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Combine Shorewall-4/Shorewall-perl docs with a link
git-svn-id: https://shorewall.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/shorewall/trunk@6674 fbd18981-670d-0410-9b5c-8dc0c1a9a2bb
This commit is contained in:
teastep
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@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Shorewall ran the <command>iptables</command> utility to add
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<para>Shorewall has run the <command>iptables</command> utility to add
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each Netfilter rule.</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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@ -73,6 +73,15 @@
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<command>iptables-restore</command>; so the script is very
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fast.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>generates better and more consistent error messages.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>does a much more thorough job of checking the configuration to
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avoid run-time errors.</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>Both compilers may be installed on your system and you can use
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@ -157,375 +166,8 @@
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Compiler</title>
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<para>The Shorewall-perl compiler is not 100% compatible with the
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Shorewall-shell version.</para>
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<orderedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>The Perl-based compiler requires the following capabilities in
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your kernel and iptables.</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>addrtype match (may be relaxed later)</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>multiport match (will not be relaxed)</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>These capabilities are in current distributions.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Now that Netfilter has features to deal reasonably with port
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lists, I see no reason to duplicate those features in Shorewall. The
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Shorewall-shell compiler goes to great pain (in some cases) to break
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very long port lists ( > 15 where port ranges in lists count as two
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ports) into individual rules. In the new compiler, I'm avoiding the
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ugliness required to do that. The new compiler just generates an error
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if your list is too long. It will also produce an error if you insert
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a port range into a port list and you don't have extended multiport
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support.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>BRIDGING=Yes is not supported. The kernel code necessary to
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support this option was removed in Linux kernel 2.6.20.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>The BROADCAST column in the interfaces file is essentially
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unused; if you enter anything in this column but '-' or 'detect', you
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will receive a warning. This will be relaxed if and when the addrtype
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match requirement is relaxed.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>The 'refresh' command is now synonymous with 'restart'.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>With the shell-based compiler, extension scripts were copied
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into the compiled script and executed at run-time. In many cases, this
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approach doesn't work with Shorewall Perl because (almost) the entire
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ruleset is built by the compiler. As a result, Shorewall-perl runs
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many extension scripts at compile-time rather than at run-time.
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Because the compiler is written in Perl, your extension scripts from
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earlier versions will no longer work.</para>
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<para>The following table summarizes when the various extension
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scripts are run:<informaltable frame="all">
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<tgroup cols="3">
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<tbody>
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<row>
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<entry><emphasis role="bold">Compile-time</emphasis></entry>
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<entry><emphasis role="bold">Run-time</emphasis></entry>
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<entry><emphasis role="bold">Eliminated</emphasis></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>initdone</entry>
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<entry>clear</entry>
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<entry>continue</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>maclog</entry>
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<entry>initdone</entry>
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<entry>refresh</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>Per-chain (including those associated with
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actions)</entry>
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<entry>start</entry>
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<entry></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry></entry>
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<entry>started</entry>
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<entry></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry></entry>
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<entry>stop</entry>
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<entry></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry></entry>
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<entry>stopped</entry>
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<entry></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry></entry>
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<entry>tcclear</entry>
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<entry></entry>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</informaltable></para>
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<para>Compile-time extension scripts are executed using the Perl 'eval
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`cat <file>`' mechanism. Be sure that each script returns a
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'true' value; otherwise, the compiler will assume that the script
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failed and will abort the compilation.</para>
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<para>When a script is invoked, the <emphasis
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role="bold">$chainref</emphasis> scalar variable will hold a reference
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to a chain table entry.</para>
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<simplelist>
