_ftp ports=21,49<br>
loadmodule ip_nat_ftp ports=21,49<br>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Note that you MUST include port 21 in the <i>ports</i> list or you may
have problems accessing regular FTP servers.</p>
<p>If there is a possibility that these modules might be loaded before Shorewall
starts, then you should include the port list in /etc/modules.conf:<br>
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>options ip_conntrack_ftp ports=21,49<br>
options ip_nat_ftp ports=21,49<br>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p><b>IMPORTANT: </b>Once you have made these changes to /etc/shorewall/modules
and/or /etc/modules.conf, you must either:<br>
</p>
<ol>
<li>Unload the modules and restart shorewall: (<b><font
color="#009900">rmmod ip_nat_ftp; rmmod ip_conntrack_ftp; shorewall restart</font></b>);
or</li>
<li>Reboot</li>
</ol>
One problem that I see occasionally involves active mode and the FTP server
in my DMZ. I see the active data connection <u>to certain client IP addresses</u>
being continuously rejected by my firewall. It is my conjecture that there
is some broken client out there that is sending a PORT command that is being
either missed or mis-interpreted by the FTP connection tracking helper yet
it is being accepted by my FTP server. My solution is to add the following
rule:<br>
<blockquote>
<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><b>ACTION<br>
</b></td>
<td valign="top"><b>SOURCE<br>
</b></td>
<td valign="top"><b>DESTINATION<br>
</b></td>
<td valign="top"><b>PROTOCOL<br>
</b></td>
<td valign="top"><b>PORT(S)<br>
</b></td>
<td valign="top"><b>SOURCE<br>
PORT(S)<br>
</b></td>
<td valign="top"><b>ORIGINAL<br>
DESTINATION<br>
</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">ACCEPT:info<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">dmz<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">net<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">tcp<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">-<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">20<br>
</td>
<td valign="top"><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
</blockquote>
The above rule accepts and logs all active mode connections from my DMZ
to the net.<br>
<blockquote>
<p> </p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote> </blockquote>
<p><font size="2">Last updated 7/30/2003 - </font><font size="2"> <a
href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a></font> </p>
<a href="copyright.htm"><font size="2">Copyright</font>
© <font size="2">2003 Thomas M. Eastep.</font></a><br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
<title>Generic Tunnels</title>
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<meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document">
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
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<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="100%">
<h1 align="center"><font color="#ffffff">Generic Tunnels</font></h1>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
Shorewall includes built-in support for a wide range of VPN solutions.
If you have need for a tunnel type that does not have explicit support,
you can generally describe the tunneling software using "generic
tunnels"<br>
<h2>Bridging two Masqueraded Networks</h2>
<p>Suppose that we have the following situation:</p>
<p align="center"> <img border="0" src="images/TwoNets1.png"
width="745" height="427"> </p>
<p align="left">We want systems in the 192.168.1.0/24 subnetwork to be
able to communicate with the systems in the 10.0.0.0/8 network. This is
accomplished through use of the /etc/shorewall/tunnels file, the
/etc/shorewall/policy file and the /etc/shorewall/tunnel script that is
included with Shorewall.<br>
</p>
<p align="left">Suppose that you have tunneling software that uses two
different protocols:<br>
</p>
<p align="left">a) TCP port 1071<br>
b) GRE (Protocol 47)<br>
c) The tunnel interface on system A is "tun0" and the tunnel interface
on system B is also "tun0".<br>
</p>
<p align="left">On each firewall, you will need to declare a zone to
represent the remote subnet. We'll assume that this zone is called
'vpn' and declare it in /etc/shorewall/zones on both systems as follows.</p>
<blockquote>
<table border="2" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><strong>ZONE</strong></td>
<td><strong>DISPLAY</strong></td>
<td><strong>COMMENTS</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>vpn</td>
<td>VPN</td>
<td>Remote Subnet</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</blockquote>
<p align="left">On system A, the 10.0.0.0/8 will comprise the <b>vpn</b>
zone.
In /etc/shorewall/interfaces:</p>
<blockquote>
<table border="2" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><b>ZONE</b></td>
<td><b>INTERFACE</b></td>
<td><b>BROADCAST</b></td>
<td><b>OPTIONS</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>vpn</td>
<td>tun0</td>
<td>10.255.255.255</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</blockquote>
<p align="left">In /etc/shorewall/tunnels on system A, we need the
following:</p>
<blockquote>
<table border="2" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><b>TYPE</b></td>
<td><b>ZONE</b></td>
<td><b>GATEWAY</b></td>
<td><b>GATEWAY ZONE</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>generic:tcp:1071<br>
</td>
<td>net</td>
<td>134.28.54.2</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">generic:47<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">net<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">134.28.54.2<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</blockquote>
<p>These entries in /etc/shorewall/tunnels, opens the firewall so that
TCP port 1071 and the Generalized Routing Encapsulation Protocol (47)
will be accepted to/from the remote gateway.</p>
<blockquote>
<table border="2" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><b>ZONE</b></td>
<td><b>INTERFACE</b></td>
<td><b>BROADCAST</b></td>
<td><b>OPTIONS</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>vpn</td>
<td>tun0</td>
<td>192.168.1.255</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</blockquote>
<p>In /etc/shorewall/tunnels on system B, we have:</p>
<blockquote>
<table border="2" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><b>TYPE</b></td>
<td><b>ZONE</b></td>
<td><b>GATEWAY</b></td>
<td><b>GATEWAY ZONE</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>generic:tcp:1071<br>
</td>
<td>net</td>
<td>206.191.148.9</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">generic:47<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">net<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">134.28.54.2<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</blockquote>
<p align="left"> You will need to allow traffic between the "vpn" zone
and the "loc" zone on both systems -- if you simply want to admit all
traffic in both directions, you can use the policy file:</p>
<blockquote>
<table border="2" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><strong>SOURCE</strong></td>
<td><strong>DEST</strong></td>
<td><strong>POLICY</strong></td>
<td><strong>LOG LEVEL</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>loc</td>
<td>vpn</td>
<td>ACCEPT</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>vpn</td>
<td>loc</td>
<td>ACCEPT</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</blockquote>
<p>On both systems, restart Shorewall and start your VPN software on
each system. The systems in the two masqueraded subnetworks
can now talk to each other</p>
<p><font size="2">Updated 8/9/2003 - <a href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a>
</font></p>
<p><a href="copyright.htm"><font size="2">Copyright</font> © <font
size="2">2001, 2002, 2003Thomas M. Eastep.</font></a></p>
<br>
<br>
</body>
</html>

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<html>
<head>
<title>Shorewall Squid Usage</title>
<meta http-equiv="content-type"
content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<meta name="author" content="Tom Eastep">
</head>
<body>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%"
bgcolor="#3366ff">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" width="33%" bgcolor="#3366ff"><a
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" width="33%" bgcolor="#3366ff"><a
href="http://www.squid-cache.org/"><img src="images/squidnow.gif"
alt="" width="88" height="31" hspace="4">
</a><br>
</td>
<td valign="middle" height="90" align="center"
width="34%">
alt="" width="88" height="31" hspace="4"> </a><br>
</td>
<td valign="middle" height="90" align="center" width="34%">
<h1><font color="#ffffff"><b>Using Shorewall with Squid</b></font></h1>
<h1> </h1>
</td>
<td valign="middle" height="90" width="33%"
align="right"><a href="http://www.squid-cache.org/"><img
src="images/cache_now.gif" alt="" width="100" height="31" hspace="4">
</a><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<h1> </h1>
</td>
<td valign="middle" height="90" width="33%" align="right"><a
href="http://www.squid-cache.org/"><img src="images/cache_now.gif"
alt="" width="100" height="31" hspace="4"> </a><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
This page covers Shorewall configuration to use with <a
<br>
This page covers Shorewall configuration to use with <a
href="http://www.squid-cache.org/">Squid </a>running as a <u><b>Transparent
Proxy</b></u>. If you are running Shorewall 1.3, please see <a
Proxy</b></u>. If you are running Shorewall 1.3, please see <a
href="1.3/Shorewall_Squid_Usage.html">this documentation</a>.<br>
<br>
<img border="0" src="images/j0213519.gif" width="60"
height="60" alt="Caution" align="middle">
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Please observe the following general requirements:<br>
<br>
<b><img src="images/BD21298_3.gif" alt="" width="13"
height="13">
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </b>In all cases, Squid should be configured
to run as a transparent proxy as described at <a
href="http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/mini/TransparentProxy-4.html">http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/mini/TransparentProxy-4.html</a>.<br>
<b><br>
</b><b><img src="images/BD21298_3.gif" alt="" width="13"
height="13">
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </b>The following instructions mention the
files /etc/shorewall/start and /etc/shorewall/init -- if you don't have
those files, siimply create them.<br>
<br>
<b><img src="images/BD21298_3.gif" alt="" width="13"
height="13">
</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; When the Squid server is in the DMZ
zone or in the local zone, that zone must be defined ONLY by its interface
-- no /etc/shorewall/hosts file entries. That is because the packets
being routed to the Squid server still have their original destination
IP addresses.<br>
<br>
<b><img src="images/BD21298_3.gif" alt="" width="13"
height="13">
</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; You must have iptables installed on
your Squid server.<br>
<br>
<b><img src="images/BD21298_3.gif" alt="" width="13"
height="13">
</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; If you run a Shorewall version earlier
than 1.4.6, you must have NAT and MANGLE enabled in your /etc/shorewall/conf
file<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <b><font color="#009900">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
NAT_ENABLED=Yes<br>
</font></b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <font
color="#009900"><b>MANGLE_ENABLED=Yes</b></font><br>
<br>
Three different configurations are covered:<br>
<br>
<img border="0" src="images/j0213519.gif" width="60" height="60"
alt="Caution" align="middle"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Please observe the
following general requirements:<br>
<br>
<b><img src="images/BD21298_3.gif" alt="" width="13" height="13">
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </b>In all cases, Squid should be configured to run
as a transparent proxy as described at <a
href="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/mini/TransparentProxy.html">http://tldp.org/HOWTO/mini/TransparentProxy.html</a>.<br>
<b><br>
</b><b><img src="images/BD21298_3.gif" alt="" width="13" height="13">
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </b>The following instructions mention
the files /etc/shorewall/start and /etc/shorewall/init -- if you don't
have those files, siimply create them.<br>
<br>
<b><img src="images/BD21298_3.gif" alt="" width="13" height="13"> </b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
When the Squid server is in the DMZ zone or in the local zone, that
zone must be defined ONLY by its interface -- no /etc/shorewall/hosts
file entries. That is because the packets being routed to the Squid
server still have their original destination IP addresses.<br>
<br>
<b><img src="images/BD21298_3.gif" alt="" width="13" height="13"> </b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
You must have iptables installed on your Squid server.<br>
<br>
<b><img src="images/BD21298_3.gif" alt="" width="13" height="13"> </b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
If you run a Shorewall version earlier than 1.4.6, you must have NAT
and MANGLE enabled in your /etc/shorewall/conf file<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <b><font color="#009900">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
NAT_ENABLED=Yes<br>
</font></b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <font color="#009900"><b>MANGLE_ENABLED=Yes</b></font><br>
<br>
Three different configurations are covered:<br>
<ol>
<li><a href="Shorewall_Squid_Usage.html#Firewall">Squid running
on the Firewall.</a></li>
<li><a href="Shorewall_Squid_Usage.html#Local">Squid running
in the local network</a></li>
<li><a href="Shorewall_Squid_Usage.html#DMZ">Squid running
in the DMZ</a></li>
<li><a href="Shorewall_Squid_Usage.html#Firewall">Squid
running on the Firewall.</a></li>
<li><a href="Shorewall_Squid_Usage.html#Local">Squid running in the
local network</a></li>
<li><a href="Shorewall_Squid_Usage.html#DMZ">Squid running in the DMZ</a></li>
</ol>
<h2><a name="Firewall"></a>Squid Running on the Firewall</h2>
You want to redirect all local www connection requests EXCEPT
those to your
own http server (206.124.146.177)
to a Squid
transparent proxy running on the firewall and listening on
port 3128. Squid will of course require access to remote web servers.<br>
<br>
In /etc/shorewall/rules:<br>
<br>
<blockquote>
You want to redirect all local www connection requests
EXCEPT those to your own http server (206.124.146.177) to a Squid
transparent proxy running on the firewall
and listening on port 3128. Squid will of course require access
to remote web servers.<br>
<br>
In /etc/shorewall/rules:<br>
<br>
<blockquote>
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><b>ACTION</b></td>
<td><b>SOURCE</b></td>
<td><b>DEST</b></td>
<td><b> PROTO</b></td>
<td><b>DEST<br>
PORT(S)</b></td>
<td><b>SOURCE<br>
PORT(S)</b></td>
<td><b>ORIGINAL<br>
DEST</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>REDIRECT</td>
<td>loc</td>
<td>3128</td>
<td>tcp</td>
<td>www</td>
<td> -<br>
</td>
<td>!206.124.146.177</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ACCEPT</td>
<td>fw</td>
<td>net</td>
<td>tcp</td>
<td>www</td>
<td> <br>
</td>
<td> <br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><b>ACTION</b></td>
<td><b>SOURCE</b></td>
<td><b>DEST</b></td>
<td><b> PROTO</b></td>
<td><b>DEST<br>
PORT(S)</b></td>
<td><b>SOURCE<br>
PORT(S)</b></td>
<td><b>ORIGINAL<br>
DEST</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>REDIRECT</td>
<td>loc</td>
<td>3128</td>
<td>tcp</td>
<td>www</td>
<td> -<br>
</td>
<td>!206.124.146.177</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ACCEPT</td>
<td>fw</td>
<td>net</td>
<td>tcp</td>
<td>www</td>
<td> <br>
</td>
<td> <br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
</blockquote>
There may be a requirement to exclude additional destination hosts
or networks from being redirected. For example, you might also want requests
destined for 130.252.100.0/24 to not be routed to Squid. In that case, you
must add a manual rule in /etc/shorewall/start:<br>
<blockquote>
<br>
</blockquote>
There may be a requirement to exclude additional destination
hosts or networks from being redirected. For example, you might also
want
requests destined for 130.252.100.0/24 to not be routed to Squid. In
that
case, you must add a manual rule in /etc/shorewall/start:<br>
<blockquote>
<pre>run_iptables -t nat -I loc_dnat -p tcp --dport www -d 130.252.100.0/24 -j RETURN<br></pre>
</blockquote>
&nbsp;To exclude additional hosts or networks, just add additional similar
rules.<br>
</blockquote>
&nbsp;To exclude additional hosts or networks, just add additional
similar rules.<br>
<h2><a name="Local"></a>Squid Running in the local network</h2>
You want to redirect all local www connection requests
to a Squid transparent
proxy running in your local zone at 192.168.1.3 and listening on
port 3128. Your local interface is eth1. There may also be a web server
running on 192.168.1.3. It is assumed that web access is already enabled
from the local zone to the internet.<br>
<p><font color="#ff0000"><b>WARNING: </b></font>This setup may conflict with
other aspects of your gateway including but not limited to traffic
shaping and route redirection. For that reason, <b>I don't recommend
it</b>.<br>
</p>
You want to redirect all local www connection requests to a Squid
transparent proxy running in your local zone at 192.168.1.3 and
listening
on port 3128. Your local interface is eth1. There may also be a web
server running on 192.168.1.3. It is assumed that web access is already
enabled from the local zone to the internet..<br>
<ul>
<li>On your firewall system, issue the following command<br>
</li>
<li>On your firewall system, issue the following command<br>
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<pre><b><font color="#009900">echo 202 www.out &gt;&gt; /etc/iproute2/rt_tables</font></b><br></pre>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>In /etc/shorewall/init, put:<br>
</li>
<li>In /etc/shorewall/init, put:<br>
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<pre><b><font color="#009900">if [ -z "`ip rule list | grep www.out`" ] ; then<br> ip rule add fwmark 202 table www.out<br> ip route add default via 192.168.1.3 dev eth1 table www.out<br> ip route flush cache<br> echo 0 &gt; /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth1/send_redirects<br>fi<br></font></b></pre>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>If you are running Shorewall 1.4.1 or Shorewall 1.4.1a,
please upgrade to Shorewall 1.4.2 or later.<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>If you are running Shorewall 1.4.2 or later, then in /etc/shorewall/interfaces:<br>
<br>
<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top">ZONE<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">INTERFACE<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">BROADCAST<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">OPTIONS<br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">loc<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">eth1<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">detect<br>
</td>
<td valign="top"><b>routeback</b><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
</li>
<li>In /etc/shorewall/rules:<br>
<br>
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><b>ACTION</b></td>
<td><b>SOURCE</b></td>
<td><b>DEST</b></td>
<td><b> PROTO</b></td>
<td><b>DEST<br>
PORT(S)</b></td>
<td><b>SOURCE<br>
PORT(S)</b></td>
<td><b>ORIGINAL<br>
DEST</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ACCEPT<br>
</td>
<td>loc</td>
<td>loc<br>
</td>
<td>tcp</td>
<td>www</td>
<td> <br>
</td>
<td><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</li>
<br>
<li>Alternativfely, if you are running Shorewall 1.4.0 you can have
the following policy in place of the above rule:<br>
<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><b>SOURCE<br>
</b></td>
<td valign="top"><b>DESTINATION<br>
</b></td>
<td valign="top"><b>POLICY<br>
</b></td>
<td valign="top"><b>LOG LEVEL<br>
</b></td>
<td valign="top"><b>BURST PARAMETERS<br>
</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">loc<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">loc<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">ACCEPT<br>
</td>
<td valign="top"><br>
</td>
<td valign="top"><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
</li>
<li>In /etc/shorewall/start add:<br>
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<pre><font color="#009900"><b>iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -s ! 192.168.1.3 -p tcp --dport 80 -j MARK --set-mark 202</b></font><br></pre>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>On 192.168.1.3, arrange for the following command to
be executed after networking has come up<br>
<pre><b><font color="#009900">iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -d ! 192.168.1.3 -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 3128</font></b><br></pre>
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote> If you are running RedHat on the server, you can simply execute
the following commands after you have typed the iptables command
above:<br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<blockquote> </blockquote>
<pre><font color="#009900"><b>iptables-save &gt; /etc/sysconfig/iptables</b></font><font
color="#009900"><b><br>chkconfig --level 35 iptables on<br></b></font></pre>
</blockquote>
<blockquote> </blockquote>
<h2><a name="DMZ"></a>Squid Running in the DMZ (This is what I do)</h2>
You have a single Linux system in your DMZ with IP address
192.0.2.177. You want to run both a web server and Squid on that system.
Your DMZ interface is eth1 and your local interface is eth2.<br>
<ul>
<li>On your firewall system, issue the following command<br>
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<pre><font color="#009900"><b>echo 202 www.out &gt;&gt; /etc/iproute2/rt_tables</b></font><br></pre>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>In /etc/shorewall/init, put:<br>
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<pre><font color="#009900"><b>if [ -z "`ip rule list | grep www.out`" ] ; then<br> ip rule add fwmark 202 table www.out<br> ip route add default via 192.0.2.177 dev eth1 table www.out<br> ip route flush cache<br>fi</b></font><br></pre>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>&nbsp;Do<b> one </b>of the following:<br>
<br>
A) In /etc/shorewall/start add<br>
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<pre><b><font color="#009900"> iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -i eth2 -p tcp --dport 80 -j MARK --set-mark 202</font></b><br></pre>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>B) Set MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN=No in /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf
and add the following entry in /etc/shorewall/tcrules:<br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<table cellpadding="2" border="1" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top">MARK<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">SOURCE<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">DESTINATION<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">PROTOCOL<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">PORT<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">CLIENT PORT<br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">202<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">eth2<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">0.0.0.0/0<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">tcp<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">80<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">-<br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</blockquote>
C) Run Shorewall 1.3.14 or later and add the following entry in
/etc/shorewall/tcrules:<br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<table cellpadding="2" border="1" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top">MARK<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">SOURCE<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">DESTINATION<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">PROTOCOL<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">PORT<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">CLIENT PORT<br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">202:P<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">eth2<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">0.0.0.0/0<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">tcp<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">80<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">-<br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>In /etc/shorewall/rules, you will need:</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<table cellpadding="2" border="1" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top">ACTION<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">SOURCE<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">DEST<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">PROTO<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">DEST<br>
PORT(S)<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">CLIENT<br>
PORT(2)<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">ORIGINAL<br>
DEST<br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">ACCEPT<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">loc<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">dmz<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">tcp<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">80<br>
</td>
<td valign="top"><br>
</td>
<td valign="top"><br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">ACCEPT<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">dmz<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">net<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">tcp<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">80<br>
</td>
<td valign="top"><br>
</td>
<td valign="top"><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>On 192.0.2.177 (your Web/Squid server), arrange for
the following command to be executed after networking has come up<br>
<pre><font color="#009900"><b>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -d ! 192.0.2.177 -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 3128</b></font><br></pre>
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote> If you are running RedHat on the server, you can simply execute
the following commands after you have typed the iptables command
above:<br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<blockquote> </blockquote>
<pre><font color="#009900"><b>iptables-save &gt; /etc/sysconfig/iptables</b></font><font
color="#009900"><b><br>chkconfig --level 35 iptables on<br></b></font></pre>
</blockquote>
<blockquote> </blockquote>
<p><font size="-1"> Updated 7/18/2003 - <a href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a>
</font></p>
<a href="copyright.htm"><font size="2">Copyright</font>
&copy; <font size="2">2003 Thomas M. Eastep.</font></a><br>
<li>If you are running Shorewall 1.4.1 or Shorewall 1.4.1a, please
upgrade to Shorewall 1.4.2 or later.<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>If you are running Shorewall 1.4.2 or later, then in
/etc/shorewall/interfaces:<br>
<br>
<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top">ZONE<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">INTERFACE<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">BROADCAST<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">OPTIONS<br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">loc<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">eth1<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">detect<br>
</td>
<td valign="top"><b>routeback</b><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
</li>
<li>In /etc/shorewall/rules:<br>
<br>
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><b>ACTION</b></td>
<td><b>SOURCE</b></td>
<td><b>DEST</b></td>
<td><b> PROTO</b></td>
<td><b>DEST<br>
PORT(S)</b></td>
<td><b>SOURCE<br>
PORT(S)</b></td>
<td><b>ORIGINAL<br>
DEST</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ACCEPT<br>
</td>
<td>loc</td>
<td>loc<br>
</td>
<td>tcp</td>
<td>www</td>
<td> <br>
</td>
<td><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</li>
<br>
<li>Alternativfely, if you are running Shorewall 1.4.0 you can have
the following policy in place of the above rule:<br>
<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><b>SOURCE<br>
</b></td>
<td valign="top"><b>DESTINATION<br>
</b></td>
<td valign="top"><b>POLICY<br>
</b></td>
<td valign="top"><b>LOG LEVEL<br>
</b></td>
<td valign="top"><b>BURST PARAMETERS<br>
</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">loc<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">loc<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">ACCEPT<br>
</td>
<td valign="top"><br>
</td>
<td valign="top"><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
</li>
<li>In /etc/shorewall/start add:<br>
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<pre><font color="#009900"><b>iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -s ! 192.168.1.3 -p tcp --dport 80 -j MARK --set-mark 202</b></font><br></pre>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>On 192.168.1.3, arrange for the following command to be executed
after networking has come up<br>
<pre><b><font color="#009900">iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -d ! 192.168.1.3 -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 3128</font></b><br></pre>
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote> If you are running RedHat on the server, you can simply
execute the following commands after you have typed the iptables
command above:<br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<blockquote> </blockquote>
<pre><font color="#009900"><b>iptables-save &gt; /etc/sysconfig/iptables</b></font><font
color="#009900"><b><br>chkconfig --level 35 iptables on<br></b></font></pre>
</blockquote>
<blockquote> </blockquote>
<h2><a name="DMZ"></a>Squid Running in the DMZ (This is what I do)</h2>
You have a single Linux system in your DMZ with IP address 192.0.2.177.
You want to run both a web server and Squid on that system. Your DMZ
interface is eth1 and your local interface is eth2.<br>
<ul>
<li>On your firewall system, issue the following command<br>
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<pre><font color="#009900"><b>echo 202 www.out &gt;&gt; /etc/iproute2/rt_tables</b></font><br></pre>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>In /etc/shorewall/init, put:<br>
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<pre><font color="#009900"><b>if [ -z "`ip rule list | grep www.out`" ] ; then<br> ip rule add fwmark 202 table www.out<br> ip route add default via 192.0.2.177 dev eth1 table www.out<br> ip route flush cache<br>fi</b></font><br></pre>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>&nbsp;Do<b> one </b>of the following:<br>
<br>
A) In /etc/shorewall/start add<br>
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<pre><b><font color="#009900"> iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -i eth2 -p tcp --dport 80 -j MARK --set-mark 202</font></b><br></pre>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>B) Set MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN=No in
/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf and add the following entry in
/etc/shorewall/tcrules:<br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<table cellpadding="2" border="1" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top">MARK<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">SOURCE<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">DESTINATION<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">PROTOCOL<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">PORT<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">CLIENT PORT<br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">202<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">eth2<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">0.0.0.0/0<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">tcp<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">80<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">-<br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</blockquote>
C) Run Shorewall 1.3.14 or later and add the following entry
in /etc/shorewall/tcrules:<br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<table cellpadding="2" border="1" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top">MARK<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">SOURCE<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">DESTINATION<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">PROTOCOL<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">PORT<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">CLIENT PORT<br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">202:P<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">eth2<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">0.0.0.0/0<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">tcp<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">80<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">-<br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>In /etc/shorewall/rules, you will need:</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<table cellpadding="2" border="1" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top">ACTION<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">SOURCE<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">DEST<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">PROTO<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">DEST<br>
PORT(S)<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">CLIENT<br>
PORT(2)<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">ORIGINAL<br>
DEST<br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">ACCEPT<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">loc<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">dmz<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">tcp<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">80<br>
</td>
<td valign="top"><br>
</td>
<td valign="top"><br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">ACCEPT<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">dmz<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">net<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">tcp<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">80<br>
</td>
<td valign="top"><br>
</td>
<td valign="top"><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>On 192.0.2.177 (your Web/Squid server), arrange for the following
command to be executed after networking has come up<br>
<pre><font color="#009900"><b>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -d ! 192.0.2.177 -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 3128</b></font><br></pre>
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote> If you are running RedHat on the server, you can simply
execute the following commands after you have typed the iptables
command above:<br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<blockquote> </blockquote>
<pre><font color="#009900"><b>iptables-save &gt; /etc/sysconfig/iptables</b></font><font
color="#009900"><b><br>chkconfig --level 35 iptables on<br></b></font></pre>
</blockquote>
<blockquote> </blockquote>
<p><font size="-1"> Updated 8/9/2003 - <a href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a>
</font></p>
<a href="copyright.htm"><font size="2">Copyright</font> &copy; <font
size="2">2003 Thomas M. Eastep.</font></a><br>
</body>
</html>

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<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 5.0">
<meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document">
<title>Shorewall Index</title>
<base
target="main">
<base target="main">
<meta name="Microsoft Theme" content="none">
</head>
<body>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
style="border-collapse: collapse;" width="100%" id="AutoNumber1"
bgcolor="#3366ff" height="90">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
width="100%" height="90">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
width="100%" height="90" align="center">
<div align="center">
<h3 align="center"><font color="#ffffff">Shorewall</font></h3>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td
</div>
<a href="http://www.shorewall.net" target="_top"><img
border="0" src="images/ProtectedBy.png" width="200" height="42"
hspace="4" alt="(Shorewall Logo)" align="middle" vspace="4">
</a><br>
<br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td
width="100%" bgcolor="#ffffff">
<ul>
<li> <a
href="seattlefirewall_index.htm">Home</a></li>
<li>
<a href="shorewall_features.htm">Features</a></li>
<li><a href="Shorewall_Doesnt.html">What it Cannot Do</a><br>
</li>
<li> <a
href="shorewall_prerequisites.htm">Requirements</a></li>
<li> <a
href="download.htm">Download</a><br>
</li>
<li> <a
href="Install.htm">Installation/Upgrade/</a><br>
<a
href="Install.htm">Configuration</a><br>
</li>
<li> <a
href="shorewall_quickstart_guide.htm">QuickStart Guides (HOWTOs)</a><br>
</li>
<li> <b><a
<ul>
<li> <a
href="seattlefirewall_index.htm">Home</a></li>
<li>
<a href="shorewall_features.htm">Features</a></li>
<li><a href="Shorewall_Doesnt.html">What it Cannot Do</a><br>
</li>
<li> <a
href="shorewall_prerequisites.htm">Requirements</a></li>
<li> <a
href="download.htm">Download</a><br>
</li>
<li> <a
href="Install.htm">Installation/Upgrade/</a><br>
<a
href="Install.htm">Configuration</a><br>
</li>
<li> <a
href="shorewall_quickstart_guide.htm">QuickStart Guides (HOWTOs)</a><br>
</li>
<li> <b><a
href="shorewall_quickstart_guide.htm#Documentation">Documentation</a></b></li>
<li> <a href="FAQ.htm">FAQs</a></li>
<li><a
<li> <a href="FAQ.htm">FAQs</a></li>
<li><a
href="useful_links.html">Useful Links</a><br>
</li>
<li> <a
</li>
<li> <a
href="troubleshoot.htm">Things to try if it doesn't work</a></li>
<li> <a
<li> <a
href="errata.htm">Errata</a></li>
<li> <a
<li> <a
href="upgrade_issues.htm">Upgrade Issues</a></li>
<li> <a
<li> <a
href="support.htm">Getting help or Answers to Questions</a></li>
<li><a href="http://lists.shorewall.net">Mailing Lists</a><a
href="http://lists.shorewall.net"> </a><br>
</li>
<li><a href="http://lists.shorewall.net">Mailing
Lists</a><a href="http://lists.shorewall.net"> </a><br>
</li>
<li><a href="shorewall_mirrors.htm">Mirrors</a>
<li><a href="shorewall_mirrors.htm">Mirrors</a>
<ul>
<li><a
target="_top" href="http://slovakia.shorewall.net">Slovak Republic</a></li>
<li><a
target="_top" href="http://shorewall.infohiiway.com">Texas, USA</a></li>
<li><a
target="_top" href="http://germany.shorewall.net">Germany</a></li>
<li><a target="_top"
href="http://france.shorewall.net">France</a></li>
<li><a href="http://shorewall.syachile.cl"
target="_top">Chile</a></li>
<li><a href="http://shorewall.greshko.com"
target="_top">Taiwan</a></li>
<li><a href="http://argentina.shorewall.net"
target="_top">Argentina</a></li>
<li><a href="http://shorewall.securityopensource.org.br"
target="_top">Brazil</a><br>
</li>
<li><a
href="http://www.shorewall.net" target="_top">Washington State, USA</a><br>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li> <a
href="News.htm">News Archive</a></li>
<li> <a
<li> <a href="News.htm">News Archive</a></li>
<li> <a
href="Shorewall_CVS_Access.html">CVS Repository</a></li>
<li> <a
<li> <a
href="quotes.htm">Quotes from Users</a></li>
<ul>
</ul>
<li> <a
<li> <a
href="shoreline.htm">About the Author</a></li>
<li> <a
<li> <a
href="seattlefirewall_index.htm#Donations">Donations</a></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><a href="copyright.htm"><font size="2">Copyright</font> © <font
size="2">2001-2003 Thomas M. Eastep.</font></a><br>
</p>
</p>
<br>
<br>
</body>
</html>

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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 5.0">
<meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document">
<title>Shorewall Index</title>
<base
target="main">
<base
target="main">
<meta name="Microsoft Theme" content="none">
</head>
<body>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
style="border-collapse: collapse;" width="100%" id="AutoNumber1"
bgcolor="#3366ff" height="90">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
width="100%" height="90">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
width="100%" height="90">
<h3 align="center"><font color="#ffffff">Shorewall</font></h3>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td
width="100%" bgcolor="#ffffff">
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td
width="100%" bgcolor="#ffffff">
<ul>
<li> <a
<li> <a
href="seattlefirewall_index.htm">Home</a></li>
<li> <a
href="shorewall_features.htm">Features</a></li>
<li><a href="Shorewall_Doesnt.html">What it Cannot Do</a><br>
</li>
<li> <a
<li>
<a href="shorewall_features.htm">Features</a></li>
<li><a href="Shorewall_Doesnt.html">What it Cannot Do</a><br>
</li>
<li> <a
href="shorewall_prerequisites.htm">Requirements</a></li>
<li> <a
<li> <a
href="download.htm">Download</a><br>
</li>
<li> <a
href="Install.htm">Installation/Upgrade/</a><br>
<a
href="Install.htm">Configuration</a><br>
</li>
<li> <a
href="shorewall_quickstart_guide.htm">QuickStart Guides (HOWTOs)</a><br>
</li>
<li> <a
href="Install.htm">Installation/Upgrade/</a><br>
<a
href="Install.htm">Configuration</a><br>
</li>
<li> <a
href="shorewall_quickstart_guide.htm">QuickStart Guides (HOWTOs)</a><br>
</li>
<li> <b><a
<li> <b><a
href="shorewall_quickstart_guide.htm#Documentation">Documentation</a></b></li>
<li> <a href="FAQ.htm">FAQs</a></li>
<li><a
<li> <a href="FAQ.htm">FAQs</a></li>
<li><a
href="useful_links.html">Useful Links</a><br>
</li>
<li> <a
</li>
<li> <a
href="troubleshoot.htm">Things to try if it doesn't work</a></li>
<li> <a
<li> <a
href="errata.htm">Errata</a></li>
<li> <a
<li> <a
href="upgrade_issues.htm">Upgrade Issues</a></li>
<li> <a
href="support.htm">Getting help or Answers to Questions</a>
</li>
<li><a
href="http://lists.shorewall.net">Mailing Lists</a> <br>
</li>
<li><a
href="shorewall_mirrors.htm">Mirrors</a>
<ul>
<li><a
target="_top" href="http://slovakia.shorewall.net">Slovak Republic</a></li>
<li><a
target="_top" href="http://shorewall.infohiiway.com">Texas, USA</a></li>
<li><a
target="_top" href="http://germany.shorewall.net">Germany</a></li>
<li><a target="_top"
href="http://france.shorewall.net">France</a></li>
<li><a href="http://shorewall.syachile.cl"
target="_top">Chile</a></li>
<li><a href="http://shorewall.greshko.com"
target="_top">Taiwan</a></li>
<li><a href="http://argentina.shorewall.net"
target="_top">Argentina</a></li>
<li><a href="http://shorewall.securityopensource.org.br"
target="_top">Brazil</a><br>
</li>
<li> <a
href="support.htm">Getting help or Answers to Questions</a>
</li>
<li><a
href="http://www.shorewall.net" target="_top">Washington State, USA</a><br>
</li>
href="http://lists.shorewall.net">Mailing Lists</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a
href="shorewall_mirrors.htm">Mirrors</a></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li> <a
<li><a
href="News.htm">News Archive</a></li>
<li> <a
<li> <a
href="Shorewall_CVS_Access.html">CVS Repository</a></li>
<ul>
</ul>
<li> <a
<li> <a
href="quotes.htm">Quotes from Users</a></li>
<li> <a
<li> <a
href="shoreline.htm">About the Author</a></li>
<li> <a
<li> <a
href="seattlefirewall_index.htm#Donations">Donations</a></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><a href="copyright.htm"><font size="2">Copyright</font> © <font
size="2">2001-2003 Thomas M. Eastep.</font></a><br>
</p>
</p>
<br>
</body>
</html>

