Add failing reproduction test case

* httpie/internal/daemons.py
* httpie/utils.py

.editorconfig

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# https://editorconfig.org
+root = true
+
+[*]
+indent_style = space
+indent_size = 4
+end_of_line = lf
+charset = utf-8
+trim_trailing_whitespace = true
+insert_final_newline = true
+
+[*.yml]
+indent_size = 2
+
+[Makefile]
+indent_style = tab
+indent_size = 8

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+---
+name: Bug report
+about: Report a possible bug in HTTPie
+title: ''
+labels: "new, bug"
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
+## Checklist
+
+- [ ] I've searched for similar issues.
+- [ ] I'm using the latest version of HTTPie.
+
+---
+
+## Minimal reproduction code and steps
+
+1.
+2.
+3.
+
+## Current result
+
+…
+
+## Expected result
+
+…
+
+---
+
+## Debug output
+
+Please re-run the command with `--debug`, then copy the entire command & output and paste both below:
+
+```bash
+$ http --debug <COMPLETE ARGUMENT LIST THAT TRIGGERS THE ERROR>
+<COMPLETE OUTPUT>
+```
+
+## Additional information, screenshots, or code examples
+
+…

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+---
+name: Feature request
+about: Suggest an enhancement for HTTPie
+title: ''
+labels: "new, enhancement"
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
+## Checklist
+
+- [ ] I've searched for similar feature requests.
+
+---
+
+## Enhancement request
+
+…
+
+---
+
+## Problem it solves
+
+E.g. “I'm always frustrated when […]”, “I’m trying to do […] so that […]”.
+
+---
+
+## Additional information, screenshots, or code examples
+
+…

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/other.md

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+---
+name: Other
+about: Anything else that isn't a feature or a bug
+title: ''
+labels: "new"
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
+If you have a general question, please consider asking on Discord: https://httpie.io/chat

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+version: 2
+updates:
+  # GitHub Actions
+  - package-ecosystem: github-actions
+    directory: /
+    schedule:
+      interval: daily
+    assignees:
+      - BoboTiG

.github/workflows/autogenerated-files.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+name: Update Autogenerated Files
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+
+jobs:
+  regen-autogenerated-files:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v3
+        with:
+          python-version: 3.9
+
+      - run: make regen-all
+
+      - name: Create Pull Request
+        id: cpr
+        uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@v4
+        with:
+          commit-message: "[automated] Update auto-generated files"
+          title: "[automated] Update auto-generated files"
+          delete-branch: true
+          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/benchmark.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+name: Benchmark
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    types: [ labeled ]
+
+permissions:
+  issues: write
+  pull-requests: write
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    if: github.event.label.name == 'benchmark'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v3
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.9"
+
+      - id: benchmarks
+        name: Run Benchmarks
+        run: |
+          python -m pip install pyperf>=2.3.0
+          python extras/profiling/run.py --fresh --complex  --min-speed=6 --file output.txt
+          body=$(cat output.txt)
+          body="${body//'%'/'%25'}"
+          body="${body//$'\n'/'%0A'}"
+          body="${body//$'\r'/'%0D'}"
+          echo "::set-output name=body::$body"
+
+      - name: Find Comment
+        uses: peter-evans/find-comment@v2
+        id: fc
+        with:
+          issue-number: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
+          comment-author: 'github-actions[bot]'
+          body-includes: '# Benchmarks'
+
+      - name: Create or update comment
+        uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v2
+        with:
+          comment-id: ${{ steps.fc.outputs.comment-id }}
+          issue-number: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
+          body: |
+            # Benchmarks
+            ${{ steps.benchmarks.outputs.body }}
+          edit-mode: replace
+
+      - uses: actions-ecosystem/action-remove-labels@v1
+        with:
+          labels: benchmark

.github/workflows/code-style.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+name: Code Style Check
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - .github/workflows/code-style.yml
+      - extras/*.py
+      - httpie/**/*.py
+      - setup.py
+      - tests/**/*.py
+
+jobs:
+  code-style:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v3
+        with:
+          python-version: 3.9
+      - run: make venv
+      - run: make codestyle

.github/workflows/coverage.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+name: Coverage
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - .github/workflows/coverage.yml
+      - httpie/**/*.py
+      - setup.*
+      - tests/**/*.py
+
+jobs:
+  coverage:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v3
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.10"
+      - run: make install
+      - run: make test-cover
+      - run: make codecov-upload
+        env:
+          CODECOV_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_REPO_TOKEN }}
+      - run: make test-dist

.github/workflows/docs-check-markdown.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+name: Check Markdown Style
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - "*.md"
+      - "**/*.md"
+
+jobs:
+  doc:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: Setup Ruby
+        uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
+        with:
+          ruby-version: 2.7
+      - name: Install the linter
+        run: sudo gem install mdl
+      - name: Check files
+        run: make doc-check

.github/workflows/docs-deploy.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+name: Deploy Documentation
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+    paths:
+      - docs/README.md
+      - docs/config.json
+  release:
+    types:
+      - published
+      - unpublished
+      - deleted
+jobs:
+  trigger-doc-build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Install HTTPie
+        run: sudo snap install --edge httpie
+      - name: Trigger new documentation build
+        run: http --ignore-stdin POST ${{ secrets.DOCS_UPDATE_VERCEL_HOOK }}

