zrok/docs/overview.md

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0	What is zrok

What is zrok

Overview

zrok is a super-lightweight tool for providing on-demand access to dark, unreachable resources. The super-power of zrok is providing a single-step solution to creating ephemeral network connectivity. From an end-user perspective, zrok is a tool packaged as a single executable, which can be used as a "shim" to quickly create public endpoints for dark resources.

zrok is also a service (which can be self-hosted) and runs on top of any OpenZiti network. The service provides one or more listening endpoints (typically on the public internet), that are designed to dynamically expose endpoints (HTTP(S)-only, as of v0.1.x), as requested by the end-user zrok tooling.

zrok listening endpoints, and zrok terminating endpoints are typically used together to create the streamlined, ephemeral connectivity solution for dark services. But listening endpoints and the terminating endpoints can be used orthogonally, interoperating with other Ziti SDK clients.

The Primary Use Case

The primary use case for zrok is exposing dark resources across the public internet, for a multiplicity of reasons. Consider a developer, who is building a web application and wants to share work in progress with third parties for review. The developer already has signed up for a zrok account and has been issued a secret token.

The developer will have enabled zrok capabilities for their shell environment using the zrok enable command:

$ zrok enable <secret-token>

After enabling their environment, the developer can quickly create a publicly available URL for their application like this:

$ zrok http http://localhost:3000

zrok will then give them a public URL, like this:

http://d9121e7cdfd2dd2f.zrok.io/

This URL can be shared with anyone, anywhere, allowing access to the developer's application as long as the developer is running the zrok http command. Simply ending that process will destroy all of the public access, and clean up the associated resources in the underlying Ziti environment.

How Does zrok Work?

At a high level, the zrok stack looks like this:

Let's discuss a couple of the flows through the above use case and talk about what's happening.

The zrok enable Flow

When a new zrok user signs up for an account, they are issued a "secret token". This secret token is used to enable shell access to zrok http from the command line.

When the user runs zrok enable from their shell, here's what happens:

1. The zrok enable client reaches out with an enable request to the zrok controller.
2. The zrok controller creates a new Ziti identity for the environment and enrolls it.
3. The zrok controller creates an edge router policy associating the new Ziti identity with #all edge routers.
4. The zrok controller returns the entire SDK configuration back to the zrok enable client.
5. The zrok enable client then stores the Ziti identity along with a few other housekeeping details in the user's ~/.zrok folder (we refer to this as zrokdir, conceptually in the code).
6. With the Ziti identity and configuration details stored in the user's zrokdir, the user is then able to create any number of binding endpoints using the zrok http command.

The zrok http Flow

When a zrok user issues a zrok http command for an endpoint, here's what happens:

1. The zrok http client gathers the necessary identity details from the zrokdir (this was all staged during zrok enable).
2. The zrok http client reaches out to the zrok controller with an authenticated tunnel request, asking to have a new endpoint binding created.
3. The zrok controller allocates a new "service name" for the binding.
4. The zrok controller creates a zrok.proxy.v1 configuration describing the user's requested authentication details (currently: none or basic).
5. The zrok controller creates a new service, associating the service with the configuration.
6. The zrok controller creates a bind service policy for the user's environment identity and the newly created Ziti service.
7. The zrok controller creates a dial service policy allowing the configured listening endpoints (ingress proxies) to dial the newly created service.
8. The zrok controller creates a service edge router policy associating the newly created service with #all edge routers.
9. The URL for the new zrok service is constructed and returned to the zrok http client.
10. The zrok http client then binds the Ziti service with an SDK client, and begins reverse-proxying traffic received from Ziti across to the dark service.

When the user terminates the zrok http client, these resources are removed from the Ziti network.

zrok proxy and HTTP Clients

When zrok http exposes a service and returns a URL, that URL is designed to be sent to a zrok listening endpoint (zrok proxy, currently). The zrok proxy is a stateless SDK client with an HTTP(S) listener exposed to the public internet.

When an HTTP request arrives as the zrok proxy listener, this happens:

1. The zrok proxy parses the Host header provided by the client, extracting the zrok service name from the URL.
2. The service is refreshed (if necessary) and retrieved. The zrok.proxy.v1 configuration details are retrieved.
3. The zrok.proxy.v1 configuration is used to do authentication processing. If authentication is required, such a response is returned to the client.
4. The zrok proxy then dials the Ziti service, and the dialed service is used to reverse proxy the request from the end user across Ziti to the binding endpoint, and then dark service.

The zrok proxy does not require any communication with the zrok controller, and is stateless. They can be pooled behind a load balancer. It is currently a goal is to maintain this lightweight nature.