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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 5.0">
<meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document">
<title>Blacklisting Support</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
style="border-collapse: collapse;" bordercolor="#111111" width="100%"
id="AutoNumber1" bgcolor="#3366ff" height="90">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="100%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="100%">
<h1 align="center"><font color="#ffffff">Blacklisting Support</font></h1>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Shorewall supports two different forms of blacklisting; static and dynamic.</p>
<h2>Static Blacklisting</h2>
<p>Shorewall static blacklisting support has the following configuration parameters:</p>
<p>Shorewall static blacklisting support has the following configuration
parameters:</p>
<ul>
<li>You specify whether you want packets from blacklisted hosts dropped
or rejected using the <a href="Documentation.htm#BLDisposition">BLACKLIST_DISPOSITION</a>
setting in /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf</li>
<li>You specify whether you want packets from blacklisted hosts logged
and at what syslog level using the <a
href="Documentation.htm#BLLoglevel">BLACKLIST_LOGLEVEL</a> setting in
/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf</li>
<li>You list the IP addresses/subnets that you wish to blacklist in
<a href="Documentation.htm#Blacklist">/etc/shorewall/blacklist.</a> Beginning
with Shorewall version 1.3.8, you may also specify PROTOCOL and Port numbers/Service
names in the blacklist file.<br>
</li>
<li>You specify the interfaces whose incoming packets you want checked
against the blacklist using the "<a
<li>You specify whether you want packets from blacklisted hosts dropped
or rejected using the <a href="Documentation.htm#BLDisposition">BLACKLIST_DISPOSITION</a>
setting in /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf</li>
<li>You specify whether you want packets from blacklisted hosts logged
and at what syslog level using the <a
href="Documentation.htm#BLLoglevel">BLACKLIST_LOGLEVEL</a> setting in
/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf</li>
<li>You list the IP addresses/subnets that you wish to blacklist in
<a href="Documentation.htm#Blacklist">/etc/shorewall/blacklist.</a>
Beginning with Shorewall version 1.3.8, you may also specify PROTOCOL and
Port numbers/Service names in the blacklist file.<br>
</li>
<li>You specify the interfaces whose incoming packets you want checked
against the blacklist using the "<a
href="Documentation.htm#Interfaces">blacklist</a>" option in /etc/shorewall/interfaces.</li>
<li>The black list is refreshed from /etc/shorewall/blacklist by the
"<a href="Documentation.htm#Starting">shorewall refresh</a>" command.</li>
<li>The black list is refreshed from /etc/shorewall/blacklist by the
"<a href="Documentation.htm#Starting">shorewall refresh</a>" command.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Dynamic Blacklisting</h2>
<p>Dynamic blacklisting support was added in version 1.3.2. Dynamic blacklisting
doesn't use any configuration parameters but is rather controlled using
/sbin/shorewall commands:</p>
<p>Dynamic blacklisting support was added in version 1.3.2. Dynamic blacklisting
doesn't use any configuration parameters but is rather controlled using
/sbin/shorewall commands:</p>
<ul>
<li>drop <i>&lt;ip address list&gt; </i>- causes packets from the listed
IP addresses to be silently dropped by the firewall.</li>
<li>reject <i>&lt;ip address list&gt; </i>- causes packets from the
listed IP addresses to be rejected by the firewall.</li>
<li>allow <i>&lt;ip address list&gt; </i>- re-enables receipt of packets
from hosts previously blacklisted by a <i>deny</i> or <i>reject</i> command.</li>
<li>save - save the dynamic blacklisting configuration so that it will
be automatically restored the next time that the firewall is restarted.</li>
<li>show dynamic - displays the dynamic blacklisting configuration.</li>
<li>drop <i>&lt;ip address list&gt; </i>- causes packets from the
listed IP addresses to be silently dropped by the firewall.</li>
<li>reject <i>&lt;ip address list&gt; </i>- causes packets from the
listed IP addresses to be rejected by the firewall.</li>
<li>allow <i>&lt;ip address list&gt; </i>- re-enables receipt of packets
from hosts previously blacklisted by a <i>drop</i> or <i>reject</i>
command.</li>
<li>save - save the dynamic blacklisting configuration so that it
will be automatically restored the next time that the firewall is restarted.</li>
<li>show dynamic - displays the dynamic blacklisting configuration.</li>
</ul>
Dynamic blacklisting is <u>not</u> dependent on the "blacklist" option in
/etc/shorewall/interfaces.<br>
Dynamic blacklisting is <u>not</u> dependent on the "blacklist" option
in /etc/shorewall/interfaces.<br>
<p>Example 1:</p>
<pre> <b><font color="#009900">shorewall drop 192.0.2.124 192.0.2.125</font></b></pre>
<p>    Drops packets from hosts 192.0.2.124 and 192.0.2.125</p>
<p>Example 2:</p>
<pre> <b><font color="#009900">shorewall allow 192.0.2.125</font></b></pre>
<p>    Reenables access from 192.0.2.125.</p>
<p><font size="2">Last updated 2/7/2003 - <a href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a></font></p>
<p><font face="Trebuchet MS"><a href="copyright.htm"><font size="2">Copyright</font>
© <font size="2">2002, 2003 Thomas M. Eastep.</font></a></font></p>
<br>
<p><font size="2">Last updated 7/27/2003 - <a href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a></font></p>
<p><font face="Trebuchet MS"><a href="copyright.htm"><font size="2">Copyright</font>
© <font size="2">2002, 2003 Thomas M. Eastep.</font></a></font></p>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>

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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 5.0">
<meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document">
<title>Download</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
style="border-collapse: collapse;" bordercolor="#111111" width="100%"
id="AutoNumber1" bgcolor="#3366ff" height="90">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="100%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="100%">
<h1 align="center"><font color="#ffffff">Shorewall Download</font></h1>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><b>I strongly urge you to read and print a copy of the <a
href="shorewall_quickstart_guide.htm">Shorewall QuickStart Guide</a>
for the configuration that most closely matches your own.<br>
</b></p>
href="shorewall_quickstart_guide.htm">Shorewall QuickStart Guide</a>
for the configuration that most closely matches your own.<br>
</b></p>
<p>The entire set of Shorewall documentation is available in PDF format at:</p>
<p>    <a href="ftp://slovakia.shorewall.net/mirror/shorewall/pdf/">ftp://slovakia.shorewall.net/mirror/shorewall/pdf/</a><br>
    <a
    <a
href="http://slovakia.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/pdf/">http://slovakia.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/pdf/</a><br>
    <a
href="rsync://slovakia.shorewall.net/shorewall/pdf/">rsync://slovakia.shorewall.net/shorewall/pdf/</a>
    <a
href="rsync://slovakia.shorewall.net/shorewall/pdf/">rsync://slovakia.shorewall.net/shorewall/pdf/</a>
</p>
<p>The documentation in HTML format is included in the .rpm and in the
.tgz packages below.</p>
<p> Once you've printed the appropriate QuickStart Guide, download <u>
one</u> of the modules:</p>
<p>The documentation in HTML format is included in the .rpm and in the .tgz
packages below.</p>
<p> Once you've printed the appropriate QuickStart Guide, download <u>
one</u> of the modules:</p>
<ul>
<li>If you run a <b>RedHat</b>, <b>SuSE, Mandrake</b>,
<b> Linux PPC</b> or <b> TurboLinux</b> distribution
with a 2.4 kernel, you can use the RPM version (note: the
RPM should also work with other distributions that store
init scripts in /etc/init.d and that include chkconfig
or insserv). If you find that it works in other cases, let <a
href="mailto:teastep@shorewall.net"> me</a> know so that
I can mention them here. See the <a href="Install.htm">Installation
<li>If you run a <b>RedHat</b>, <b>SuSE, Mandrake</b>,
<b> Linux PPC</b> or <b> TurboLinux</b> distribution
with a 2.4 kernel, you can use the RPM version (note: the
RPM should also work with other distributions that store
init scripts in /etc/init.d and that include chkconfig
or insserv). If you find that it works in other cases, let <a
href="mailto:teastep@shorewall.net"> me</a> know so that
I can mention them here. See the <a href="Install.htm">Installation
Instructions</a> if you have problems installing the RPM.</li>
<li>If you are running LRP, download the .lrp
file (you might also want to download the .tgz so you will
<li>If you are running LRP, download the .lrp
file (you might also want to download the .tgz so you will
have a copy of the documentation).</li>
<li>If you run <a
href="http://www.debian.org"><b>Debian</b></a> and would
like a .deb package, Shorewall is included in both the <a
href="http://packages.debian.org/testing/net/shorewall.html">Debian
Testing Branch</a> and the <a
href="http://packages.debian.org/unstable/net/shorewall.html">Debian Unstable
Branch</a>.</li>
<li>Otherwise, download the <i>shorewall</i>
module (.tgz)</li>
<li>If you run <a
href="http://www.debian.org"><b>Debian</b></a> and would
like a .deb package, Shorewall is included in both the <a
href="http://packages.debian.org/testing/net/shorewall.html">Debian
Testing Branch</a> and the <a
href="http://packages.debian.org/unstable/net/shorewall.html">Debian Unstable
Branch</a>.</li>
<li>Otherwise, download the <i>shorewall</i>
module (.tgz)</li>
</ul>
<p>The documentation in HTML format is included in the .tgz and .rpm files
and there is an documentation .deb that also contains the documentation.  The
.rpm will install the documentation in your default document directory
<p>The documentation in HTML format is included in the .tgz and .rpm files
and there is an documentation .deb that also contains the documentation.  The
.rpm will install the documentation in your default document directory
which can be obtained using the following command:<br>
</p>
<blockquote>
</p>
<blockquote>
<p><font color="#009900"><b>rpm --eval '%{defaultdocdir}'</b></font></p>
</blockquote>
<p>Please check the <font color="#ff0000"> <a href="errata.htm"> errata</a></font>
to see if there are updates that apply to the version
that you have downloaded.</p>
<p><font color="#ff0000"><b>WARNING - YOU CAN <u>NOT</u> SIMPLY INSTALL
THE RPM AND ISSUE A "shorewall start" COMMAND. SOME CONFIGURATION
IS REQUIRED BEFORE THE FIREWALL WILL START. Once you have completed
configuration of your firewall, you can enable startup by removing
the file /etc/shorewall/startup_disabled.</b></font></p>
</blockquote>
<p>Please check the <font color="#ff0000"> <a href="errata.htm"> errata</a></font>
to see if there are updates that apply to the version
that you have downloaded.</p>
<p><font color="#ff0000"><b>WARNING - YOU CAN <u>NOT</u> SIMPLY INSTALL
THE RPM AND ISSUE A "shorewall start" COMMAND. SOME CONFIGURATION
IS REQUIRED BEFORE THE FIREWALL WILL START. Once you have completed configuration
of your firewall, you can enable startup by removing the file /etc/shorewall/startup_disabled.</b></font></p>
<p><b></b></p>
<p><b>Download Sites:</b></p>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<table border="2" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><b>SERVER LOCATION</b></td>
<td><b>DOMAIN</b></td>
<td><b>HTTP</b></td>
<td><b>FTP</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SourceForge<br>
</td>
<td>sf.net</td>
<td><a
href="http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=22587">Browse</a></td>
<td>N/A</td>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><b>SERVER LOCATION</b></td>
<td><b>DOMAIN</b></td>
<td><b>HTTP</b></td>
<td><b>FTP</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Slovak Republic</td>
<td>Shorewall.net</td>
<td><a
href="http://slovakia.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/">Browse</a></td>
<td> <a target="_blank"
href="ftp://slovakia.shorewall.net/mirror/shorewall/">Browse</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Texas, USA</td>
<td>Infohiiway.com</td>
<td><a
href="http://shorewall.infohiiway.com/pub/shorewall">Browse</a></td>
<td><a target="_blank"
href="ftp://ftp.infohiiway.com/pub/shorewall/">Browse</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Hamburg, Germany</td>
<td>Shorewall.net</td>
<td><a
href="http://germany.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/">Browse</a></td>
<td><a target="_blank"
href="ftp://germany.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall">Browse</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>France</td>
<td>Shorewall.net</td>
<td><a
href="http://france.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/LATEST.lrp">Browse</a></td>
<td> <a target="_blank"
href="ftp://france.shorewall.net/pub/mirrors/shorewall/">Browse</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SourceForge<br>
</td>
<td>sf.net</td>
<td><a
href="http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=22587">Browse</a></td>
<td>N/A</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Taiwan<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">Greshko.com<br>
</td>
<td valign="top"><a
<td>Slovak Republic</td>
<td>Shorewall.net</td>
<td><a
href="http://slovakia.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/">Browse</a></td>
<td> <a target="_blank"
href="ftp://slovakia.shorewall.net/mirror/shorewall/">Browse</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Texas, USA</td>
<td>Infohiiway.com</td>
<td><a
href="http://shorewall.infohiiway.com/pub/shorewall">Browse</a></td>
<td><a target="_blank"
href="ftp://ftp.infohiiway.com/pub/shorewall/">Browse (Temporarily Unavailable)</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Hamburg, Germany</td>
<td>Shorewall.net</td>
<td><a
href="http://germany.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/">Browse</a></td>
<td><a target="_blank"
href="ftp://germany.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall">Browse</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>France</td>
<td>Shorewall.net</td>
<td><a
href="http://france.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/LATEST.lrp">Browse</a></td>
<td> <a target="_blank"
href="ftp://france.shorewall.net/pub/mirrors/shorewall/">Browse</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Taiwan<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">Greshko.com<br>
</td>
<td valign="top"><a
href="http://shorewall.greshko.com/pub/shorewall/">Browse<br>
</a></td>
<td valign="top"><a
</a></td>
<td valign="top"><a
href="ftp://shorewall.greshko.com/pub/shorewall/" target="_top">Browse</a><br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Argentina<br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Argentina<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">Shorewall.net<br>
</td>
<td valign="top"><a
href="http://argentina.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/shorewall">Browse</a><br>
</td>
<td valign="top">N/A<br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Brazil<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">Shorewall.net<br>
<td valign="top">securityopensource.org.br<br>
</td>
<td valign="top"><a
href="http://argentina.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/shorewall">Browse</a><br>
href="http://shorewall.securityopensource.org.br/pub/shorewall/">Browse</a><br>
</td>
<td valign="top">N/A<br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Brazil<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">securityopensource.org.br<br>
</td>
<td valign="top"><a
href="http://shorewall.securityopensource.org.br/pub/shorewall/">Browse</a><br>
</td>
<td valign="top">N/A<br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Washington State, USA</td>
<td>Shorewall.net</td>
<td><a
<td>Washington State, USA</td>
<td>Shorewall.net</td>
<td><a
href="http://www.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/">Browse</a></td>
<td><a
<td><a
href="ftp://ftp.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/" target="_blank">Browse</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<p align="left"><b>CVS:</b></p>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p align="left">The <a target="_top"
href="http://cvs.shorewall.net/Shorewall_CVS_Access.html">CVS repository
at cvs.shorewall.net</a> contains the latest snapshots of the
each Shorewall component. There's no guarantee that what you
find there will work at all.<br>
</p>
</blockquote>
href="http://cvs.shorewall.net/Shorewall_CVS_Access.html">CVS repository
at cvs.shorewall.net</a> contains the latest snapshots of the
each Shorewall component. There's no guarantee that what you find
there will work at all.<br>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p align="left"><b>Shapshots:<br>
</b></p>
<blockquote>
</b></p>
<blockquote>
<p align="left">Periodic snapshots from CVS may be found at <a
href="http://shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/Snapshots/">http://shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/Snapshots</a>
(<a href="ftp://shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/Snapshots/" target="_top">FTP</a>).
These snapshots have undergone initial testing and will have been installed
and run at shorewall.net.<br>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p align="left"><font size="2">Last Updated 7/15/2003 - <a
href="http://shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/Snapshots/">http://shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/Snapshots</a>
(<a href="ftp://shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/Snapshots/" target="_top">FTP</a>).
These snapshots have undergone initial testing and will have been installed
and run at shorewall.net.<br>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p align="left"><font size="2">Last Updated 8/4/2003 - <a
href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a></font></p>
<p><a href="copyright.htm"><font size="2">Copyright</font> © <font
size="2">2001, 2002, 2003 Thomas M. Eastep.</font></a><br>
</p>
</p>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>

