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Document change to accounting rule structure with bridges
git-svn-id: https://shorewall.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/shorewall/trunk@6692 fbd18981-670d-0410-9b5c-8dc0c1a9a2bb
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teastep
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@ -209,8 +209,30 @@ Migration Considerations:
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/etc/shorewall/hosts
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lan eth1:192.168.2.0/24 ...
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lan eth1:192.168.2.0/24 ...
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The structure of the accounting rules changes slightly when
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there are bridges defined in the Shorewall
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configuration. Because of the restrictions imposed by Netfilter
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in kernel 2.6.21 and later, output accounting rules must be
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segregated from forwarding and input rules.
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To accomplish this separation, Shorewall-perl creates two
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accounting chains:
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- accounting - for input and forwarded traffic.
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- accountout - for output traffic.
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If the CHAIN column contains '-', then:
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- If the SOURCE column in a rule includes the name of the
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firewall zone (e.g., $FW), then the default chain to insert
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the rule into is accountout only.
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- Otherwise, if the DEST in the rule is any or all or 0.0.0.0/0,
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then the rule is added to both accounting and accountout.
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- Otherwise, the rule is added to accounting only.
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d) The BROADCAST column in the interfaces file is essentially unused;
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if you enter anything in this column but '-' or 'detect', you will
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@ -41,142 +41,148 @@
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release</emphasis>.</para>
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</caution>
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<para>Shorewall accounting rules are described in the file
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/etc/shorewall/accounting. By default, the accounting rules are placed in a
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chain called <quote>accounting</quote> and can thus be displayed using
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<quote>shorewall[-lite] show accounting</quote>. All traffic passing into,
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out of, or through the firewall traverses the accounting chain including
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traffic that will later be rejected by interface options such as
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<quote>tcpflags</quote> and <quote>maclist</quote>. If your kernel doesn't
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support the connection tracking match extension (Kernel 2.4.21) then some
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traffic rejected under <quote>norfc1918</quote> will not traverse the
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accounting chain.</para>
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<section id="Basics">
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<title>Accounting Basics</title>
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<para>The columns in the accounting file are as follows:</para>
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<para>Shorewall accounting rules are described in the file
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/etc/shorewall/accounting. By default, the accounting rules are placed in
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a chain called <quote>accounting</quote> and can thus be displayed using
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<quote>shorewall[-lite] show accounting</quote>. All traffic passing into,
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out of, or through the firewall traverses the accounting chain including
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traffic that will later be rejected by interface options such as
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<quote>tcpflags</quote> and <quote>maclist</quote>. If your kernel doesn't
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support the connection tracking match extension (Kernel 2.4.21) then some
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traffic rejected under <quote>norfc1918</quote> will not traverse the
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accounting chain.</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">ACTION </emphasis>- What to do when a match
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is found. Possible values are:</para>
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<para>The columns in the accounting file are as follows:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>COUNT- Simply count the match and continue trying to match the
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packet with the following accounting rules</para>
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</listitem>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">ACTION </emphasis>- What to do when a
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match is found. Possible values are:</para>
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<listitem>
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<para>DONE- Count the match and don't attempt to match any following
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accounting rules.</para>
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</listitem>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>COUNT- Simply count the match and continue trying to match
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the packet with the following accounting rules</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis><chain></emphasis> - The name of a chain to
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jump to. Shorewall will create the chain automatically. If the name
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of the chain is followed by <quote>:COUNT</quote> then a COUNT rule
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matching this rule will automatically be added to <chain>.