.github/workflows/release-brew.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+name: Release on Homebrew
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      branch:
+        description: "The branch, tag or SHA to release from"
+        required: true
+        default: "master"
+
+jobs:
+  brew-release:
+    name: Release the Homebrew Package
+    runs-on: macos-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        with:
+          ref: ${{ github.event.inputs.branch }}
+
+      - uses: mislav/bump-homebrew-formula-action@v1
+        with:
+          formula-name: httpie
+          tag-name: ${{ github.events.inputs.branch }}
+        env:
+          COMMITTER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.BREW_UPDATE_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/release-choco.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+name: Release on Chocolatey
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      branch:
+        description: "The branch, tag or SHA to release from"
+        required: true
+        default: "master"
+
+jobs:
+  brew-release:
+    name: Release the Chocolatey
+    runs-on: windows-2019
+    env:
+        package-dir: docs\packaging\windows-chocolatey
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        with:
+          ref: ${{ github.event.inputs.branch }}
+
+      # Chocolatey comes already installed on the Windows GHA image
+      - name: Build the Choco package
+        shell: cmd
+        run: choco pack -v
+        working-directory: ${{ env.package-dir }}
+
+      - name: Check the Choco package
+        run: choco info httpie -s .
+        working-directory: ${{ env.package-dir }}
+
+      - name: Local installation
+        run: |
+          choco install httpie -y -dv -s "'.;https://community.chocolatey.org/api/v2/'"
+        working-directory: ${{ env.package-dir }}
+
+      - name: Test the locally installed binaries
+        run: |
+          # Source: https://stackoverflow.com/a/46760714/15330941
+
+          # Make `refreshenv` available right away, by defining the $env:ChocolateyInstall
+          # variable and importing the Chocolatey profile module.
+          $env:ChocolateyInstall = Convert-Path "$((Get-Command choco).Path)\..\.."
+          Import-Module "$env:ChocolateyInstall\helpers\chocolateyProfile.psm1"
+          refreshenv
+
+          http --version
+          https --version
+          httpie --version
+          choco uninstall -y httpie
+        working-directory: ${{ env.package-dir }}
+
+      - name: Publish on Chocolatey
+        shell: bash
+        env:
+          CHOCO_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.CHOCO_API_KEY }}
+        run: |
+          choco apikey --key $CHOCO_API_KEY --source https://push.chocolatey.org/
+          choco push httpie*.nupkg --source https://push.chocolatey.org/
+        working-directory: ${{ env.package-dir }}

.github/workflows/release-linux-standalone.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+name: Release as Standalone Linux Package
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      branch:
+        description: "The branch, tag or SHA to release from"
+        required: true
+        default: "master"
+      tag_name:
+        description: "Which release to upload the artifacts to (e.g., 3.0)"
+        required: true
+
+  release:
+    types: [released, prereleased]
+
+
+jobs:
+  binary-build-and-release:
+    name: Build and Release
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        with:
+          ref: ${{ github.event.inputs.branch }}
+
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v3
+        with:
+          python-version: 3.9
+
+      - name: Build Artifacts
+        run: |
+          cd extras/packaging/linux
+          ./get_release_artifacts.sh
+
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          name: http
+          path: extras/packaging/linux/artifacts/dist/http
+
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          name: httpie.deb
+          path: extras/packaging/linux/artifacts/dist/*.deb
+
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          name: httpie.rpm
+          path: extras/packaging/linux/artifacts/dist/*.rpm
+
+      - name: Determine the release upload upload_url
+        id: release_id
+        run: |
+          pip install httpie
+          export API_URL="api.github.com/repos/httpie/httpie/releases/tags/${{ github.event.inputs.tag_name }}"
+          export UPLOAD_URL=`https --ignore-stdin GET $API_URL | jq -r ".upload_url"`
+          echo "::set-output name=UPLOAD_URL::$UPLOAD_URL"
+
+      - name: Publish Debian Package
+        uses: actions/upload-release-asset@v1.0.2
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          upload_url: ${{ steps.release_id.outputs.UPLOAD_URL }}
+          asset_path: extras/packaging/linux/artifacts/dist/httpie_${{ github.event.inputs.tag_name }}_amd64.deb
+          asset_name: httpie-${{ github.event.inputs.tag_name }}.deb
+          asset_content_type: binary/octet-stream
+
+      - name: Publish Single Executable
+        uses: actions/upload-release-asset@v1.0.2
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          upload_url: ${{ steps.release_id.outputs.UPLOAD_URL }}
+          asset_path: extras/packaging/linux/artifacts/dist/http
+          asset_name: http
+          asset_content_type: binary/octet-stream

.github/workflows/release-pypi.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+name: Release on PyPI
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      branch:
+        description: "The branch, tag or SHA to release from"
+        required: true
+        default: "master"
+
+jobs:
+  pypi-build-and-release:
+    name: Build and Release
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        with:
+          ref: ${{ github.event.inputs.branch }}
+
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v3
+        with:
+          python-version: 3.9
+
+      - name: Build a binary wheel and a source tarball
+        run: make install && make build
+
+      - name: Release on PyPI
+        uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@master
+        with:
+          password: ${{ secrets.PYPI_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/release-snap.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+name: Release on Snap
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      branch:
+        description: "The branch, tag or SHA to release from"
+        required: true
+        default: "master"
+
+jobs:
+  snap-build-and-release:
+    name: Build & Release the Snap Package
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    strategy:
+      # If any of the stages fail, then we'll stop the action
+      # to give release manager time to investigate the underlying
+      # issue.
+      fail-fast: true
+      matrix:
+        level: [edge, beta, candidate, stable]
+
+    # Set the concurrency level for this version, so
+    # that we'll release one by one.
+    concurrency: ${{ github.event.inputs.branch }}
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        with:
+          ref: ${{ github.event.inputs.branch }}
+
+      - uses: snapcore/action-build@v1
+        id: build
+
+      - uses: snapcore/action-publish@v1
+        with:
+          store_login: ${{ secrets.SNAP_STORE_LOGIN }}
+          snap: ${{ steps.build.outputs.snap }}
+          release: ${{ matrix.level }}

.github/workflows/stale.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+name: Mark stale pull requests
+
+on: workflow_dispatch
+
+permissions:
+  pull-requests: write
+
+jobs:
+  stale:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/stale@v5
+      with:
+        close-pr-message: 'Thanks for the pull request, but since it was stale for more than a 30 days we are closing it. If you want to work back on it, feel free to re-open it or create a new one.'
+        stale-pr-label: 'stale'
+
+        days-before-stale: -1
+        days-before-issue-stale: -1
+        days-before-pr-stale: 30
+
+        days-before-close: -1
+        days-before-issue-close: -1
+        days-before-pr-close: 0
+        
+        operations-per-run: 300

.github/workflows/test-package-linux-snap.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+name: Test Snap Package (Linux)
+
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - .github/workflows/test-package-linux-snap.yml
+      - snapcraft.yaml
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  snap:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: Build
+        uses: snapcore/action-build@v1
+        id: snapcraft
+      - name: Install
+        run: sudo snap install --dangerous ${{ steps.snapcraft.outputs.snap }}
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          httpie.http --version
+          httpie.https --version
+          httpie --version
+          # Auto-aliases cannot be tested when installing a snap outside the store.
+          # http --version
+          # https --version

.github/workflows/test-package-mac-brew.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+name: Test Brew Package (MacOS)
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - .github/workflows/test-package-mac-brew.yml
+      - docs/packaging/brew/httpie.rb
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  brew:
+    runs-on: macos-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: Setup brew
+        run: |
+          brew developer on
+          brew update
+      - name: Build and test the formula
+        run: make brew-test