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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
<title>Shorewall 1.4 Errata</title>
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 5.0">
<meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document">
<meta name="Microsoft Theme" content="none">
<meta name="author" content="Tom Eastep">
</head>
<body>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
style="border-collapse: collapse;" width="100%" id="AutoNumber1"
bgcolor="#3366ff" height="90">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="100%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="100%">
<h1 align="center"><font color="#ffffff">Shorewall Errata/Upgrade Issues</font></h1>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p align="center"> <b><u>IMPORTANT</u></b></p>
<ol>
<li>
<p align="left"> <b><u>I</u>f you use a Windows system to download
a corrected script, be sure to run the script through
<u> <a
<li>
<p align="left"> <b><u>I</u>f you use a Windows system to download
a corrected script, be sure to run the script through
<u> <a
href="http://www.megaloman.com/%7Ehany/software/hd2u/"
style="text-decoration: none;"> dos2unix</a></u> after you have moved
it to your Linux system.</b></p>
</li>
<li>
<p align="left"> <b>If you are installing Shorewall for the
first time and plan to use the .tgz and install.sh script, you can
untar the archive, replace the 'firewall' script in the untarred directory
with the one you downloaded below, and then run install.sh.</b></p>
</li>
<li>
<p align="left"> <b>When the instructions say to install a corrected
firewall script in /usr/share/shorewall/firewall, you
may rename the existing file before copying in the new file.</b></p>
</li>
<li>
<p align="left"><b><font color="#ff0000">DO NOT INSTALL CORRECTED COMPONENTS
ON A RELEASE EARLIER THAN THE ONE THAT THEY ARE LISTED UNDER BELOW.
For example, do NOT install the 1.3.9a firewall script if you are
running 1.3.7c.</font></b><br>
</p>
</li>
style="text-decoration: none;"> dos2unix</a></u> after you have moved
it to your Linux system.</b></p>
</li>
<li>
<p align="left"> <b>If you are installing Shorewall for the first
time and plan to use the .tgz and install.sh script, you can untar
the archive, replace the 'firewall' script in the untarred directory
with the one you downloaded below, and then run install.sh.</b></p>
</li>
<li>
<p align="left"> <b>When the instructions say to install a corrected
firewall script in /usr/share/shorewall/firewall,
you may rename the existing file before copying in the new file.</b></p>
</li>
<li>
<p align="left"><b><font color="#ff0000">DO NOT INSTALL CORRECTED COMPONENTS
ON A RELEASE EARLIER THAN THE ONE THAT THEY ARE LISTED UNDER
BELOW. For example, do NOT install the 1.3.9a firewall script
if you are running 1.3.7c.</font></b><br>
</p>
</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><b><a href="upgrade_issues.htm">Upgrade
Issues</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="#V1.4">Problems in Version 1.4</a></b><br>
</li>
<li> <b><a
<li><b><a
href="upgrade_issues.htm">Upgrade Issues</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="#V1.4">Problems in Version 1.4</a></b><br>
</li>
<li> <b><a
href="errata_3.html">Problems in Version 1.3</a></b></li>
<li> <b><a
<li> <b><a
href="errata_2.htm">Problems in Version 1.2</a></b></li>
<li> <b><font
<li> <b><font
color="#660066"> <a href="errata_1.htm">Problems in Version 1.1</a></font></b></li>
<li> <b><font
color="#660066"><a href="#iptables"> Problem with iptables version 1.2.3
on RH7.2</a></font></b></li>
<li> <b><a
href="#Debug">Problems with kernels &gt;= 2.4.18 and
RedHat iptables</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="#SuSE">Problems installing/upgrading
RPM on SuSE</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="#Multiport">Problems
with iptables version 1.2.7 and MULTIPORT=Yes</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="#NAT">Problems with RH Kernel
2.4.18-10 and NAT</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="#REJECT">Problems with RH Kernels after 2.4.20-9 and
REJECT (also applies to 2.4.21-RC1) <img src="images/new10.gif"
<li> <b><font
color="#660066"><a href="#iptables"> Problem with iptables version 1.2.3
on RH7.2</a></font></b></li>
<li> <b><a
href="#Debug">Problems with kernels &gt;= 2.4.18 and RedHat
iptables</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="#SuSE">Problems installing/upgrading
RPM on SuSE</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="#Multiport">Problems
with iptables version 1.2.7 and MULTIPORT=Yes</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="#NAT">Problems with RH Kernel
2.4.18-10 and NAT</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="#REJECT">Problems with RH Kernels after 2.4.20-9 and
REJECT (also applies to 2.4.21-RC1) <img src="images/new10.gif"
alt="(New)" width="28" height="12" border="0">
</a><br>
</b></li>
</a><br>
</b></li>
</ul>
<hr>
<hr>
<h2 align="left"><a name="V1.4"></a>Problems in Version 1.4</h2>
<h3></h3>
<h3>1.4.4b</h3>
<h3>1.4.6</h3>
<ul>
<li>Shorewall is ignoring records in /etc/shorewall/routestopped that
have an empty second column (HOSTS). This problem may be corrected by installing
<a
<li>If TC_ENABLED is set to yes in shorewall.conf then Shorewall would
fail to start with the error "ERROR:  Traffic Control requires Mangle";
that problem has been corrected in <a
href="http://shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/1.4.6/firewall">this firewall
script</a> which may be installed in /var/share/shorewall/firewall as described
above. This problem is also corrected in bugfix release 1.4.6a.</li>
<li>This problem occurs in all versions supporting traffic control. If
a MAC address is used in the SOURCE column, an error occurs as follows:<br>
<br>
     <font size="3"><tt>iptables v1.2.8: Bad mac adress `00:08:B5:35:52:E7-d`</tt></font><br>
<br>
For Shorewall 1.4.6 and 1.4.6a users, this problem has been corrected in
<a href="http://shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/1.4.6/firewall">this
firewall script</a> which may be installed in /var/share/shorewall/firewall
as described above. For all other versions, you will have to edit your 'firewall'
script (in versions 1.4.*, it is located in /usr/share/shorewall/firewall).
Locate the function add_tcrule_() and in that function, replace this line:<br>
<br>
    r=`mac_match $source` <br>
<br>
with<br>
<br>
     r="`mac_match $source` "<br>
<br>
Note that there must be a space before the ending quote!<br>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>1.4.4b</h3>
<ul>
<li>Shorewall is ignoring records in /etc/shorewall/routestopped
that have an empty second column (HOSTS). This problem may be corrected
by installing <a
href="ftp://ftp1.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/1.4.4b/firewall"
target="_top">this firewall script</a> in /usr/share/shorewall/firewall
as described above.</li>
<li>The INCLUDE directive doesn't work when placed in the /etc/shorewall/zones
file. This problem may be corrected by installing <a
target="_top">this firewall script</a> in /usr/share/shorewall/firewall as
described above.</li>
<li>The INCLUDE directive doesn't work when placed in the /etc/shorewall/zones
file. This problem may be corrected by installing <a
href="ftp://ftp1.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/1.4.4b/functions"
target="_top">this functions script</a> in /usr/share/shorewall/functions.<br>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>1.4.4-1.4.4a</h3>
<ul>
<li>Log messages are being displayed on the system console even though
the log level for the console is set properly according to <a
href="FAQ.htm#faq16">FAQ 16</a>. This problem may be corrected by installing
<a
href="ftp://ftp1.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/1.4.4a/firewall"
target="_top">this firewall script</a> in /usr/share/shorewall/firewall
as described above.<br>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>1.4.4-1.4.4a</h3>
<ul>
<li>Log messages are being displayed on the system console even
though the log level for the console is set properly according to <a
href="FAQ.htm#faq16">FAQ 16</a>. This problem may be corrected by installing
<a
href="ftp://ftp1.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/1.4.4a/firewall"
target="_top">this firewall script</a> in /usr/share/shorewall/firewall as
described above.<br>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>1.4.4<br>
</h3>
</h3>
<ul>
<li> If you have zone names that are 5 characters long, you may experience
problems starting Shorewall because the --log-prefix in a logging rule is
too long. Upgrade to Version 1.4.4a to fix this problem..</li>
<li> If you have zone names that are 5 characters long, you may
experience problems starting Shorewall because the --log-prefix in a logging
rule is too long. Upgrade to Version 1.4.4a to fix this problem..</li>
</ul>
<h3>1.4.3</h3>
<ul>
<li>The LOGMARKER variable introduced in version 1.4.3 was intended
to allow integration of Shorewall with Fireparse (http://www.firewparse.com).
Unfortunately, LOGMARKER only solved part of the integration problem.
I have implimented a new LOGFORMAT variable which will replace LOGMARKER
which has completely solved this problem and is currently in production
with fireparse here at shorewall.net. The updated files may be found at
<a
href="ftp://ftp1.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/1.4.3/fireparse/"
target="_top">ftp://ftp1.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/1.4.3/fireparse/</a>.
See the 0README.txt file for details.<br>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>1.4.2</h3>
<ul>
<li>When an 'add' or 'delete' command is executed, a temporary
directory created in /tmp is not being removed. This problem may be corrected
by installing <a
href="ftp://ftp.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/1.4.2/firewall"
target="_top">this firewall script</a> in /usr/share/shorewall/firewall
as described above. <br>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>1.4.1a, 1.4.1 and 1.4.0</h3>
<ul>
<li>Some TCP requests are rejected in the 'common' chain with
an ICMP port-unreachable response rather than the more appropriate TCP
RST response. This problem is corrected in <a
href="ftp://ftp.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/1.4.1a/common.def"
target="_top">this updated common.def file</a> which may be installed in
/etc/shorewall/common.def.<br>
<li>The LOGMARKER variable introduced in version 1.4.3 was intended
to allow integration of Shorewall with Fireparse (http://www.firewparse.com).
Unfortunately, LOGMARKER only solved part of the integration problem.
I have implimented a new LOGFORMAT variable which will replace LOGMARKER
which has completely solved this problem and is currently in production
with fireparse here at shorewall.net. The updated files may be found at
<a
href="ftp://ftp1.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/1.4.3/fireparse/"
target="_top">ftp://ftp1.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/1.4.3/fireparse/</a>.
See the 0README.txt file for details.<br>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>1.4.1</h3>
<ul>
<li>When a "shorewall check" command is executed, each "rule"
produces the harmless additional message:<br>
<br>
     /usr/share/shorewall/firewall: line 2174: [: =: unary operator
expected<br>
<br>
You may correct the problem by installing <a
href="ftp://ftp.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/1.4.1/firewall"
target="_top">this corrected script</a> in /usr/share/shorewall/firewall
as described above.<br>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>1.4.0</h3>
<h3>1.4.2</h3>
<ul>
<li>When running under certain shells Shorewall will attempt
to create ECN rules even when /etc/shorewall/ecn is empty. You may either
just remove /etc/shorewall/ecn or you can install <a
href="http://www.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/1.4.0/firewall">this
correct script</a> in /usr/share/shorewall/firewall as described above.<br>
<li>When an 'add' or 'delete' command is executed, a temporary
directory created in /tmp is not being removed. This problem may be corrected
by installing <a
href="ftp://ftp.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/1.4.2/firewall"
target="_top">this firewall script</a> in /usr/share/shorewall/firewall as
described above. <br>
</li>
</ul>
<hr width="100%" size="2">
<h2 align="left"><a name="Upgrade"></a>Upgrade Issues</h2>
<p align="left">The upgrade issues have moved to <a
href="upgrade_issues.htm">a separate page</a>.</p>
<hr>
<h3 align="left"><a name="iptables"></a><font color="#660066"> Problem with
iptables version 1.2.3</font></h3>
<blockquote>
<p align="left">There are a couple of serious bugs in iptables 1.2.3 that
prevent it from working with Shorewall. Regrettably,
RedHat released this buggy iptables in RedHat 7.2. </p>
<p align="left"> I have built a <a
href="ftp://ftp.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/iptables-1.2.3-3.i386.rpm">
corrected 1.2.3 rpm which you can download here</a>  and
I have also built an <a
href="ftp://ftp.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/iptables-1.2.4-1.i386.rpm">
iptables-1.2.4 rpm which you can download here</a>. If you are currently
running RedHat 7.1, you can install either of these RPMs
<b><u>before</u> </b>you upgrade to RedHat 7.2.</p>
<p align="left"><font color="#ff6633"><b>Update 11/9/2001: </b></font>RedHat
has released an iptables-1.2.4 RPM of their own which you
can download from<font color="#ff6633"> <a
href="http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2001-144.html">http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2001-144.html</a>.
</font>I have installed this RPM on my firewall and it
works fine.</p>
<p align="left">If you would like to patch iptables 1.2.3 yourself,
the patches are available for download. This <a
href="ftp://ftp.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/iptables-1.2.3/loglevel.patch">patch</a>
which corrects a problem with parsing of the --log-level
specification while this <a
href="ftp://ftp.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/iptables-1.2.3/tos.patch">patch</a>
corrects a problem in handling the  TOS target.</p>
<p align="left">To install one of the above patches:</p>
<ul>
<li>cd iptables-1.2.3/extensions</li>
<li>patch -p0 &lt; <i>the-patch-file</i></li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<h3><a name="Debug"></a>Problems with kernels &gt;= 2.4.18
and RedHat iptables</h3>
<blockquote>
<p>Users who use RedHat iptables RPMs and who upgrade to kernel 2.4.18/19
may experience the following:</p>
<blockquote>
<pre># shorewall start<br>Processing /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf ...<br>Processing /etc/shorewall/params ...<br>Starting Shorewall...<br>Loading Modules...<br>Initializing...<br>Determining Zones...<br>Zones: net<br>Validating interfaces file...<br>Validating hosts file...<br>Determining Hosts in Zones...<br>Net Zone: eth0:0.0.0.0/0<br>iptables: libiptc/libip4tc.c:380: do_check: Assertion<br>`h-&gt;info.valid_hooks == (1 &lt;&lt; 0 | 1 &lt;&lt; 3)' failed.<br>Aborted (core dumped)<br>iptables: libiptc/libip4tc.c:380: do_check: Assertion<br>`h-&gt;info.valid_hooks == (1 &lt;&lt; 0 | 1 &lt;&lt; 3)' failed.<br>Aborted (core dumped)<br></pre>
</blockquote>
<p>The RedHat iptables RPM is compiled with debugging enabled but the
user-space debugging code was not updated to reflect recent changes in
the Netfilter 'mangle' table. You can correct the problem by
installing <a
href="http://www.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/iptables-1.2.5-1.i386.rpm">
this iptables RPM</a>. If you are already running a 1.2.5
version of iptables, you will need to specify the --oldpackage
option to rpm (e.g., "iptables -Uvh --oldpackage iptables-1.2.5-1.i386.rpm").</p>
</blockquote>
<h3><a name="SuSE"></a>Problems installing/upgrading
RPM on SuSE</h3>
<p>If you find that rpm complains about a conflict with kernel &lt;=
2.2 yet you have a 2.4 kernel installed, simply use the
"--nodeps" option to rpm.</p>
<p>Installing: rpm -ivh --nodeps <i>&lt;shorewall rpm&gt;</i></p>
<p>Upgrading: rpm -Uvh --nodeps <i>&lt;shorewall rpm&gt;</i></p>
<h3><a name="Multiport"></a><b>Problems with iptables version 1.2.7 and
MULTIPORT=Yes</b></h3>
<p>The iptables 1.2.7 release of iptables has made an incompatible
change to the syntax used to specify multiport match rules;
as a consequence, if you install iptables 1.2.7 you
must be running Shorewall 1.3.7a or later or:</p>
<h3>1.4.1a, 1.4.1 and 1.4.0</h3>
<ul>
<li>set
MULTIPORT=No in /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf;
or </li>
<li>if you
are running Shorewall 1.3.6 you may
install <a
href="http://www.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/1.3.6/firewall">
this firewall script</a> in /var/lib/shorewall/firewall
as described above.</li>
<li>Some TCP requests are rejected in the 'common' chain with
an ICMP port-unreachable response rather than the more appropriate TCP
RST response. This problem is corrected in <a
href="ftp://ftp.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/1.4.1a/common.def"
target="_top">this updated common.def file</a> which may be installed in
/etc/shorewall/common.def.<br>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>1.4.1</h3>
<ul>
<li>When a "shorewall check" command is executed, each "rule"
produces the harmless additional message:<br>
<br>
     /usr/share/shorewall/firewall: line 2174: [: =: unary operator
expected<br>
<br>
You may correct the problem by installing <a
href="ftp://ftp.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/1.4.1/firewall"
target="_top">this corrected script</a> in /usr/share/shorewall/firewall
as described above.<br>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>1.4.0</h3>
<ul>
<li>When running under certain shells Shorewall will attempt
to create ECN rules even when /etc/shorewall/ecn is empty. You may
either just remove /etc/shorewall/ecn or you can install <a
href="http://www.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/1.4.0/firewall">this
correct script</a> in /usr/share/shorewall/firewall as described above.<br>
</li>
</ul>
<hr width="100%" size="2">
<h2 align="left"><a name="Upgrade"></a>Upgrade Issues</h2>
<p align="left">The upgrade issues have moved to <a
href="upgrade_issues.htm">a separate page</a>.</p>
<hr>
<h3 align="left"><a name="iptables"></a><font color="#660066"> Problem with
iptables version 1.2.3</font></h3>
<blockquote>
<p align="left">There are a couple of serious bugs in iptables 1.2.3 that
prevent it from working with Shorewall. Regrettably,
RedHat released this buggy iptables in RedHat 7.2. </p>
<p align="left"> I have built a <a
href="ftp://ftp.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/iptables-1.2.3-3.i386.rpm">
corrected 1.2.3 rpm which you can download here</a>  and
I have also built an <a
href="ftp://ftp.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/iptables-1.2.4-1.i386.rpm">
iptables-1.2.4 rpm which you can download here</a>. If you are currently
running RedHat 7.1, you can install either of these RPMs
<b><u>before</u> </b>you upgrade to RedHat 7.2.</p>
<p align="left"><font color="#ff6633"><b>Update 11/9/2001: </b></font>RedHat
has released an iptables-1.2.4 RPM of their own which
you can download from<font color="#ff6633"> <a
href="http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2001-144.html">http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2001-144.html</a>.
</font>I have installed this RPM on my firewall and
it works fine.</p>
<p align="left">If you would like to patch iptables 1.2.3 yourself,
the patches are available for download. This <a
href="ftp://ftp.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/iptables-1.2.3/loglevel.patch">patch</a>
which corrects a problem with parsing of the --log-level
specification while this <a
href="ftp://ftp.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/iptables-1.2.3/tos.patch">patch</a>
corrects a problem in handling the  TOS target.</p>
<p align="left">To install one of the above patches:</p>
<ul>
<li>cd iptables-1.2.3/extensions</li>
<li>patch -p0 &lt; <i>the-patch-file</i></li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<h3><a name="Debug"></a>Problems with kernels &gt;= 2.4.18 and
RedHat iptables</h3>
<blockquote>
<p>Users who use RedHat iptables RPMs and who upgrade to kernel 2.4.18/19
may experience the following:</p>
<blockquote>
<pre># shorewall start<br>Processing /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf ...<br>Processing /etc/shorewall/params ...<br>Starting Shorewall...<br>Loading Modules...<br>Initializing...<br>Determining Zones...<br>Zones: net<br>Validating interfaces file...<br>Validating hosts file...<br>Determining Hosts in Zones...<br>Net Zone: eth0:0.0.0.0/0<br>iptables: libiptc/libip4tc.c:380: do_check: Assertion<br>`h-&gt;info.valid_hooks == (1 &lt;&lt; 0 | 1 &lt;&lt; 3)' failed.<br>Aborted (core dumped)<br>iptables: libiptc/libip4tc.c:380: do_check: Assertion<br>`h-&gt;info.valid_hooks == (1 &lt;&lt; 0 | 1 &lt;&lt; 3)' failed.<br>Aborted (core dumped)<br></pre>
</blockquote>
<p>The RedHat iptables RPM is compiled with debugging enabled but the
user-space debugging code was not updated to reflect recent changes in
the Netfilter 'mangle' table. You can correct the problem by
installing <a
href="http://www.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/iptables-1.2.5-1.i386.rpm">
this iptables RPM</a>. If you are already running a
1.2.5 version of iptables, you will need to specify the
--oldpackage option to rpm (e.g., "iptables -Uvh --oldpackage
iptables-1.2.5-1.i386.rpm").</p>
</blockquote>
<h3><a name="SuSE"></a>Problems installing/upgrading
RPM on SuSE</h3>
<p>If you find that rpm complains about a conflict with kernel &lt;=
2.2 yet you have a 2.4 kernel installed, simply use the
"--nodeps" option to rpm.</p>
<p>Installing: rpm -ivh --nodeps <i>&lt;shorewall rpm&gt;</i></p>
<p>Upgrading: rpm -Uvh --nodeps <i>&lt;shorewall rpm&gt;</i></p>
<h3><a name="Multiport"></a><b>Problems with iptables version 1.2.7 and
MULTIPORT=Yes</b></h3>
<p>The iptables 1.2.7 release of iptables has made an incompatible
change to the syntax used to specify multiport match rules;
as a consequence, if you install iptables 1.2.7 you
must be running Shorewall 1.3.7a or later or:</p>
<ul>
<li>set
MULTIPORT=No in /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf;
or </li>
<li>if
you are running Shorewall 1.3.6 you may
install <a
href="http://www.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/1.3.6/firewall">
this firewall script</a> in /var/lib/shorewall/firewall
as described above.</li>
</ul>
<h3><a name="NAT"></a>Problems with RH Kernel 2.4.18-10 and NAT<br>
</h3>
/etc/shorewall/nat entries of the following form
will result in Shorewall being unable to start:<br>
<br>
</h3>
/etc/shorewall/nat entries of the following
form will result in Shorewall being unable to start:<br>
<br>
<pre>#EXTERNAL       INTERFACE       INTERNAL        ALL INTERFACES          LOCAL<br>192.0.2.22    eth0    192.168.9.22   yes     yes<br>#LAST LINE -- ADD YOUR ENTRIES ABOVE THIS LINE -- DO NOT REMOVE</pre>
Error message is:<br>
Error message is:<br>
<pre>Setting up NAT...<br>iptables: Invalid argument<br>Terminated<br><br></pre>
The solution is to put "no" in the LOCAL column.
Kernel support for LOCAL=yes has never worked properly and 2.4.18-10
has disabled it. The 2.4.19 kernel contains corrected support under
a new kernel configuraiton option; see <a
The solution is to put "no" in the LOCAL column.
Kernel support for LOCAL=yes has never worked properly and 2.4.18-10
has disabled it. The 2.4.19 kernel contains corrected support
under a new kernel configuraiton option; see <a
href="Documentation.htm#NAT">http://www.shorewall.net/Documentation.htm#NAT</a><br>
<br>
<h3><a name="REJECT"></a><b> Problems with RH Kernels after 2.4.20-9 and
REJECT (also applies to 2.4.21-RC1)</b></h3>
Beginning with errata kernel 2.4.20-13.9, "REJECT --reject-with tcp-reset"
is broken. The symptom most commonly seen is that REJECT rules act just
like DROP rules when dealing with TCP. A kernel patch and precompiled modules
to fix this problem are available at <a
<br>
<h3><a name="REJECT"></a><b> Problems with RH Kernels after 2.4.20-9 and REJECT
(also applies to 2.4.21-RC1)</b></h3>
Beginning with errata kernel 2.4.20-13.9, "REJECT --reject-with tcp-reset"
is broken. The symptom most commonly seen is that REJECT rules act just
like DROP rules when dealing with TCP. A kernel patch and precompiled modules
to fix this problem are available at <a
href="ftp://ftp1.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/kernel"
target="_top">ftp://ftp1.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/errata/kernel</a>.<br>
<hr>
<p><font size="2"> Last updated 6/13/2003 - <a href="support.htm">Tom
Eastep</a></font> </p>
<hr>
<p><font size="2"> Last updated 7/23/2003 - <a href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a></font>
</p>
<p><a href="copyright.htm"><font size="2">Copyright</font> © <font
size="2">2001, 2002, 2003 Thomas M. Eastep.</font></a><br>
</p>
</p>
<br>
<br>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
<title>Shorewall Kernel Configuration</title>
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 5.0">
<meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document">
</head>
<body>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
style="border-collapse: collapse;" bordercolor="#111111" width="100%"
id="AutoNumber1" bgcolor="#3366ff" height="90">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="100%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="100%">
<h1 align="center"><font color="#ffffff">Kernel Configuration</font></h1>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>For information regarding configuring and building GNU/Linux kernels,
see <a href="http://www.kernelnewbies.org">http://www.kernelnewbies.org</a>.</p>
<p>For information regarding configuring and building GNU/Linux kernels, see
<a href="http://www.kernelnewbies.org">http://www.kernelnewbies.org</a>.</p>
<p>Here's a screen shot of my Network Options Configuration:</p>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p> <img border="0" src="images/netopts.jpg" width="609" height="842">
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>While not all of the options that I've selected are required, they should
be sufficient for most applications. Here's an excerpt from the corresponding
.config file (Note: If you are running a kernel older than 2.4.17, be sure
to select CONFIG_NETLINK and CONFIG_RTNETLINK):</p>
<blockquote> <font size="2">
<p>#<br>
# Networking options<br>
#<br>
CONFIG_PACKET=y<br>
# CONFIG_PACKET_MMAP is not set<br>
# CONFIG_NETLINK_DEV is not set<br>
CONFIG_NETFILTER=y<br>
CONFIG_NETFILTER_DEBUG=y<br>
CONFIG_FILTER=y<br>
CONFIG_UNIX=y<br>
CONFIG_INET=y<br>
CONFIG_IP_MULTICAST=y<br>
CONFIG_IP_ADVANCED_ROUTER=y<br>
CONFIG_IP_MULTIPLE_TABLES=y<br>
CONFIG_IP_ROUTE_FWMARK=y<br>
CONFIG_IP_ROUTE_NAT=y<br>
CONFIG_IP_ROUTE_MULTIPATH=y<br>
CONFIG_IP_ROUTE_TOS=y<br>
CONFIG_IP_ROUTE_VERBOSE=y<br>
# CONFIG_IP_ROUTE_LARGE_TABLES is not set<br>
# CONFIG_IP_PNP is not set<br>
CONFIG_NET_IPIP=m<br>
CONFIG_NET_IPGRE=m<br>
# CONFIG_NET_IPGRE_GROADCAST is not set<br>
# CONFIG_IP_MROUTE is not set<br>
# CONFIG_ARPD is not set<br>
CONFIG_INET_ECN=y<br>
CONFIG_SYN_COOKIES=y</p>
</font> </blockquote>
<p>Here's a screen shot of my Netfilter configuration:</p>
<blockquote>
<p><img border="0" src="images/menuconfig.jpg" width="609"
height="842">
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Here's an excerpt from the corresponding .config file.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><font size="2">#<br>
# IP: Netfilter Configuration<br>
#<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_CONNTRACK=y<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_FTP=m<br>
# CONFIG_IP_NF_QUEUE is not set<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_IPTABLES=y<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_LIMIT=y<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_MAC=y<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_MARK=y<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_MULTIPORT=y<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_TOS=y<br>
# CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_TCPMSS is not set<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_STATE=y<br>
# CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_UNCLEAN is not set<br>
# CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_OWNER is not set<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_FILTER=y<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_REJECT=y<br>
# CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_MIRROR is not set<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_NAT=y<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_NAT_NEEDED=y<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_MASQUERADE=y<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_REDIRECT=y<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_NAT_FTP=m<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_MANGLE=y<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_TOS=y<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_MARK=y<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_LOG=y<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_TCPMSS=y<br>
# CONFIG_IPV6 is not set</font><font face="Courier"><br>
</font></p>
</blockquote>
<p>Note that I have built everything I need into the kernel except for the
FTP connection tracking and NAT modules. I have also run successfully with
all of the options selected above built as modules:</p>
<blockquote>
<p><img border="0" src="images/menuconfig1.jpg" width="609"
height="842">
</p>
<p><font size="2">#<br>
# IP: Netfilter Configuration<br>
#<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_CONNTRACK=m<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_FTP=m<br>
# CONFIG_IP_NF_QUEUE is not set<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_IPTABLES=m<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_LIMIT=m<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_MAC=m<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_MARK=m<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_MULTIPORT=m<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_TOS=m<br>
# CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_TCPMSS is not set<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_STATE=m<br>
# CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_UNCLEAN is not set<br>
# CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_OWNER is not set<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_FILTER=m<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_REJECT=m<br>
# CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_MIRROR is not set<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_NAT=m<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_NAT_NEEDED=m<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_MASQUERADE=m<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_REDIRECT=m<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_NAT_FTP=m<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_MANGLE=m<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_TOS=m<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_MARK=m<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_LOG=m<br>
CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_TCPMSS=m<br>
# CONFIG_IPV6 is not set<br>
</font></p>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p><font size="2">Last updated 3/10/2002 - </font><font size="2"> <a
<p>While not all of the options that I've selected are required, they should
be sufficient for most applications. Here's an excerpt from the corresponding
.config file (Note: If you are running a kernel older than 2.4.17, be sure
to select CONFIG_NETLINK and CONFIG_RTNETLINK):</p>
<blockquote> <font size="2">
<p>#<br>
# Networking options<br>
#<br>
CONFIG_PACKET=y<br>
# CONFIG_PACKET_MMAP is not set<br>
# CONFIG_NETLINK_DEV is not set<br>
CONFIG_NETFILTER=y<br>
# CONFIG_NETFILTER_DEBUG is not set<br>
CONFIG_FILTER=y<br>
CONFIG_UNIX=y<br>
CONFIG_INET=y<br>
CONFIG_IP_MULTICAST=y<br>
CONFIG_IP_ADVANCED_ROUTER=y<br>
CONFIG_IP_MULTIPLE_TABLES=y<br>
CONFIG_IP_ROUTE_FWMARK=y<br>
CONFIG_IP_ROUTE_NAT=y<br>
CONFIG_IP_ROUTE_MULTIPATH=y<br>
CONFIG_IP_ROUTE_TOS=y<br>
CONFIG_IP_ROUTE_VERBOSE=y<br>
# CONFIG_IP_ROUTE_LARGE_TABLES is not set<br>
# CONFIG_IP_PNP is not set<br>
CONFIG_NET_IPIP=y<br>
CONFIG_NET_IPGRE=y<br>
# CONFIG_NET_IPGRE_BROADCAST is not set<br>
# CONFIG_IP_MROUTE is not set<br>
# CONFIG_ARPD is not set<br>
CONFIG_INET_ECN=y<br>
CONFIG_SYN_COOKIES=y<br>
</p>
</font> </blockquote>
<p>Here's a screen shot of my Netfilter configuration:</p>
<blockquote>
<p><img src="images/menuconfig1.jpg" alt="(Netfilter Options)"
width="589" height="849">
<br>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Note that I have built everything I need as modules. You can also build
everything into your kernel but if you want to be able to deal with FTP running
on a non-standard port then I recommend that you modularize FTP Protocol
support.<br>
</p>
<p>Here's the corresponding part of my .config file:<br>
</p>
<blockquote>
<pre>#<br>#   IP: Netfilter Configuration<br>#<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_CONNTRACK=m<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_FTP=m<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_AMANDA=m<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_TFTP=m<br># CONFIG_IP_NF_IRC is not set<br># CONFIG_IP_NF_QUEUE is not set<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_IPTABLES=m<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_LIMIT=m<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_MAC=m<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_PKTTYPE=m<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_MARK=m<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_MULTIPORT=m<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_TOS=m<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_ECN=m<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_DSCP=m<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_AH_ESP=m<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_LENGTH=m<br># CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_TTL is not set<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_TCPMSS=m<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_HELPER=m<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_STATE=m<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_CONNTRACK=m<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_UNCLEAN=m<br># CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_OWNER is not set<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_FILTER=m<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_REJECT=m<br># CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_MIRROR is not set<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_NAT=m<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_NAT_NEEDED=y<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_MASQUERADE=m<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_REDIRECT=m<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_NAT_AMANDA=m<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_NAT_LOCAL=y<br># CONFIG_IP_NF_NAT_SNMP_BASIC is not set<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_NAT_FTP=m<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_NAT_TFTP=m<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_MANGLE=m<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_TOS=m<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_ECN=m<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_DSCP=m<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_MARK=m<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_LOG=m<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_ULOG=m<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_TCPMSS=m<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_ARPTABLES=m<br>CONFIG_IP_NF_ARPFILTER=m<br># CONFIG_IP_NF_COMPAT_IPCHAINS is not set<br># CONFIG_IP_NF_COMPAT_IPFWADM is not set<br></pre>
</blockquote>
<p><font size="2">Last updated 7/20/2003 - </font><font size="2"> <a
href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a></font> </p>
<a href="copyright.htm"><font size="2">Copyright</font> © <font
size="2">2001, 2002 Thomas M. Eastep.</font></a><br>
<a href="copyright.htm"><font size="2">Copyright</font> © <font
size="2">2001-2003,  Thomas M. Eastep.</font></a><br>
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</table>
<h1>REPORTING A PROBLEM OR ASKING FOR HELP? If you haven't already, please
read the <a href="http://www.shorewall.net/support.htm">Shorewall Support
Guide</a>.<br>
</h1>
<p align="left">If you experience problems with any of these lists, please
let <a href="mailto:postmaster@shorewall.net">me</a> know</p>
If you experience problems with any of these lists,
please let <a href="mailto:postmaster@shorewall.net">me</a>
know
<h2 align="left">Not able to Post Mail to shorewall.net?</h2>
<p align="left">You can report such problems by sending mail to tmeastep at
hotmail dot com.</p>
<h2>A Word about the SPAM Filters at Shorewall.net <a
href="http://osirusoft.com/"> </a></h2>
<p>Please note that the mail server at shorewall.net checks
incoming mail:<br>
</p>
</p>
<ol>
<li>against <a
<li>against <a
href="http://spamassassin.org">Spamassassin</a> (including <a
href="http://razor.sourceforge.net/">Vipul's Razor</a>).<br>
</li>
<li>to ensure that the sender address is fully
qualified.</li>
<li>to verify that the sender's domain has
an A or MX record in DNS.</li>
<li>to ensure that the host name in the HELO/EHLO
command is a valid fully-qualified DNS name that resolves.</li>
</li>
<li>to ensure that the sender address is
fully qualified.</li>
<li>to verify that the sender's domain has
an A or MX record in DNS.</li>
<li>to ensure that the host name in the HELO/EHLO
command is a valid fully-qualified DNS name.</li>
</ol>
<h2>Please post in plain text</h2>
A growing number of MTAs serving list subscribers are
rejecting all HTML traffic. At least one MTA has gone so far as to
blacklist shorewall.net "for continuous abuse" because it has been
my policy to allow HTML in list posts!!<br>
<br>
I think that blocking all HTML is a Draconian way to
control spam and that the ultimate losers here are not the spammers
but the list subscribers whose MTAs are bouncing all shorewall.net
mail. As one list subscriber wrote to me privately "These e-mail admin's
need to get a <i>(explitive deleted)</i> life instead of trying to rid
the planet of HTML based e-mail". Nevertheless, to allow subscribers
to receive list posts as must as possible, I have now configured the
list server at shorewall.net to strip all HTML from outgoing posts.
A growing number of MTAs serving list subscribers
are rejecting all HTML traffic. At least one MTA has gone so far
as to blacklist shorewall.net "for continuous abuse" because it has
been my policy to allow HTML in list posts!!<br>
<br>
I think that blocking all HTML is a Draconian way
to control spam and that the ultimate losers here are not the spammers
but the list subscribers whose MTAs are bouncing all shorewall.net
mail. As one list subscriber wrote to me privately "These e-mail admin's
need to get a <i>(explitive deleted)</i> life instead of trying to
rid the planet of HTML based e-mail". Nevertheless, to allow subscribers
to receive list posts as must as possible, I have now configured the
list server at shorewall.net to strip all HTML from outgoing posts.
This means that HTML-only posts will be bounced by the list server.<br>
<p align="left"> <b>Note: </b>The list server limits posts to 120kb.<br>
</p>
</p>
<h2>Other Mail Delivery Problems</h2>
If you find that you are missing an occasional list post,
your e-mail admin may be blocking mail whose <i>Received:</i> headers
contain the names of certain ISPs. Again, I believe that such policies
hurt more than they help but I'm not prepared to go so far as to start
stripping <i>Received:</i> headers to circumvent those policies.<br>
If you find that you are missing an occasional list
post, your e-mail admin may be blocking mail whose <i>Received:</i>
headers contain the names of certain ISPs. Again, I believe that such
policies hurt more than they help but I'm not prepared to go so far
as to start stripping <i>Received:</i> headers to circumvent those
policies.<br>
<h2 align="left">Mailing Lists Archive Search</h2>
<form method="post" action="http://lists.shorewall.net/cgi-bin/htsearch">
<p> <font size="-1"> Match:
<p> <font size="-1"> Match:
<select name="method">
<option value="and">All </option>
<option value="or">Any </option>
<option value="boolean">Boolean </option>
</select>
Format:
Format:
<select name="format">
<option value="builtin-long">Long </option>
<option value="builtin-short">Short </option>
</select>
Sort by:
Sort by:
<select name="sort">
<option value="score">Score </option>
<option value="time">Time </option>
@ -151,151 +150,135 @@ This means that HTML-only posts will be bounced by the list server.<br>
<option value="revtime">Reverse Time </option>
<option value="revtitle">Reverse Title </option>
</select>
</font> <input type="hidden"
</font> <input type="hidden"
name="config" value="htdig"> <input type="hidden" name="restrict"
value="[http://lists.shorewall.net/pipermail/.*]"> <input type="hidden"
name="exclude" value=""> <br>
Search: <input type="text" size="30"
Search: <input type="text" size="30"
name="words" value=""> <input type="submit" value="Search"> </p>
</form>
</form>
<h2 align="left"><font color="#ff0000">Please do not try to download the entire
Archive -- it is 75MB (and growing daily) and my slow DSL line simply won't
stand the traffic. If I catch you, you will be blacklisted.<br>
</font></h2>
</font></h2>
<h2 align="left">Shorewall CA Certificate</h2>
If you want to trust X.509 certificates issued
by Shoreline Firewall (such as the one used on my web site),
you may <a href="Shorewall_CA_html.html">download and install my CA certificate</a>
in your browser. If you don't wish to trust my certificates
then you can either use unencrypted access when subscribing to
Shorewall mailing lists or you can use secure access (SSL) and
If you want to trust X.509 certificates issued
by Shoreline Firewall (such as the one used on my web site),
you may <a href="Shorewall_CA_html.html">download and install my CA certificate</a>
in your browser. If you don't wish to trust my certificates
then you can either use unencrypted access when subscribing to
Shorewall mailing lists or you can use secure access (SSL) and
accept the server's certificate when prompted by your browser.<br>
<h2 align="left">Shorewall Users Mailing List</h2>
<p align="left">The Shorewall Users Mailing list provides a way for users
to get answers to questions and to report problems. Information
of general interest to the Shorewall user community is also
posted to this list.</p>
<p align="left"><b>Before posting a problem report to this list, please see
the <a href="http://www.shorewall.net/support.htm">problem
reporting guidelines</a>.</b></p>
<p align="left">To subscribe to the mailing list:<br>
</p>
<ul>
<li><b>Insecure: </b><a
href="http://lists.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-users">http://lists.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-users</a></li>
<li><b>SSL:</b> <a
href="https://lists.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-users"
target="_top">https//lists.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-users</a></li>
</ul>
<p align="left">To post to the list, post to <a
href="mailto:shorewall-users@lists.shorewall.net">shorewall-users@lists.shorewall.net</a>.</p>
to get answers to questions and to report problems. Information
of general interest to the Shorewall user community is also
posted to this list.</p>
<p align="left"><b>To post a problem report to this list or to subscribe to
the list, please see the <a
href="http://www.shorewall.net/support.htm">problem reporting guidelines</a>.</b></p>
<p align="left">The list archives are at <a
href="http://lists.shorewall.net/pipermail/shorewall-users/index.html">http://lists.shorewall.net/pipermail/shorewall-users</a>.</p>
<p align="left">Note that prior to 1/1/2002, the mailing list was hosted
at <a href="http://sourceforge.net">Sourceforge</a>. The archives from that
list may be found at <a
href="http://www.geocrawler.com/lists/3/Sourceforge/9327/0/">www.geocrawler.com/lists/3/Sourceforge/9327/0/</a>.</p>
<h2 align="left">Shorewall Announce Mailing List</h2>
<p align="left">This list is for announcements of general interest to the
Shorewall community. To subscribe:<br>
</p>
Shorewall community. To subscribe:<br>
</p>
<p align="left"></p>
<ul>
<li><b>Insecure:</b> <a
<li><b>Insecure:</b> <a
href="http://lists.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-announce">http://lists.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-announce</a></li>
<li><b>SSL</b>: <a
<li><b>SSL</b>: <a
href="https://lists.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-announce"
target="_top">https//lists.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-announce.</a></li>
</ul>
<p align="left"><br>
The list archives are at <a
The list archives are at <a
href="http://lists.shorewall.net/pipermail/shorewall-announce">http://lists.shorewall.net/pipermail/shorewall-announce</a>.</p>
<h2 align="left">Shorewall Development Mailing List</h2>
<p align="left">The Shorewall Development Mailing list provides a forum for
the exchange of ideas about the future of Shorewall and for
coordinating ongoing Shorewall Development.</p>
the exchange of ideas about the future of Shorewall and
for coordinating ongoing Shorewall Development.</p>
<p align="left">To subscribe to the mailing list:<br>
</p>
</p>
<ul>
<li><b>Insecure: </b><a
<li><b>Insecure: </b><a
href="http://lists.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-devel">http://lists.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-devel</a></li>
<li><b>SSL:</b> <a
<li><b>SSL:</b> <a
href="https://lists.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-devel"
target="_top">https//lists.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-devel.</a></li>
</ul>
<p align="left"> To post to the list, post to <a
href="mailto:shorewall-devel@lists.shorewall.net">shorewall-devel@lists.shorewall.net</a>. </p>
<p align="left">The list archives are at <a
href="http://lists.shorewall.net/pipermail/shorewall-devel">http://lists.shorewall.net/pipermail/shorewall-devel</a>.</p>
<h2 align="left"><a name="Unsubscribe"></a>How to Unsubscribe from one of
the Mailing Lists</h2>
the Mailing Lists</h2>
<p align="left">There seems to be near-universal confusion about unsubscribing
from Mailman-managed lists although Mailman 2.1 has attempted
to make this less confusing. To unsubscribe:</p>
from Mailman-managed lists although Mailman 2.1 has attempted
to make this less confusing. To unsubscribe:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<li>
<p align="left">Follow the same link above that you used to subscribe
to the list.</p>
</li>
<li>
to the list.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p align="left">Down at the bottom of that page is the following text:
" To <b>unsubscribe</b> from <i>&lt;list name&gt;</i>, get
a password reminder, or change your subscription options
" To <b>unsubscribe</b> from <i>&lt;list name&gt;</i>,
get a password reminder, or change your subscription options
enter your subscription email address:". Enter your email
address in the box and click on the "<b>Unsubscribe</b> or edit
options" button.</p>
</li>
<li>
</li>
<li>
<p align="left">There will now be a box where you can enter your password
and click on "Unsubscribe"; if you have forgotten your password,
there is another button that will cause your password to be
emailed to you.</p>
</li>
and click on "Unsubscribe"; if you have forgotten your
password, there is another button that will cause your password
to be emailed to you.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<hr>
<h2 align="left">Frustrated by having to Rebuild Mailman to use it with Postfix?</h2>
<p align="left"><a href="gnu_mailman.htm">Check out these instructions</a></p>
<p align="left"><font size="2">Last updated 7/7/2003 - <a
<p align="left"><font size="2">Last updated 8/7/2003 - <a
href="http://www.shorewall.net/support.htm">Tom Eastep</a></font></p>
<p align="left"><a href="copyright.htm"> <font size="2">Copyright</font> ©
<font size="2">2001, 2002, 2003 Thomas M. Eastep.</font></a><br>
</p>
<br>
</p>
<br>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
<title>Shorewall Port Information</title>
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 5.0">
<meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document">
</head>
<body>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
style="border-collapse: collapse;" bordercolor="#111111" width="100%"
id="AutoNumber1" bgcolor="#3366ff" height="90">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="100%">
<h1 align="center"><font color="#ffffff">Ports required for Various
Services/Applications</font></h1>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="100%">
<h1 align="center"><font color="#ffffff">Ports required for Various
Services/Applications</font></h1>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>In addition to those applications described in <a
href="Documentation.htm">the /etc/shorewall/rules documentation</a>, here
are some other services/applications that you may need to configure your
firewall to accommodate.</p>
href="Documentation.htm">the /etc/shorewall/rules documentation</a>, here
are some other services/applications that you may need to configure
your firewall to accommodate.</p>
<p>NTP (Network Time Protocol)</p>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>UDP Port 123</p>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<p>rdate</p>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>TCP Port 37</p>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<p>UseNet (NNTP)</p>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>TCP Port 119</p>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<p>DNS</p>
<blockquote>
<p>UDP Port 53. If you are configuring a DNS client, you will probably want
to open TCP Port 53 as well.<br>
If you are configuring a server, only open TCP Port 53 if you
will return long replies to queries or if you need to enable ZONE transfers. In
the latter case, be sure that your server is properly configured.</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>UDP Port 53. If you are configuring a DNS client, you will probably
want to open TCP Port 53 as well.<br>
If you are configuring a server, only open TCP Port 53 if
you will return long replies to queries or if you need to enable ZONE
transfers. In the latter case, be sure that your server is properly
configured.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>ICQ   </p>
<blockquote>
<p>UDP Port 4000. You will also need to open a range of TCP ports which
you can specify to your ICQ client. By default, clients use 4000-4100.</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>UDP Port 4000. You will also need to open a range of TCP ports which
you can specify to your ICQ client. By default, clients use 4000-4100.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>PPTP</p>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p><u>Protocol</u> 47 (NOT <u>port</u> 47) and TCP Port 1723 (<a
href="PPTP.htm">Lots more information here</a>).</p>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<p>IPSEC</p>
<blockquote>
<p><u>Protocols</u> 50 and 51 (NOT <u>ports</u> 50 and 51) and UDP Port
500. These should be opened in both directions (Lots more information
<a href="IPSEC.htm">here</a> and <a href="VPN.htm">here</a>).</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p><u>Protocols</u> 50 and 51 (NOT <u>ports</u> 50 and 51) and UDP Port
500. These should be opened in both directions (Lots more information
<a href="IPSEC.htm">here</a> and <a href="VPN.htm">here</a>).</p>
</blockquote>
<p>SMTP (Email)</p>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p> TCP Port 25.</p>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<p>RealPlayer<br>
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>UDP Port 6790 inbound<br>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>POP3</p>
<blockquote>
<p>TCP Port 110 (Secure = TCP Port 995)<br>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>IMAP<br>
</p>
<blockquote>TCP Port 143 (Secure = TCP Port 993)<br>
</blockquote>
<p>TELNET</p>
<blockquote>
<p>TCP Port 23.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>SSH</p>
<blockquote>
<p>TCP Port 22.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Auth (identd)</p>
<blockquote>
<p>TCP Port 113</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Web Access</p>
<blockquote>
<p>TCP Ports 80 and 443.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>FTP<br>
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>UDP Port 6790 inbound<br>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>POP3</p>
<blockquote>
<p>TCP Port 110 (Secure = TCP Port 995)<br>
<p>TCP port 21 plus <a href="FTP.html">look here for much more information</a>.<br>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>IMAP<br>
</p>
<blockquote>TCP Port 143 (Secure = TCP Port 993)<br>
</blockquote>
<p>TELNET</p>
<blockquote>
<p>TCP Port 23.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>SSH</p>
<blockquote>
<p>TCP Port 22.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Auth (identd)</p>
<blockquote>
<p>TCP Port 113</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Web Access</p>
<blockquote>
<p>TCP Ports 80 and 443.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>FTP</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Server configuration is covered on in <a
href="Documentation.htm#Rules">the /etc/shorewall/rules documentation</a>,</p>
<p>For a client, you must open outbound TCP port 21 and be sure that your
kernel is compiled to support FTP connection tracking. If you build
this support as a module, Shorewall will automatically load the module
from /var/lib/&lt;<i>kernel version</i>&gt;/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter. <br>
</p>
<p>If you run an FTP server on a nonstandard port or you need to access
such a server, then you must specify that port in /etc/shorewall/modules.
For example, if you run an FTP server that listens on port 49 then you
would have:<br>
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>loadmodule ip_conntrack_ftp ports=21,49<br>
loadmodule ip_nat_ftp ports=21,49<br>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Note that you MUST include port 21 in the <i>ports</i> list or you may
have problems accessing regular FTP servers.</p>
<p>If there is a possibility that these modules might be loaded before Shorewall
starts, then you should include the port list in /etc/modules.conf:<br>
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>options ip_conntrack_ftp ports=21,49<br>
options ip_nat_ftp ports=21,49<br>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p><b>IMPORTANT: </b>Once you have made these changes to /etc/shorewall/modules
and/or /etc/modules.conf, you must either:<br>
</p>
<ol>
<li>Unload the modules and restart shorewall: (<b><font
color="#009900">rmmod ip_nat_ftp; rmmod ip_conntrack_ftp; shorewall restart</font></b>);
or</li>
<li>Reboot<br>
</li>
</ol>
<p> </p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote> </blockquote>
<p>SMB/NMB (Samba/Windows Browsing/File Sharing)</p>
<blockquote> </blockquote>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>TCP Ports 137, 139 and 445.<br>
UDP Ports 137-139.<br>
<br>
Also, <a href="samba.htm">see this page</a>.</p>
</blockquote>
UDP Ports 137-139.<br>
<br>
Also, <a href="samba.htm">see this page</a>.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Traceroute</p>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>UDP ports 33434 through 33434+<i>&lt;max number of hops&gt;</i>-1<br>
ICMP type 8 ('ping')<br>
</p>
</blockquote>
ICMP type 8 ('ping')<br>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>NFS<br>
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>I personally use the following rules for opening access from zone z1
to a server with IP address a.b.c.d in zone z2:<br>
</p>
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>I personally use the following rules for opening access from zone z1
to a server with IP address a.b.c.d in zone z2:<br>
</p>
<pre>ACCEPT z1 z2:a.b.c.d udp 111<br>ACCEPT z1 z2:a.b.c.d tcp 111<br>ACCEPT z1 z2:a.b.c.d udp 2049<br>ACCEPT z1 z2:a.b.c.d udp 32700:<br></pre>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>Note that my rules only cover NFS using UDP (the normal case). There
is lots of additional information at  <a
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>Note that my rules only cover NFS using UDP (the normal case). There
is lots of additional information at  <a
href="http://nfs.sourceforge.net/nfs-howto/security.html"> http://nfs.sourceforge.net/nfs-howto/security.html</a></p>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<p>VNC<br>
</p>
<blockquote>
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>TCP port 5900 + &lt;display number&gt;</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Didn't find what you are looking for -- have you looked in your own /etc/services
file? </p>
</blockquote>
<p>Didn't find what you are looking for -- have you looked in your own /etc/services
file? </p>
<p>Still looking? Try <a
href="http://www.networkice.com/advice/Exploits/Ports"> http://www.networkice.com/advice/Exploits/Ports</a></p>
<p><font size="2">Last updated 7/16/2003 - </font><font size="2"> <a
<p><font size="2">Last updated 7/30/2003 - </font><font size="2"> <a
href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a></font> </p>
<a href="copyright.htm"><font size="2">Copyright</font> © <font
size="2">2001, 2002, 2003 Thomas M. Eastep.</font></a><br>
<a href="copyright.htm"><font size="2">Copyright</font> ©
<font size="2">2001, 2002, 2003 Thomas M. Eastep.</font></a><br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 5.0">
<meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document">
<title>Quotes from Shorewall Users</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
style="border-collapse: collapse;" bordercolor="#111111" width="100%"
id="AutoNumber1" bgcolor="#3366ff" height="90">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="100%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="100%">
<h1 align="center"><font color="#ffffff">Quotes from Shorewall Users</font></h1>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<font size="3">"I have fought with IPtables for untold hours. First I
tried the SuSE firewall, which worked for 80% of what I needed. Then gShield,
which also worked for 80%. Then I set out to write my own IPtables parser
in shell and awk, which was a lot of fun but never got me past the "hey,
cool" stage. Then I discovered Shorewall. After about an hour, everything
just worked. I am stunned, and very grateful"</font> -- ES, Phoenix AZ, USA.<br>
<p>"The configuration is intuitive and flexible, and much easier than any
of the other iptables-based firewall programs out there. After sifting through
many other scripts, it is obvious that yours is the most well thought-out
and complete one available." -- BC, USA</p>
<p>"I just installed Shorewall after weeks of messing with ipchains/iptables
and I had it up and running in under 20 minutes!" -- JL, Ohio<br>
</p>
"My case was almost like [the one above]. Well. instead of 'weeks' it
was 'months' for me, and I think I needed two minutes more:<br>
<ul>
<li>One to see that I had no Internet access from the firewall itself.</li>
<li>Other to see that this was the default configuration, and it was
enough to uncomment a line in /etc/shorewall/policy.<br>
</li>
<li><font size="3">"I have fought with IPtables for untold hours. First
I tried the SuSE firewall, which worked for 80% of what I needed. Then gShield,
which also worked for 80%. Then I set out to write my own IPtables parser
in shell and awk, which was a lot of fun but never got me past the "hey, cool"
stage. Then I discovered Shorewall. After about an hour, everything just
worked. I am stunned, and very grateful"</font> -- ES, Phoenix AZ, USA.<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>"The configuration is intuitive and flexible, and much easier than
any of the other iptables-based firewall programs out there. After sifting
through many other scripts, it is obvious that yours is the most well thought-out
and complete one available." -- BC, USA<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>"I just installed Shorewall after weeks of messing with ipchains/iptables
and I had it up and running in under 20 minutes!" -- JL, Ohio<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>"My case was almost like [the one above]. Well. instead of 'weeks'
it was 'months' for me, and I think I needed two minutes more:<br>
</li>
</ul>
Minutes instead of months! Congratulations and thanks for such a simple
and well documented thing for something as huge as iptables." -- JV, Spain.
<p>"I downloaded Shorewall 1.2.0 and installed it on Mandrake 8.1 without
any problems. Your documentation is great and I really appreciate your
network configuration info. That really helped me out alot. THANKS!!!"
-- MM. </p>
<p>"[Shorewall is a] great, great project. I've used/tested may firewall
scripts but this one is till now the best." -- B.R, Netherlands
</p>
<p>"Never in my +12 year career as a sys admin have I witnessed someone
so relentless in developing a secure, state of the art, safe and
useful product as the Shorewall firewall package for no cost or obligation
involved." -- Mario Kerecki, Toronto </p>
<p>"one time more to report, that your great shorewall in the latest release
1.2.9 is working fine for me with SuSE Linux 7.3! I now have 7 machines
up and running with shorewall on several versions - starting with 1.2.2
up to the new 1.2.9 and I never have encountered any problems!" -- SM,
Germany</p>
<p>"You have the best support of any other package I've ever used."
-- SE, US </p>
<p>"Because our company has information which has been classified by the
national government as secret, our security doesn't stop by putting a fence
around our company. Information security is a hot issue. We also make
use of checkpoint firewalls, but not all of the internet servers are guarded
by checkpoint, some of them are running....Shorewall." -- Name withheld
by request, Europe</p>
<p>"thanx for all your efforts you put into shorewall - this product stands
out against a lot of commercial stuff i´ve been working with in terms
of flexibillity, quality &amp; support" -- RM, Austria</p>
<p>"I have never seen such a complete firewall package that is so easy to
configure. I searched the Debian package system for firewall scripts and
Shorewall won hands down." -- RG, Toronto</p>
<p>"My respects... I've just found and installed Shorewall 1.3.3-1 and it
is a wonderful piece of software. I've just sent out an email to about
<ul>
<ul>
<li>One to see that I had no Internet access from the firewall itself.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Other to see that this was the default configuration, and it was
enough to uncomment a line in /etc/shorewall/policy.<br>
</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul>
<li> Minutes instead of months! Congratulations and thanks for such
a simple and well documented thing for something as huge as iptables." --
JV, Spain. </li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>"I downloaded Shorewall 1.2.0 and installed it on Mandrake 8.1
without any problems. Your documentation is great and I really appreciate
your network configuration info. That really helped me out alot. THANKS!!!"
-- MM. </li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>"[Shorewall is a] great, great project. I've used/tested may
firewall scripts but this one is till now the best." -- B.R, Netherlands
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>"Never in my +12 year career as a sys admin have I witnessed
someone so relentless in developing a secure, state of the art, safe and
useful product as the Shorewall firewall package for no cost or obligation
involved." -- Mario Kerecki, Toronto </li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>"one time more to report, that your great shorewall in the latest
release 1.2.9 is working fine for me with SuSE Linux 7.3! I now
have 7 machines up and running with shorewall on several versions
- starting with 1.2.2 up to the new 1.2.9 and I never have encountered
any problems!" -- SM, Germany</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>"You have the best support of any other package I've ever used."
-- SE, US </li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>"Because our company has information which has been classified by the
national government as secret, our security doesn't stop by putting a fence
around our company. Information security is a hot issue. We also make use
of checkpoint firewalls, but not all of the internet servers are guarded
by checkpoint, some of them are running....Shorewall." -- Name withheld
by request, Europe</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>"thanx for all your efforts you put into shorewall - this product stands
out against a lot of commercial stuff i´ve been working with in terms of
flexibillity, quality &amp; support" -- RM, Austria</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>"I have never seen such a complete firewall package that is so easy
to configure. I searched the Debian package system for firewall scripts
and Shorewall won hands down." -- RG, Toronto</li>
</ul>
<p></p>
<ul>
<li>"My respects... I've just found and installed Shorewall 1.3.3-1 and
it is a wonderful piece of software. I've just sent out an email to about
30 people recommending it. :-)<br>
While I had previously taken the time (maybe 40 hours) to really understand
ipchains, then spent at least an hour per server customizing and carefully
scrutinizing firewall rules, I've got shorewall running on my home firewall,
with rulesets and policies that I know make sense, in under 20 minutes."
<br>
While I had previously taken the time (maybe 40 hours) to really understand
ipchains, then spent at least an hour per server customizing and carefully
scrutinizing firewall rules, I've got shorewall running on my home firewall,
with rulesets and policies that I know make sense, in under 20 minutes."
-- RP, Guatamala<br>
<br>
 </p>
<p><font size="2" face="Century Gothic, Arial, Helvetica">Updated 7/1/2003
- <a href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a> </font>
</p>
<p><font face="Trebuchet MS"><a href="copyright.htm"><font size="2">Copyright</font>
</li>
</ul>
<p><font size="2" face="Century Gothic, Arial, Helvetica">Updated 7/1/2003
- <a href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a> </font>
</p>
<p><font face="Trebuchet MS"><a href="copyright.htm"><font size="2">Copyright</font>
© <font size="2">2001, 2002, 2003 Thomas M. Eastep.</font></a></font></p>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>

