forked from extern/nix-config
154 lines
6.6 KiB
Markdown
154 lines
6.6 KiB
Markdown
## Common Commands
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- Move files: `mv <source> <dest>`
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- Move directories: `mv -r <source> <dest>`
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- Copy files: `cp <source> <dest>`
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- Copy directories: `cp -r <source> <dest>`
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- Copy all files from one directory to an existing directory (includes dotfiles and subdirectories): `cp -R dir_1/. dir_2/`
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Note that "renaming" files is the same as moving them from one location to another. For example, if you want to rename a file `oldfile` to `newfile`, then you would type `mv oldfile newfile`.
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- Print the contents of a file: `cat <filename>`
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- Batch rename multiple files: `rename -v <find_this_string> <replace_with_this_string> <in_these_files>`
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- Remove (delete) files: `rm <filename>`
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- Remove (delete) a directory: `rm -r <dirname>`
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- Make a new file: `touch <filename>`
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- Make a new directory: `mkdir <dirname>`
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- List all the files in a directory: `ls` **OR** `find`
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- List all the directories in a directory: `ls -d */`
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- List all the files in a directory, including dotfiles: `ls -A`
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- List all the files in dirname: `ls <dirname>`
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- Only list png and jpg files: `ls *.{png,jpg}`
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- Print the file type based on header information: `file <filename>`
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- Show all running processes as a tree: `pstree`
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- Print the number of new lines: `wc -l <file>`
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- Print the maximum line length: `wc -L <file>`
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- Print the word count: `wc -w <file>`
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- Show the size of the current directory, including subdirectories: `du -h`
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- Show the size of the current directory and its files: `du -ha`
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- Get more information about any command: `man <command>`
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## Switching Directories
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- Go up one directory: `..`
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- Go up two directories: `...`
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- Go to the home directory: `~` OR simply `cd` with no parameters
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- Go to dirname: `dirname`
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Note that for all of the above, `cd` is not required.
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### Other Commands
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- Print the working directory: `pwd`
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- Make a script executable: `chmod +x <file>`
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- Termite the processes with a specific word in it: `killall -q <word>`
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- Get the current time and settings: `timedatectl`
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- Show what gets executed when you run a command: `which <command>`
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- Create a symbolic (soft) link between two files: `ln -s <source> <dest>`
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- When a program references `dest`, it will link to and give `source`.
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- In comparison, a hard link is when you make a copy of the file
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- Change the permissions of a directory to all users: `chmod -R a+rwX dir/`
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- Give permissions to the user `hello` and the group `world`: `chown -R hello:world dir/`
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- Given text input, return only unique lines (aka no duplicates): `cat <input_file> | uniq`
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- Search all files in a directory (and all subdirectories) for a given string: `grep -inr <search_term>` **OR** `g <search_term>`
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### System Commands
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- Logout of the current user session: `logout`
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- Restart the system: `reboot`
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- Turn off the computer: `poweroff`
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## Installed Commands
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These programs are installed on top of the base system.
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- List the entire contents of a directory: `tree`
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- List all the directories in a directory, up to 2 levels deep: `tree -d -L 2`
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- Beautify any JSON output: `<json_output> | jq '.'`
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- Easily search for a file in a directory and its subdirectories: `fzf`
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### Inox
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- Open a webpage in a borderless window: `inox --app=<url>`
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- Open a webpage in the regular browser window: `inox <url>`
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### Waterfox
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- Open a webpage in a new window: `waterfox --new-window <url>`
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- Open a webpage in a new tab: `waterfox --new-tab <url>`
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- Search for a specific term: `waterfox --search <term>`
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### Jekyll
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- Start a server and monitor it for changes (useful for development): `jekyll serve`
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- Start a server and detach it from the current shell: `jekyll serve --detach`
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- Terminate a jekyll server that was detached from the shell: `kill -9 <pid>`
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- Terminate all jekyll servers: `pkill -f jekyll`
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Note that you can run multiple servers on different ports through Jekyll and other software.
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### Crystal
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- Build and run the program directly: `crystal <file>`
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- Compile the program to binary: `crystal build <file>`
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- Add `--progress` or `-p` to show build progress
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- Add `--release` when you're building the release version (takes longer)
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- Add `--no-debug` to increase the build speed (useful for dev builds)
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- Add `-o` to specify the location of the output file
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### Dealing with Archives
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- Zip all files in a directotry: `zip -r <zip_name> <directory>`
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- View the contents of rar files: `unrar lb <files>`
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- Extract the contents of rar files: `unrar x <files>`
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- Extract the contents of zip files: `unzip <files>`
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- Extract any type of archiving algorithm: `extract <filename>`
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**Note**: When using `unrar` or `unzip` to extract multiple files (with wildcards), you must first escape the `*` to `\*`.
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### Opening Things
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Note that the preferred way to open things is with the `open` function; however, sometimes it is necessary to use these commands if, for example, you're loading an entire directory.
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- Open a video or multiple videos in a playlist: `mpv <files/dir>`
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### Firejail
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Use `firejail` to sandbox a program or other piece of software. This ensures that the program does not have access to your entire file system since it runs in a restricted environment.
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- Run a program in firejail with its default profile (if it exists): `firejail <program>`
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- Use firejail by default for all programs that have profiles: `firecfg`
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- List all the programs that use firejail by default: `firecfg --list`
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- Remove all symbolic links to firejail: `firecfg --clean`
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- Verify that firejail is being used for a particular program: `firejail --list`
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### Pacaur
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- Install packages: `pacaur -S <packages>`
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- Remove packages (including dependencies no longer needed): `pacaur -Rs <packages>`
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- Update all packages: `pacaur -Syu`
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- Search for a specific package: `pacaur -Ss <package>`
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Note that if you ever get 404s with `pacman` or `pacaur`, you need to update your local database to the new download locations with `-Syu` first.
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### Other Pacman Variants
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- View the dependencies of a package in tree format: `pactree -c <package>`
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- Add `-d 1` to limit the depth of the tree to one level deep
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- List all the packages that depend on a certain package: `pactree -rc <package>`
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- Remove all cached versions of packages except the most recent one: `paccache -rk1`
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- Remove all cached versions of uninstalled packages: `paccache -ruk0`
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### Working with Online Resources
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- Download anything online: `wget <url>`
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- View the response header and contents of any webpage: `http <url>`
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## Custom Commands
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- Easily switch to a 4k resolution with DPI scaling: `4k`
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- Easily switch to a 1080p resolution (with 96 DPI): `1080p`
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- Run a command as root: `pls <command>`
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- Run the previous command as root: `pls !!`
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