.github/workflows/tests.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+name: Tests
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+    paths:
+      - .github/workflows/tests.yml
+      - httpie/**/*.py
+      - setup.*
+      - tests/**/*.py
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - .github/workflows/tests.yml
+      - httpie/**/*.py
+      - setup.*
+      - tests/**/*.py
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest, windows-latest]
+        python-version: [3.7, 3.8, 3.9, "3.10"]
+        pyopenssl: [0, 1]
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v3
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+      - name: Windows setup
+        if: matrix.os == 'windows-latest'
+        run: |
+          python -m pip install --upgrade pip wheel
+          python -m pip install --upgrade '.[dev]'
+          python -m pytest --verbose ./httpie ./tests
+        env:
+          HTTPIE_TEST_WITH_PYOPENSSL: ${{ matrix.pyopenssl }}
+      - name: Linux & Mac setup
+        if: matrix.os != 'windows-latest'
+        run: |
+          make install
+          make test
+        env:
+          HTTPIE_TEST_WITH_PYOPENSSL: ${{ matrix.pyopenssl }}

.gitignore

@@ -1,10 +1,155 @@
-dist
-httpie.egg-info
-build
-*.pyc
-.tox
-README.html
-.coverage
-htmlcov
-.idea
 .DS_Store
+.idea/
+*.egg-info
+.cache/
+*.pyc
+htmlcov
+
+
+##############################################################################
+# The below is GitHub template for Python project. gitignore.
+# <https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/master/Python.gitignore>
+##############################################################################
+
+# Byte-compiled / optimized / DLL files
+__pycache__/
+*.py[cod]
+*$py.class
+
+# C extensions
+*.so
+
+# Distribution / packaging
+.Python
+build/
+develop-eggs/
+dist/
+downloads/
+eggs/
+.eggs/
+lib/
+lib64/
+parts/
+sdist/
+var/
+wheels/
+pip-wheel-metadata/
+share/python-wheels/
+*.egg-info/
+.installed.cfg
+*.egg
+MANIFEST
+
+# PyInstaller
+#  Usually these files are written by a python script from a template
+#  before PyInstaller builds the exe, so as to inject date/other infos into it.
+*.spec
+*.manifest
+
+# Installer logs
+pip-log.txt
+pip-delete-this-directory.txt
+
+# Unit test / coverage reports
+htmlcov/
+.nox/
+.coverage
+.coverage.*
+.cache
+nosetests.xml
+coverage.xml
+*.cover
+*.py,cover
+.hypothesis/
+.pytest_cache/
+
+# Translations
+*.mo
+*.pot
+
+# Django stuff:
+*.log
+local_settings.py
+db.sqlite3
+db.sqlite3-journal
+
+# Flask stuff:
+instance/
+.webassets-cache
+
+# Scrapy stuff:
+.scrapy
+
+# Sphinx documentation
+docs/_build/
+
+# PyBuilder
+target/
+
+# Jupyter Notebook
+.ipynb_checkpoints
+
+# IPython
+profile_default/
+ipython_config.py
+
+# pyenv
+.python-version
+
+# pipenv
+#   According to pypa/pipenv#598, it is recommended to include Pipfile.lock in version control.
+#   However, in case of collaboration, if having platform-specific dependencies or dependencies
+#   having no cross-platform support, pipenv may install dependencies that don't work, or not
+#   install all needed dependencies.
+#Pipfile.lock
+
+# PEP 582; used by e.g. github.com/David-OConnor/pyflow
+__pypackages__/
+
+# Celery stuff
+celerybeat-schedule
+celerybeat.pid
+
+# SageMath parsed files
+*.sage.py
+
+# Environments
+.env
+.venv
+env/
+venv/
+venv*/
+ENV/
+env.bak/
+venv.bak/
+
+# Spyder project settings
+.spyderproject
+.spyproject
+
+# Rope project settings
+.ropeproject
+
+# mkdocs documentation
+/site
+
+# mypy
+.mypy_cache/
+.dmypy.json
+dmypy.json
+
+# Pyre type checker
+.pyre/
+
+# Packit
+/httpie.spec
+/httpie-*.rpm
+/httpie-*.tar.gz
+
+# VS Code
+.vscode/
+
+# Windows Chocolatey
+*.nupkg
+
+artifacts/

.packit.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# See the documentation for more information:
+# https://packit.dev/docs/configuration/
+specfile_path: httpie.spec
+actions:
+  # get the current Fedora Rawhide specfile:
+  post-upstream-clone: "wget https://src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/httpie/raw/rawhide/f/httpie.spec -O httpie.spec"
+  # Use this when the latest spec is not up-to-date.
+  # post-upstream-clone: "cp docs/packaging/linux-fedora/httpie.spec.txt httpie.spec"
+jobs:
+- job: propose_downstream
+  trigger: release
+  metadata:
+    dist_git_branches:
+    - rawhide

.travis.yml

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-language: python
-python:
-  - 2.6
-  - 2.7
-  - pypy
-  - 3.3
-script: python setup.py test
-install:
-  - pip install . --use-mirrors

AUTHORS.md

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# HTTPie authors
+
+- [Jakub Roztocil](https://github.com/jakubroztocil)
+
+## Patches, features, ideas
+
+[Complete list of contributors on GitHub](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/graphs/contributors)
+
+- [Cláudia T. Delgado](https://github.com/claudiatd)
+- [Hank Gay](https://github.com/gthank)
+- [Jake Basile](https://github.com/jakebasile)
+- [Vladimir Berkutov](https://github.com/dair-targ)
+- [Jakob Kramer](https://github.com/gandaro)
+- [Chris Faulkner](https://github.com/faulkner)
+- [Alen Mujezinovic](https://github.com/flashingpumpkin)
+- [Praful Mathur](https://github.com/tictactix)
+- [Marc Abramowitz](https://github.com/msabramo)
+- [Ismail Badawi](https://github.com/isbadawi)
+- [Laurent Bachelier](https://github.com/laurentb)
+- [Isman Firmansyah](https://github.com/iromli)
+- [Simon Olofsson](https://github.com/simono)
+- [Churkin Oleg](https://github.com/Bahus)
+- [Jökull Sólberg Auðunsson](https://github.com/jokull)
+- [Matthew M. Boedicker](https://github.com/mmb)
+- [marblar](https://github.com/marblar)
+- [Tomek Wójcik](https://github.com/tomekwojcik)
+- [Davey Shafik](https://github.com/dshafik)
+- [cido](https://github.com/cido)
+- [Justin Bonnar](https://github.com/jargonjustin)
+- [Nathan LaFreniere](https://github.com/nlf)
+- [Matthias Lehmann](https://github.com/matleh)
+- [Dennis Brakhane](https://github.com/brakhane)
+- [Matt Layman](https://github.com/mblayman)
+- [Edward Yang](https://github.com/honorabrutroll)
+- [Aleksandr Vinokurov](https://github.com/aleksandr-vin)
+- [Jeff Byrnes](https://github.com/jeffbyrnes)
+- [Denis Belavin](https://github.com/LuckyDenis)
+- [Mickaël Schoentgen](https://github.com/BoboTiG)
+- [Elena Lape](https://github.com/elenalape)
+- [Rohit Sehgal](https://github.com/r0hi7)
+- [Bartłomiej Jacak](https://github.com/bartekjacak)