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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
<title>Shoreline Firewall (Shorewall) 1.4</title>
<base target="_self">
<base target="_self">
</head>
<body>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="4"
style="border-collapse: collapse;" width="100%" id="AutoNumber3"
bgcolor="#3366ff">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="33%" height="90"
valign="middle" align="left"><a href="http://www.cityofshoreline.com"><img
src="images/washington.jpg" alt="" width="97" height="80" hspace="4"
border="0">
</a></td>
<td valign="middle" width="34%" align="center"
bgcolor="#3366ff">
<div align="center">
<img
src="images/Logo1.png" alt="(Shorewall Logo)" width="430" height="90">
</div>
</td>
<td valign="middle" width="33%">
<h1 align="center"><a href="http://www.shorewall.net"
target="_top"><img border="0" src="images/shorewall.jpg" width="119"
height="38" hspace="4" alt="(Shorewall Logo)" align="right" vspace="4">
</a></h1>
<br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="33%" height="90" valign="middle" align="center"><a
href="http://www.cityofshoreline.com"> </a>
<div align="center"> <img src="images/Logo1.png"
alt="(Shorewall Logo)" width="430" height="90" align="middle"> </div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div align="center">
<div align="center"> </div>
<center>
<div align="center"> </div>
<div align="center">
<div align="center"> </div>
<center>
<div align="center"> </div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
style="border-collapse: collapse;" width="100%" id="AutoNumber4">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="90%">
<div align="center">
<br>
</div>
<h2 align="left">What is it?</h2>
<p>The Shoreline Firewall, more commonly known as "Shorewall", is a
<a href="http://www.netfilter.org">Netfilter</a> (iptables) based firewall
that can be used on a dedicated firewall system, a multi-function
gateway/router/server or on a standalone GNU/Linux system.</p>
<p>This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of <a
href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">Version 2 of the GNU
General Public License</a> as published by the Free Software
Foundation.<br>
<br>
This program is distributed
in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without
even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
See the GNU General Public License for more
details.<br>
<br>
You should have received a
copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not,
write to the Free Software Foundation,
Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139,
USA</p>
<p><a href="copyright.htm">Copyright 2001, 2002, 2003 Thomas M. Eastep</a></p>
<h2>This is the Shorewall 1.4 Web Site</h2>
The information on this site applies only to 1.4.x releases of Shorewall.
For older versions:<br>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="90%">
<h2>Introduction<br>
</h2>
<ul>
<li>The 1.3 site is <a
href="http://www.shorewall.net/1.3" target="_top">here.</a></li>
<li>The 1.2 site is <a href="http://shorewall.net/1.2/"
target="_top">here</a>.<br>
</li>
<li><a href="http://www.netfilter.org">Netfilter</a> - the
packet filter facility built into the 2.4 and later Linux kernels.</li>
<li>ipchains - the packet filter facility built into the 2.2
Linux kernels. Also the name of the utility program used to configure
and control that facility. Netfilter can be used in ipchains
compatibility mode.<br>
</li>
<li>iptables - the utility program used to configure and
control
Netfilter. The term 'iptables' is often used to refer to the
combination of iptables+Netfilter (with Netfilter not in
ipchains compatibility mode).<br>
</li>
</ul>
The Shoreline Firewall, more commonly known as "Shorewall", is
high-level tool for configuring Netfilter. You describe your
firewall/gateway requirements using entries in a set of configuration
files. Shorewall reads those configuration files and with the help of
the iptables utility, Shorewall configures Netfilter to match your
requirements. Shorewall can be used on a dedicated firewall system, a
multi-function gateway/router/server or on a standalone GNU/Linux
system. Shorewall does not use Netfilter's ipchains compatibility mode
and can thus take advantage of Netfilter's connection state tracking
capabilities.<br>
<br>
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">Version
2 of the GNU
General Public License</a> as published by the Free Software Foundation.<br>
<p> This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
General Public License for more details.<br>
<br>
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA</p>
<p><a href="copyright.htm">Copyright 2001, 2002, 2003 Thomas M.
Eastep</a></p>
<h2>This is the Shorewall 1.4 Web Site</h2>
The information on this site applies only to 1.4.x releases of
Shorewall. For older versions:<br>
<ul>
<li>The 1.3 site is <a href="http://www.shorewall.net/1.3"
target="_top">here.</a></li>
<li>The 1.2 site is <a href="http://shorewall.net/1.2/"
target="_top">here</a>.<br>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>Getting Started with Shorewall</h2>
New to Shorewall? Start by selecting
the <a href="shorewall_quickstart_guide.htm">QuickStart Guide</a>
that most closely match your environment and follow the
step by step instructions.<br>
New to Shorewall? Start by selecting the <a
href="shorewall_quickstart_guide.htm">QuickStart Guide</a> that most
closely match your environment
and follow the step by step instructions.<br>
<h2>Looking for Information?</h2>
The <a href="shorewall_quickstart_guide.htm#Documentation">Documentation
Index</a> is a good place to start as is the Quick Search to your right.
The <a href="shorewall_quickstart_guide.htm#Documentation">Documentation
Index</a> is a good place to start as is the Quick Search to your
right.
<h2>Running Shorewall on Mandrake with a two-interface setup?</h2>
If so, the documentation<b> </b>on this site
will not apply directly to your setup. If you want to use the
documentation that you find here, you will want to consider uninstalling
what you have and installing a setup that matches the documentation
on this site. See the <a href="two-interface.htm">Two-interface
QuickStart Guide</a> for details.<br>
If so, the documentation<b> </b>on
this site will not apply directly to your setup. If you want
to use the documentation that you find here, you will want to consider
uninstalling what you have and installing a setup that matches the
documentation on this site. See the <a href="two-interface.htm">Two-interface
QuickStart Guide</a> for details.<br>
<h2>News</h2>
<p><b>8/9/2003 - Snapshot 1.4.6_20030809</b><b> <img
style="border: 0px solid ; width: 28px; height: 12px;"
src="images/new10.gif" alt="(New)" title=""></b><b> </b></p>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="http://shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/Snapshots/">http://shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/Snapshots/</a><br>
<a href="ftp://shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/Snapshots/"
target="_top">ftp://shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/Snapshots/</a></p>
</blockquote>
<b>Problems Corrected since version 1.4.6</b><br>
<ol>
<li>Corrected problem in 1.4.6 where the MANGLE_ENABLED
variable was being tested before it was set.</li>
<li>Corrected handling of MAC addresses in the SOURCE column of
the tcrules file. Previously, these addresses resulted in an invalid
iptables command.</li>
<li>The "shorewall stop" command is now disabled when
/etc/shorewall/startup_disabled exists. This prevents people from
shooting themselves in the foot prior to having configured Shorewall.</li>
<li>A change introduced in version 1.4.6 caused error messages
during "shorewall [re]start" when ADD_IP_ALIASES=Yes and ip addresses
were being added to a PPP interface; the addresses were successfully
added in spite of the messages.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br>
The firewall script has been modified to eliminate the error messages<br>
</li>
</ol>
<p><b>7/20/2003 - Shorewall-1.4.6</b><b> <img border="0"
src="images/new10.gif" width="28" height="12" alt="(New)">
<br>
</b></p>
<blockquote> </blockquote>
<p><b>Problems Corrected:</b><br>
</p>
<b>Migration Issues:</b><br>
<ol>
<li>A problem seen on RH7.3 systems where Shorewall encountered
start errors when started using the "service" mechanism has been worked
around.<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>Where a list of IP addresses appears in the DEST column
of a DNAT[-] rule, Shorewall incorrectly created multiple DNAT rules
in the nat table (one for each element in the list). Shorewall now correctly
creates a single DNAT rule with multiple "--to-destination" clauses.<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>Corrected a problem in Beta 1 where DNS names containing
a "-" were mis-handled when they appeared in the DEST column of a rule.<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>A number of problems with rule parsing have been corrected.
Corrections involve the handling of "z1!z2" in the SOURCE column as well
as lists in the ORIGINAL DESTINATION column.<br>
<li>Once you have installed this version of Shorewall, you must
restart Shorewall before you may use the 'drop', 'reject', 'allow' or
'save' commands.</li>
<li>To maintain strict compatibility with previous versions,
current uses of "shorewall drop" and "shorewall reject" should be
replaced with "shorewall dropall" and "shorewall rejectall" </li>
</ol>
<b>New Features:</b><br>
<ol>
<li>Shorewall now creates a dynamic blacklisting chain for each
interface defined in /etc/shorewall/interfaces. The 'drop' and 'reject'
commands use the routing table to determine which of these chains is to
be used for blacklisting the specified IP address(es).<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>The message "Adding rules for DHCP" is now suppressed if there
are no DHCP rules to add.<br>
</li>
</ol>
<p><b>Migration Issues:</b><br>
</p>
<ol>
<li>In earlier versions, an undocumented feature allowed
entries in the host file as follows:<br>
<br>
    z    eth1:192.168.1.0/24,eth2:192.168.2.0/24<br>
<br>
This capability was never documented and has been removed in 1.4.6
to allow entries of the following format:<br>
<br>
    z   eth1:192.168.1.0/24,192.168.2.0/24<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>The NAT_ENABLED, MANGLE_ENABLED and MULTIPORT options
have been removed from /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf. These capabilities
are now automatically detected by Shorewall (see below).<br>
</li>
</ol>
<p><b>New Features:</b><br>
</p>
<ol>
<li>A 'newnotsyn' interface option has been added. This
option may be specified in /etc/shorewall/interfaces and overrides the
setting NEWNOTSYN=No for packets arriving on the associated interface.<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>The means for specifying a range of IP addresses in
/etc/shorewall/masq to use for SNAT is now documented. ADD_SNAT_ALIASES=Yes
is enabled for address ranges.<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>Shorewall can now add IP addresses to subnets other
than the first one on an interface.<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>DNAT[-] rules may now be used to load balance (round-robin)
over a set of servers. Servers may be specified in a range of addresses
given as &lt;first address&gt;-&lt;last address&gt;.<br>
<br>
Example:<br>
<br>
    DNAT net loc:192.168.10.2-192.168.10.5 tcp 80<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>The NAT_ENABLED, MANGLE_ENABLED and MULTIPORT configuration
options have been removed and have been replaced by code that detects
whether these capabilities are present in the current kernel. The output
of the start, restart and check commands have been enhanced to report the
outcome:<br>
<br>
Shorewall has detected the following iptables/netfilter capabilities:<br>
   NAT: Available<br>
   Packet Mangling: Available<br>
   Multi-port Match: Available<br>
Verifying Configuration...<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>Support for the Connection Tracking Match Extension
has been added. This extension is available in recent kernel/iptables
releases and allows for rules which match against elements in netfilter's
connection tracking table. Shorewall automatically detects the availability
of this extension and reports its availability in the output of the start,
restart and check commands.<br>
<br>
Shorewall has detected the following iptables/netfilter capabilities:<br>
   NAT: Available<br>
   Packet Mangling: Available<br>
   Multi-port Match: Available<br>
   Connection Tracking Match: Available<br>
Verifying Configuration...<br>
<br>
If this extension is available, the ruleset generated by Shorewall
is changed in the following ways:</li>
<ul>
<li>To handle 'norfc1918' filtering, Shorewall will not
create chains in the mangle table but will rather do all 'norfc1918'
filtering in the filter table (rfc1918 chain).</li>
<li>Recall that Shorewall DNAT rules generate two netfilter
rules; one in the nat table and one in the filter table. If the Connection
Tracking Match Extension is available, the rule in the filter table is
extended to check that the original destination address was the same as
specified (or defaulted to) in the DNAT rule.<br>
<br>
</li>
</ul>
<li>The shell used to interpret the firewall script (/usr/share/shorewall/firewall)
may now be specified using the SHOREWALL_SHELL parameter in shorewall.conf.<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>An 'ipcalc' command has been added to /sbin/shorewall.<br>
<br>
      ipcalc [ &lt;address&gt; &lt;netmask&gt; | &lt;address&gt;/&lt;vlsm&gt;
]<br>
<br>
Examples:<br>
<br>
      [root@wookie root]# shorewall ipcalc 192.168.1.0/24<br>
         CIDR=192.168.1.0/24<br>
         NETMASK=255.255.255.0<br>
         NETWORK=192.168.1.0<br>
         BROADCAST=192.168.1.255<br>
      [root@wookie root]#<br>
<br>
      [root@wookie root]# shorewall ipcalc 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0<br>
         CIDR=192.168.1.0/24<br>
         NETMASK=255.255.255.0<br>
         NETWORK=192.168.1.0<br>
         BROADCAST=192.168.1.255<br>
      [root@wookie root]#<br>
<br>
Warning:<br>
<br>
If your shell only supports 32-bit signed arithmatic (ash or dash),
then the ipcalc command produces incorrect information for IP addresses
128.0.0.0-1 and for /1 networks. Bash should produce correct information
for all valid IP addresses.<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>An 'iprange' command has been added to /sbin/shorewall.
<br>
<br>
      iprange &lt;address&gt;-&lt;address&gt;<br>
<br>
This command decomposes a range of IP addressses into a list of
network and host addresses. The command can be useful if you need to construct
an efficient set of rules that accept connections from a range of network
addresses.<br>
<br>
Note: If your shell only supports 32-bit signed arithmetic (ash
or dash) then the range may not span 128.0.0.0.<br>
<br>
Example:<br>
<br>
      [root@gateway root]# shorewall iprange 192.168.1.4-192.168.12.9<br>
      192.168.1.4/30<br>
      192.168.1.8/29<br>
      192.168.1.16/28<br>
      192.168.1.32/27<br>
      192.168.1.64/26<br>
      192.168.1.128/25<br>
      192.168.2.0/23<br>
      192.168.4.0/22<br>
      192.168.8.0/22<br>
      192.168.12.0/29<br>
      192.168.12.8/31<br>
      [root@gateway root]#<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>A list of host/net addresses is now allowed in an entry
in /etc/shorewall/hosts.<br>
<br>
Example:<br>
<br>
    foo    eth1:192.168.1.0/24,192.168.2.0/24<br>
Two new commands ('dropall' and 'rejectall') have been introduced that
do what 'drop' and 'reject' used to do; namely, when an address is
blacklisted using these new commands, it will be blacklisted on all of
your firewall's interfaces.</li>
<li>Thanks to Steve Herber, the 'help' command can now give
command-specific help (e.g., shorewall help &lt;command&gt;).</li>
<li>A new option "ADMINISABSENTMINDED" has been added to
/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf. This option has a default value of "No"
for existing users which causes Shorewall's 'stopped' state &nbsp;to
continue as it has been; namely, in the stopped state only traffic
to/from hosts listed in /etc/shorewall/routestopped is accepted.<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>The "shorewall check" command now includes the chain name when
printing the applicable policy for each pair of zones.<br>
 <br>
    Example:<br>
 <br>
        Policy for dmz to net is REJECT using chain all2all<br>
 <br>
This means that the policy for connections from the dmz to the internet is
REJECT and the applicable entry in the /etc/shorewall/policy was the all-&gt;all
policy.<br>
With ADMINISABSENTMINDED=Yes (the default for new installs), in
addition to traffic to/from the hosts listed in
/etc/shorewall/routestopped, Shorewall will allow:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; a) All traffic originating from the firewall itself; and<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; b) All traffic that is part of or related to an
already-existing connection.<br>
<br>
&nbsp;In particular, with ADMINISABSENTMINDED=Yes, a "shorewall stop"
entered through an ssh session will not kill the session.<br>
<br>
&nbsp;Note though that even with ADMINISABSENTMINDED=Yes, it is still
possible for people to shoot themselves in the foot.<br>
<br>
&nbsp;Example:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;/etc/shorewall/nat:<br>
<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;206.124.146.178&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
eth0:0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 192.168.1.5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br>
<br>
&nbsp;/etc/shorewall/rules:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; ACCEPT&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; net&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
loc:192.168.1.5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; tcp&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 22<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; ACCEPT&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; loc&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
fw&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; tcp&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 22<br>
<br>
From a remote system, I ssh to 206.124.146.178 which establishes an SSH
connection with local system 192.168.1.5. I then create a second SSH
connection
from that computer to the firewall and confidently type "shorewall
stop".
As part of its stop processing, Shorewall removes eth0:0 which kills my
SSH
connection to 192.168.1.5!!!</li>
<li>Given the wide range of VPN software, I can never hope to
add specific support for all of it. I have therefore decided to add
"generic" tunnel support.<br>
&nbsp;<br>
Generic tunnels work pretty much like any of the other tunnel types.
You usually add a zone to represent the systems at the other end of the
tunnel and you add the appropriate rules/policies to<br>
implement your security policy regarding traffic to/from those systems.<br>
&nbsp;<br>
In the /etc/shorewall/tunnels file, you can have entries of the form:<br>
<br>
generic:&lt;protocol&gt;[:&lt;port&gt;]&nbsp; &lt;zone&gt;&nbsp; &lt;ip
address&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;gateway zones&gt;<br>
&nbsp;<br>
where:<br>
&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;protocol&gt; is the protocol
used by the tunnel<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;port&gt;&nbsp; if the protocol
is 'udp' or 'tcp' then this is the destination port number used by the
tunnel.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;zone&gt;&nbsp; is the zone of
the remote tunnel gateway<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;ip address&gt; is the IP
address of the remote tunnel gateway.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;gateway zone&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Optional. A comma-separated list of zone names. If specified, the
remote gateway is to be considered part of these zones.</li>
<li>An 'arp_filter' option has been added to the
/etc/shorewall/interfaces file. This option causes
/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/&lt;interface&gt;/arp_filter to be set with the
result that this interface will only answer ARP 'who-has' requests from
hosts that are routed out through that interface. Setting this option
facilitates testing of your firewall where multiple firewall interfaces
are connected to the same HUB/Switch (all interfaces connected to the
single HUB/Switch should have this option specified). Note that using
such a configuration in a production environment is strongly
recommended against.<br>
</li>
<li>Support for the 2.6 Kernel series has been added.<br>
</ol>
<p><b>8/5/2003 - Shorewall-1.4.6b</b><b> <img border="0"
src="images/new10.gif" width="28" height="12" alt="(New)"> <br>
</b></p>
<b>Problems Corrected since version 1.4.6:</b><br>
<ol>
<li>Previously, if TC_ENABLED is set to yes in shorewall.conf
then Shorewall would fail to start with the error "ERROR: &nbsp;Traffic
Control requires Mangle"; that problem has been corrected.</li>
<li>Corrected handling of MAC addresses in the SOURCE column of
the
tcrules file. Previously, these addresses resulted in an invalid
iptables
command.</li>
<li>The "shorewall stop" command is now disabled when
/etc/shorewall/startup_disabled
exists. This prevents people from shooting themselves in the foot prior
to
having configured Shorewall.</li>
<li>A change introduced in version 1.4.6 caused error messages
during
"shorewall [re]start" when ADD_IP_ALIASES=Yes and ip addresses were
being
added to a PPP interface; the addresses were successfully added in
spite
of the messages.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; <br>
The firewall script has been modified to eliminate the error messages.<br>
</li>
</ol>
<p><b>7/15/2003 - New Mirror in Brazil</b><b> <img border="0"
src="images/new10.gif" width="28" height="12" alt="(New)">
<br>
</b></p>
Thanks to the folks at securityopensource.org.br, there is now a <a
href="http://shorewall.securityopensource.org.br" target="_top">Shorewall
mirror in Brazil</a>.
<p><b>6/17/2003 - Shorewall-1.4.5</b><b> </b></p>
<p>Problems Corrected:<br>
</p>
<ol>
<li>The command "shorewall debug try &lt;directory&gt;"
now correctly traces the attempt.</li>
<li>The INCLUDE directive now works properly in the
zones file; previously, INCLUDE in that file was ignored.</li>
<li>/etc/shorewall/routestopped records with an empty
second column are no longer ignored.<br>
</li>
</ol>
<p>New Features:<br>
</p>
<ol>
<li>The ORIGINAL DEST column in a DNAT[-] or REDIRECT[-]
rule may now contain a list of addresses. If the list begins with
"!' then the rule will take effect only if the original destination
address in the connection request does not match any of the addresses
listed.</li>
</ol>
<p><b>6/15/2003 - Shorewall, Kernel 2.4.21 and iptables 1.2.8</b><b>
</b></p>
<p>The firewall at shorewall.net has been upgraded to the 2.4.21 kernel
and iptables 1.2.8 (using the "official" RPM from netfilter.org).
No problems have been encountered with this set of software. The Shorewall
version is 1.4.4b plus the accumulated changes for 1.4.5.<br>
</p>
<p><b>6/8/2003 - Updated Samples</b><b> </b></p>
<p>Thanks to Francesca Smith, the samples have been updated to Shorewall
version 1.4.4.</p>
<p><b></b></p>
<ol>
</ol>
<p><a href="News.htm">More News</a></p>
<p> <a href="http://leaf.sourceforge.net" target="_top"><img
border="0" src="images/leaflogo.gif" width="49" height="36"
alt="(Leaf Logo)">
</a>Jacques Nilo and Eric
Wolzak have a LEAF (router/firewall/gateway
on a floppy, CD or compact flash) distribution
called <i>Bering</i> that
features Shorewall-1.4.2 and Kernel-2.4.20.
You can find their work at:
<a href="http://leaf.sourceforge.net/devel/jnilo"> http://leaf.sourceforge.net/devel/jnilo<br>
</a></p>
<b>Congratulations to Jacques and Eric
on the recent release of Bering 1.2!!! </b><br>
alt="(Leaf Logo)"> </a>Jacques Nilo and Eric Wolzak have a LEAF
(router/firewall/gateway on a floppy, CD or compact flash) distribution
called <i>Bering</i> that features Shorewall-1.4.2 and Kernel-2.4.20.
You can find their work at: <a
href="http://leaf.sourceforge.net/devel/jnilo">
http://leaf.sourceforge.net/devel/jnilo<br>
</a></p>
<b>Congratulations to Jacques
and Eric on the recent release of Bering 1.2!!! </b><br>
<h2><a name="Donations"></a>Donations</h2>
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<td width="100%"
style="margin-top: 1px;" valign="middle">
<p align="center"><a href="http://www.starlight.org"> <img
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<p align="center"><a href="http://www.starlight.org"> <img
border="4" src="images/newlog.gif" width="57" height="100" align="left"
hspace="10" alt="(Starlight Logo)">
</a></p>
hspace="10" alt="(Starlight Logo)"> </a></p>
<p align="center"><font size="4" color="#ffffff"><br>
<font size="+2"> Shorewall is free but if
you try it and find it useful, please consider making a donation
to
<a href="http://www.starlight.org"><font
color="#ffffff">Starlight Children's Foundation.</font></a>
Thanks!</font></font></p>
</td>
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<font size="+2"> Shorewall is free but if you try it and find it
useful, please consider making a donation to <a
href="http://www.starlight.org"><font color="#ffffff">Starlight
Children's Foundation.</font></a> Thanks!</font></font></p>
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<p><font size="2">Updated 7/19/2003 - <a href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a></font>
<br>
<p><font size="2">Updated 8/9/2003 - <a href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a></font>
<br>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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<title>About the Shorewall Author</title>
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<h1 align="center"><font color="#ffffff">Tom Eastep</font></h1>
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<p align="center"> <img border="3" src="images/Tom.jpg"
alt="Aging Geek - June 2003" width="320" height="240">
</p>
</p>
<p align="center">Tom -- June 2003<br>
<br>
</p>
<br>
</p>
<ul>
<li>Born 1945 in <a
<li>Born 1945 in <a
href="http://www.experiencewashington.com">Washington State</a> .</li>
<li>BA Mathematics from <a
<li>BA Mathematics from <a
href="http://www.wsu.edu">Washington State University</a> 1967</li>
<li>MA Mathematics from <a
<li>MA Mathematics from <a
href="http://www.washington.edu">University of Washington</a> 1969</li>
<li>Burroughs Corporation (now <a
<li>Burroughs Corporation (now <a
href="http://www.unisys.com">Unisys</a> ) 1969 - 1980</li>
<li><a href="http://www.tandem.com">Tandem
Computers, Incorporated</a> (now part of the <a
<li><a href="http://www.tandem.com">Tandem
Computers, Incorporated</a> (now part of the <a
href="http://www.hp.com">The New HP</a>) 1980 - present</li>
<li>Married 1969 - no children.</li>
<li>Married 1969 - no children.</li>
</ul>
<p>I am currently a member of the design team for the next-generation operating
system from the NonStop Enterprise Division of HP. </p>
system from the NonStop Enterprise Division of HP. </p>
<p>I became interested in Internet Security when I established a home office
in 1999 and had DSL service installed in our home. I investigated
ipchains and developed the scripts which are now collectively
known as <a href="http://seawall.sourceforge.net"> Seattle Firewall</a>.
Expanding on what I learned from Seattle Firewall, I then
designed and wrote Shorewall. </p>
in 1999 and had DSL service installed in our home. I
investigated ipchains and developed the scripts which are now
collectively known as <a href="http://seawall.sourceforge.net"> Seattle
Firewall</a>. Expanding on what I learned from Seattle
Firewall, I then designed and wrote Shorewall. </p>
<p>I telework from our <a
href="http://lists.shorewall.net/SeattleInTheSpring.html">home</a> in <a
href="http://www.cityofshoreline.com">Shoreline, Washington</a> where
I live with my wife Tarry.  </p>
<p>Our current home network consists of: </p>
<p></p>
<ul>
<li>1.2Gz Athlon, Windows XP Pro, 320MB RAM,
40GB &amp; 20GB IDE HDs and LNE100TX (Tulip) NIC - My personal
Windows system. Serves as a PPTP server for Road Warrior access. Dual
boots <a href="http://www.mandrakelinux.com">Mandrake</a> 9.0.</li>
<li>Celeron 1.4Gz, RH8.0, 384MB RAM, 60GB HD,
LNE100TX(Tulip) NIC - My personal Linux System which runs
Samba. This system also has <a href="http://www.vmware.com/">VMware</a>
installed and can run both <a href="http://www.debian.org">Debian
Woody</a> and <a href="http://www.suse.com">SuSE 8.1</a> in virtual
machines.</li>
<li>K6-2/350, RH8.0, 384MB RAM, 8GB IDE HD,
EEPRO100 NIC  - Email (Postfix, Courier-IMAP and Mailman), HTTP (Apache),
FTP (Pure_ftpd), DNS server (Bind 9).</li>
<li>PII/233, RH8.0, 256MB MB RAM, 2GB SCSI
HD - 3 LNE100TX  (Tulip) and 1 TLAN NICs  - Firewall running Shorewall
1.4.6Beta1, a DHCP server and Samba configured as a WINS server..</li>
<li>Duron 750, Win ME, 192MB RAM, 20GB HD,
RTL8139 NIC - My wife's personal system.</li>
<li>PII/400 Laptop, WinXP SP1, 224MB RAM, 12GB
HD, built-in EEPRO100, EEPRO100 in expansion base - My work system.</li>
<li>XP 2200 Laptop, WinXP SP1, 512MB RAM, 40GB HD, built-in NIC
and LinkSys WET11 - Our Laptop.<br>
</li>
</ul>
<p>For more about our network see <a href="myfiles.htm">my Shorewall Configuration</a>.</p>
<p>For information about our home network see <a href="myfiles.htm">my Shorewall
Configuration files.</a></p>
<p>All of our other systems are made by <a
href="http://www.compaq.com">Compaq</a> (part of the new <a
href="http://www.hp.com/">HP</a>).. All of our Tulip NICs are <a
href="http://www.netgear.com">Netgear</a> FA310TXs.</p>
href="http://www.hp.com/">HP</a>).</p>
<p><a href="http://www.redhat.com"><img border="0"
src="images/poweredby.png" width="88" height="31">
</a><a href="http://www.compaq.com"><img
</a><a href="http://www.compaq.com"><img
border="0" src="images/poweredbycompaqlog0.gif" hspace="3" width="83"
height="25">
</a><a href="http://www.pureftpd.org"><img
</a><a href="http://www.pureftpd.org"><img
border="0" src="images/pure.jpg" width="88" height="31">
</a><font size="4"><a
</a><font size="4"><a
href="http://www.apache.org"><img border="0"
src="images/apache_pb1.gif" hspace="2" width="170" height="20">
</a><a href="http://www.mandrakelinux.com"><img
</a><a href="http://www.mandrakelinux.com"><img
src="images/medbutton.png" alt="Powered by Mandrake" width="90"
height="32">
</a><img src="images/shorewall.jpg"
alt="Protected by Shorewall" width="125" height="40" hspace="4">
<a href="http://www.opera.com"><img src="images/opera.png"
</a><img src="images/ProtectedBy.png"
alt="Protected by Shorewall" width="200" height="42" hspace="4">
<a href="http://www.opera.com"><img src="images/opera.png"
alt="(Opera Logo)" width="102" height="39" border="0">
</a>  <a href="http://www.hp.com"><img
</a>  <a href="http://www.hp.com"><img
src="images/penquin_in_blue_racer_sm2.gif" alt="" width="120"
height="75" border="0">
</a><a href="http://www.opera.com"> </a> </font></p>
<p><font size="2">Last updated 7/14/2003 - </font><font size="2"> <a
</a><a href="http://www.opera.com"> </a> </font></p>
<p><font size="2">Last updated 7/20/2003 - </font><font size="2"> <a
href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a></font> </p>
<font face="Trebuchet MS"><a
<font face="Trebuchet MS"><a
href="copyright.htm"><font size="2">Copyright</font> © <font
size="2">2001, 2002, 2003 Thomas M. Eastep.</font></a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
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<br>
<br>