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<member><emphasis role="bold">$chainref->{name}</emphasis>
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contains the name of the chain</member>
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<member><emphasis role="bold">$chainref->{table}</emphasis> holds
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the table name</member>
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</simplelist>
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<para>To add a rule to the chain:</para>
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<simplelist>
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<member>add_rule $chainref, <<replaceable>the
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rule</replaceable>></member>
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</simplelist>
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<para>Where</para>
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<simplelist>
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<member><<replaceable>the rule</replaceable>> is a scalar
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argument holding the rule text. Do not include "-A
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<<replaceable>chain name</replaceable>>"</member>
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</simplelist>
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<para>Example:</para>
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<simplelist>
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<member>add_rule $chainref, '-j ACCEPT';</member>
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</simplelist>
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<para>To insert a rule into the chain:</para>
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<simplelist>
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<member>insert_rule $chainref,
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<<replaceable>rulenum</replaceable>>, <<replaceable>the
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rule</replaceable>></member>
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</simplelist>
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<para>The log_rule_limit function works like it does in the shell
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compiler with two exceptions:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>You pass the chain reference rather than the name of the
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chain.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>The commands are 'add' and 'insert' rather than '-A' and
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'-I'.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>There is only a single "pass as-is to iptables" argument (so
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you must quote that part</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>Example:</para>
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<programlisting> log_rule_limit
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'info' ,
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$chainref ,
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$chainref->{name},
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'DROP' ,
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'', #Limit
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'' , #Log tag
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'add'
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'-p tcp '; </programlisting>
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<para>Here is an example of an actual initdone script used with
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Shorewall 3.4:<programlisting>run_iptables -t mangle -I PREROUTING -p esp -j MARK --set-mark 0x50
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run_iptables -t filter -I INPUT -p udp --dport 1701 -m mark --mark 0x50 -j ACCEPT
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run_iptables -t filter -I OUTPUT -p udp --sport 1701 -j ACCEPT
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</programlisting></para>
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<para>Here is the corresponding script used with
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Shorewall-perl:<programlisting>use Shorewall::Chains;
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insert_rule $mangle_table->{PREROUTING}, 1, "-p esp -j MARK --set-mark 0x50";
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insert_rule $filter_table->{INPUT}, 1, "-p udp --dport 1701 -m mark --mark 0x50 -j ACCEPT";
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insert_rule $filter_table->{OUTPUT}, 1, "-p udp --sport 1701 -j ACCEPT";
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1;</programlisting></para>
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<para>The initdone script is unique because the $chainref variable is
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not set before the script is called. The above script illustrates how
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the $mangle_table, $filter_table, and $nat_table references can be
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used to add or insert rules in arbitrary chains.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>The <filename>/etc/shorewall/tos</filename> file now has
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zone-independent SOURCE and DEST columns as do all other files except
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the rules and policy files.</para>
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<para>The SOURCE column may be one of the following:</para>
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<simplelist>
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<member>[<command>all</command>:]<<replaceable>address</replaceable>>[,...]</member>
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<member>[<command>all</command>:]<<replaceable>interface</replaceable>>[:<<replaceable>address</replaceable>>[,...]]</member>
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<member><command>$FW</command>[:<<replaceable>address</replaceable>>[,...]]</member>
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</simplelist>
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<para>The DEST column may be one of the following:</para>
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<simplelist>
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<member>[<command>all</command>:]<<replaceable>address</replaceable>>[,...]</member>
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<member>[<command>all</command>:]<<replaceable>interface</replaceable>>[:<<replaceable>address</replaceable>>[,...]]</member>
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</simplelist>
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<para>This is a permanent change. The old zone-based rules have never
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worked right and this is a good time to replace them. I've tried to
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make the new syntax cover the most common cases without requiring
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change to existing files. In particular, it will handle the tos file
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released with Shorewall 1.4 and earlier.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Currently, support for ipsets is lightly tested. That will
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change with future pre-releases but one thing is certain -- Shorewall
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is now out of the ipset load/reload business. With scripts generated
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by the Perl-based Compiler, the Netfilter ruleset is never cleared.