AUTHORS.rst

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-==============
-HTTPie authors
-==============
-
-* `Jakub Roztocil <https://github.com/jkbr>`_
-
-
-Patches and ideas
------------------
-
-* `Cláudia T. Delgado <https://github.com/claudiatd>`_ (logo)
-* `Hank Gay <https://github.com/gthank>`_
-* `Jake Basile <https://github.com/jakebasile>`_
-* `Vladimir Berkutov <https://github.com/dair-targ>`_
-* `Jakob Kramer <https://github.com/gandaro>`_
-* `Chris Faulkner <https://github.com/faulkner>`_
-* `Alen Mujezinovic <https://github.com/flashingpumpkin>`_
-* `Praful Mathur <https://github.com/tictactix>`_
-* `Marc Abramowitz <https://github.com/msabramo>`_
-* `Ismail Badawi <https://github.com/isbadawi>`_
-* `Laurent Bachelier <https://github.com/laurentb>`_
-* `Isman Firmansyah <https://github.com/iromli>`_
-* `Simon Olofsson <https://github.com/simono>`_
-* `Churkin Oleg <https://github.com/Bahus>`_
-* `Jökull Sólberg Auðunsson <https://github.com/jokull>`_
-* `Matthew M. Boedicker <https://github.com/mmb>`_
-* `marblar <https://github.com/marblar>`_
-* `Tomek Wójcik <https://github.com/tomekwojcik>`_
-* `Davey Shafik <https://github.com/dshafik>`_
-* `cido <https://github.com/cido>`_