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<h1 align="center"><font color="#ffffff">Logging</font></h1>
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<br>
By default, Shorewall directs NetFilter to log using syslog (8). Syslog
classifies log messages by a <i>facility</i> and a <i>priority</i> (using
the notation <i>facility.priority</i>). <br>
<br>
The facilities defined by syslog are <i>auth, authpriv, cron, daemon,
kern, lpr, mail, mark, news, syslog, user, uucp</i> and <i>local0</i> through
<i>local7</i>.<br>
<br>
Throughout the Shorewall documentation, I will use the term <i>level</i>
rather than <i>priority</i> since <i>level</i> is the term used by NetFilter.
The syslog documentation uses the term <i>priority</i>.<br>
<h3>Syslog Levels<br>
</h3>
Syslog levels are a method of describing to syslog (8) the importance
of a message and a number of Shorewall parameters have a syslog level
as their value.<br>
<br>
Valid levels are:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
debug<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 6&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
info<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
notice<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
warning<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
err<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
crit<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
alert<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
emerg<br>
<br>
For most Shorewall logging, a level of 6 (info) is appropriate.
Shorewall log messages are generated by NetFilter and are logged using
the <i>kern</i> facility and the level that you specify. If you are unsure
of the level to choose, 6 (info) is a safe bet. You may specify levels
by name or by number.<br>
<br>
Syslogd writes log messages to files (typically in /var/log/*) based
on their facility and level. The mapping of these facility/level pairs
to log files is done in /etc/syslog.conf (5). If you make changes to this
file, you must restart syslogd before the changes can take effect.<br>
<h3>Configuring a Separate Log for Shorewall Messages</h3>
There are a couple of limitations to syslogd-based logging:<br>
<ol>
<li>If you give, for example, kern.info it's own log destination then
that destination will also receive all kernel messages of levels 5 (notice)
through 0 (emerg).</li>
<li>All kernel.info messages will go to that destination and not just
those from NetFilter.<br>
</li>
</ol>
Beginning with Shorewall version 1.3.12, if your kernel has ULOG
target support (and most vendor-supplied kernels do), you may also specify
a log level of ULOG (must be all caps). When ULOG is used, Shorewall will
direct netfilter to log the related messages via the ULOG target which
will send them to a process called 'ulogd'. The ulogd program is available
from http://www.gnumonks.org/projects/ulogd and can be configured to log
all Shorewall message to their own log file.<br>
<br>
<b>Note: </b>The ULOG logging mechanism is <u>completely separate</u> from
syslog. Once you switch to ULOG, the settings in /etc/syslog.conf have absolutely
no effect on your Shorewall logging (except for Shorewall status messages
which still go to syslog).<br>
<br>
You will need to have the kernel source available to compile ulogd.<br>
<br>
Download the ulod tar file and:<br>
<ol>
<li>Be sure that /usr/src/linux is linked to your kernel source tree<br>
</li>
<li>cd /usr/local/src (or wherever you do your builds)</li>
<li>tar -zxf <i>source-tarball-that-you-downloaded</i></li>
<li>cd ulogd-<i>version</i><br>
</li>
<li>./configure</li>
<li>make</li>
<li>make install<br>
</li>
</ol>
If you are like me and don't have a development environment on your
firewall, you can do the first six steps on another system then either
NFS mount your /usr/local/src directory or tar up the /usr/local/src/ulogd-<i>version</i>
directory and move it to your firewall system.<br>
<br>
Now on the firewall system, edit /usr/local/etc/ulogd.conf and set:<br>
<ol>
<li>syslogfile <i>&lt;file that you wish to log to&gt;</i></li>
<li>syslogsync 1</li>
</ol>
I also copied the file /usr/local/src/ulogd-<i>version</i>/ulogd.init
to /etc/init.d/ulogd. I had to edit the line that read "daemon /usr/local/sbin/ulogd"
to read daemon /usr/local/sbin/ulogd -d". On a RedHat system, a simple "chkconfig
--level 3 ulogd on" starts ulogd during boot up. Your init system may need
something else done to activate the script.<br>
<br>
You will need to change all instances of log levels (usually 'info') in
your configuration files to 'ULOG' - this includes entries in the policy,
rules and shorewall.conf files. Here's what I have:<br>
<pre> [root@gateway shorewall]# grep ULOG *<br> policy:loc&nbsp; fw&nbsp;&nbsp; REJECT&nbsp; ULOG<br> policy:net&nbsp; all&nbsp; DROP&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ULOG&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;10/sec:40<br> policy:all&nbsp; all&nbsp; REJECT&nbsp; ULOG<br> rules:REJECT:ULOG loc net tcp 6667<br> shorewall.conf:TCP_FLAGS_LOG_LEVEL=ULOG<br> shorewall.conf:RFC1918_LOG_LEVEL=ULOG<br> [root@gateway shorewall]#<br></pre>
Finally edit /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf and set LOGFILE=<i>&lt;file
that you wish to log to&gt;</i>. This tells the /sbin/shorewall program
where to look for the log when processing its "show log", "logwatch" and "monitor"
commands.<br>
<p><font size="2"> Updated 1/11/2003 - <a href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a>
</font></p>
<br>
By default, Shorewall directs NetFilter to log using syslog (8). Syslog
classifies log messages by a <i>facility</i> and a <i>priority</i> (using
the notation <i>facility.priority</i>). <br>
<br>
The facilities defined by syslog are <i>auth, authpriv, cron, daemon,
kern, lpr, mail, mark, news, syslog, user, uucp</i> and <i>local0</i>
through <i>local7</i>.<br>
<br>
Throughout the Shorewall documentation, I will use the term <i>level</i>
rather than <i>priority</i> since <i>level</i> is the term used by NetFilter.
The syslog documentation uses the term <i>priority</i>.<br>
<p><a href="copyright.htm"><font size="2">Copyright</font> &copy;
<font size="2">2001, 2002, 2003 Thomas M. Eastep</font></a><br>
</p>
<h3>Syslog Levels<br>
</h3>
Syslog levels are a method of describing to syslog (8) the importance
of a message and a number of Shorewall parameters have a syslog level
as their value.<br>
<br>
Valid levels are:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
debug<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 6&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
info<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
notice<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
warning<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
err<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
crit<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
alert<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
emerg<br>
<br>
For most Shorewall logging, a level of 6 (info) is appropriate.
Shorewall log messages are generated by NetFilter and are logged using
the <i>kern</i> facility and the level that you specify. If you are
unsure of the level to choose, 6 (info) is a safe bet. You may specify
levels by name or by number.<br>
<br>
Syslogd writes log messages to files (typically in /var/log/*)
based on their facility and level. The mapping of these facility/level
pairs to log files is done in /etc/syslog.conf (5). If you make changes
to this file, you must restart syslogd before the changes can take effect.<br>
<h3>Configuring a Separate Log for Shorewall Messages</h3>
There are a couple of limitations to syslogd-based logging:<br>
<ol>
<li>If you give, for example, kern.info it's own log destination then
that destination will also receive all kernel messages of levels 5 (notice)
through 0 (emerg).</li>
<li>All kernel.info messages will go to that destination and not just
those from NetFilter.<br>
</li>
</ol>
Beginning with Shorewall version 1.3.12, if your kernel has ULOG
target support (and most vendor-supplied kernels do), you may also specify
a log level of ULOG (must be all caps). When ULOG is used, Shorewall will
direct netfilter to log the related messages via the ULOG target which
will send them to a process called 'ulogd'. The ulogd program is available
from http://www.gnumonks.org/projects/ulogd and can be configured to log
all Shorewall message to their own log file.<br>
<br>
<b>Note: </b>The ULOG logging mechanism is <u>completely separate</u>
from syslog. Once you switch to ULOG, the settings in /etc/syslog.conf have
absolutely no effect on your Shorewall logging (except for Shorewall status
messages which still go to syslog).<br>
<br>
You will need to have the kernel source available to compile ulogd.<br>
<br>
Download the ulod tar file and:<br>
<ol>
<li>Be sure that /usr/src/linux is linked to your kernel source tree<br>
</li>
<li>cd /usr/local/src (or wherever you do your builds)</li>
<li>tar -zxf <i>source-tarball-that-you-downloaded</i></li>
<li>cd ulogd-<i>version</i><br>
</li>
<li>./configure</li>
<li>make</li>
<li>make install<br>
</li>
</ol>
If you are like me and don't have a development environment on your
firewall, you can do the first six steps on another system then either NFS
mount your /usr/local/src directory or tar up the /usr/local/src/ulogd-<i>version</i>
directory and move it to your firewall system.<br>
<br>
Now on the firewall system, edit /usr/local/etc/ulogd.conf and set:<br>
<ol>
<li>syslogfile <i>&lt;file that you wish to log to&gt;</i></li>
<li>syslogsync 1</li>
</ol>
Also on the firewall system:<br>
<blockquote>touch &lt;<i>file that you wish to log to</i>&gt;<br>
</blockquote>
I also copied the file /usr/local/src/ulogd-<i>version</i>/ulogd.init
to /etc/init.d/ulogd. I had to edit the line that read "daemon /usr/local/sbin/ulogd"
to read daemon /usr/local/sbin/ulogd -d". On a RedHat system, a simple
"chkconfig --level 3 ulogd on" starts ulogd during boot up. Your init system
may need something else done to activate the script.<br>
<br>
You will need to change all instances of log levels (usually 'info') in
your configuration files to 'ULOG' - this includes entries in the policy,
rules and shorewall.conf files. Here's what I have:<br>
<pre> [root@gateway shorewall]# grep ULOG *<br> policy:loc&nbsp; fw&nbsp;&nbsp; REJECT&nbsp; ULOG<br> policy:net&nbsp; all&nbsp; DROP&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ULOG&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;10/sec:40<br> policy:all&nbsp; all&nbsp; REJECT&nbsp; ULOG<br> rules:REJECT:ULOG loc net tcp 6667<br> shorewall.conf:TCP_FLAGS_LOG_LEVEL=ULOG<br> shorewall.conf:RFC1918_LOG_LEVEL=ULOG<br> [root@gateway shorewall]#<br></pre>
Finally edit /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf and set LOGFILE=<i>&lt;file
that you wish to log to&gt;</i>. This tells the /sbin/shorewall program
where to look for the log when processing its "show log", "logwatch" and
"monitor" commands.<br>
<p><font size="2"> Updated 7/25/2003 - <a href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a>
</font></p>
<p><a href="copyright.htm"><font size="2">Copyright</font> &copy;
<font size="2">2001, 2002, 2003 Thomas M. Eastep</font></a><br>
</p>
<br>
<br>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 5.0">
<meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document">
<title>Shorewall Mirrors</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
style="border-collapse: collapse;" bordercolor="#111111" width="100%"
id="AutoNumber1" bgcolor="#3366ff" height="90">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="100%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="100%">
<h1 align="center"><font color="#ffffff">Shorewall Mirrors</font></h1>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p align="left"><b>Remember that updates to the mirrors are often delayed
for 6-12 hours after an update to the primary rsync site. For HTML content,
the main web site (<a href="http://shorewall.sf.net">http://shorewall.sf.net</a>)
is updated at the same time as the rsync site.</b></p>
for 6-12 hours after an update to the primary rsync site. For HTML content,
the main web site (<a href="http://shorewall.sf.net">http://shorewall.sf.net</a>)
is updated at the same time as the rsync site.</b></p>
<p align="left">The main Shorewall Web Site is <a
href="http://shorewall.sf.net" target="_top">http://shorewall.sf.net</a>
and is located in California, USA. It is mirrored at:</p>
and is located in California, USA. It is mirrored at:</p>
<ul>
<li><a target="_top" href="http://slovakia.shorewall.net">
http://slovakia.shorewall.net</a> (Slovak Republic).</li>
<li> <a href="http://www.infohiiway.com/shorewall"
<li><a target="_top" href="http://slovakia.shorewall.net">
http://slovakia.shorewall.net</a> (Slovak Republic).</li>
<li> <a href="http://www.infohiiway.com/shorewall"
target="_top"> http://shorewall.infohiiway.com</a> (Texas, USA).</li>
<li><a target="_top" href="http://germany.shorewall.net">
http://germany.shorewall.net</a> (Hamburg, Germany)</li>
<li><a target="_top"
<li><a target="_top" href="http://germany.shorewall.net">
http://germany.shorewall.net</a> (Hamburg, Germany)</li>
<li><a target="_top"
href="http://france.shorewall.net">http://france.shorewall.net</a>
(Paris, France)</li>
<li><a href="http://shorewall.syachile.cl" target="_top">http://shorewall.syachile.cl
</a>(Santiago Chile)</li>
<li><a href="http://shorewall.greshko.com" target="_top">http://shorewall.greshko.com</a>
(Taipei, Taiwan)</li>
<li><a href="http://argentina.shorewall.net" target="_top">http://argentina.shorewall.net</a>
(Argentina)</li>
<li><a href="http://shorewall.securityopensource.org.br"
<li><a href="http://shorewall.syachile.cl" target="_top">http://shorewall.syachile.cl
</a>(Santiago Chile)</li>
<li><a href="http://shorewall.greshko.com" target="_top">http://shorewall.greshko.com</a>
(Taipei, Taiwan)</li>
<li><a href="http://argentina.shorewall.net" target="_top">http://argentina.shorewall.net</a>
(Argentina)</li>
<li><a href="http://shorewall.securityopensource.org.br"
target="_top">http://shorewall.securityopensource.org.br</a> (Brazil)<br>
</li>
<li><a href="http://www.shorewall.net" target="_top">http://www.shorewall.net</a>
(Washington State, USA)<br>
</li>
</li>
<li><a href="http://www.shorewall.net" target="_top">http://www.shorewall.net</a>
(Washington State, USA)<br>
</li>
</ul>
<p align="left">The rsync site is mirrored via FTP at:</p>
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank"
<li><a target="_blank"
href="ftp://slovakia.shorewall.net/mirror/shorewall/">ftp://slovakia.shorewall.net/mirror/shorewall</a>
(Slovak Republic).</li>
<li> <a
(Slovak Republic).</li>
<li> <a
href="ftp://ftp.infohiiway.com/pub/mirrors/shorewall/" target="_blank">ftp://ftp.infohiiway.com/pub/shorewall</a>
(Texas, USA).</li>
<li><a target="_blank"
(Texas, USA -- temporarily unavailable).</li>
<li><a target="_blank"
href="ftp://germany.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall"> ftp://germany.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall</a>
(Hamburg, Germany)</li>
<li> <a target="_blank"
(Hamburg, Germany)</li>
<li> <a target="_blank"
href="ftp://france.shorewall.net/pub/mirrors/shorewall">ftp://france.shorewall.net/pub/mirrors/shorewall</a>
(Paris, France)</li>
<li><a href="ftp://shorewall.greshko.com/pub/shorewall"
(Paris, France)</li>
<li><a href="ftp://shorewall.greshko.com/pub/shorewall"
target="_top">ftp://shorewall.greshko.com</a> (Taipei, Taiwan)</li>
<li><a href="ftp://ftp.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall"
<li><a href="ftp://ftp.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall"
target="_blank">ftp://ftp.shorewall.net </a>(Washington State, USA)<br>
</li>
</li>
</ul>
Search results and the mailing list archives are always fetched from
the site in Washington State.<br>
<p align="left"><font size="2">Last Updated 7/15/2003 - <a
Search results and the mailing list archives are always fetched
from the site in Washington State.<br>
<p align="left"><font size="2">Last Updated 8/4/2003 - <a
href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a></font></p>
<p align="left"><font face="Trebuchet MS"><a href="copyright.htm"> <font
size="2">Copyright</font> © <font size="2">2001, 2002, 2003 Thomas M. Eastep.</font></a></font></p>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
size="2">Copyright</font> © <font size="2">2001, 2002, 2003 Thomas M. Eastep</font></a></font><br>
</p>
<br>
</body>
</html>