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Chain names must start with a letter, must be composed of letters
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and digits, and may contain underscores (<quote>_</quote>) and
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periods (<quote>.</quote>). Beginning with Shorewall version 1.4.8,
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chain names may also contain embedded dashes (<quote>-</quote>) and
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are not required to start with a letter.</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>DONE- Count the match and don't attempt to match any
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following accounting rules.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">CHAIN</emphasis> - The name of the chain
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where the accounting rule is to be added. If empty or <quote>-</quote>
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then the <quote>accounting</quote> chain is assumed.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis><chain></emphasis> - The name of a chain to
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jump to. Shorewall will create the chain automatically. If the
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name of the chain is followed by <quote>:COUNT</quote> then a
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COUNT rule matching this rule will automatically be added to
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<chain>. Chain names must start with a letter, must be
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composed of letters and digits, and may contain underscores
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(<quote>_</quote>) and periods (<quote>.</quote>). Beginning with
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Shorewall version 1.4.8, chain names may also contain embedded
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dashes (<quote>-</quote>) and are not required to start with a
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letter.</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">SOURCE</emphasis> - Packet Source. The name
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of an interface, an address (host or net), or an interface name followed
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by <quote>:</quote> and a host or net address.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">CHAIN</emphasis> - The name of the chain
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where the accounting rule is to be added. If empty or <quote>-</quote>
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then the <quote>accounting</quote> chain is assumed (see <link
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linkend="Bridge">below</link> for exceptions).</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">DESTINATION</emphasis> - Packet Destination
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Format the same as the SOURCE column.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">SOURCE</emphasis> - Packet Source. The
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name of an interface, an address (host or net), or an interface name
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followed by <quote>:</quote> and a host or net address.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">PROTOCOL</emphasis> - A protocol name (from
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<filename>/etc/protocols</filename>), a protocol number or "ipp2p". For
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"ipp2p", your kernel and iptables must have ipp2p match support from
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<ulink url="http://www.netfilter.org">Netfilter
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Patch_o_matic_ng</ulink>.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">DESTINATION</emphasis> - Packet
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Destination Format the same as the SOURCE column.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">DEST PORT</emphasis> - Destination Port
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number. Service name from <filename>/etc/services</filename> or port
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number. May only be specified if the protocol is TCP or UDP (6 or 17).
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If the PROTOCOL is "ipp2p", then this column is interpreted as an ipp2p
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option without the leading "--" (default "ipp2p"). For a list of value
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ipp2p options, as root type <command>iptables -m ipp2p
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--help</command>.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">PROTOCOL</emphasis> - A protocol name
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(from <filename>/etc/protocols</filename>), a protocol number or
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"ipp2p". For "ipp2p", your kernel and iptables must have ipp2p match
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support from <ulink url="http://www.netfilter.org">Netfilter
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Patch_o_matic_ng</ulink>.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">SOURCE PORT</emphasis>- Source Port number.
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Service name from /etc/services or port number. May only be specified if
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the protocol is TCP or UDP (6 or 17).</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">DEST PORT</emphasis> - Destination Port
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number. Service name from <filename>/etc/services</filename> or port
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number. May only be specified if the protocol is TCP or UDP (6 or 17).
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If the PROTOCOL is "ipp2p", then this column is interpreted as an
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ipp2p option without the leading "--" (default "ipp2p"). For a list of
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value ipp2p options, as root type <command>iptables -m ipp2p
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--help</command>.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">USER/GROUP</emphasis> - This column may only
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be non-empty if the CHAIN is OUTPUT. The column may contain:</para>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">SOURCE PORT</emphasis>- Source Port
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number. Service name from /etc/services or port number. May only be
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specified if the protocol is TCP or UDP (6 or 17).</para>
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</listitem>
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<programlisting> [!][<user name or number>][:<group name or number>][+<program name>]</programlisting>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">USER/GROUP</emphasis> - This column may
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only be non-empty if the CHAIN is OUTPUT. The column may
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contain:</para>
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<para>When this column is non-empty, the rule applies only if the
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program generating the output is running under the effective
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<user> and/or <group> specified (or is NOT running under
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that id if "!" is given).</para>
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<programlisting> [!][<user name or number>][:<group name or number>][+<program name>]</programlisting>
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<para>Examples:</para>
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<para>When this column is non-empty, the rule applies only if the
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program generating the output is running under the effective
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<user> and/or <group> specified (or is NOT running under