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -0,0 +1,449 @@
+# Change Log
+
+This document records all notable changes to [HTTPie](https://httpie.io).
+This project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/).
+
+## [3.2.1](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/3.1.0...3.2.1) (2022-05-06)
+
+- Improved support for determining auto-streaming when the `Content-Type` header includes encoding information. ([#1383](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/pull/1383))
+- Fixed the display of the crash happening in the secondary process for update checks. ([#1388](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1388))
+
+## [3.2.0](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/3.1.0...3.2.0) (2022-05-05)
+
+- Added a warning for notifying the user about the new updates. ([#1336](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/pull/1336))
+- Added support for single binary executables. ([#1330](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/pull/1330))
+- Added support for man pages (and auto generation of them from the parser declaration). ([#1317](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/pull/1317))
+- Added `http --manual` for man pages & regular manual with pager. ([#1343](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/pull/1343))
+- Added support for session persistence of repeated headers with the same name. ([#1335](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/pull/1335))
+- Added support for sending `Secure` cookies to the `localhost` (and `.local` suffixed domains). ([#1308](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1308))
+- Improved UI for the progress bars. ([#1324](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/pull/1324))
+- Fixed redundant creation of `Content-Length` header on `OPTIONS` requests. ([#1310](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1310))
+- Fixed blocking of warning thread on some use cases. ([#1349](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1349))
+- Changed `httpie plugins` to the new `httpie cli` namespace as `httpie cli plugins` (`httpie plugins` continues to work as a hidden alias). ([#1320](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1320))
+- Soft deprecated the `--history-print`. ([#1380](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/pull/1380))
+
+## [3.1.0](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/3.0.2...3.1.0) (2022-03-08)
+
+- **SECURITY** Fixed the [vulnerability](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/security/advisories/GHSA-9w4w-cpc8-h2fq) that caused exposure of cookies on redirects to third party hosts. ([#1312](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/pull/1312))
+- Fixed escaping of integer indexes with multiple backslashes in the nested JSON builder. ([#1285](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1285))
+- Fixed displaying of status code without a status message on non-`auto` themes. ([#1300](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1300))
+- Fixed redundant issuance of stdin detection warnings on some rare cases due to underlying implementation. ([#1303](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/pull/1303))
+- Fixed double `--quiet` so that it will now suppress all python level warnings. ([#1271](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1271))
+- Added support for specifying certificate private key passphrases through `--cert-key-pass` and prompts. ([#946](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/946))
+- Added `httpie cli export-args` command for exposing the parser specification for the `http`/`https` commands. ([#1293](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/pull/1293))
+- Improved regulation of top-level arrays. ([#1292](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/commit/225dccb2186f14f871695b6c4e0bfbcdb2e3aa28))
+- Improved UI layout for standalone invocations. ([#1296](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/pull/1296))
+
+## [3.0.2](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/3.0.1...3.0.2) (2022-01-24)
+
+[What’s new in HTTPie for Terminal 3.0 →](https://httpie.io/blog/httpie-3.0.0)
+
+- Fixed usage of `httpie` when there is a presence of a config with `default_options`. ([#1280](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/pull/1280))
+
+## [3.0.1](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/3.0.0...3.0.1) (2022-01-23)
+
+[What’s new in HTTPie for Terminal 3.0 →](https://httpie.io/blog/httpie-3.0.0)
+
+- Changed the value shown as time elapsed from time-to-read-headers to total exchange time. ([#1277](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1277))
+
+## [3.0.0](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/2.6.0...3.0.0) (2022-01-21)
+
+[What’s new in HTTPie for Terminal 3.0 →](https://httpie.io/blog/httpie-3.0.0)
+
+- Dropped support for Python 3.6. ([#1177](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1177))
+- Improved startup time by 40%. ([#1211](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/pull/1211))
+- Added support for nested JSON syntax. ([#1169](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1169))
+- Added `httpie plugins` interface for plugin management. ([#566](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/566))
+- Added support for Bearer authentication via `--auth-type=bearer` ([#1215](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1215)).
+- Added support for quick conversions of pasted URLs into HTTPie calls by adding a space after the protocol name (`$ https ://pie.dev` → `https://pie.dev`). ([#1195](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1195))
+- Added support for _sending_ multiple HTTP header lines with the same name. ([#130](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/130))
+- Added support for _receiving_ multiple HTTP headers lines with the same name. ([#1207](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1207))
+- Added support for basic JSON types on `--form`/`--multipart` when using JSON only operators (`:=`/`:=@`). ([#1212](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1212))
+- Added support for automatically enabling `--stream` when `Content-Type` is `text/event-stream`. ([#376](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/376))
+- Added support for displaying the total elapsed time through `--meta`/`-vv` or `--print=m`. ([#243](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/243))
+- Added new `pie-dark`/`pie-light` (and `pie`) styles that match with [HTTPie for Web and Desktop](https://httpie.io/product). ([#1237](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1237))
+- Added support for better error handling on DNS failures. ([#1248](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1248))
+- Added support for storing prompted passwords in the local sessions. ([#1098](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1098))
+- Added warnings about the `--ignore-stdin`, when there is no incoming data from stdin. ([#1255](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1255))
+- Fixed crashing due to broken plugins. ([#1204](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1204))
+- Fixed auto addition of XML declaration to every formatted XML response. ([#1156](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1156))
+- Fixed highlighting when `Content-Type` specifies `charset`. ([#1242](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1242))
+- Fixed an unexpected crash when `--raw` is used with `--chunked`. ([#1253](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1253))
+- Changed the default Windows theme from `fruity` to `auto`. ([#1266](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1266))
+
+## [2.6.0](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/2.5.0...2.6.0) (2021-10-14)
+
+[What’s new in HTTPie for Terminal 2.6.0 →](https://httpie.io/blog/httpie-2.6.0)
+
+- Added support for formatting & coloring of JSON bodies preceded by non-JSON data (e.g., an XXSI prefix). ([#1130](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1130))
+- Added charset auto-detection when `Content-Type` doesn’t include it. ([#1110](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1110), [#1168](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1168))
+- Added `--response-charset` to allow overriding the response encoding for terminal display purposes. ([#1168](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1168))
+- Added `--response-mime` to allow overriding the response mime type for coloring and formatting for the terminal. ([#1168](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1168))
+- Added the ability to silence warnings through using `-q` or `--quiet` twice (e.g. `-qq`) ([#1175](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1175))
+- Added installed plugin list to `--debug` output. ([#1165](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1165))
+- Fixed duplicate keys preservation in JSON data. ([#1163](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1163))
+
+## [2.5.0](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/2.4.0...2.5.0) (2021-09-06)
+
+[What’s new in HTTPie for Terminal 2.5.0 →](https://httpie.io/blog/httpie-2.5.0)
+
+- Added `--raw` to allow specifying the raw request body without extra processing as
+  an alternative to `stdin`. ([#534](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/534))
+- Added support for XML formatting. ([#1129](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1129))
+- Added internal support for file-like object responses to improve adapter plugin support. ([#1094](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1094))
+- Fixed `--continue --download` with a single byte to be downloaded left. ([#1032](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1032))
+- Fixed `--verbose` HTTP 307 redirects with streamed request body. ([#1088](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1088))
+- Fixed handling of session files with `Cookie:` followed by other headers. ([#1126](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1126))
+
+## [2.4.0](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/2.3.0...2.4.0) (2021-02-06)
+
+- Added support for `--session` cookie expiration based on `Set-Cookie: max-age=<n>`. ([#1029](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1029))
+- Show a `--check-status` warning with `--quiet` as well, not only when the output is redirected. ([#1026](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1026))
+- Fixed upload with `--session` ([#1020](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1020)).
+- Fixed a missing blank line between request and response ([#1006](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/1006)).
+
+## [2.3.0](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/2.2.0...2.3.0) (2020-10-25)
+
+- Added support for streamed uploads ([#201](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/201)).
+- Added support for multipart upload streaming ([#684](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/684)).
+- Added support for body-from-file upload streaming (`http pie.dev/post @file`).
+- Added `--chunked` to enable chunked transfer encoding ([#753](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/753)).
+- Added `--multipart` to allow `multipart/form-data` encoding for non-file `--form` requests as well.
+- Added support for preserving field order in multipart requests ([#903](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/903)).
+- Added `--boundary` to allow a custom boundary string for `multipart/form-data` requests.
+- Added support for combining cookies specified on the CLI and in a session file ([#932](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/932)).
+- Added out of the box SOCKS support with no extra installation ([#904](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/904)).
+- Added `--quiet, -q` flag to enforce silent behaviour.
+- Fixed the handling of invalid `expires` dates in `Set-Cookie` headers ([#963](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/963)).
+- Removed Tox testing entirely ([#943](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/943)).
+
+## [2.2.0](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/2.1.0...2.2.0) (2020-06-18)
+
+- Added support for custom content types for uploaded files ([#668](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/668)).
+- Added support for `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME` ([#920](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/920)).
+- Added support for `Set-Cookie`-triggered cookie expiration ([#853](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/853)).
+- Added `--format-options` to allow disabling sorting, etc. ([#128](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/128))
+- Added `--sorted` and `--unsorted` shortcuts for (un)setting all sorting-related `--format-options`. ([#128](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/128))
+- Added `--ciphers` to allow configuring OpenSSL ciphers ([#870](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/870)).
+- Added `netrc` support for auth plugins. Enabled for `--auth-type=basic`
+  and `digest`, 3rd parties may opt in ([#718](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/718), [#719](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/719), [#852](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/852), [#934](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/934)).
+- Fixed built-in plugins-related circular imports ([#925](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/925)).
+
+## [2.1.0](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/2.0.0...2.1.0) (2020-04-18)
+
+- Added `--path-as-is` to bypass dot segment (`/../` or `/./`)
+  URL squashing ([#895](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/895)).
+- Changed the default `Accept` header value for JSON requests from
+  `application/json, */*` to `application/json, */*;q=0.5`
+  to clearly indicate preference ([#488](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/488)).
+- Fixed `--form` file upload mixed with redirected `stdin` error handling