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That means that there is no opportunity for Shorewall to load/reload
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your ipsets since that cannot be done while there are any current
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rules using ipsets.</para>
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<para>So:</para>
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<orderedlist numeration="upperroman">
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<listitem>
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<para>Your ipsets must be loaded before Shorewall starts. You are
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free to try to do that with the following code in
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<filename>/etc/shorewall/start</filename>:</para>
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<programlisting>if [ "$COMMAND" = start ]; then
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ipset -U :all: :all:
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ipset -F
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ipset -X
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ipset -R < /etc/shorewall/ipsets
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fi</programlisting>
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<para>The file <filename>/etc/shorewall/ipsets</filename> will
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normally be produced using the <command>ipset -S</command>
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command.</para>
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<para>The above will work most of the time but will fail in a
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<command>shorewall stop</command> - <command>shorewall
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start</command> sequence if you use ipsets in your routestopped
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file (see below).</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Your ipsets may not be reloaded until Shorewall is stopped
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or cleared.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>If you specify ipsets in your routestopped file then
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Shorewall must be cleared in order to reload your ipsets.</para>
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</listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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<para>As a consequence, scripts generated by the Perl-based compiler
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will ignore <filename>/etc/shorewall/ipsets</filename> and will issue
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a warning if you set SAVE_IPSETS=Yes in
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<filename>shorewall.conf</filename>.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Because the configuration files (with the exception of
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<filename>/etc/shorewall/params</filename>) are now processed by the
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Shorewall-perl compiler rather than by the shell, only the basic forms
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of Shell expansion ($variable and ${variable}) are supported. The more
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exotic forms such as ${variable:=default} are not supported. Both
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variables defined in /etc/shorewall/params and environmental variables
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(exported by the shell) can be used in configuration files.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>USE_ACTIONS=No is not supported. That option is intended to
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minimize Shorewall's footprint in embedded applications. As a
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consequence, Default Macros are not supported.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>DELAYBLACKLISTLOAD=Yes is not supported. The entire ruleset is
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atomically loaded with one execution of
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<command>iptables-restore</command>.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>MAPOLDACTIONS=Yes is not supported. People should have converted
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to using macros by now.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>The pre Shorewall-3.0 format of the zones file is not supported;
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neither is the <filename>/etc/shorewall/ipsec</filename> file.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>BLACKLISTNEWONLY=No is not permitted with FASTACCEPT=Yes. This
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combination doesn't work in previous versions of Shorewall so the
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Perl-based compiler simply rejects it.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Shorewall-perl has a single rule generator that is used for all
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rule-oriented files. So it is important that the syntax is consistent
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between files.</para>
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<para>With shorewall-shell, there is a special syntax in the SOURCE
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column of /etc/shorewall/masq to designate "all traffic entering the
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firewall on this interface except...".</para>
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<para>Example:<programlisting>#INTERFACE SOURCE ADDRESSES
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eth0 eth1!192.168.4.9 ...</programlisting>Shorewall-perl
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uses syntax that is consistent with the rest of
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Shorewall:<programlisting>#INTERFACE SOURCE ADDRESSES
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eth0 eth1:!192.168.4.9 ...</programlisting></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>The 'allowoutUPnP' built-in action is no longer supported. In
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kernel 2.6.14, the Netfilter team have removed support for '-m owner
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--owner-cmd' which that action depended on.</para>
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</listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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Shorewall-shell version. See <ulink url="Shorewall-perl.html">this
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document</ulink> for details.</para>
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</section>
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<section>
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@ -409,10 +409,9 @@ fi</programlisting>
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the Shorewall-perl compiler rather than by the shell, only the
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basic forms of Shell expansion ($variable and ${variable}) are
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supported. The more exotic forms such as ${variable:=default} are
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not supported. Both variables defined in
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<filename>/etc/shorewall/params</filename> and environmental
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variables (exported by the shell) can be used in configuration
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files.</para>
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not supported. Both variables defined in /etc/shorewall/params and
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environmental variables (exported by the shell) can be used in
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configuration files.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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@ -423,8 +422,8 @@ fi</programlisting>
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<listitem>
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<para>DELAYBLACKLISTLOAD=Yes is not supported. The entire ruleset
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(with the exception of the dynamic blacklist) is atomically loaded
|
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with one execution of <command>iptables-restore</command>.</para>
|
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is atomically loaded with one execution of
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<command>iptables-restore</command>.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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@ -446,7 +445,7 @@ fi</programlisting>
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|
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<listitem>
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<para>Shorewall-perl has a single rule generator that is used for
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all rule-oriented files. So it is important that the syntax be
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all rule-oriented files. So it is important that the syntax is
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consistent between files.</para>
|
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|
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<para>With shorewall-shell, there is a special syntax in the
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@ -467,6 +466,12 @@ eth0 eth1:!192.168.4.9 ...</programlisting></para>
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</listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Shorewall-perl is dependent on Perl (see the next section) which
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has a large disk footprint. This makes Shorewall-perl less desirable
|
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in an embedded environment.</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</section>
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