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that id if "!" is given).</para>
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<simplelist>
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<member>joe #program must be run by joe</member>
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<para>Examples:</para>
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<member>:kids #program must be run by a member of the 'kids'
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group.</member>
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<simplelist>
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<member>joe #program must be run by joe</member>
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<member>!:kids #program must not be run by a member of the 'kids'
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group</member>
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<member>:kids #program must be run by a member of the 'kids'
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group.</member>
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<member>+upnpd #program named upnpd (This feature was removed from
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Netfilter in kernel version 2.6.14).</member>
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</simplelist>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<member>!:kids #program must not be run by a member of the 'kids'
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group</member>
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<para>In all columns except ACTION and CHAIN, the values
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<quote>-</quote>,<quote>any</quote> and <quote>all</quote> are treated as
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wild-cards.</para>
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<member>+upnpd #program named upnpd (This feature was removed from
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Netfilter in kernel version 2.6.14).</member>
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</simplelist>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>The accounting rules are evaluated in the Netfilter
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<quote>filter</quote> table. This is the same environment where the
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<quote>rules</quote> file rules are evaluated and in this environment, DNAT
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has already occurred in inbound packets and SNAT has not yet occurred on
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outbound ones.</para>
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<para>In all columns except ACTION and CHAIN, the values
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<quote>-</quote>,<quote>any</quote> and <quote>all</quote> are treated as
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wild-cards.</para>
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<para>Accounting rules are not stateful -- each rule only handles traffic in
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one direction. For example, if eth0 is your internet interface, and you have
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a web server in your DMZ connected to eth1, then to count HTTP traffic in
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both directions requires two rules:</para>
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<para>The accounting rules are evaluated in the Netfilter
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<quote>filter</quote> table. This is the same environment where the
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<quote>rules</quote> file rules are evaluated and in this environment,
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DNAT has already occurred in inbound packets and SNAT has not yet occurred
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on outbound ones.</para>
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<programlisting> #ACTION CHAIN SOURCE DESTINATION PROTOCOL DEST SOURCE
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<para>Accounting rules are not stateful -- each rule only handles traffic
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in one direction. For example, if eth0 is your internet interface, and you
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have a web server in your DMZ connected to eth1, then to count HTTP
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traffic in both directions requires two rules:</para>
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<programlisting> #ACTION CHAIN SOURCE DESTINATION PROTOCOL DEST SOURCE
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# PORT PORT
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DONE - eth0 eth1 tcp 80
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DONE - eth1 eth0 tcp - 80</programlisting>
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<para>Associating a counter with a chain allows for nice reporting. For
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example:</para>
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<para>Associating a counter with a chain allows for nice reporting. For
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example:</para>
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<programlisting> #ACTION CHAIN SOURCE DESTINATION PROTOCOL DEST SOURCE
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<programlisting> #ACTION CHAIN SOURCE DESTINATION PROTOCOL DEST SOURCE
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# PORT PORT
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web:COUNT - eth0 eth1 tcp 80
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web:COUNT - eth1 eth0 tcp - 80
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@ -184,11 +190,11 @@
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web:COUNT - eth1 eth0 tcp - 443
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DONE web</programlisting>
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<para>Now <quote>shorewall show web</quote> (or "shorewall-lite show web"
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for Shorewall Lite users) will give you a breakdown of your web
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traffic:</para>
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<para>Now <quote>shorewall show web</quote> (or "shorewall-lite show web"
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for Shorewall Lite users) will give you a breakdown of your web
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traffic:</para>
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<programlisting> [root@gateway shorewall]# shorewall show web
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<programlisting> [root@gateway shorewall]# shorewall show web
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Shorewall-1.4.6-20030821 Chain web at gateway.shorewall.net - Wed Aug 20 09:48:56 PDT 2003
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Counters reset Wed Aug 20 09:48:00 PDT 2003
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@ -202,9 +208,9 @@
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29 3297 RETURN all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
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[root@gateway shorewall]#</programlisting>
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<para>Here is a slightly different example:</para>
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<para>Here is a slightly different example:</para>
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<programlisting> #ACTION CHAIN SOURCE DESTINATION PROTOCOL DEST SOURCE
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<programlisting> #ACTION CHAIN SOURCE DESTINATION PROTOCOL DEST SOURCE
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# PORT PORT
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web - eth0 eth1 tcp 80
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web - eth1 eth0 tcp - 80
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@ -213,11 +219,11 @@
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COUNT web eth0 eth1
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COUNT web eth1 eth0</programlisting>
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<para>Now <quote>shorewall show web</quote> (or "shorewall-lite show web"