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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 5.0">
<meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
<title>Shorewall QuickStart Guide</title>
<meta name="Microsoft Theme" content="none">
</head>
<body>
<body>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
style="border-collapse: collapse;" width="100%" id="AutoNumber1"
bgcolor="#3366ff" height="90">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="100%">
<h1 align="center"><font color="#ffffff">Shorewall QuickStart Guides
(HOWTO's)<br>
</font></h1>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="100%">
<h1 align="center"><font color="#ffffff">Shorewall QuickStart
Guides (HOWTO's)<br>
</font></h1>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p align="center">With thanks to Richard who reminded me once again that
we must all first walk before we can run.<br>
The French Translations are courtesy of Patrice Vetsel<br>
</p>
<p align="center">With thanks to Richard who reminded me once again
that we
must all first walk before we can run.<br>
The French Translations are courtesy of Patrice Vetsel<br>
</p>
<h2>The Guides</h2>
<p>These guides provide step-by-step instructions for configuring Shorewall
in common firewall setups.</p>
<p>If you have a <font color="#ff0000"><big><big><b>single public IP address</b></big></big></font>:</p>
<p>These guides provide step-by-step instructions for configuring
Shorewall in common firewall setups.</p>
<p>If you have a <font color="#ff0000"><big><big><b>single public IP
address</b></big></big></font>:</p>
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li><a href="standalone.htm">Standalone</a>
Linux System (<a href="standalone_fr.html">Version Française</a>)</li>
<li><a href="two-interface.htm">Two-interface</a>
Linux System acting as a firewall/router for a small local
network (<a href="two-interface_fr.html">Version Française</a>)</li>
<li><a href="three-interface.htm">Three-interface</a>
Linux System acting as a firewall/router for a small local
network and a DMZ. (<a href="three-interface_fr.html">Version Française</a>)</li>
<li><a href="standalone.htm">Standalone</a> Linux System (<a
href="standalone_fr.html">Version Française</a>)</li>
<li><a href="two-interface.htm">Two-interface</a> Linux System
acting as a firewall/router for a small local network (<a
href="two-interface_fr.html">Version Française</a>)</li>
<li><a href="three-interface.htm">Three-interface</a> Linux System
acting as a firewall/router for a small local network and a DMZ. (<a
href="three-interface_fr.html">Version Française</a>)</li>
</ul>
<p>The above guides are designed to get your first firewall up and running
quickly in the three most common Shorewall configurations.
If you want to learn more about Shorewall than is explained in the above
simple guides,  the <a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm">Shorewall Setup Guide</a>
(See Index Below) is for you.</p>
<p>The above guides are designed to get your first firewall up and
running quickly in the three most common Shorewall configurations. If
you want to learn more about Shorewall than is explained in the above
simple guides,&nbsp; the <a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm">Shorewall
Setup Guide</a> (See Index Below) is for you.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>If you have <font color="#ff0000"><big><big><b>more than one public IP
address</b></big></big></font>:<br>
<p>If you have <font color="#ff0000"><big><big><b>more than one public
IP address</b></big></big></font>:<br>
</p>
<blockquote>The <a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm">Shorewall Setup Guide</a>
(See Index Below) outlines the steps necessary to set up
a firewall where there are <small><small><big><big>multiple
public IP addresses</big></big></small></small> involved or if you
want to learn more about Shorewall than is explained in the
<blockquote>The <a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm">Shorewall Setup
Guide</a> (See Index Below) outlines the steps necessary to set up a
firewall where there are <small><small><big><big>multiple public IP
addresses</big></big></small></small> involved or if you
want to learn more about Shorewall than is explained in the
single-address guides above.</blockquote>
<ul>
</ul>
<h2><b><a name="Documentation"></a></b>Documentation Index</h2>
<p>The following documentation covers a variety of topics and <b>supplements
the <a href="shorewall_quickstart_guide.htm">QuickStart
Guides</a> described above</b>. Please review the appropriate
guide before trying to use this documentation directly.</p>
the <a href="shorewall_quickstart_guide.htm">QuickStart Guides</a>
described above</b>. Please review the appropriate guide before trying
to use this documentation directly.</p>
<ul>
<li><a
href="Shorewall_and_Aliased_Interfaces.html">Aliased (virtual) Interfaces
(e.g., eth0:0)</a><br>
</li>
<li><a href="blacklisting_support.htm">Blacklisting</a>
<li><a href="Shorewall_and_Aliased_Interfaces.html">Aliased (virtual)
Interfaces (e.g., eth0:0)</a><br>
</li>
<li><a href="blacklisting_support.htm">Blacklisting</a>
<ul>
<li>Static Blacklisting using /etc/shorewall/blacklist</li>
<li>Dynamic Blacklisting using /sbin/shorewall</li>
<li>Static Blacklisting using /etc/shorewall/blacklist</li>
<li>Dynamic Blacklisting using
/sbin/shorewall</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a
href="configuration_file_basics.htm">Common configuration file
features</a>
<ul>
<li><a
href="configuration_file_basics.htm#Comments">Comments in configuration
files</a></li>
<li><a
href="configuration_file_basics.htm#Continuation">Line Continuation</a></li>
<li><a href="configuration_file_basics.htm#INCLUDE">INCLUDE
Directive</a><br>
</li>
<li><a
href="configuration_file_basics.htm#Ports">Port Numbers/Service Names</a></li>
<li><a
href="configuration_file_basics.htm#Ranges">Port Ranges</a></li>
<li><a
href="configuration_file_basics.htm#Variables">Using Shell Variables</a></li>
<li><a
href="configuration_file_basics.htm#dnsnames">Using DNS Names</a><br>
</li>
<li><a
href="configuration_file_basics.htm#Compliment">Complementing an IP address
or Subnet</a></li>
<li><a
href="configuration_file_basics.htm#Configs">Shorewall Configurations (making
a test configuration)</a></li>
<li><a
href="configuration_file_basics.htm#MAC">Using MAC Addresses in Shorewall</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="Documentation.htm">Configuration
File Reference Manual</a>
<ul>
<li> <a
href="Documentation.htm#Variables">params</a></li>
<li><font color="#000099"><a
href="Documentation.htm#Zones">zones</a></font></li>
<li><font color="#000099"><a
href="Documentation.htm#Interfaces">interfaces</a></font></li>
<li><font color="#000099"><a
href="Documentation.htm#Hosts">hosts</a></font></li>
<li><font color="#000099"><a
href="Documentation.htm#Policy">policy</a></font></li>
<li><font color="#000099"><a
href="Documentation.htm#Rules">rules</a></font></li>
<li><a
href="Documentation.htm#Common">common</a></li>
<li><font color="#000099"><a
href="Documentation.htm#Masq">masq</a></font></li>
<li><font color="#000099"><a
href="Documentation.htm#ProxyArp">proxyarp</a></font></li>
<li><font color="#000099"><a
href="Documentation.htm#NAT">nat</a></font></li>
<li><font color="#000099"><a
href="Documentation.htm#Tunnels">tunnels</a></font></li>
<li><a
href="traffic_shaping.htm#tcrules">tcrules</a></li>
<li><font color="#000099"><a
href="Documentation.htm#Conf">shorewall.conf</a></font></li>
<li><a
href="Documentation.htm#modules">modules</a></li>
<li><a
href="Documentation.htm#TOS">tos</a> </li>
<li><a
href="Documentation.htm#Blacklist">blacklist</a></li>
<li><a
href="Documentation.htm#rfc1918">rfc1918</a></li>
<li><a
href="Documentation.htm#Routestopped">routestopped</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="CorpNetwork.htm">Corporate
Network Example</a> (Contributed by a Graeme Boyle)<br>
</li>
<li><a href="dhcp.htm">DHCP</a></li>
<li><a href="ECN.html">ECN Disabling
by host or subnet</a></li>
<li><a href="errata.htm">Errata</a><br>
</li>
<li><font color="#000099"><a
href="shorewall_extension_scripts.htm">Extension Scripts</a></font>
(How to extend Shorewall without modifying Shorewall code through the
use of files in /etc/shorewall -- /etc/shorewall/start, /etc/shorewall/stopped,
etc.)</li>
<li><a href="fallback.htm">Fallback/Uninstall</a></li>
<li><a href="FAQ.htm">FAQs</a><br>
</li>
<li><a href="shorewall_features.htm">Features</a><br>
</li>
<li><a
href="shorewall_firewall_structure.htm">Firewall Structure</a></li>
<li><a href="support.htm">Getting help or answers to questions</a></li>
<li>Greater Seattle Linux Users Group Presentation</li>
</li>
<li><a href="starting_and_stopping_shorewall.htm">Commands</a>
(Description of
all /sbin/shorewall commands)</li>
<li><a href="configuration_file_basics.htm">Common configuration file
features</a>&nbsp;</li>
<ul>
<li><a href="GSLUG.htm">HTML</a></li>
<li><a href="GSLUG.ppt">PowerPoint</a></li>
<li><a href="configuration_file_basics.htm#Comments">Comments in
configuration files</a></li>
<li><a href="configuration_file_basics.htm#Continuation">Line
Continuation</a></li>
<li><a href="configuration_file_basics.htm#INCLUDE">INCLUDE
Directive</a></li>
<li><a href="configuration_file_basics.htm#Ports">Port
Numbers/Service Names</a></li>
<li><a href="configuration_file_basics.htm#Ranges">Port Ranges</a></li>
<li><a href="configuration_file_basics.htm#Variables">Using Shell
Variables</a></li>
<li><a href="configuration_file_basics.htm#dnsnames">Using DNS Names</a></li>
<li><a href="configuration_file_basics.htm#Compliment">Complementing
an IP address or Subnet</a></li>
<li><a href="configuration_file_basics.htm#Configs">Shorewall
Configurations (making a test configuration)</a></li>
<li><a href="configuration_file_basics.htm#MAC">Using MAC Addresses
in Shorewall</a> </li>
</ul>
<li><a href="Install.htm">Installation/Upgrade</a><br>
</li>
<li><font color="#000099"><a
href="kernel.htm">Kernel Configuration</a></font></li>
<li><a href="shorewall_logging.html">Logging</a><br>
</li>
<li><a href="MAC_Validation.html">MAC
Verification</a></li>
<li><a href="http://lists.shorewall.net">Mailing Lists</a><br>
</li>
<li><a href="myfiles.htm">My
Shorewall Configuration (How I personally use Shorewall)</a><br>
</li>
<li><a href="ping.html">'Ping' Management</a><br>
</li>
<li><a href="ports.htm">Port Information</a>
<li><a href="Documentation.htm">Configuration File Reference Manual</a>
<ul>
<li>Which applications use which ports</li>
<li>Ports used by Trojans</li>
<li> <a href="Documentation.htm#Variables">params</a></li>
<li><font color="#000099"><a href="Documentation.htm#Zones">zones</a></font></li>
<li><font color="#000099"><a href="Documentation.htm#Interfaces">interfaces</a></font></li>
<li><font color="#000099"><a href="Documentation.htm#Hosts">hosts</a></font></li>
<li><font color="#000099"><a href="Documentation.htm#Policy">policy</a></font></li>
<li><font color="#000099"><a href="Documentation.htm#Rules">rules</a></font></li>
<li><a href="Documentation.htm#Common">common</a></li>
<li><font color="#000099"><a href="Documentation.htm#Masq">masq</a></font></li>
<li><font color="#000099"><a href="Documentation.htm#ProxyArp">proxyarp</a></font></li>
<li><font color="#000099"><a href="Documentation.htm#NAT">nat</a></font></li>
<li><font color="#000099"><a href="Documentation.htm#Tunnels">tunnels</a></font></li>
<li><a href="traffic_shaping.htm#tcrules">tcrules</a></li>
<li><font color="#000099"><a href="Documentation.htm#Conf">shorewall.conf</a></font></li>
<li><a href="Documentation.htm#modules">modules</a></li>
<li><a href="Documentation.htm#TOS">tos</a> </li>
<li><a href="Documentation.htm#Blacklist">blacklist</a></li>
<li><a href="Documentation.htm#rfc1918">rfc1918</a></li>
<li><a href="Documentation.htm#Routestopped">routestopped</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="ProxyARP.htm">Proxy ARP</a></li>
<li><a href="shorewall_prerequisites.htm">Requirements</a><br>
</li>
<li><a href="samba.htm">Samba</a></li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm">Shorewall Setup Guide</a><br>
</li>
</li>
<li><a href="CorpNetwork.htm">Corporate Network Example</a>
(Contributed by a Graeme Boyle)<br>
</li>
<li><a href="dhcp.htm">DHCP</a></li>
<li><a href="ECN.html">ECN Disabling by host or subnet</a></li>
<li><a href="errata.htm">Errata</a><br>
</li>
<li><font color="#000099"><a href="shorewall_extension_scripts.htm">Extension
Scripts</a></font> (How to extend Shorewall without modifying Shorewall
code through the use of files in /etc/shorewall --
/etc/shorewall/start, /etc/shorewall/stopped, etc.)</li>
<li><a href="fallback.htm">Fallback/Uninstall</a></li>
<li><a href="FAQ.htm">FAQs</a><br>
</li>
<li><a href="shorewall_features.htm">Features</a><br>
</li>
<li><a href="shorewall_firewall_structure.htm">Firewall Structure</a></li>
<li><a href="FTP.html">FTP and Shorewall</a><br>
</li>
<li><a href="support.htm">Getting help or answers to questions</a></li>
<li>Greater Seattle Linux Users Group Presentation</li>
<ul>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#Introduction">1.0
<li><a href="GSLUG.htm">HTML</a></li>
<li><a href="GSLUG.ppt">PowerPoint</a></li>
</ul>
<li><a href="Install.htm">Installation/Upgrade</a><br>
</li>
<li><font color="#000099"><a href="kernel.htm">Kernel Configuration</a></font></li>
<li><a href="shorewall_logging.html">Logging</a><br>
</li>
<li><a href="MAC_Validation.html">MAC Verification</a></li>
<li><a href="http://lists.shorewall.net">Mailing Lists</a><br>
</li>
<li><a href="myfiles.htm">My Shorewall Configuration (How I
personally use Shorewall)</a></li>
<li><a href="starting_and_stopping_shorewall.htm">Operating Shorewall</a><br>
</li>
<li><a href="ping.html">'Ping' Management</a><br>
</li>
<li><a href="ports.htm">Port Information</a>
<ul>
<li>Which applications use which ports</li>
<li>Ports used by Trojans</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="ProxyARP.htm">Proxy
ARP</a></li>
<li><a href="shorewall_prerequisites.htm">Requirements</a><br>
</li>
<li><a href="samba.htm">Samba</a></li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm">Shorewall Setup Guide</a><br>
</li>
<ul>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#Introduction">1.0
Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#Concepts">2.0 Shorewall
Concepts</a></li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#Interfaces">3.0 Network
Interfaces</a></li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#Addressing">4.0 Addressing,
Subnets and Routing</a>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#Concepts">2.0 Shorewall
Concepts</a></li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#Interfaces">3.0 Network
Interfaces</a></li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#Addressing">4.0 Addressing,
Subnets and Routing</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#Addresses">4.1
IP Addresses</a></li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#Subnets">4.2 Subnets</a></li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#Routing">4.3 Routing</a></li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#ARP">4.4 Address
Resolution Protocol (ARP)</a></li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#Addresses">4.1 IP
Addresses</a></li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#Subnets">4.2
Subnets</a></li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#Routing">4.3 Routing</a></li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#ARP">4.4 Address
Resolution Protocol (ARP)</a></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#RFC1918">4.5 RFC
1918</a></li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#RFC1918">4.5 RFC 1918</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#Options">5.0 Setting
up your Network</a>
</li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#Options">5.0 Setting up your
Network</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#Routed">5.1 Routed</a></li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#Routed">5.1 Routed</a></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#NonRouted">5.2
Non-routed</a>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#NonRouted">5.2 Non-routed</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#SNAT">5.2.1
SNAT</a></li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#DNAT">5.2.2
DNAT</a></li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#ProxyARP">5.2.3
Proxy ARP</a></li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#NAT">5.2.4
Static NAT</a></li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#SNAT">5.2.1 SNAT</a></li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#DNAT">5.2.2 DNAT</a></li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#ProxyARP">5.2.3
Proxy ARP</a></li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#NAT">5.2.4 Static NAT</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#Rules">5.3 Rules</a></li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#OddsAndEnds">5.4
Odds and Ends</a></li>
</li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#Rules">5.3 Rules</a></li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#OddsAndEnds">5.4 Odds
and Ends</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#DNS">6.0 DNS</a></li>
<li><a
href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#StartingAndStopping">7.0 Starting
and Stopping the Firewall</a></li>
</li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#DNS">6.0 DNS</a></li>
<li><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#StartingAndStopping">7.0
Starting and Stopping the Firewall</a></li>
</ul>
<li><font color="#000099"><a
href="starting_and_stopping_shorewall.htm">Starting/stopping the Firewall</a></font></li>
<li><font color="#000099"><a
href="starting_and_stopping_shorewall.htm">Starting/stopping the
Firewall</a></font></li>
<ul>
<li>Description of all /sbin/shorewall commands</li>
<li>How to safely test a Shorewall configuration
change<br>
</li>
<li>Description of all /sbin/shorewall
commands</li>
<li>How to safely test a Shorewall configuration change<br>
</li>
</ul>
<li><font color="#000099"><a
href="NAT.htm">Static NAT</a></font></li>
<li><a href="Shorewall_Squid_Usage.html">Squid as a
Transparent Proxy with Shorewall</a></li>
<li><a href="traffic_shaping.htm">Traffic
Shaping/QOS</a></li>
<li><a href="troubleshoot.htm">Troubleshooting (Things to try if it
doesn't work)</a><br>
</li>
<li><a href="upgrade_issues.htm">Upgrade Issues</a><br>
</li>
<li>VPN
<li><font color="#000099"><a href="NAT.htm">Static NAT</a></font></li>
<li><a href="Shorewall_Squid_Usage.html">Squid as a Transparent Proxy
with Shorewall</a></li>
<li><a href="traffic_shaping.htm">Traffic Shaping/QOS</a></li>
<li><a href="troubleshoot.htm">Troubleshooting (Things to try if it
doesn't work)</a><br>
</li>
<li><a href="upgrade_issues.htm">Upgrade Issues</a><br>
</li>
<li>VPN
<ul>
<li><a href="IPSEC.htm">IPSEC</a></li>
<li><a href="IPIP.htm">GRE and IPIP</a></li>
<li><a href="OPENVPN.html">OpenVPN</a><br>
</li>
<li><a href="PPTP.htm">PPTP</a></li>
<li><a href="6to4.htm">6t04</a><br>
</li>
<li><a href="VPN.htm">IPSEC/PPTP</a>
from a system behind your firewall to a remote network.</li>
<li><a href="IPSEC.htm">IPSEC</a></li>
<li><a href="IPIP.htm">GRE and
IPIP</a></li>
<li><a href="OPENVPN.html">OpenVPN</a><br>
</li>
<li><a href="PPTP.htm">PPTP</a></li>
<li><a href="6to4.htm">6t04</a><br>
</li>
<li><a href="VPN.htm">IPSEC/PPTP</a> from a system behind your
firewall to a remote network.</li>
<li><a href="GenericTunnels.html">Other VPN types</a>.<br>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a
href="whitelisting_under_shorewall.htm">White List Creation</a></li>
</li>
<li><a href="whitelisting_under_shorewall.htm">White List Creation</a></li>
</ul>
<p>If you use one of these guides and have a suggestion for improvement <a
href="mailto:webmaster@shorewall.net">please let me know</a>.</p>
<p><font size="2">Last modified 7/18/2003 - <a href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a></font></p>
<p><a href="copyright.htm"><font size="2">Copyright 2002, 2003 Thomas M.
Eastep</font></a><br>
</p>
<br>
<p>If you use one of these guides and have a suggestion for improvement
<a href="mailto:webmaster@shorewall.net">please let me know</a>.</p>
<p><font size="2">Last modified 8/9/2003 - <a href="support.htm">Tom
Eastep</a></font></p>
<p><a href="copyright.htm"><font size="2">Copyright 2002, 2003 Thomas
M. Eastep</font></a><br>
</p>
<br>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
<title>Shoreline Firewall (Shorewall) 1.4</title>
<base target="_self">
<base target="_self">
</head>
<body>
<body>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="4"
style="border-collapse: collapse;" width="100%" id="AutoNumber3"
bgcolor="#3366ff">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="33%" height="90"
valign="middle" align="left"><a href="http://www.cityofshoreline.com"><img
src="images/washington.jpg" alt="" width="97" height="80" hspace="4"
border="0">
</a></td>
<td valign="middle"
bgcolor="#3366ff" width="34%" align="center">
<img
src="images/Logo1.png" alt="(Shorewall Logo)" width="430" height="90">
</td>
<td valign="top" width="33"><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="33%" height="90" valign="middle" align="center"><a
href="http://www.cityofshoreline.com"> </a><img src="images/Logo1.png"
alt="(Shorewall Logo)" width="430" height="90"> <br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div align="center">
<center>
<div align="center">
<center>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
style="border-collapse: collapse;" width="100%" id="AutoNumber4">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="90%">
<h2 align="left">What is it?</h2>
<p>The Shoreline Firewall, more commonly known as "Shorewall", is
a <a
href="http://www.netfilter.org">Netfilter</a> (iptables)
based firewall that can be used on a dedicated
firewall system, a multi-function gateway/router/server
or on a standalone GNU/Linux system.</p>
<p>This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of <a
href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">Version 2 of the
GNU General Public License</a> as published by the Free Software
Foundation.<br>
<br>
This program is distributed
in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without
even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
See the GNU General Public License for more details.<br>
<br>
You should have received a
copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not,
write to the Free Software Foundation,
Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139,
USA</p>
<p><a href="copyright.htm">Copyright 2001, 2002, 2003 Thomas M. Eastep</a></p>
<h2>This is the Shorewall 1.4 Web Site</h2>
The information on this site applies only to 1.4.x releases of Shorewall.
For older versions:<br>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="90%">
<h2>Introduction<br>
</h2>
<ul>
<li>The 1.3 site is <a href="http://www.shorewall.net/1.3"
target="_top">here.</a></li>
<li>The 1.2 site is <a href="http://shorewall.net/1.2/"
target="_top">here</a>.<br>
</li>
<li><a href="http://www.netfilter.org">Netfilter</a> - the
packet filter facility built into the 2.4 and later Linux kernels.</li>
<li>ipchains - the packet filter facility built into the 2.2
Linux kernels. Also the name of the utility program used to configure
and control that facility. Netfilter can be used in ipchains
compatibility mode.<br>
</li>
<li>iptables - the utility program used to configure and
control
Netfilter. The term 'iptables' is often used to refer to the
combination of iptables+Netfilter (with Netfilter not in
ipchains compatibility mode).<br>
</li>
</ul>
The
Shoreline Firewall, more commonly known as "Shorewall", is
high-level tool for configuring Netfilter. You describe your
firewall/gateway requirements using entries in a set of configuration
files. Shorewall reads those configuration files and with the help of
the iptables utility, Shorewall configures Netfilter to match your
requirements. Shorewall can be used on a dedicated firewall system, a
multi-function gateway/router/server or on a standalone GNU/Linux
system. Shorewall does not use Netfilter's ipchains compatibility mode
and can thus take advantage of Netfilter's connection state tracking
capabilities.
<p>This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of <a
href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">Version 2 of the
GNU General Public License</a> as published by the Free Software
Foundation.<br>
<br>
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
General Public License for more details.<br>
<br>
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA</p>
<p><a href="copyright.htm">Copyright 2001, 2002, 2003 Thomas M.
Eastep</a></p>
<h2>This is the Shorewall 1.4 Web Site</h2>
The information on this site applies only to 1.4.x releases of
Shorewall. For older versions:<br>
<ul>
<li>The 1.3 site is <a href="http://www.shorewall.net/1.3"
target="_top">here.</a></li>
<li>The 1.2 site is <a href="http://shorewall.net/1.2/"
target="_top">here</a>.<br>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>Getting Started with Shorewall</h2>
New to Shorewall? Start by selecting
the <a
href="file:///vfat/Shorewall-docs/shorewall_quickstart_guide.htm">QuickStart
Guide</a> that most closely match your environment and
follow the step by step instructions.<br>
New to Shorewall? Start by
selecting the <a href="shorewall_quickstart_guide.htm">QuickStart Guide</a>
that most closely match your environment and
follow the step by step instructions.<br>
<h2>Looking for Information?</h2>
The <a href="shorewall_quickstart_guide.htm#Documentation">Documentation
Index</a> is a good place to start as is the Quick Search to your right.
The <a href="shorewall_quickstart_guide.htm#Documentation">Documentation
Index</a> is a good place to start as is the Quick Search to your
right.
<h2>Running Shorewall on Mandrake with a two-interface setup?</h2>
If so, the documentation<b> </b>on this site
will not apply directly to your setup. If you want to use the documentation
that you find here, you will want to consider uninstalling what you
have and installing a setup that matches the documentation on
this site. See the <a href="two-interface.htm">Two-interface QuickStart
Guide</a> for details.
If so, the documentation<b> </b>on this site will not apply directly
to your setup. If you want to
use the documentation that you find here, you will want to consider
uninstalling what you have and installing a setup that matches the
documentation on this site. See the <a href="two-interface.htm">Two-interface
QuickStart Guide</a> for
details.
<h2></h2>
<h2><b>News</b></h2>
<p><b>7/20/2003 - Shorewall-1.4.6</b><b> <img border="0"
src="images/new10.gif" width="28" height="12" alt="(New)">
<br>
</b> </p>
<p><b>Problems Corrected:</b><br>
</p>
<p><b>8/9/2003 - Snapshot 1.4.6_20030809</b><b> <img
style="border: 0px solid ; width: 28px; height: 12px;"
src="images/new10.gif" alt="(New)" title=""></b><b> </b></p>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="http://shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/Snapshots/">http://shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/Snapshots/</a><br>
<a href="ftp://shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/Snapshots/"
target="_top">ftp://shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/Snapshots/</a></p>
</blockquote>
<b>Problems Corrected since version 1.4.6</b><br>
<ol>
<li>A problem seen on RH7.3 systems where Shorewall encountered
start errors when started using the "service" mechanism has been worked
around.<br>
<br>
<li>Corrected problem in 1.4.6 where the MANGLE_ENABLED
variable was being tested before it was set.</li>
<li>Corrected handling of MAC addresses in the SOURCE column of
the tcrules file. Previously, these addresses resulted in an invalid
iptables command.</li>
<li>The
"shorewall stop" command is now disabled when
/etc/shorewall/startup_disabled exists. This prevents people from
shooting themselves in the foot prior to having configured Shorewall.</li>
<li>A change introduced in version 1.4.6 caused error messages
during
"shorewall [re]start" when ADD_IP_ALIASES=Yes and ip addresses were
being added to a PPP interface; the addresses were successfully added
in spite of the messages.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br>
The firewall script has been modified to eliminate the error messages<br>
</li>
<li>Where a list of IP addresses appears in the DEST column of
a DNAT[-] rule, Shorewall incorrectly created multiple DNAT rules in the
nat table (one for each element in the list). Shorewall now correctly creates
a single DNAT rule with multiple "--to-destination" clauses.<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>Corrected a problem in Beta 1 where DNS names containing a
"-" were mis-handled when they appeared in the DEST column of a rule.<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>A number of problems with rule parsing have been corrected.
Corrections involve the handling of "z1!z2" in the SOURCE column as well
as lists in the ORIGINAL DESTINATION column.<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>The message "Adding rules for DHCP" is now suppressed if there
are no DHCP rules to add.</li>
</ol>
<p><b>Migration Issues:</b><br>
</p>
<b>Migration Issues:</b><br>
<ol>
<li>In earlier versions, an undocumented feature allowed entries
in the host file as follows:<br>
<br>
    z    eth1:192.168.1.0/24,eth2:192.168.2.0/24<br>
<br>
This capability was never documented and has been removed in 1.4.6
to allow entries of the following format:<br>
<br>
    z   eth1:192.168.1.0/24,192.168.2.0/24<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>The NAT_ENABLED, MANGLE_ENABLED and MULTIPORT options
have been removed from /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf. These capabilities
are now automatically detected by Shorewall (see below).<br>
</li>
<li>Once you have installed this version of Shorewall, you must
restart Shorewall before you may use the 'drop', 'reject', 'allow' or
'save' commands.</li>
<li>To maintain strict compatibility with previous versions,
current uses of "shorewall drop" and "shorewall reject" should be
replaced with "shorewall dropall" and "shorewall rejectall" </li>
</ol>
<p><b>New Features:</b><br>
</p>
<b>New Features:</b><br>
<ol>
<li>A 'newnotsyn' interface option has been added. This option
may be specified in /etc/shorewall/interfaces and overrides the setting
NEWNOTSYN=No for packets arriving on the associated interface.<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>The means for specifying a range of IP addresses in /etc/shorewall/masq
to use for SNAT is now documented. ADD_SNAT_ALIASES=Yes is enabled for
address ranges.<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>Shorewall can now add IP addresses to subnets other than
the first one on an interface.<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>DNAT[-] rules may now be used to load balance (round-robin)
over a set of servers. Servers may be specified in a range of addresses
given as &lt;first address&gt;-&lt;last address&gt;.<br>
<br>
Example:<br>
<br>
    DNAT net loc:192.168.10.2-192.168.10.5 tcp 80<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>The NAT_ENABLED, MANGLE_ENABLED and MULTIPORT configuration
options have been removed and have been replaced by code that detects
whether these capabilities are present in the current kernel. The output
of the start, restart and check commands have been enhanced to report the
outcome:<br>
<br>
Shorewall has detected the following iptables/netfilter capabilities:<br>
   NAT: Available<br>
   Packet Mangling: Available<br>
   Multi-port Match: Available<br>
Verifying Configuration...<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>Support for the Connection Tracking Match Extension has
been added. This extension is available in recent kernel/iptables releases
and allows for rules which match against elements in netfilter's connection
tracking table. Shorewall automatically detects the availability of this
extension and reports its availability in the output of the start, restart
and check commands.<br>
<br>
Shorewall has detected the following iptables/netfilter capabilities:<br>
   NAT: Available<br>
   Packet Mangling: Available<br>
   Multi-port Match: Available<br>
   Connection Tracking Match: Available<br>
Verifying Configuration...<br>
<br>
If this extension is available, the ruleset generated by Shorewall
is changed in the following ways:</li>
<ul>
<li>To handle 'norfc1918' filtering, Shorewall will not
create chains in the mangle table but will rather do all 'norfc1918'
filtering in the filter table (rfc1918 chain).</li>
<li>Recall that Shorewall DNAT rules generate two netfilter
rules; one in the nat table and one in the filter table. If the Connection
Tracking Match Extension is available, the rule in the filter table is
extended to check that the original destination address was the same as
specified (or defaulted to) in the DNAT rule.<br>
<br>
</li>
</ul>
<li>The shell used to interpret the firewall script (/usr/share/shorewall/firewall)
may now be specified using the SHOREWALL_SHELL parameter in shorewall.conf.<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>An 'ipcalc' command has been added to /sbin/shorewall.<br>
<br>
      ipcalc [ &lt;address&gt; &lt;netmask&gt; | &lt;address&gt;/&lt;vlsm&gt;
]<br>
<br>
Examples:<br>
<br>
      [root@wookie root]# shorewall ipcalc 192.168.1.0/24<br>
         CIDR=192.168.1.0/24<br>
         NETMASK=255.255.255.0<br>
         NETWORK=192.168.1.0<br>
         BROADCAST=192.168.1.255<br>
      [root@wookie root]#<br>
<br>
      [root@wookie root]# shorewall ipcalc 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0<br>
         CIDR=192.168.1.0/24<br>
         NETMASK=255.255.255.0<br>
         NETWORK=192.168.1.0<br>
         BROADCAST=192.168.1.255<br>
      [root@wookie root]#<br>
<br>
Warning:<br>
<br>
If your shell only supports 32-bit signed arithmatic (ash or dash),
then the ipcalc command produces incorrect information for IP addresses
128.0.0.0-1 and for /1 networks. Bash should produce correct information
for all valid IP addresses.<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>An 'iprange' command has been added to /sbin/shorewall.
<br>
<br>
      iprange &lt;address&gt;-&lt;address&gt;<br>
<br>
This command decomposes a range of IP addressses into a list of network
and host addresses. The command can be useful if you need to construct
an efficient set of rules that accept connections from a range of network
addresses.<br>
<br>
Note: If your shell only supports 32-bit signed arithmetic (ash or
dash) then the range may not span 128.0.0.0.<br>
<br>
Example:<br>
<br>
      [root@gateway root]# shorewall iprange 192.168.1.4-192.168.12.9<br>
      192.168.1.4/30<br>
      192.168.1.8/29<br>
      192.168.1.16/28<br>
      192.168.1.32/27<br>
      192.168.1.64/26<br>
      192.168.1.128/25<br>
      192.168.2.0/23<br>
      192.168.4.0/22<br>
      192.168.8.0/22<br>
      192.168.12.0/29<br>
      192.168.12.8/31<br>
      [root@gateway root]#<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>A list of host/net addresses is now allowed in an entry
in /etc/shorewall/hosts.<br>
<br>
Example:<br>
<br>
    foo    eth1:192.168.1.0/24,192.168.2.0/24<br>
<li>Shorewall now creates a dynamic blacklisting chain for each
interface defined in /etc/shorewall/interfaces. The 'drop' and 'reject'
commands use the routing table to determine which of these chains is to
be used for blacklisting the specified IP address(es).<br>
<br>
Two new commands ('dropall' and 'rejectall') have been introduced that
do what 'drop' and 'reject' used to do; namely, when an address is
blacklisted using these new commands, it will be blacklisted on all of
your firewall's interfaces.</li>
<li>Thanks to Steve Herber, the 'help' command can now give
command-specific help (e.g., shorewall help &lt;command&gt;).</li>
<li>A new option "ADMINISABSENTMINDED" has been added to
/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf. This option has a default value of "No"
for existing users which causes Shorewall's 'stopped' state &nbsp;to
continue as it has been; namely, in the stopped state only traffic
to/from hosts listed in /etc/shorewall/routestopped is accepted.<br>
<br>
With ADMINISABSENTMINDED=Yes (the default for new installs), in
addition to traffic to/from the hosts listed in
/etc/shorewall/routestopped, Shorewall will allow:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; a) All traffic originating from the firewall itself; and<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; b) All traffic that is part of or related to an
already-existing connection.<br>
<br>
&nbsp;In particular, with ADMINISABSENTMINDED=Yes, a "shorewall stop"
entered through an ssh session will not kill the session.<br>
<br>
&nbsp;Note though that even with ADMINISABSENTMINDED=Yes, it is still
possible for people to shoot themselves in the foot.<br>
<br>
&nbsp;Example:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;/etc/shorewall/nat:<br>
<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;206.124.146.178&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
eth0:0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 192.168.1.5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br>
<br>
&nbsp;/etc/shorewall/rules:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; ACCEPT&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; net&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
loc:192.168.1.5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; tcp&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 22<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; ACCEPT&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; loc&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
fw&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; tcp&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 22<br>
<br>
From a remote system, I ssh to 206.124.146.178 which establishes an SSH
connection with local system 192.168.1.5. I then create a second SSH
connection
from that computer to the firewall and confidently type "shorewall
stop".
As part of its stop processing, Shorewall removes eth0:0 which kills my
SSH
connection to 192.168.1.5!!!</li>
<li>Given
the wide range of VPN software, I can never hope to add specific
support for all of it. I have therefore decided to add "generic" tunnel
support.<br>
&nbsp;<br>
Generic tunnels work pretty much like any of the other tunnel types.
You usually add a zone to represent the systems at the other end of the
tunnel and you add the appropriate rules/policies to<br>
implement your security policy regarding traffic to/from those systems.<br>
&nbsp;<br>
In the /etc/shorewall/tunnels file, you can have entries of the form:<br>
<br>
generic:&lt;protocol&gt;[:&lt;port&gt;]&nbsp; &lt;zone&gt;&nbsp; &lt;ip
address&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;gateway zones&gt;<br>
&nbsp;<br>
where:<br>
&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;protocol&gt; is the protocol
used by the tunnel<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;port&gt;&nbsp; if the protocol
is 'udp' or 'tcp' then this is the destination port number used by the
tunnel.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;zone&gt;&nbsp; is the zone of
the remote tunnel gateway<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;ip address&gt; is the IP
address of the remote tunnel gateway.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;gateway zone&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Optional. A comma-separated list of zone
names. If specified, the remote gateway is to be considered part of
these zones.</li>
<li>An 'arp_filter' option has been added to the
/etc/shorewall/interfaces file. This option causes
/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/&lt;interface&gt;/arp_filter to be set with the
result that this interface will only answer ARP 'who-has' requests from
hosts that are routed out through that interface. Setting this option
facilitates testing of your firewall where multiple firewall interfaces
are connected to the same HUB/Switch (all interfaces connected to the
single HUB/Switch should have this option specified). Note that using
such a configuration in a production environment is strongly
recommended against.<br>
</li>
<li value="11">The "shorewall check" command now includes the chain
name when printing the applicable policy for each pair of zones.<br>
 <br>
    Example:<br>
 <br>
        Policy for dmz to net is REJECT using chain all2all<br>
 <br>
This means that the policy for connections from the dmz to the internet
is REJECT and the applicable entry in the /etc/shorewall/policy was the all-&gt;all
policy.<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>Support for the 2.6 Kernel series has been added.<br>
</li>
</ol>
<b> </b>
<ol>
</ol>
<p><b>7/15/2003 - New Mirror in Brazil</b><b> <img border="0"
src="images/new10.gif" width="28" height="12" alt="(New)">
<br>
<p><b>8/5/2003 - Shorewall-1.4.6b</b><b> <img
style="border: 0px solid ; width: 28px; height: 12px;"
src="images/new10.gif" alt="(New)" title=""> <br>
</b></p>
Thanks to the folks at securityopensource.org.br, there is now a <a
href="http://shorewall.securityopensource.org.br" target="_top">Shorewall
mirror in Brazil</a>
<p><b>6/17/2003 - Shorewall-1.4.5</b><b> </b></p>
<p>Problems Corrected:<br>
</p>
<b>Problems Corrected since version 1.4.6:</b><br>
<ol>
<li>The command "shorewall debug try &lt;directory&gt;"
now correctly traces the attempt.</li>
<li>The INCLUDE directive now works properly in the
zones file; previously, INCLUDE in that file was ignored.</li>
<li>/etc/shorewall/routestopped records with an empty
second column are no longer ignored.<br>
</li>
<li>Previously, if TC_ENABLED is set to yes in shorewall.conf
then Shorewall would fail to start with the error "ERROR: &nbsp;Traffic
Control requires Mangle"; that problem has been corrected.</li>
<li>Corrected handling of MAC addresses in the SOURCE column of
the
tcrules file. Previously, these addresses resulted in an invalid
iptables
command.</li>
<li>The "shorewall stop" command is now disabled when
/etc/shorewall/startup_disabled
exists. This prevents people from shooting themselves in the foot prior
to
having configured Shorewall.</li>
<li>A change introduced in version 1.4.6 caused error messages
during
"shorewall [re]start" when ADD_IP_ALIASES=Yes and ip addresses were
being
added to a PPP interface; the addresses were successfully added in
spite
of the messages.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; <br>
The firewall script has been modified to eliminate the error messages.</li>
</ol>
<p>New Features:<br>
</p>
<ol>
<li>The ORIGINAL DEST column in a DNAT[-] or REDIRECT[-]
rule may now contain a list of addresses. If the list begins with "!'
then the rule will take effect only if the original destination address
in the connection request does not match any of the addresses listed.</li>
</ol>
<p><b>6/15/2003 - Shorewall, Kernel 2.4.21 and iptables 1.2.8</b><b>
</b></p>
The firewall at shorewall.net has been upgraded to the 2.4.21
kernel and iptables 1.2.8 (using the "official" RPM from netfilter.org).
No problems have been encountered with this set of software. The Shorewall
version is 1.4.4b plus the accumulated changes for 1.4.5.
<p><b>6/8/2003 - Updated Samples</b><b> </b></p>
<p>Thanks to Francesca Smith, the samples have been updated to Shorewall
version 1.4.4.</p>
<p><b></b></p>
<ol>
</ol>
<p><b></b></p>
<p><b></b></p>
<blockquote>
<ol>
</ol>
</blockquote>
<p><a href="file:///Z:/Shorewall-docs/News.htm"></a></p>
<b> </b>
<p><b><a href="News.htm">More News</a></b></p>
<b> </b>
<b> </b>
<h2><b> </b></h2>
<b> </b>
<b> </b>
<p> <a href="http://leaf.sourceforge.net" target="_top"><img
border="0" src="images/leaflogo.gif" width="49" height="36"
alt="(Leaf Logo)">
</a>Jacques Nilo and Eric
Wolzak have a LEAF (router/firewall/gateway
on a floppy, CD or compact flash) distribution
called <i>Bering</i> that
features Shorewall-1.4.2 and Kernel-2.4.20.
You can find their work at:
<a href="http://leaf.sourceforge.net/devel/jnilo"> http://leaf.sourceforge.net/devel/jnilo</a></p>
<b>Congratulations to Jacques
and Eric on the recent release of Bering
1.2!!! </b><br>
alt="(Leaf Logo)"> </a>Jacques Nilo and Eric Wolzak have a LEAF
(router/firewall/gateway on a floppy, CD or compact flash) distribution
called <i>Bering</i> that features Shorewall-1.4.2 and Kernel-2.4.20.
You can find their work at: <a
href="http://leaf.sourceforge.net/devel/jnilo">
http://leaf.sourceforge.net/devel/jnilo</a></p>
<b>Congratulations to Jacques and Eric on the recent release of
Bering 1.2!!! </b><br>
<h1 align="center"><b><a href="http://www.sf.net"><img
align="left" alt="SourceForge Logo"
src="http://sourceforge.net/sflogo.php?group_id=22587&amp;type=3">
</a></b></h1>
<b> </b>
<h4><b> </b></h4>
<b> </b>
src="http://sourceforge.net/sflogo.php?group_id=22587&amp;type=3"> </a></b></h1>
<b> </b>
<h4><b> </b></h4>
<b> </b>
<h2><b>This site is hosted by the generous folks at <a
href="http://www.sf.net">SourceForge.net</a> </b></h2>
<b> </b>
href="http://www.sf.net">SourceForge.net</a> </b></h2>
<b> </b>
<h2><b><a name="Donations"></a>Donations</b></h2>
<b>
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<p align="center"><a href="http://www.starlight.org"> <img
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<p align="center"><a href="http://www.starlight.org"> <img
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hspace="10">
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hspace="10"> </a></p>
<p align="center"><font size="4" color="#ffffff"><br>
<font size="+2">Shorewall is free but if you
try it and find it useful, please consider making a donation
to
<a href="http://www.starlight.org"><font color="#ffffff">Starlight
Children's Foundation.</font></a> Thanks!</font></font></p>
</td>
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<font size="+2">Shorewall is free but if you try it and find it
useful, please consider making a donation to <a
href="http://www.starlight.org"><font color="#ffffff">Starlight
Children's Foundation.</font></a> Thanks!</font></font></p>
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<p><font size="2">Updated 7/19/2003 - <a href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a></font>
<br>
<p><font size="2">Updated 8/9/2003 - <a href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a></font>
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<h1 align="center"><font color="#ffffff">Standalone Firewall</font></h1>
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<h2 align="center">Version 2.0.1</h2>
<p align="left">Setting up Shorewall on a standalone Linux system is very
easy if you understand the basics and follow the documentation.</p>
<p>This guide doesn't attempt to acquaint you with all of the features of
Shorewall. It rather focuses on what is required to configure Shorewall
in one of its most common configurations:</p>
<p align="left">Setting up Shorewall on a standalone Linux system is
very easy if you understand the basics and follow the documentation.</p>
<p>This guide doesn't attempt to acquaint you with all of the features
of Shorewall. It rather focuses on what is required to configure
Shorewall in one of its most common configurations:</p>
<ul>
<li>Linux system</li>
<li>Single external IP address</li>
<li>Connection through Cable Modem, DSL, ISDN, Frame Relay, dial-up...</li>
<li>Linux system</li>
<li>Single external IP address</li>
<li>Connection through Cable Modem, DSL, ISDN, Frame Relay,
dial-up...</li>
</ul>
<p>Shorewall requires that you have the iproute/iproute2 package installed
(on RedHat, the package is called <i>iproute</i>)<i>. </i>You can tell
if this package is installed by the presence of an <b>ip</b> program on
your firewall system. As root, you can use the 'which' command to check
for this program:</p>
<p>Shorewall requires that you have the iproute/iproute2 package
installed (on RedHat, the package is called <i>iproute</i>)<i>. </i>You
can tell if this package is installed by the presence of an <b>ip</b>
program
on your firewall system. As root, you can use the 'which' command to
check for this program:</p>
<pre> [root@gateway root]# which ip<br> /sbin/ip<br> [root@gateway root]#</pre>
<p>I recommend that you read through the guide first to familiarize yourself
with what's involved then go back through it again making your configuration
changes.  Points at which configuration changes are recommended are flagged
with <img border="0" src="images/BD21298_.gif" width="13"
height="13">
.</p>
<p>I recommend that you read through the guide first to familiarize
yourself with what's involved then go back through it again making your
configuration changes.&nbsp; Points at which configuration changes are
recommended are
flagged with <img border="0" src="images/BD21298_.gif" width="13"
height="13"> .</p>
<p><img border="0" src="images/j0213519.gif" width="60" height="60">
    If you edit your configuration files on a Windows system, you
must save them as Unix files if your editor supports that option or you
must run them through dos2unix before trying to use them. Similarly, if
you copy a configuration file from your Windows hard drive to a floppy
disk, you must run dos2unix against the copy before using it with Shorewall.</p>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; If you edit your configuration files on a Windows
system,
you must save them as Unix files if your editor supports that option
or you must run them through dos2unix before trying to use them.
Similarly,
if you copy a configuration file from your Windows hard drive to a
floppy disk, you must run dos2unix against the copy before using it
with Shorewall.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.simtel.net/pub/pd/51438.html">Windows
Version of dos2unix</a></li>
<li><a
href="http://www.megaloman.com/%7Ehany/software/hd2u/">Linux Version
of dos2unix</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.simtel.net/pub/pd/51438.html">Windows Version
of dos2unix</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.megaloman.com/%7Ehany/software/hd2u/">Linux
Version of dos2unix</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 align="left">PPTP/ADSL</h2>
<img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 13px; height: 13px;"
src="images/BD21298_3.gif" title="" alt="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; If you
have an ADSL Modem and you use PPTP to communicate with a server in
that modem, you must make the <a href="PPTP.htm#PPTP_ADSL">changes
recommended here</a> in addition to those described in the steps below.
ADSL with PPTP is most commonly found in Europe, notably in Austria.<br>
<h2 align="left">Shorewall Concepts</h2>
<p> <img border="0" src="images/BD21298_.gif" width="13" height="13"
alt="">
    The configuration files for Shorewall are contained in the directory
/etc/shorewall -- for simple setups, you only need to deal with a few
of these as described in this guide. After you have <a
href="Install.htm">installed Shorewall</a>, <b>download the <a
href="http://www1.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/Samples/">one-interface sample</a>,
un-tar it (tar -zxvf one-interface.tgz) and and copy the files to /etc/shorewall
(they will replace files with the same names that were placed in /etc/shorewall
during Shorewall installation)</b>.</p>
<p>As each file is introduced, I suggest that you look through the actual
file on your system -- each file contains detailed configuration instructions
and default entries.</p>
<p>Shorewall views the network where it is running as being composed of a
set of <i>zones.</i> In the one-interface sample configuration, only
one zone is defined:</p>
alt=""> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The configuration files for Shorewall are
contained in the directory /etc/shorewall -- for simple setups, you
only need to deal with a few of these as described in this guide. After
you have <a href="Install.htm">installed Shorewall</a>, <b>download
the <a href="http://www1.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/Samples/">one-interface
sample</a>, un-tar it (tar -zxvf one-interface.tgz) and and copy the
files to /etc/shorewall (they will replace files with the same names
that were placed in /etc/shorewall during Shorewall installation)</b>.</p>
<p>As each file is introduced, I suggest that you look through the
actual file on your system -- each file contains detailed configuration
instructions and default entries.</p>
<p>Shorewall views the network where it is running as being composed of
a set of <i>zones.</i> In the one-interface sample configuration, only
one zone is defined:</p>
<table border="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;" cellpadding="3"
cellspacing="0" id="AutoNumber2">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><u><b>Name</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>Description</b></u></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>net</b></td>
<td><b>The Internet</b></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><u><b>Name</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>Description</b></u></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>net</b></td>
<td><b>The Internet</b></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Shorewall zones are defined in <a href="Documentation.htm#Zones"> /etc/shorewall/zones</a>.</p>
<p>Shorewall also recognizes the firewall system as its own zone - by default,
the firewall itself is known as <b>fw</b>.</p>
<p>Rules about what traffic to allow and what traffic to deny are expressed
in terms of zones.</p>
<p>Shorewall zones are defined in <a href="Documentation.htm#Zones">
/etc/shorewall/zones</a>.</p>
<p>Shorewall also recognizes the firewall system as its own zone - by
default, the firewall itself is known as <b>fw</b>.</p>
<p>Rules about what traffic to allow and what traffic to deny are
expressed in terms of zones.</p>
<ul>
<li>You express your default policy for connections from one
zone to another zone in the<a href="Documentation.htm#Policy"> /etc/shorewall/policy
</a>file.</li>
<li>You define exceptions to those default policies in the
<a href="Documentation.htm#Rules">/etc/shorewall/rules </a>file.</li>
<li>You express your default policy for connections from one zone to
another zone in the<a href="Documentation.htm#Policy">
/etc/shorewall/policy </a>file.</li>
<li>You define exceptions to those default policies in the <a
href="Documentation.htm#Rules">/etc/shorewall/rules </a>file.</li>
</ul>
<p>For each connection request entering the firewall, the request is first
checked against the /etc/shorewall/rules file. If no rule in that file
matches the connection request then the first policy in /etc/shorewall/policy
that matches the request is applied. If that policy is REJECT or DROP 
the request is first checked against the rules in /etc/shorewall/common
(the samples provide that file for you).</p>
<p>The /etc/shorewall/policy file included with the one-interface sample has
the following policies:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>For each connection request entering the firewall, the request is
first checked against the /etc/shorewall/rules file. If no rule in that
file matches the connection request then the first policy in
/etc/shorewall/policy that matches the request is applied. If that
policy is REJECT or DROP&nbsp; the request is first checked against the
rules in /etc/shorewall/common (the samples provide that file for you).</p>
<p>The /etc/shorewall/policy file included with the one-interface
sample
has the following policies:</p>
<blockquote>
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
id="AutoNumber3">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><u><b>SOURCE ZONE</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>DESTINATION ZONE</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>POLICY</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>LOG LEVEL</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>LIMIT:BURST</b></u></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>fw</td>
<td>net</td>
<td>ACCEPT</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>net</td>
<td>all<br>
</td>
<td>DROP</td>
<td>info</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>all</td>
<td>all</td>
<td>REJECT</td>
<td>info</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><u><b>SOURCE ZONE</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>DESTINATION ZONE</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>POLICY</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>LOG LEVEL</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>LIMIT:BURST</b></u></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>fw</td>
<td>net</td>
<td>ACCEPT</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>net</td>
<td>all<br>
</td>
<td>DROP</td>
<td>info</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>all</td>
<td>all</td>
<td>REJECT</td>
<td>info</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<p>The above policy will:</p>
<ol>
<li>allow all connection requests from the firewall to the internet</li>
<li>drop (ignore) all connection requests from the internet to
your firewall</li>
<li>reject all other connection requests (Shorewall requires
this catchall policy).</li>
<li>allow all connection requests from the firewall to the internet</li>
<li>drop (ignore) all connection requests from the internet
to your firewall</li>
<li>reject all other connection requests (Shorewall requires this
catchall policy).</li>
</ol>
<p>At this point, edit your /etc/shorewall/policy and make any changes that
you wish.</p>
<p>At this point, edit your /etc/shorewall/policy and make any changes
that you wish.</p>
<h2 align="left">External Interface</h2>
<p align="left">The firewall has a single network interface. Where Internet
connectivity is through a cable or DSL "Modem", the <i>External Interface</i>
will be the ethernet adapter (<b>eth0</b>) that is connected to that
"Modem"  <u>unless</u> you connect via <i><u>P</u>oint-to-<u>P</u>oint
<u>P</u>rotocol over <u>E</u>thernet</i> (PPPoE) or <i><u>P</u>oint-to-<u>P</u>oint
<u>T</u>unneling <u>P</u>rotocol </i>(PPTP) in which case the External
Interface will be a <b>ppp0</b>. If you connect via a regular modem, your
External Interface will also be <b>ppp0</b>. If you connect using ISDN,
your external interface will be<b> ippp0.</b></p>
<p align="left">The firewall has a single network interface. Where
Internet connectivity is through a cable or DSL "Modem", the <i>External
Interface</i> will be the ethernet adapter (<b>eth0</b>) that is
connected to that "Modem"&nbsp; <u>unless</u> you connect via <i><u>P</u>oint-to-<u>P</u>oint
<u>P</u>rotocol over <u>E</u>thernet</i> (PPPoE) or <i><u>P</u>oint-to-<u>P</u>oint
<u>T</u>unneling <u>P</u>rotocol </i>(PPTP) in which case the
External Interface will be a <b>ppp0</b>. If you connect via a regular
modem, your External Interface will also be <b>ppp0</b>. If you
connect using ISDN, your external interface will be<b> ippp0.</b></p>
<p align="left"><img border="0" src="images/BD21298_3.gif" width="13"
height="13">
    The Shorewall one-interface sample configuration assumes that
the external interface is <b>eth0</b>. If your configuration is different,
you will have to modify the sample /etc/shorewall/interfaces file accordingly.
While you are there, you may wish to review the list of options that
are specified for the interface. Some hints:</p>
height="13"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The Shorewall one-interface sample
configuration assumes that the external interface is <b>eth0</b>. If
your configuration is different, you will have to modify the sample
/etc/shorewall/interfaces file accordingly. While you are there, you
may wish to review the list of options that are specified for the
interface. Some hints:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p align="left">If your external interface is <b>ppp0</b> or <b>ippp0</b>,
you can replace the "detect" in the second column with "-". </p>
</li>
<li>
<p align="left">If your external interface is <b>ppp0</b> or <b>ippp0</b>
or if you have a static IP address, you can remove "dhcp" from the
option list. </p>
</li>
<li>
<p align="left">If your external interface is <b>ppp0</b> or <b>ippp0</b>,
you can replace the "detect" in the second column with "-". </p>
</li>
<li>
<p align="left">If your external interface is <b>ppp0</b> or <b>ippp0</b>
or if you have a static IP address, you can remove "dhcp" from the
option list.<br>
</p>
</li>
</ul>
<div align="left">
<div align="left">
<h2 align="left">IP Addresses</h2>
</div>
<div align="left">
<p align="left">RFC 1918 reserves several <i>Private </i>IP address ranges
for use in private networks:</p>
<div align="left">
</div>
<div align="left">
<p align="left">RFC 1918 reserves several <i>Private </i>IP address
ranges for use in private networks:</p>
<div align="left">
<pre> 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255<br> 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255<br> 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255</pre>
</div>
<p align="left">These addresses are sometimes referred to as <i>non-routable</i>
because the Internet backbone routers will not forward a packet whose
destination address is reserved by RFC 1918. In some cases though, ISPs
are assigning these addresses then using <i>Network Address Translation
</i>to rewrite packet headers when forwarding to/from the internet.</p>
</div>
<p align="left">These addresses are sometimes referred to as <i>non-routable</i>
because the Internet backbone routers will not forward a packet whose
destination address is reserved by RFC 1918. In some cases though,
ISPs are assigning these addresses then using <i>Network Address
Translation </i>to rewrite packet headers when forwarding to/from the
internet.</p>
<p align="left"><img border="0" src="images/BD21298_.gif" align="left"
width="13" height="13">
     Before starting Shorewall, you should look at the IP address
of your external interface and if it is one of the above ranges, you
should remove the 'norfc1918' option from the entry in /etc/shorewall/interfaces.</p>
</div>
<div align="left">
width="13" height="13"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Before starting
Shorewall, you should look at the IP address of your external interface
and if it is one of the above ranges, you should remove the 'norfc1918'
option from the entry in /etc/shorewall/interfaces.</p>
</div>
<div align="left">
<h2 align="left">Enabling other Connections</h2>
</div>
<div align="left">
<p align="left">If you wish to enable connections from the internet to your
firewall, the general format is:</p>
</div>
<div align="left">
<blockquote>
</div>
<div align="left">
<p align="left">If you wish to enable connections from the internet to
your firewall, the general format is:</p>
</div>
<div align="left">
<blockquote>
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
id="AutoNumber4">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><u><b>ACTION</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>SOURCE</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>DESTINATION</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>PROTOCOL</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>PORT</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>SOURCE PORT</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>ORIGINAL ADDRESS</b></u></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ACCEPT</td>
<td>net</td>
<td>fw</td>
<td><i>&lt;protocol&gt;</i></td>
<td><i>&lt;port&gt;</i></td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><u><b>ACTION</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>SOURCE</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>DESTINATION</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>PROTOCOL</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>PORT</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>SOURCE PORT</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>ORIGINAL ADDRESS</b></u></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ACCEPT</td>
<td>net</td>
<td>fw</td>
<td><i>&lt;protocol&gt;</i></td>
<td><i>&lt;port&gt;</i></td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div align="left">
<p align="left">Example - You want to run a Web Server and a POP3 Server on
your firewall system:</p>
</div>
<div align="left">
<blockquote>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div align="left">
<p align="left">Example - You want to run a Web Server and a POP3
Server
on your firewall system:</p>
</div>
<div align="left">
<blockquote>
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
id="AutoNumber5">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><u><b>ACTION</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>SOURCE</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>DESTINATION</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>PROTOCOL</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>PORT</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>SOURCE PORT</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>ORIGINAL ADDRESS</b></u></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ACCEPT</td>
<td>net</td>
<td>fw</td>
<td>tcp</td>
<td>80</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ACCEPT</td>
<td>net</td>
<td>fw</td>
<td>tcp</td>
<td>110</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><u><b>ACTION</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>SOURCE</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>DESTINATION</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>PROTOCOL</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>PORT</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>SOURCE PORT</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>ORIGINAL ADDRESS</b></u></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ACCEPT</td>
<td>net</td>
<td>fw</td>
<td>tcp</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ACCEPT</td>
<td>net</td>
<td>fw</td>
<td>tcp</td>
<td>110</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div align="left">
<p align="left">If you don't know what port and protocol a particular application
uses, see <a href="ports.htm">here</a>.</p>
</div>
<div align="left">
<p align="left"><b>Important: </b>I don't recommend enabling telnet to/from
the internet because it uses clear text (even for login!). If you want
shell access to your firewall from the internet, use SSH:</p>
</div>
<div align="left">
<blockquote>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div align="left">
<p align="left">If you don't know what port and protocol a particular
application uses, see <a href="ports.htm">here</a>.</p>
</div>
<div align="left">
<p align="left"><b>Important: </b>I don't recommend enabling telnet
to/from the internet because it uses clear text (even for login!). If
you
want shell access to your firewall from the internet, use SSH:</p>
</div>
<div align="left">
<blockquote>
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
id="AutoNumber4">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><u><b>ACTION</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>SOURCE</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>DESTINATION</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>PROTOCOL</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>PORT</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>SOURCE PORT</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>ORIGINAL ADDRESS</b></u></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ACCEPT</td>
<td>net</td>
<td>fw</td>
<td>tcp</td>
<td>22</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><u><b>ACTION</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>SOURCE</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>DESTINATION</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>PROTOCOL</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>PORT</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>SOURCE PORT</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>ORIGINAL ADDRESS</b></u></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ACCEPT</td>
<td>net</td>
<td>fw</td>
<td>tcp</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div align="left">
</blockquote>
</div>
<div align="left">
<p align="left"><img border="0" src="images/BD21298_3.gif" width="13"
height="13">
    At this point, edit /etc/shorewall/rules to add other connections
as desired.</p>
</div>
<div align="left">
height="13"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; At this point, edit
/etc/shorewall/rules to add other connections as desired.</p>
</div>
<div align="left">
<h2 align="left">Starting and Stopping Your Firewall</h2>
</div>
<div align="left">
<p align="left"> <img border="0" src="images/BD21298_2.gif"
width="13" height="13" alt="Arrow">
    The <a href="Install.htm">installation procedure </a> configures
your system to start Shorewall at system boot but beginning with Shorewall
version 1.3.9 startup is disabled so that your system won't try to start
Shorewall before configuration is complete. Once you have completed configuration
of your firewall, you can enable Shorewall startup by removing the file
/etc/shorewall/startup_disabled.<br>
</p>
<p align="left"><font color="#ff0000"><b>IMPORTANT</b>: Users of the .deb
package must edit /etc/default/shorewall and set 'startup=1'.</font><br>
</p>
</div>
<div align="left">
<p align="left">The firewall is started using the "shorewall start" command
and stopped using "shorewall stop". When the firewall is stopped, routing
is enabled on those hosts that have an entry in <a
href="Documentation.htm#Routestopped">/etc/shorewall/routestopped</a>. A
running firewall may be restarted using the "shorewall restart" command.
If you want to totally remove any trace of Shorewall from your Netfilter
configuration, use "shorewall clear".</p>
</div>
<div align="left">
<p align="left"><b>WARNING: </b>If you are connected to your firewall from
the internet, do not issue a "shorewall stop" command unless you have
added an entry for the IP address that you are connected from to <a
href="Documentation.htm#Routestopped">/etc/shorewall/routestopped</a>.
Also, I don't recommend using "shorewall restart"; it is better to create
an <i><a href="configuration_file_basics.htm#Configs">alternate configuration</a></i>
and test it using the <a
href="starting_and_stopping_shorewall.htm">"shorewall try" command</a>.</p>
</div>
<p align="left"><font size="2">Last updated 2/21/2003 - <a
</div>
<div align="left">
<p align="left"> <img border="0" src="images/BD21298_2.gif" width="13"
height="13" alt="Arrow"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The <a href="Install.htm">installation
procedure </a> configures your system to start Shorewall at system
boot but beginning with Shorewall version 1.3.9 startup is disabled so
that your system won't try to start Shorewall before configuration is
complete. Once you have completed configuration of your firewall, you
can enable Shorewall startup by removing the file
/etc/shorewall/startup_disabled.<br>
</p>
<p align="left"><font color="#ff0000"><b>IMPORTANT</b>: Users of the
.deb package must edit /etc/default/shorewall and set 'startup=1'.</font><br>
</p>
</div>
<div align="left">
<p align="left">The firewall is started using the "shorewall start"
command and stopped using "shorewall stop". When the firewall is
stopped,
routing is enabled on those hosts that have an entry in <a
href="Documentation.htm#Routestopped">/etc/shorewall/routestopped</a>.
A running firewall may be restarted using the "shorewall restart"
command. If you want to totally remove any trace of Shorewall from your
Netfilter configuration, use "shorewall clear".</p>
</div>
<div align="left">
<p align="left"><b>WARNING: </b>If you are connected to your firewall
from the internet, do not issue a "shorewall stop" command unless you
have added an entry for the IP address that you are connected from
to <a href="Documentation.htm#Routestopped">/etc/shorewall/routestopped</a>.
Also, I don't recommend using "shorewall restart"; it is better to
create an <i><a href="configuration_file_basics.htm#Configs">alternate
configuration</a></i> and test it using the <a
href="starting_and_stopping_shorewall.htm">"shorewall try" command</a>.</p>
</div>
<p align="left"><font size="2">Last updated 2/08/2003 - <a
href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a></font></p>
<p align="left"><a href="copyright.htm"><font size="2">Copyright 2002, 2003
Thomas M. Eastep</font></a></p>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<p align="left"><a href="copyright.htm"><font size="2">Copyright 2002,
2003 Thomas M. Eastep</font></a></p>
</body>
</html>