+  ([#840](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/840)).
+
+## [2.0.0](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/1.0.3...2.0.0) (2020-01-12)
+
+- Removed Python 2.7 support ([EOL Jan 2020](https://www.python.org/doc/sunset-python-2/).
+- Added `--offline` to allow building an HTTP request and printing it but not
+  actually sending it over the network.
+- Replaced the old collect-all-then-process handling of HTTP communication
+  with one-by-one processing of each HTTP request or response as they become
+  available. This means that you can see headers immediately,
+  see what is being sent even if the request fails, etc.
+- Removed automatic config file creation to avoid concurrency issues.
+- Removed the default 30-second connection `--timeout` limit.
+- Removed Python’s default limit of 100 response headers.
+- Added `--max-headers` to allow setting the max header limit.
+- Added `--compress` to allow request body compression.
+- Added `--ignore-netrc` to allow bypassing credentials from `.netrc`.
+- Added `https` alias command with `https://` as the default scheme.
+- Added `$ALL_PROXY` documentation.
+- Added type annotations throughout the codebase.
+- Added `tests/` to the PyPi package for the convenience of
+  downstream package maintainers.
+- Fixed an error when `stdin` was a closed fd.
+- Improved `--debug` output formatting.
+
+## [1.0.3](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/1.0.2...1.0.3) (2019-08-26)
+
+- Fixed CVE-2019-10751 — the way the output filename is generated for
+  `--download` requests without `--output` resulting in a redirect has
+  been changed to only consider the initial URL as the base for the generated
+  filename, and not the final one. This fixes a potential security issue under
+  the following scenario:
+
+  1. A `--download` request with no explicit `--output` is made (e.g.,
+     `$ http -d example.org/file.txt`), instructing httpie to
+     [generate the output filename](https://httpie.org/doc#downloaded-filename)
+     from the `Content-Disposition` response header, or from the URL if the header
+     is not provided.
+  2. The server handling the request has been modified by an attacker and
+     instead of the expected response the URL returns a redirect to another
+     URL, e.g., `attacker.example.org/.bash_profile`, whose response does
+     not provide  a `Content-Disposition` header (i.e., the base for the
+     generated filename becomes `.bash_profile` instead of `file.txt`).
+  3. Your current directory doesn’t already contain `.bash_profile`
+     (i.e., no unique suffix is added to the generated filename).
+  4. You don’t notice the potentially unexpected output filename
+     as reported by httpie in the console output
+     (e.g., `Downloading 100.00 B to ".bash_profile"`).
+
+  Reported by Raul Onitza and Giulio Comi.
+
+## [1.0.2](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/1.0.1...1.0.2) (2018-11-14)
+
+- Fixed tests for installation with pyOpenSSL.
+
+## [1.0.1](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/1.0.0...1.0.1) (2018-11-14)
+
+- Removed external URL calls from tests.
+
+## [1.0.0](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.9.9...1.0.0) (2018-11-02)
+
+- Added `--style=auto` which follows the terminal ANSI color styles.
+- Added support for selecting TLS 1.3 via `--ssl=tls1.3`
+  (available once implemented in upstream libraries).
+- Added `true`/`false` as valid values for `--verify`
+  (in addition to `yes`/`no`) and the boolean value is case-insensitive.
+- Changed the default `--style` from `solarized` to `auto` (on Windows it stays `fruity`).
+- Fixed default headers being incorrectly case-sensitive.
+- Removed Python 2.6 support.
+
+## [0.9.9](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.9.8...0.9.9) (2016-12-08)
+
+- Fixed README.
+
+## [0.9.8](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.9.6...0.9.8) (2016-12-08)
+
+- Extended auth plugin API.
+- Added exit status code `7` for plugin errors.
+- Added support for `curses`-less Python installations.
+- Fixed `REQUEST_ITEM` arg incorrectly being reported as required.
+- Improved `CTRL-C` interrupt handling.
+- Added the standard exit status code `130` for keyboard interrupts.
+
+## [0.9.6](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.9.4...0.9.6) (2016-08-13)
+
+- Added Python 3 as a dependency for Homebrew installations
+  to ensure some of the newer HTTP features work out of the box
+  for macOS users (starting with HTTPie 0.9.4.).
+- Added the ability to unset a request header with `Header:`, and send an
+  empty value with `Header;`.
+- Added `--default-scheme <URL_SCHEME>` to enable things like
+  `$ alias https='http --default-scheme=https`.
+- Added `-I` as a shortcut for `--ignore-stdin`.
+- Added fish shell completion (located in `extras/httpie-completion.fish`
+  in the GitHub repo).
+- Updated `requests` to 2.10.0 so that SOCKS support can be added via
+  `pip install requests[socks]`.
+- Changed the default JSON `Accept` header from `application/json`
+  to `application/json, */*`.
+- Changed the pre-processing of request HTTP headers so that any leading
+  and trailing whitespace is removed.
+
+## [0.9.4](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.9.3...0.9.4) (2016-07-01)
+
+- Added `Content-Type` of files uploaded in `multipart/form-data` requests
+- Added `--ssl=<PROTOCOL>` to specify the desired SSL/TLS protocol version
+  to use for HTTPS requests.
+- Added JSON detection with `--json, -j` to work around incorrect
+  `Content-Type`
+- Added `--all` to show intermediate responses such as redirects (with `--follow`)
+- Added `--history-print, -P WHAT` to specify formatting of intermediate responses
+- Added `--max-redirects=N` (default 30)
+- Added `-A` as short name for `--auth-type`
+- Added `-F` as short name for `--follow`
+- Removed the `implicit_content_type` config option
+  (use `"default_options": ["--form"]` instead)
+- Redirected `stdout` doesn't trigger an error anymore when `--output FILE`
+  is set
+- Changed the default `--style` back to `solarized` for better support
+  of light and dark terminals
+- Improved `--debug` output
+- Fixed `--session` when used with `--download`
+- Fixed `--download` to trim too long filenames before saving the file
+- Fixed the handling of `Content-Type` with multiple `+subtype` parts
+- Removed the XML formatter as the implementation suffered from multiple issues
+
+## [0.9.3](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.9.2...0.9.3) (2016-01-01)
+
+- Changed the default color `--style` from `solarized` to `monokai`
+- Added basic Bash autocomplete support (need to be installed manually)
+- Added request details to connection error messages
+- Fixed `'requests.packages.urllib3' has no attribute 'disable_warnings'`
+  errors that occurred in some installations
+- Fixed colors and formatting on Windows
+- Fixed `--auth` prompt on Windows
+
+## [0.9.2](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.9.1...0.9.2) (2015-02-24)
+
+- Fixed compatibility with Requests 2.5.1
+- Changed the default JSON `Content-Type` to `application/json` as UTF-8
+  is the default JSON encoding
+
+## [0.9.1](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.9.0...0.9.1) (2015-02-07)
+
+- Added support for Requests transport adapter plugins
+  (see [httpie-unixsocket](https://github.com/httpie/httpie-unixsocket)
+  and [httpie-http2](https://github.com/httpie/httpie-http2))
+
+## [0.9.0](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.8.0...0.9.0) (2015-01-31)
+
+- Added `--cert` and `--cert-key` parameters to specify a client side
+  certificate and private key for SSL
+- Improved unicode support
+- Improved terminal color depth detection via `curses`
+- To make it easier to deal with Windows paths in request items, `\`
+  now only escapes special characters (the ones that are used as key-value
+  separators by HTTPie)
+- Switched from `unittest` to `pytest`
+- Added Python `wheel` support
+- Various test suite improvements
+- Added `CONTRIBUTING`
+- Fixed `User-Agent` overwriting when used within a session
+- Fixed handling of empty passwords in URL credentials
+- Fixed multiple file uploads with the same form field name
+- Fixed `--output=/dev/null` on Linux
+- Miscellaneous bugfixes
+
+## [0.8.0](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.7.1...0.8.0) (2014-01-25)
+
+- Added `field=@file.txt` and `field:=@file.json` for embedding
+  the contents of text and JSON files into request data
+- Added curl-style shorthand for localhost
+- Fixed request `Host` header value output so that it doesn't contain
+  credentials, if included in the URL
+
+## [0.7.1](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.6.0...0.7.1) (2013-09-24)
+
+- Added `--ignore-stdin`
+- Added support for auth plugins
+- Improved `--help` output
+- Improved `Content-Disposition` parsing for `--download` mode
+- Update to Requests 2.0.0
+
+## [0.6.0](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.5.1...0.6.0) (2013-06-03)
+
+- XML data is now formatted
+- `--session` and `--session-read-only` now also accept paths to
+  session files (eg. `http --session=/tmp/session.json example.org`)
+
+## [0.5.1](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.5.0...0.5.1) (2013-05-13)
+
+- `Content-*` and `If-*` request headers are not stored in sessions
+  anymore as they are request-specific
+
+## [0.5.0](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.4.1...0.5.0) (2013-04-27)
+
+- Added a download mode via `--download`
+- Fixes miscellaneous bugs
+
+## [0.4.1](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.4.0...0.4.1) (2013-02-26)
+
+- Fixed `setup.py`
+
+## [0.4.0](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.3.0...0.4.0) (2013-02-22)
+
+- Added Python 3.3 compatibility
+- Added Requests >= v1.0.4 compatibility
+- Added support for credentials in URL
+- Added `--no-option` for every `--option` to be config-friendly
+- Mutually exclusive arguments can be specified multiple times. The
+  last value is used
+
+## [0.3.0](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.2.7...0.3.0) (2012-09-21)
+
+- Allow output redirection on Windows
+- Added configuration file
+- Added persistent session support
+- Renamed `--allow-redirects` to `--follow`
+- Improved the usability of `http --help`
+- Fixed installation on Windows with Python 3
+- Fixed colorized output on Windows with Python 3
+- CRLF HTTP header field separation in the output
+- Added exit status code `2` for timed-out requests
+- Added the option to separate colorizing and formatting
+  (`--pretty=all`, `--pretty=colors` and `--pretty=format`)
+  `--ugly` has bee removed in favor of `--pretty=none`
+
+## [0.2.7](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.2.5...0.2.7) (2012-08-07)
+
+- Added compatibility with Requests 0.13.6
+- Added streamed terminal output. `--stream, -S` can be used to enable
+  streaming also with `--pretty` and to ensure a more frequent output
+  flushing
+- Added support for efficient large file downloads
+- Sort headers by name (unless `--pretty=none`)
+- Response body is fetched only when needed (e.g., not with `--headers`)
+- Improved content type matching
+- Updated Solarized color scheme
+- Windows: Added `--output FILE` to store output into a file
+  (piping results in corrupted data on Windows)
+- Proper handling of binary requests and responses
+- Fixed printing of `multipart/form-data` requests
+- Renamed `--traceback` to `--debug`
+
+## [0.2.6](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.2.5...0.2.6) (2012-07-26)
+
+- The short option for `--headers` is now `-h` (`-t` has been
+  removed, for usage use `--help`)
+- Form data and URL parameters can have multiple fields with the same name
+  (e.g.,`http -f url a=1 a=2`)
+- Added `--check-status` to exit with an error on HTTP 3xx, 4xx and
+  5xx (3, 4, and 5, respectively)
+- If the output is piped to another program or redirected to a file,
+  the default behaviour is to only print the response body
+  (It can still be overwritten via the `--print` flag.)
+- Improved highlighting of HTTP headers
+- Added query string parameters (`param==value`)
+- Added support for terminal colors under Windows
+
+## [0.2.5](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.2.2...0.2.5) (2012-07-17)
+
+- Unicode characters in prettified JSON now don't get escaped for
+  improved readability
+- --auth now prompts for a password if only a username provided
+- Added support for request payloads from a file path with automatic
+  `Content-Type` (`http URL @/path`)
+- Fixed missing query string when displaying the request headers via
+  `--verbose`
+- Fixed Content-Type for requests with no data
+
+## [0.2.2](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.2.1...0.2.2) (2012-06-24)
+
+- The `METHOD` positional argument can now be omitted (defaults to
+  `GET`, or to `POST` with data)
+- Fixed --verbose --form
+- Added support for Tox
+
+## [0.2.1](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.2.0...0.2.1) (2012-06-13)
+
+- Added compatibility with `requests-0.12.1`
+- Dropped custom JSON and HTTP lexers in favor of the ones newly included
+  in `pygments-1.5`
+
+## [0.2.0](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.1.6...0.2.0) (2012-04-25)
+
+- Added Python 3 support
+- Added the ability to print the HTTP request as well as the response
+  (see `--print` and `--verbose`)
+- Added support for Digest authentication
+- Added file upload support
+  (`http -f POST file_field_name@/path/to/file`)
+- Improved syntax highlighting for JSON
+- Added support for field name escaping
+- Many bug fixes
+
+## [0.1.6](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.1.5...0.1.6) (2012-03-04)
+
+- Fixed `setup.py`
+
+## [0.1.5](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/0.1.4...0.1.5) (2012-03-04)
+
+- Many improvements and bug fixes
+
+## [0.1.4](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/compare/b966efa...0.1.4) (2012-02-28)
+
+- Many improvements and bug fixes
+
+## [0.1.0](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/commit/b966efa) (2012-02-25)
+
+- Initial public release

CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+# Contributor Covenant Code of Conduct
+
+## Our Pledge
+
+In the interest of fostering an open and welcoming environment, we as
+contributors and maintainers pledge to making participation in our project and
+our community a harassment-free experience for everyone, regardless of age, body
+size, disability, ethnicity, sex characteristics, gender identity and expression,
+level of experience, education, socio-economic status, nationality, personal
+appearance, race, religion, or sexual identity and orientation.
+
+## Our Standards
+
+Examples of behavior that contributes to creating a positive environment
+include:
+
+- Using welcoming and inclusive language
+- Being respectful of differing viewpoints and experiences
+- Gracefully accepting constructive criticism
+- Focusing on what is best for the community
+- Showing empathy towards other community members
+
+Examples of unacceptable behavior by participants include:
+
+- The use of sexualized language or imagery and unwelcome sexual attention or
+  advances
+- Trolling, insulting/derogatory comments, and personal or political attacks
+- Public or private harassment
+- Publishing others' private information, such as a physical or electronic
+  address, without explicit permission
+- Other conduct which could reasonably be considered inappropriate in a
+  professional setting
+
+## Our Responsibilities
+
+Project maintainers are responsible for clarifying the standards of acceptable
+behavior and are expected to take appropriate and fair corrective action in
+response to any instances of unacceptable behavior.
+
+Project maintainers have the right and responsibility to remove, edit, or
+reject comments, commits, code, wiki edits, issues, and other contributions
+that are not aligned to this Code of Conduct, or to ban temporarily or
+permanently any contributor for other behaviors that they deem inappropriate,
+threatening, offensive, or harmful.
+
+## Scope
+
+This Code of Conduct applies both within project spaces and in public spaces
+when an individual is representing the project or its community. Examples of
+representing a project or community include using an official project e-mail
+address, posting via an official social media account, or acting as an appointed
+representative at an online or offline event. Representation of a project may be
+further defined and clarified by project maintainers.
+
+## Enforcement
+
+Instances of abusive, harassing, or otherwise unacceptable behavior may be
+reported by contacting the project team at jakub@roztocil.co. All
+complaints will be reviewed and investigated and will result in a response that
+is deemed necessary and appropriate to the circumstances. The project team is
+obligated to maintain confidentiality with regard to the reporter of an incident.
+Further details of specific enforcement policies may be posted separately.
+
+Project maintainers who do not follow or enforce the Code of Conduct in good
+faith may face temporary or permanent repercussions as determined by other
+members of the project's leadership.
+
+## Attribution
+
+This Code of Conduct is adapted from the [Contributor Covenant](https://www.contributor-covenant.org),
+version 1.4, available at <https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/1/4/code-of-conduct.html>
+
+For answers to common questions about this code of conduct, see
+<https://www.contributor-covenant.org/faq>