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for Shorewall Lite users) simply gives you a breakdown by input and
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output:</para>
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<para>Now <quote>shorewall show web</quote> (or "shorewall-lite show web"
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for Shorewall Lite users) simply gives you a breakdown by input and
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output:</para>
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<programlisting> [root@gateway shorewall]# shorewall show accounting web
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<programlisting> [root@gateway shorewall]# shorewall show accounting web
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Shorewall-1.4.6-20030821 Chains accounting web at gateway.shorewall.net - Wed Aug 20 10:27:21 PDT 2003
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Counters reset Wed Aug 20 10:24:33 PDT 2003
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@ -225,7 +231,9 @@
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Chain accounting (3 references)
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pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
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8767 727K web tcp -- eth0 eth1 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:80
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0 0 web tcp -- eth0 eth1 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:443
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0 0 web tcp -- eth0 eth1 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:443</programlisting>
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<programlisting>
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11506 13M web tcp -- eth1 eth0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp spt:80
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0 0 web tcp -- eth1 eth0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp spt:443
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@ -235,16 +243,16 @@
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11506 13M all -- eth1 eth0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
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[root@gateway shorewall]#</programlisting>
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<para>Here's how the same example would be constructed on an HTTP server
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with only one interface (eth0).</para>
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<para>Here's how the same example would be constructed on an HTTP server
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with only one interface (eth0).</para>
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<caution>
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<para>READ THE ABOVE CAREFULLY -- IT SAYS <emphasis
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role="bold">SERVER</emphasis>. If you want to account for web browsing,
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you have to reverse the rules below.</para>
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</caution>
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<caution>
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<para>READ THE ABOVE CAREFULLY -- IT SAYS <emphasis
|
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role="bold">SERVER</emphasis>. If you want to account for web browsing,
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you have to reverse the rules below.</para>
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</caution>
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<programlisting> #ACTION CHAIN SOURCE DESTINATION PROTOCOL DEST SOURCE
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<programlisting> #ACTION CHAIN SOURCE DESTINATION PROTOCOL DEST SOURCE
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# PORT PORT
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web - eth0 - tcp 80
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web - - eth0 tcp - 80
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@ -253,12 +261,12 @@
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COUNT web eth0
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COUNT web - eth0</programlisting>
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<para>Note that with only one interface, only the SOURCE (for input rules)
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or the DESTINATION (for output rules) is specified in each rule.</para>
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<para>Note that with only one interface, only the SOURCE (for input rules)
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or the DESTINATION (for output rules) is specified in each rule.</para>
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<para>Here's the output:</para>
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<para>Here's the output:</para>
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<programlisting> [root@mail shorewall]# shorewall show accounting web Shorewall-1.4.7
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<programlisting> [root@mail shorewall]# shorewall show accounting web Shorewall-1.4.7
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Chains accounting web at mail.shorewall.net - Sun Oct 12 10:27:21 PDT 2003
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Counters reset Sat Oct 11 08:12:57 PDT 2003
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@ -276,7 +284,54 @@
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11506 13M all -- * eth0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
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[root@mail shorewall]#</programlisting>
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<para>For an example of integrating Shorewall Accounting with MRTG, see
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<ulink
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url="http://www.nightbrawler.com/code/shorewall-stats/">http://www.nightbrawler.com/code/shorewall-stats/</ulink>.</para>
|
||||
<para>For an example of integrating Shorewall Accounting with MRTG, see
|
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<ulink
|
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url="http://www.nightbrawler.com/code/shorewall-stats/">http://www.nightbrawler.com/code/shorewall-stats/</ulink>.</para>
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</section>
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<section id="Bridge">
|
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<title>Accounting with Bridges</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The structure of the accounting rules changes slightly when there
|
||||
are <ulink url="bridge-Shorewall-perl.html">bridges</ulink> defined in the
|
||||
Shorewall configuration. Because of the restrictions imposed by Netfilter
|
||||
in kernel 2.6.21 and later, output accounting rules must be segregated
|
||||
from forwarding and input rules. To accomplish this separation,
|
||||
Shorewall-perl creates two accounting chains:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para><emphasis role="bold">accounting</emphasis> - for input and
|
||||
forwarded traffic.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para><emphasis role="bold">accountout</emphasis> - for output
|
||||
traffic.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>If the CHAIN column contains '-', then:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>If the SOURCE column in a rule includes the name of the firewall
|
||||
zone (e.g., $FW), then the default chain to insert the rule into is
|
||||
<emphasis role="bold">accountout</emphasis> only.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Otherwise, if the DEST in the rule is <emphasis
|
||||
role="bold">any</emphasis> or <emphasis role="bold">all</emphasis> or
|
||||
0.0.0.0/0, then the rule is added to both <emphasis
|
||||
role="bold">accounting</emphasis> and <emphasis
|
||||
role="bold">accountout</emphasis>.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Otherwise, the rule is added to <emphasis
|
||||
role="bold">accounting</emphasis> only.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
</article>
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user