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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 5.0">
<meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
<title>Starting and Stopping Shorewall</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
style="border-collapse: collapse;" bordercolor="#111111" width="100%"
id="AutoNumber1" bgcolor="#3366ff" height="90">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="100%">
<h1 align="center"><font color="#ffffff">Starting/Stopping and Monitoring
the Firewall</font></h1>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="100%">
<h1 align="center"><font color="#ffffff">Starting/Stopping and Monitoring
the Firewall</font></h1>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> If you have a permanent internet connection such as DSL or Cable,
I recommend that you start the firewall automatically at boot.
Once you have installed "firewall" in your init.d directory, simply
type "chkconfig --add firewall". This will start the firewall
in run levels 2-5 and stop it in run levels 1 and 6. If you want
to configure your firewall differently from this default, you can
<p> If you have a permanent internet connection such as DSL or Cable,
I recommend that you start the firewall automatically at boot.
Once you have installed "firewall" in your init.d directory, simply
type "chkconfig --add firewall". This will start the firewall
in run levels 2-5 and stop it in run levels 1 and 6. If you want
to configure your firewall differently from this default, you can
use the "--level" option in chkconfig (see "man chkconfig") or using
your favorite graphical run-level editor.</p>
<p><strong><u> <font color="#000099"> Important Notes:</font></u></strong><br>
</p>
</p>
<ol>
<li>Shorewall startup is disabled by default. Once you have
configured your firewall, you can enable startup by removing the file
/etc/shorewall/startup_disabled. Note: Users of the .deb package must
edit /etc/default/shorewall and set 'startup=1'.<br>
</li>
<li>If you use dialup, you may want to start the firewall
in your /etc/ppp/ip-up.local script. I recommend just placing "shorewall
restart" in that script.</li>
<li>Shorewall startup is disabled by default. Once you
have configured your firewall, you can enable startup by removing the
file /etc/shorewall/startup_disabled. Note: Users of the .deb package
must edit /etc/default/shorewall and set 'startup=1'.<br>
</li>
<li>If you use dialup, you may want to start the firewall
in your /etc/ppp/ip-up.local script. I recommend just placing "shorewall
restart" in that script.</li>
</ol>
<p> </p>
<p> You can manually start and stop Shoreline Firewall using the "shorewall"
shell program: </p>
<p> You can manually start and stop Shoreline Firewall using the "shorewall"
shell program. Please refer to the <a
href="file:///vfat/Shorewall-docs/starting_and_stopping_shorewall.htm#StateDiagram">Shorewall
State Diagram</a> is shown at the bottom of this page. </p>
<ul>
<li>shorewall start - starts the firewall</li>
<li>shorewall stop - stops the firewall</li>
<li>shorewall restart - stops the firewall (if it's
running) and then starts it again</li>
<li>shorewall reset - reset the packet and byte counters
in the firewall</li>
<li>shorewall clear - remove all rules and chains
installed by Shoreline Firewall</li>
<li>shorewall refresh - refresh the rules involving the
broadcast addresses of firewall interfaces, <a
<li>shorewall start - starts the firewall</li>
<li>shorewall stop - stops the firewall; the only traffic
permitted through the firewall is from systems listed in /etc/shorewall/routestopped
(Beginning with version 1.4.7, if ADMINISABSENTMINDED=Yes in /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf
then in addition, all existing connections are permitted and any new connections
originating from the firewall itself are allowed).</li>
<li>shorewall restart - stops the firewall (if it's
running) and then starts it again</li>
<li>shorewall reset - reset the packet and byte counters
in the firewall</li>
<li>shorewall clear - remove all rules and chains
installed by Shoreline Firewall. The firewall is "wide open"</li>
<li>shorewall refresh - refresh the rules involving
the broadcast addresses of firewall interfaces, <a
href="blacklisting_support.htm">the black list</a>, <a
href="traffic_shaping.htm">traffic control rules</a> and <a
href="ECN.html">ECN control rules</a>.</li>
</ul>
If you include the keyword <i>debug</i> as the first argument,
then a shell trace of the command is produced as in:<br>
If you include the keyword <i>debug</i> as the first argument,
then a shell trace of the command is produced as in:<br>
<pre> <font color="#009900"><b>shorewall debug start 2&gt; /tmp/trace</b></font><br></pre>
<p>The above command would trace the 'start' command and place the trace
information in the file /tmp/trace<br>
</p>
<p>The <a href="#StateDiagram">Shorewall State Diagram</a> is shown at the
bottom of this page.<br>
</p>
<p>The "shorewall" program may also be used to monitor the firewall.</p>
<ul>
<li>shorewall status - produce a verbose report about the
firewall (iptables -L -n -v)</li>
<li>shorewall show <i>chain</i> - produce a verbose report
about <i>chain </i>(iptables -L <i>chain</i> -n -v)</li>
<li>shorewall show nat - produce a verbose report about
the nat table (iptables -t nat -L -n -v)</li>
<li>shorewall show tos - produce a verbose report about
the mangle table (iptables -t mangle -L -n -v)</li>
<li>shorewall show log - display the last 20 packet log
entries.</li>
<li>shorewall show connections - displays the IP connections
currently being tracked by the firewall.</li>
<li>shorewall
show tc - displays
information about the traffic control/shaping configuration.</li>
<li>shorewall monitor [ delay ] - Continuously display
the firewall status, last 20 log entries and nat. When the
log entry display changes, an audible alarm is sounded.</li>
<li>shorewall hits - Produces several reports about the
Shorewall packet log messages in the current /var/log/messages
file.</li>
<li>shorewall version - Displays the installed version
number.</li>
<li>shorewall check - Performs a <u>cursory</u> validation of
the zones, interfaces, hosts, rules and policy files.<br>
<br>
<font size="4" color="#ff6666"><b>The "check" command is totally unsuppored
and does not parse and validate the generated iptables commands.
Even though the "check" command completes successfully, the configuration
may fail to start. Problem reports that complain about errors that the 'check'
command does not detect will not be accepted.<br>
<br>
See the recommended way to make configuration changes described
below.</b></font><br>
<br>
</li>
<li>shorewall try<i> configuration-directory</i> [<i> timeout</i>
] - Restart shorewall using the specified configuration and if
an error occurs or if the<i> timeout </i> option is given and the new
configuration has been up for that many seconds then shorewall is
restarted using the standard configuration.</li>
<li>shorewall deny, shorewall reject, shorewall accept
and shorewall save implement <a
href="blacklisting_support.htm">dynamic blacklisting</a>.</li>
<li>shorewall logwatch (added in version 1.3.2) - Monitors
the <a href="#Conf">LOGFILE </a>and produces an audible alarm
when new Shorewall messages are logged.</li>
</ul>
Beginning with Shorewall 1.4.6, /sbin/shorewall supports a couple of commands
for dealing with IP addresses and IP address ranges:<br>
<p>The above command would trace the 'start' command and place the trace information
in the file /tmp/trace<br>
</p>
<p>Beginning with version 1.4.7, shorewall can give detailed help about each
of its commands:<br>
</p>
<ul>
<li>shorewall ipcalc [ <i>address mask </i>| <i>address/vlsm</i> ] - displays
the network address, broadcast address, network in CIDR notation and netmask
corresponding to the input[s].</li>
<li>shorewall iprange <i>address1-address2</i> - Decomposes the specified
range of IP addresses into the equivalent list of network/host addresses.
<br>
<li>shorewall help [ <i>command</i> | host | address ]<br>
</li>
</ul>
Finally, the "shorewall" program may be used to dynamically alter the
contents of a zone.<br>
<p>The "shorewall" program may also be used to monitor the firewall.</p>
<ul>
<li>shorewall add <i>interface</i>[:<i>host]</i> <i>zone </i>-
Adds the specified interface (and host if included) to the specified
zone.</li>
<li>shorewall delete <i>interface</i>[:<i>host]</i> <i>zone
</i>- Deletes the specified interface (and host if included) from
the specified zone.</li>
<li>shorewall status - produce a verbose report about
the firewall (iptables -L -n -v)</li>
<li>shorewall show <i>chain</i> - produce a verbose
report about <i>chain </i>(iptables -L <i>chain</i>
-n -v)</li>
<li>shorewall show nat - produce a verbose report about
the nat table (iptables -t nat -L -n -v)</li>
<li>shorewall show tos - produce a verbose report about
the mangle table (iptables -t mangle -L -n -v)</li>
<li>shorewall show log - display the last 20 packet
log entries.</li>
<li>shorewall show connections - displays the IP connections
currently being tracked by the firewall.</li>
<li>shorewall
show tc
- displays information about the traffic control/shaping configuration.</li>
<li>shorewall monitor [ delay ] - Continuously display
the firewall status, last 20 log entries and nat. When the
log entry display changes, an audible alarm is sounded.</li>
<li>shorewall hits - Produces several reports about
the Shorewall packet log messages in the current /var/log/messages
file.</li>
<li>shorewall version - Displays the installed
version number.</li>
<li>shorewall check - Performs a <u>cursory</u> validation of
the zones, interfaces, hosts, rules and policy files.<br>
<br>
<font size="4" color="#ff6666"><b>The "check" command is totally
unsuppored and does not parse and validate the generated iptables
commands. Even though the "check" command completes successfully,
the configuration may fail to start. Problem reports that complain about
errors that the 'check' command does not detect will not be accepted.<br>
<br>
See the recommended way to make configuration changes described
below.</b></font><br>
<br>
</li>
<li>shorewall try<i> configuration-directory</i> [<i>
timeout</i> ] - Restart shorewall using the specified configuration
and if an error occurs or if the<i> timeout </i> option is given
and the new configuration has been up for that many seconds then
shorewall is restarted using the standard configuration.</li>
<li>shorewall deny, shorewall reject, shorewall accept
and shorewall save implement <a
href="blacklisting_support.htm">dynamic blacklisting</a>.</li>
<li>shorewall logwatch (added in version 1.3.2) - Monitors
the <a href="#Conf">LOGFILE </a>and produces an audible alarm
when new Shorewall messages are logged.</li>
</ul>
Beginning with Shorewall 1.4.6, /sbin/shorewall supports a couple of
commands for dealing with IP addresses and IP address ranges:<br>
<ul>
<li>shorewall ipcalc [ <i>address mask </i>| <i>address/vlsm</i> ]
- displays the network address, broadcast address, network in CIDR notation
and netmask corresponding to the input[s].</li>
<li>shorewall iprange <i>address1-address2</i> - Decomposes the specified
range of IP addresses into the equivalent list of network/host addresses.
<br>
</li>
</ul>
There is a set of commands dealing with <a
href="blacklisting_support.htm">dynamic blacklisting</a>:<br>
<ul>
<li>shorewall drop <i>&lt;ip address list&gt; </i>- causes packets from
the listed IP addresses to be silently dropped by the firewall.</li>
<li>shorewall reject <i>&lt;ip address list&gt; </i>- causes packets from
the listed IP addresses to be rejected by the firewall.</li>
<li>shorewall allow <i>&lt;ip address list&gt; </i>- re-enables receipt
of packets from hosts previously blacklisted by a <i>drop</i> or <i>reject</i>
command.</li>
<li>shorewall save - save the dynamic blacklisting configuration so that
it will be automatically restored the next time that the firewall is
restarted.</li>
<li>show dynamic - displays the dynamic blacklisting chain.<br>
</li>
</ul>
Finally, the "shorewall" program may be used to dynamically alter the
contents of a zone.<br>
<ul>
<li>shorewall add <i>interface</i>[:<i>host]</i> <i>zone
</i>- Adds the specified interface (and host if included) to the
specified zone.</li>
<li>shorewall delete <i>interface</i>[:<i>host]</i> <i>zone
</i>- Deletes the specified interface (and host if included) from
the specified zone.</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>Examples:<br>
<blockquote><font color="#009900"><b>shorewall add ipsec0:192.0.2.24 vpn1</b></font>
-- adds the address 192.0.2.24 from interface ipsec0 to the zone vpn1<br>
<font color="#009900"><b> shorewall delete ipsec0:192.0.2.24
vpn1</b></font> -- deletes the address 192.0.2.24 from interface ipsec0
from zone vpn1<br>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<p> The <b>shorewall start</b>, <b>shorewall restart, shorewall check, </b>and
<b>shorewall try </b>commands allow you to specify which <a
href="configuration_file_basics.htm#Configs"> Shorewall configuration</a>
to use:</p>
<blockquote>
<blockquote><font color="#009900"><b>shorewall add ipsec0:192.0.2.24 vpn1</b></font>
-- adds the address 192.0.2.24 from interface ipsec0 to the zone vpn1<br>
<font color="#009900"><b> shorewall delete ipsec0:192.0.2.24
vpn1</b></font> -- deletes the address 192.0.2.24 from interface ipsec0
from zone vpn1<br>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<p> The <b>shorewall start</b>, <b>shorewall restart, shorewall check, </b>and
<b>shorewall try </b>commands allow you to specify which <a
href="configuration_file_basics.htm#Configs"> Shorewall configuration</a>
to use:</p>
<blockquote>
<p> shorewall [ -c <i>configuration-directory</i> ] {start|restart|check}<br>
shorewall try <i>configuration-directory</i></p>
</blockquote>
<p> If a <i>configuration-directory</i> is specified, each time that Shorewall
is going to use a file in /etc/shorewall it will first look in the
<i>configuration-directory</i> . If the file is present in the <i>configuration-directory</i>,
that file will be used; otherwise, the file in /etc/shorewall will
shorewall try <i>configuration-directory</i></p>
</blockquote>
<p> If a <i>configuration-directory</i> is specified, each time that Shorewall
is going to use a file in /etc/shorewall it will first look in the
<i>configuration-directory</i> . If the file is present in the <i>configuration-directory</i>,
that file will be used; otherwise, the file in /etc/shorewall will
be used.</p>
<p> When changing the configuration of a production firewall, I recommend
the following:</p>
<p> When changing the configuration of a production firewall, I recommend
the following:</p>
<ul>
<li><font color="#009900"><b>mkdir /etc/test</b></font></li>
<li><font color="#009900"><b>cd /etc/test</b></font></li>
<li>&lt;copy any files that you need to change
from /etc/shorewall to . and change them here&gt;</li>
<li><font color="#009900"><b>shorewall -c . check</b></font></li>
<li>&lt;correct any errors found by check and check again&gt;</li>
<li><font
<li><font color="#009900"><b>mkdir /etc/test</b></font></li>
<li><font color="#009900"><b>cd /etc/test</b></font></li>
<li>&lt;copy any files that you need to change
from /etc/shorewall to . and change them here&gt;</li>
<li><font color="#009900"><b>shorewall -c . check</b></font></li>
<li>&lt;correct any errors found by check and check again&gt;</li>
<li><font
color="#009900"><b>/sbin/shorewall try .</b></font></li>
</ul>
<p> If the configuration starts but doesn't work, just "shorewall restart"
to restore the old configuration. If the new configuration fails
to start, the "try" command will automatically start the old one for
you.</p>
<p> If the configuration starts but doesn't work, just "shorewall restart"
to restore the old configuration. If the new configuration fails
to start, the "try" command will automatically start the old one for
you.</p>
<p> When the new configuration works then just </p>
<ul>
<li><font color="#009900"><b>cp * /etc/shorewall</b></font></li>
<li><font color="#009900"><b>cd</b></font></li>
<li><font color="#009900"><b>rm -rf /etc/test</b></font></li>
<li><font color="#009900"><b>cp * /etc/shorewall</b></font></li>
<li><font color="#009900"><b>cd</b></font></li>
<li><font color="#009900"><b>rm -rf /etc/test</b></font></li>
</ul>
<p><a name="StateDiagram"></a>The Shorewall State Diargram is depicted below.<br>
</p>
</p>
<div align="center"><img src="images/State_Diagram.png"
alt="(State Diagram)" width="747" height="714" align="middle">
<br>
</div>
<br>
</div>
<p>  <br>
</p>
You will note that the commands that result in state transitions
use the word "firewall" rather than "shorewall". That is because the
actual transitions are done by /usr/lib/shorewall/firewall (/usr/share/shorewall/firewall
on Debian); /sbin/shorewall runs 'firewall" according to the following
table:<br>
<br>
</p>
You will note that the commands that result in state transitions
use the word "firewall" rather than "shorewall". That is because the
actual transitions are done by /usr/share/shorewall/firewall; /sbin/shorewall
runs 'firewall" according to the following table:<br>
<br>
<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top">shorewall start<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">firewall start<br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">shorewall stop<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">firewall stop<br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">shorewall restart<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">firewall restart<br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">shorewall add<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">firewall add<br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">shorewall delete<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">firewall delete<br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">shorewall refresh<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">firewall refresh<br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">shorewall try<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">firewall -c &lt;new configuration&gt; restart<br>
If unsuccessful then firewall start (standard configuration)<br>
If timeout then firewall restart (standard configuration)<br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><u><b>/sbin/shorewall Command</b><br>
</u></td>
<td valign="top"><u><b>Resulting /usr/share/shorewall/firewall Command</b><br>
</u></td>
<td valign="top"><u><b>Effect if the Command Succeeds</b><br>
</u></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">shorewall start<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">firewall start<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">The system filters packets based on your current
Shorewall Configuration<br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">shorewall stop<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">firewall stop<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">Only traffic to/from hosts listed in /etc/shorewall/hosts
is passed to/from/through the firewall. For Shorewall versions beginning
with 1.4.7, if ADMINISABSENTMINDED=Yes in /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf then
in addition, all existing connections are retained and all connection requests
from the firewall are accepted.<br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">shorewall restart<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">firewall restart<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">Logically equivalent to "firewall stop;firewall
start"<br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">shorewall add<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">firewall add<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">Adds a host or subnet to a dynamic zone<br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">shorewall delete<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">firewall delete<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">Deletes a host or subnet from a dynamic zone<br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">shorewall refresh<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">firewall refresh<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">Reloads rules dealing with static blacklisting,
traffic control and ECN.<br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">shorewall clear<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">firewall clear<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">Removes all Shorewall rules, chains, addresses,
routes and ARP entries.<br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">shorewall try<br>
</td>
<td valign="top">firewall -c &lt;new configuration&gt;
restart<br>
If unsuccessful then firewall start (standard configuration)<br>
If timeout then firewall restart (standard configuration)<br>
</td>
<td valign="top"><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
<p><font size="2"> Updated 7/6/2003 - <a href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a>
</font></p>
<p><font face="Trebuchet MS"><a href="copyright.htm"><font size="2">Copyright</font>
© <font size="2">2001, 2002, 2003 Thomas M. Eastep.</font></a></font><br>
</p>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<p><font size="2"> Updated 7/31/2003 - <a href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a>
</font></p>
<p><font face="Trebuchet MS"><a href="copyright.htm"><font size="2">Copyright</font>
© <font size="2">2001, 2002, 2003 Thomas M. Eastep.</font></a></font><br>
</p>
<br>
</body>
</html>

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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
<title>Shorewall Support Guide</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
style="border-collapse: collapse;" width="100%" id="AutoNumber1"
bgcolor="#3366ff" height="90">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="100%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="100%">
<h1 align="center"><font color="#ffffff">Shorewall Support Guide<img
src="images/obrasinf.gif" alt="" width="90" height="90" align="middle">
</font></h1>
</font></h1>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2>Before Reporting a Problem or Asking a Question<br>
</h2>
</h2>
There are a number of sources of Shorewall information. Please
try these before you post.
There are a number of sources of Shorewall information. Please
try these before you post.
<ul>
<li>Shorewall versions
earlier that 1.3.0 are no longer supported.<br>
</li>
<li>More than half of the questions posted on the support
list have answers directly accessible from the <a
<li>Shorewall versions
earlier that 1.3.0 are no longer supported.<br>
</li>
<li>More than half of the questions posted on the support
list have answers directly accessible from the <a
href="http://www.shorewall.net/shorewall_quickstart_guide.htm#Documentation">Documentation
Index</a><br>
</li>
<li>
The <a href="http://www.shorewall.net/FAQ.htm">FAQ</a>
has solutions to more than 20 common problems.
</li>
<li>
The <a href="http://www.shorewall.net/troubleshoot.htm">Troubleshooting</a>
Information contains a number of tips to
help you solve common problems. </li>
<li>
The <a href="http://www.shorewall.net/errata.htm"> Errata</a>
has links to download updated components. </li>
<li>
The Site and Mailing List Archives search facility can
locate documents and posts about similar problems:
</li>
Index</a><br>
</li>
<li>
The <a href="http://www.shorewall.net/FAQ.htm">FAQ</a>
has solutions to more than 20 common problems.
</li>
<li>
The <a href="http://www.shorewall.net/troubleshoot.htm">Troubleshooting</a>
Information contains a number of tips
to help you solve common problems. </li>
<li>
The <a href="http://www.shorewall.net/errata.htm"> Errata</a>
has links to download updated components. </li>
<li>
The Site and Mailing List Archives search facility
can locate documents and posts about similar problems:
</li>
</ul>
<h2>Site and Mailing List Archive Search</h2>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<form method="post"
action="http://lists.shorewall.net/cgi-bin/htsearch"> <font size="-1"> Match:
<select name="method">
<option value="and">All </option>
<option value="or">Any </option>
<option value="boolean">Boolean </option>
</select>
Format:
Format:
<select name="format">
<option value="builtin-long">Long </option>
<option value="builtin-short">Short </option>
</select>
Sort by:
Sort by:
<select name="sort">
<option value="score">Score </option>
<option value="time">Time </option>
@ -89,238 +95,250 @@ has links to download updated components. </li>
<option value="revtime">Reverse Time </option>
<option value="revtitle">Reverse Title </option>
</select>
</font><input type="hidden" name="config"
</font><input type="hidden" name="config"
value="htdig"><input type="hidden" name="restrict" value=""><font
size="-1"> Include Mailing List Archives:
<select size="1" name="exclude">
<option value="">Yes</option>
<option value="[http://lists.shorewall.net/pipermail/.*]">No</option>
</select>
</font><br>
Search: <input type="text" size="30"
</font><br>
Search: <input type="text" size="30"
name="words" value=""> <input type="submit" value="Search"><br>
</form>
</blockquote>
</form>
</blockquote>
<h2>Problem Reporting Guidelines<br>
</h2>
</h2>
<ul>
<li>Please remember we only
know what is posted in your message. Do not leave out any
information that appears to be correct, or was mentioned
in a previous post. There have been countless posts by people
<li>Please remember we only
know what is posted in your message. Do not leave out
any information that appears to be correct, or was mentioned
in a previous post. There have been countless posts by people
who were sure that some part of their configuration was correct
when it actually contained a small error. We tend to be skeptics
where detail is lacking.<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>Please keep in mind that
you're asking for <strong>free</strong> technical
support. Any help we offer is an act of generosity, not an obligation.
Try to make it easy for us to help you. Follow good, courteous
practices in writing and formatting your e-mail. Provide details
when it actually contained a small error. We tend to be skeptics
where detail is lacking.<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>Please keep in mind that
you're asking for <strong>free</strong> technical
support. Any help we offer is an act of generosity, not an obligation.
Try to make it easy for us to help you. Follow good, courteous
practices in writing and formatting your e-mail. Provide details
that we need if you expect good answers. <em>Exact quoting </em>
of error messages, log entries, command output, and other output is
better than a paraphrase or summary.<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>
Please don't describe your environment and then
ask us to send you custom configuration files.
We're here to answer your questions but we can't
do your job for you.<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>When reporting a problem,
<strong>ALWAYS</strong> include this information:</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<ul>
<li>the exact version of Shorewall
you are running.<br>
<br>
<b><font
color="#009900">shorewall version</font><br>
</b> <br>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>the complete, exact output
of<br>
<li>
Please don't describe your environment and then
ask us to send you custom configuration files.
We're here to answer your questions but we can't
do your job for you.<br>
<br>
<font color="#009900"><b>ip
addr show<br>
<br>
</b></font></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>the complete, exact output
of<br>
<br>
<font color="#009900"><b>ip
route show<br>
</b></font></li>
</ul>
<ul>
</ul>
</li>
<li>When reporting a problem,
<strong>ALWAYS</strong> include this information:</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<ul>
<li><big><font color="#ff0000"><u><i><big><b>THIS IS
IMPORTANT!</b></big></i></u></font><big><big><big> </big>If your problem is
that some type of connection to/from or through your firewall isn't working
then please perform the following four steps:</big></big></big><br>
<br>
1. <b><font color="#009900">/sbin/shorewall reset</font></b><br>
<br>
2. Try making the connection that is failing.<br>
<br>
3.<b><font color="#009900"> /sbin/shorewall
status &gt; /tmp/status.txt</font></b><br>
<br>
4. Post the /tmp/status.txt file as an attachment
(you may compress it if you like).<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>the exact wording of any <code
style="color: green; font-weight: bold;">ping</code> failure responses<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>If you installed Shorewall using one of the QuickStart
Guides, please indicate which one. <br>
<br>
</li>
<li><b>If you are running Shorewall under Mandrake using
the Mandrake installation of Shorewall, please say so.<br>
<br>
</b></li>
<li>the exact version of
Shorewall you are running.<br>
<br>
<b><font
color="#009900">shorewall version</font><br>
</b> <br>
</li>
</ul>
<li>As a general matter, please <strong>do not edit the
diagnostic information</strong> in an attempt to conceal
your IP address, netmask, nameserver addresses, domain name,
etc. These aren't secrets, and concealing them often misleads us
(and 80% of the time, a hacker could derive them anyway from
information contained in the SMTP headers of your post).<br>
<br>
<strong></strong></li>
<li>Do you see any "Shorewall" messages
("<b><font color="#009900">/sbin/shorewall show log</font></b>")
when you exercise the function that is giving you problems?
If so, include the message(s) in your post along with a copy of
your /etc/shorewall/interfaces file.<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>Please include any of the Shorewall configuration
files (especially the /etc/shorewall/hosts file
if you have modified that file) that you think are
relevant. If you include /etc/shorewall/rules, please include
/etc/shorewall/policy as well (rules are meaningless unless
one also knows the policies).<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>If an error occurs when you try
to "<font color="#009900"><b>shorewall start</b></font>", include
a trace (See the <a
<ul>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>the complete, exact
output of<br>
<br>
<font color="#009900"><b>ip
addr show<br>
<br>
</b></font></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>the complete, exact
output of<br>
<br>
<font color="#009900"><b>ip
route show<br>
</b></font></li>
</ul>
<ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul>
<ul>
<li><small><small><font color="#ff0000"><u><i><big><b>THIS
IS IMPORTANT!</b></big></i></u></font></small></small><big> </big>If your
problem is that some type of connection to/from or through your firewall
isn't working then please perform the following four steps:<br>
<br>
1. <b><font color="#009900">/sbin/shorewall reset</font></b><br>
<br>
2. Try making the connection that is failing.<br>
<br>
3.<b><font color="#009900"> /sbin/shorewall
status &gt; /tmp/status.txt</font></b><br>
<br>
4. Post the /tmp/status.txt file as an
attachment (you may compress it if you like).<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>the exact wording of any <code
style="color: green; font-weight: bold;">ping</code> failure responses<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>If you installed Shorewall using one of the QuickStart
Guides, please indicate which one. <br>
<br>
</li>
<li><b>If you are running Shorewall under Mandrake
using the Mandrake installation of Shorewall, please say so.<br>
<br>
</b></li>
</ul>
<li>As a general matter, please <strong>do not edit the
diagnostic information</strong> in an attempt to conceal
your IP address, netmask, nameserver addresses, domain name,
etc. These aren't secrets, and concealing them often misleads
us (and 80% of the time, a hacker could derive them anyway
from information contained in the SMTP headers of your post).<br>
<br>
<strong></strong></li>
<li>Do you see any "Shorewall" messages
("<b><font color="#009900">/sbin/shorewall show log</font></b>")
when you exercise the function that is giving you problems?
If so, include the message(s) in your post along with a copy of
your /etc/shorewall/interfaces file.<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>Please include any of the Shorewall configuration
files (especially the /etc/shorewall/hosts file
if you have modified that file) that you think are
relevant. If you include /etc/shorewall/rules, please include
/etc/shorewall/policy as well (rules are meaningless unless
one also knows the policies).<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>If an error occurs when you try
to "<font color="#009900"><b>shorewall start</b></font>", include
a trace (See the <a
href="http://www.shorewall.net/troubleshoot.htm">Troubleshooting</a>
section for instructions).<br>
<br>
</li>
<li><b>The list server limits posts to 120kb
so don't post GIFs of your network
<br>
</li>
<li><b>The list server limits posts to 120kb
so don't post GIFs of your network
layout, etc. to the Mailing List -- your post will be
rejected.</b></li>
</ul>
<blockquote> The author gratefully acknowleges that the above list was
heavily plagiarized from the excellent LEAF document by <i>Ray</i>
<em>Olszewski</em> found at <a
heavily plagiarized from the excellent LEAF document by <i>Ray</i>
<em>Olszewski</em> found at <a
href="http://leaf-project.org/pub/doc/docmanager/docid_1891.html">http://leaf-project.org/pub/doc/docmanager/docid_1891.html</a>.<br>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<h2>When using the mailing list, please post in plain text</h2>
<blockquote> A growing number of MTAs serving list subscribers are
rejecting all HTML traffic. At least one MTA has gone so far as to
blacklist shorewall.net "for continuous abuse" because it has been
my policy to allow HTML in list posts!!<br>
<br>
I think that blocking all
HTML is a Draconian way to control spam and that the ultimate
losers here are not the spammers but the list subscribers
whose MTAs are bouncing all shorewall.net mail. As one list
subscriber wrote to me privately "These e-mail admin's need
to get a <i>(expletive deleted)</i> life instead of trying to
rid the planet of HTML based e-mail". Nevertheless, to allow
<br>
I think that blocking all
HTML is a Draconian way to control spam and that the
ultimate losers here are not the spammers but the list subscribers
whose MTAs are bouncing all shorewall.net mail. As one list
subscriber wrote to me privately "These e-mail admin's need
to get a <i>(expletive deleted)</i> life instead of trying to
rid the planet of HTML based e-mail". Nevertheless, to allow
subscribers to receive list posts as must as possible, I have now
configured the list server at shorewall.net to strip all HTML from
outgoing posts.<br>
<br>
<big><font color="#cc0000"><b>If you run your own outgoing mail server
and it doesn't have a valid DNS PTR record, your email won't reach the
lists unless/until the postmaster notices that your posts are being rejected.
To avoid this problem, you should configure your MTA to forward posts to
shorewall.net through an MTA that <u>does</u> have a valid PTR record (such
as the one at your ISP). </b></font></big><br>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<h2>Where to Send your Problem Report or to Ask for Help</h2>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<h4>If you run Shorewall under Bering -- <span
style="font-weight: 400;">please post your question or problem
to the <a
to the <a
href="mailto:leaf-user@lists.sourceforge.net">LEAF Users mailing
list</a>.</span></h4>
<b>If you run Shorewall under
MandrakeSoft Multi Network Firewall (MNF) and you have
not purchased an MNF license from MandrakeSoft then you can
post non MNF-specific Shorewall questions to the </b><a
list</a>.</span></h4>
<b>If you run Shorewall
under MandrakeSoft Multi Network Firewall (MNF) and
you have not purchased an MNF license from MandrakeSoft then
you can post non MNF-specific Shorewall questions to the </b><a
href="mailto:shorewall-users@lists.shorewall.net">Shorewall users mailing
list</a>. <b>Do not expect to get free MNF support on the list</b>
list</a>. <b>Do not expect to get free MNF support on the list</b>
<p>Otherwise, please post your question or problem to the <a
href="mailto:shorewall-users@lists.shorewall.net">Shorewall users mailing
list</a> .</p>
list.</a> </p>
</blockquote>
<h2>Subscribing to the Users Mailing List<br>
</h2>
<blockquote>
<p> To Subscribe to the mailing list go to <a
href="http://lists.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-users">http://lists.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-users</a>
.<br>
</p>
</blockquote>
href="http://lists.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-users">http://lists.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-users</a>
<br>
Secure: <a
href="https://lists.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-users"
target="_top">https//lists.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-users</a>.<br>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>For information on other Shorewall mailing lists, go to <a
href="http://lists.shorewall.net">http://lists.shorewall.net</a><br>
</p>
<p align="left"><font size="2">Last Updated 7/9/2003 - Tom Eastep</font></p>
</p>
<p align="left"><font size="2">Last Updated 8/1/2003 - Tom Eastep</font></p>
<p align="left"><font face="Trebuchet MS"><a href="copyright.htm"> <font
size="2">Copyright</font> © <font size="2">2001, 2002, 2003 Thomas M. Eastep.</font></a></font><br>
</p>
</p>
<br>
<br>
<br>
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<h1 align="center"><font color="#ffffff">Shorewall Troubleshooting<img
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<h3 align="left">Check the Errata</h3>
<p align="left">Check the <a href="errata.htm">Shorewall Errata</a> to be
sure that there isn't an update that you are missing for your version
of the firewall.</p>
<p align="left">Check the <a href="errata.htm">Shorewall Errata</a> to
be sure that there isn't an update that you are missing for your
version of the firewall.</p>
<h3 align="left">Check the FAQs</h3>
<p align="left">Check the <a href="FAQ.htm">FAQs</a> for solutions to common
problems.</p>
<p align="left">Check the <a href="FAQ.htm">FAQs</a> for solutions to
common problems.</p>
<h3 align="left">If the firewall fails to start</h3>
If you receive an error message when starting or restarting
the firewall and you can't determine the cause, then do the following:
If you receive an error message when starting or restarting the
firewall and you can't determine the cause, then do the following:
<ul>
<li>Make a note of the error message that you see.<br>
</li>
<li>shorewall debug start 2&gt; /tmp/trace</li>
<li>Look at the /tmp/trace file and see if that helps you
determine what the problem is. Be sure you find the place in the log
where the error message you saw is generated -- If you are using Shorewall
1.4.0 or later, you should find the message near the end of the log.</li>
<li>If you still can't determine what's wrong then see the
<a href="support.htm">support page</a>.</li>
<li>Make a note of the error message that you see.<br>
</li>
<li>shorewall debug start 2&gt; /tmp/trace</li>
<li>Look at the /tmp/trace file and see if that helps you determine
what the problem is. Be sure you find the place in the log where the
error message you saw is generated -- If you are using Shorewall 1.4.0
or later, you should find the message near the end of the log.</li>
<li>If you still can't determine what's wrong then see the <a
href="support.htm">support page</a>.</li>
</ul>
Here's an example. During startup, a user sees the following:<br>
<blockquote>
Here's an example. During startup, a user sees the following:<br>
<blockquote>
<pre>Adding Common Rules<br>iptables: No chain/target/match by that name<br>Terminated<br></pre>
</blockquote>
A search through the trace for "No chain/target/match by that name"
turned up the following: 
<blockquote>
</blockquote>
A search through the trace for "No chain/target/match by that name"
turned up the following:&nbsp;
<blockquote>
<pre>+ echo 'Adding Common Rules'<br>+ add_common_rules<br>+ run_iptables -A reject -p tcp -j REJECT --reject-with tcp-reset<br>++ echo -A reject -p tcp -j REJECT --reject-with tcp-reset<br>++ sed 's/!/! /g'<br>+ iptables -A reject -p tcp -j REJECT --reject-with tcp-reset<br>iptables: No chain/target/match by that name<br></pre>
</blockquote>
The command that failed was: "iptables -A reject -p tcp -j REJECT --reject-with
tcp-reset". In this case, the user had compiled his own kernel and had
forgotten to include REJECT target support (see <a href="kernel.htm">kernel.htm</a>)
</blockquote>
The command that failed was: "iptables -A reject -p tcp -j REJECT
--reject-with tcp-reset". In this case, the user had compiled his own
kernel and had
forgotten to include REJECT target support (see <a href="kernel.htm">kernel.htm</a>)
<h3>Your network environment</h3>
<p>Many times when people have problems with Shorewall, the problem is actually
an ill-conceived network setup. Here are several popular snafus: </p>
<p>Many times when people have problems with Shorewall, the problem is
actually an ill-conceived network setup. Here are several popular
snafus: </p>
<ul>
<li>Port Forwarding where client and server are
in the same subnet. See <a href="FAQ.htm">FAQ 2.</a></li>
<li>Changing the IP address of a local system to be in the
external subnet, thinking that Shorewall will suddenly believe
that the system is in the 'net' zone.</li>
<li>Multiple interfaces connected to the same HUB or Switch.
Given the way that the Linux kernel respond to ARP "who-has" requests,
this type of setup does NOT work the way that you expect it to.</li>
<li>Port Forwarding where client and server are in the same subnet.
See <a href="FAQ.htm">FAQ 2.</a></li>
<li>Changing the IP address of a local system to be in the external
subnet, thinking that Shorewall will suddenly believe
that the system is in the 'net' zone.</li>
<li>Multiple interfaces connected to the same HUB or Switch. Given
the way that the Linux kernel respond to ARP "who-has" requests, this
type of setup does NOT work the way that you expect it to. If you
are running Shorewall version 1.4.7 or later, you can test using this
kind of configuration if you specify
the <span style="font-weight: bold;">arp_filter</span>
option in /etc/shorewall/interfaces for all interfaces connected to the
common hub/switch. Using such a setup with a production firewall is
strongly recommended against.</li>
</ul>
<h3 align="left">If you are having connection problems:</h3>
<p align="left">If the appropriate policy for the connection that you are
trying to make is ACCEPT, please DO NOT ADD ADDITIONAL ACCEPT RULES
TRYING TO MAKE IT WORK. Such additional rules will NEVER make it work,
they add clutter to your rule set and they represent a big security hole
in the event that you forget to remove them later.</p>
<p align="left">I also recommend against setting all of your policies to
ACCEPT in an effort to make something work. That robs you of one of
your best diagnostic tools - the "Shorewall" messages that Netfilter
will generate when you try to connect in a way that isn't permitted
by your rule set.</p>
<p align="left">Check your log ("/sbin/shorewall show log"). If you don't
see Shorewall messages, then your problem is probably NOT a Shorewall
problem. If you DO see packet messages, it may be an indication that
you are missing one or more rules -- see <a href="FAQ.htm#faq17">FAQ 17</a>.</p>
<p align="left">While you are troubleshooting, it is a good idea to clear
two variables in /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf:</p>
<p align="left">If the appropriate policy for the connection that you
are trying to make is ACCEPT, please DO NOT ADD ADDITIONAL ACCEPT RULES
TRYING TO MAKE IT WORK. Such additional rules will NEVER make it work,
they add clutter to your rule set and they represent a big security
hole
in the event that you forget to remove them later.</p>
<p align="left">I also recommend against setting all of your policies
to ACCEPT in an effort to make something work. That robs you of one of
your best diagnostic tools - the "Shorewall" messages that Netfilter
will generate when you try to connect in a way that isn't permitted by
your rule set.</p>
<p align="left">Check your log ("/sbin/shorewall show log"). If you
don't see Shorewall messages, then your problem is probably NOT a
Shorewall problem. If you DO see packet messages, it may be an
indication that
you are missing one or more rules -- see <a href="FAQ.htm#faq17">FAQ 17</a>.</p>
<p align="left">While you are troubleshooting, it is a good idea to
clear two variables in /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf:</p>
<p align="left">LOGRATE=""<br>
LOGBURST=""</p>
<p align="left">This way, you will see all of the log messages being generated
(be sure to restart shorewall after clearing these variables).</p>
LOGBURST=""</p>
<p align="left">This way, you will see all of the log messages being
generated (be sure to restart shorewall after clearing these variables).</p>
<p align="left">Example:</p>
<font face="Century Gothic, Arial, Helvetica">
<p align="left"><font face="Courier">Jun 27 15:37:56 gateway kernel: Shorewall:all2all:REJECT:IN=eth2
OUT=eth1 SRC=192.168.2.2 DST=192.168.1.3 LEN=67 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63
ID=5805 DF PROTO=UDP SPT=1803 DPT=53 LEN=47</font></p>
</font>
<font face="Century Gothic, Arial, Helvetica">
<p align="left"><font face="Courier">Jun 27 15:37:56 gateway kernel:
Shorewall:all2all:REJECT:IN=eth2 OUT=eth1 SRC=192.168.2.2
DST=192.168.1.3 LEN=67 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=5805 DF PROTO=UDP
SPT=1803 DPT=53 LEN=47</font></p>
</font>
<p align="left">Let's look at the important parts of this message:</p>
<ul>
<li>all2all:REJECT - This packet was REJECTed out of the
all2all chain -- the packet was rejected under the "all"-&gt;"all"
REJECT policy (see <a href="FAQ.htm#faq17">FAQ 17).</a></li>
<li>IN=eth2 - the packet entered the firewall via eth2</li>
<li>OUT=eth1 - if accepted, the packet would be sent on eth1</li>
<li>SRC=192.168.2.2 - the packet was sent by 192.168.2.2</li>
<li>DST=192.168.1.3 - the packet is destined for 192.168.1.3</li>
<li>PROTO=UDP - UDP Protocol</li>
<li>DPT=53 - DNS</li>
<li>all2all:REJECT - This packet was REJECTed out of the
all2all chain -- the packet was rejected under the "all"-&gt;"all"
REJECT policy (see <a href="FAQ.htm#faq17">FAQ 17).</a></li>
<li>IN=eth2 - the packet entered the firewall via eth2</li>
<li>OUT=eth1 - if accepted, the packet would be sent on eth1</li>
<li>SRC=192.168.2.2 - the packet was sent by 192.168.2.2</li>
<li>DST=192.168.1.3 - the packet is destined for 192.168.1.3</li>
<li>PROTO=UDP - UDP Protocol</li>
<li>DPT=53 - DNS</li>
</ul>
<p align="left">In this case, 192.168.2.2 was in the "dmz" zone and 192.168.1.3
is in the "loc" zone. I was missing the rule:</p>
<p align="left">ACCEPT    dmz    loc    udp    53<br>
</p>
<p align="left">See <a href="FAQ.htm#faq17">FAQ 17</a> for additional information
about how to interpret the chain name appearing in a Shorewall log message.<br>
</p>
<p align="left">In this case, 192.168.2.2 was in the "dmz" zone and
192.168.1.3 is in the "loc" zone. I was missing the rule:</p>
<p align="left">ACCEPT&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; dmz&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
loc&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; udp&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 53<br>
</p>
<p align="left">See <a href="FAQ.htm#faq17">FAQ 17</a> for additional
information about how to interpret the chain name appearing in a
Shorewall log message.<br>
</p>
<h3 align="left">'Ping' Problems?</h3>
Either can't ping when you think you should be able to or are able to
ping when you think that you shouldn't be allowed? Shorewall's 'Ping' Management<a
href="ping.html"> is described here</a>.<br>
Either can't ping when you think you should be able to or are able to
ping when you think that you shouldn't be allowed? Shorewall's 'Ping'
Management<a href="ping.html"> is described here</a>.<br>
<h3 align="left">Other Gotchas</h3>
<ul>
<li>Seeing rejected/dropped packets logged out of the INPUT
or FORWARD chains? This means that:
<li>Seeing rejected/dropped packets logged out of the INPUT or
FORWARD chains? This means that:
<ol>
<li>your zone definitions are screwed up and the host that
is sending the packets or the destination host isn't in any zone
(using an <a href="Documentation.htm#Hosts">/etc/shorewall/hosts</a>
file are you?); or</li>
<li>the source and destination hosts are both connected
to the same interface and you don't have a policy or rule for the
<li>your zone definitions are screwed up and the host that is
sending the packets or the destination host isn't in any zone (using an
<a href="Documentation.htm#Hosts">/etc/shorewall/hosts</a> file
are you?); or</li>
<li>the source and destination hosts are both connected to the
same interface and you don't have a policy or rule for the
source zone to or from the destination zone.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Remember that Shorewall doesn't automatically allow ICMP
type 8 ("ping") requests to be sent between zones. If you want pings
to be allowed between zones, you need a rule of the form:<br>
<br>
    ACCEPT    &lt;source zone&gt;    &lt;destination
zone&gt;    icmp    echo-request<br>
<br>
The ramifications of this can be subtle. For example, if
you have the following in /etc/shorewall/nat:<br>
<br>
    10.1.1.2    eth0    130.252.100.18<br>
<br>
and you ping 130.252.100.18, unless you have allowed icmp
type 8 between the zone containing the system you are pinging from
and the zone containing 10.1.1.2, the ping requests will be dropped. </li>
<li>If you specify "routefilter" for an interface, that
interface must be up prior to starting the firewall.</li>
<li>Is your routing correct? For example, internal systems
usually need to be configured with their default gateway set to
the IP address of their nearest firewall interface. One often overlooked
aspect of routing is that in order for two hosts to communicate,
the routing between them must be set up <u>in both directions.</u>
So when setting up routing between <b>A</b> and<b> B</b>, be sure
to verify that the route from <b>B</b> back to <b>A</b> is defined.</li>
<li>Some versions of LRP (EigerStein2Beta for example) have
a shell with broken variable expansion. <a
href="ftp://ftp.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/ash.gz"> You can get a corrected
shell from the Shorewall Errata download site.</a> </li>
<li>Do you have your kernel properly configured? <a
href="kernel.htm">Click here to see my kernel configuration.</a> </li>
<li>Shorewall requires the "ip" program. That program
is generally included in the "iproute" package which should be included
with your distribution (though many distributions don't install iproute
by default). You may also download the latest source tarball from
<a href="ftp://ftp.inr.ac.ru/ip-routing" target="_blank"> ftp://ftp.inr.ac.ru/ip-routing</a>
.</li>
<li>Problems with NAT? Be sure that you let
Shorewall add all external addresses to be use with NAT unless you
have set <a href="Documentation.htm#Aliases"> ADD_IP_ALIASES</a> =No
</li>
<li>Remember that Shorewall doesn't automatically allow ICMP type 8
("ping") requests to be sent between zones. If you want pings to be
allowed between zones, you need a rule of the form:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ACCEPT&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;source
zone&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;destination zone&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
icmp&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; echo-request<br>
<br>
The ramifications of this can be subtle. For example, if you have the
following in /etc/shorewall/nat:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 10.1.1.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; eth0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
130.252.100.18<br>
<br>
and you ping 130.252.100.18, unless you have allowed icmp type 8
between the zone containing the system you are pinging from and the
zone containing 10.1.1.2, the ping requests will be dropped.&nbsp;</li>
<li>If you specify "routefilter" for an interface, that interface
must be up prior to starting the firewall.</li>
<li>Is your routing correct? For example, internal systems usually
need to be configured with their default gateway set to
the IP address of their nearest firewall interface. One often
overlooked aspect of routing is that in order for two hosts to
communicate,
the routing between them must be set up <u>in both directions.</u>
So when setting up routing between <b>A</b> and<b> B</b>, be sure
to verify that the route from <b>B</b> back to <b>A</b> is defined.</li>
<li>Some versions of LRP (EigerStein2Beta for example) have a shell
with broken variable expansion. <a
href="ftp://ftp.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/ash.gz"> You can get a
corrected shell from the Shorewall Errata download site.</a> </li>
<li>Do you have your kernel properly configured? <a href="kernel.htm">Click
here to see my kernel configuration.</a> </li>
<li>Shorewall requires the "ip" program. That program is generally
included in the "iproute" package which should be included with your
distribution (though many distributions don't install iproute by
default). You may also download the latest source tarball from <a
href="ftp://ftp.inr.ac.ru/ip-routing" target="_blank">
ftp://ftp.inr.ac.ru/ip-routing</a> .</li>
<li>Problems with NAT? Be sure that you let
Shorewall add all external addresses to be use with NAT unless you
have set <a href="Documentation.htm#Aliases"> ADD_IP_ALIASES</a> =No
in /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Still Having Problems?</h3>
<p>See the<a href="support.htm"> support page.<br>
</a></p>
<font face="Century Gothic, Arial, Helvetica">
</a></p>
<font face="Century Gothic, Arial, Helvetica">
<blockquote> </blockquote>
</font>
<p><font size="2">Last updated 4/29/2003 - Tom Eastep</font> </p>
</font>
<p><font size="2">Last updated 8/8/2003 - Tom Eastep</font> </p>
<p><font face="Trebuchet MS"><a href="copyright.htm"><font size="2">Copyright</font>
© <font size="2">2001, 2002 Thomas M. Eastep.</font></a></font><br>
</p>
<br>
© <font size="2">2001, 2002 Thomas M. Eastep.</font></a></font><br>
</p>
<br>
</body>
</html>

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Shorewall-docs/two-interface.htm
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2
Shorewall/fallback.sh
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@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
# shown below. Simply run this script to revert to your prior version of
# Shoreline Firewall.
VERSION=1.4.6-20030731
VERSION=1.4.6-20030809
usage() # $1 = exit status
{

2
Shorewall/install.sh
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@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
# /etc/rc.d/rc.local file is modified to start the firewall.
#
VERSION=1.4.6-20030731
VERSION=1.4.6-20030809
usage() # $1 = exit status
{

4
Shorewall/shorewall.spec
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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
%define name shorewall
%define version 1.4.6_20030731
%define version 1.4.6_20030809
%define release 1
%define prefix /usr
@ -106,6 +106,8 @@ fi
%doc COPYING INSTALL changelog.txt releasenotes.txt tunnel
%changelog
* Sat Aug 09 2003 Tom Eastep <tom@shorewall.net>
- Changed version to 1.4.6_20030809-1
* Thu Jul 31 2003 Tom Eastep <tom@shorewall.net>
- Changed version to 1.4.6_20030731-1
* Sun Jul 27 2003 Tom Eastep <tom@shorewall.net>

2
Shorewall/uninstall.sh
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@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
# You may only use this script to uninstall the version
# shown below. Simply run this script to remove Seattle Firewall
VERSION=1.4.6-20030731
VERSION=1.4.6-20030809
usage() # $1 = exit status
{