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+# Contributing to HTTPie
+
+Bug reports and code and documentation patches are welcome. You can
+help this project also by using the development version of HTTPie
+and by reporting any bugs you might encounter.
+
+## 1. Reporting bugs
+
+**It's important that you provide the full command argument list
+as well as the output of the failing command.**
+
+Use the `--debug` flag and copy&paste both the command and its output
+to your bug report, e.g.:
+
+```bash
+$ http --debug <COMPLETE ARGUMENT LIST THAT TRIGGERS THE ERROR>
+<COMPLETE OUTPUT>
+```
+
+## 2. Contributing Code and Docs
+
+Before working on a new feature or a bug, please browse [existing issues](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues)
+to see whether it has previously been discussed.
+
+If your change alters HTTPie’s behaviour or interface, it's a good idea to
+discuss it before you start working on it.
+
+If you are fixing an issue, the first step should be to create a test case that
+reproduces the incorrect behaviour. That will also help you to build an
+understanding of the issue at hand.
+
+**Pull requests introducing code changes without tests
+will generally not get merged. The same goes for PRs changing HTTPie’s
+behaviour and not providing documentation.**
+
+Conversely, PRs consisting of documentation improvements or tests
+for existing-yet-previously-untested behavior will very likely be merged.
+Therefore, docs and tests improvements are a great candidate for your first
+contribution.
+
+Consider also adding a [CHANGELOG](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md) entry for your changes.
+
+### Development Environment
+
+#### Getting the code
+
+Go to <https://github.com/httpie/httpie> and fork the project repository.
+
+```bash
+# Clone your fork
+$ git clone git@github.com:<YOU>/httpie.git
+
+# Enter the project directory
+$ cd httpie
+
+# Create a branch for your changes
+$ git checkout -b my_topical_branch
+```
+
+#### Setup
+
+The [Makefile](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/blob/master/Makefile) contains a bunch of tasks to get you started.
+You can run `$ make` to see all the available tasks.
+
+To get started, run the command below, which:
+
+- Creates an isolated Python virtual environment inside `./venv`
+  (via the standard library [venv](https://docs.python.org/3/library/venv.html) tool);
+- installs all dependencies and also installs HTTPie
+  (in editable mode so that the `http` command will point to your
+  working copy).
+- and runs tests (It is the same as running `make install test`).
+
+```bash
+$ make all
+```
+
+#### Python virtual environment
+
+Activate the Python virtual environment—created via the `make install`
+task during [setup](#setup) for your active shell session using the following command:
+
+```bash
+$ source venv/bin/activate
+```
+
+(If you use `virtualenvwrapper`, you can also use `workon httpie` to
+activate the environment — we have created a symlink for you. It’s a bit of
+a hack but it works™.)
+
+You should now see `(httpie)` next to your shell prompt, and
+the `http` command should point to your development copy:
+
+```bash
+(httpie) ~/Code/httpie $ which http
+/Users/<user>/Code/httpie/venv/bin/http
+(httpie) ~/Code/httpie $ http --version
+2.0.0-dev
+```
+
+(Btw, you don’t need to activate the virtual environment if you just want
+run some of the `make` tasks. You can also invoke the development
+version of HTTPie directly with `./venv/bin/http` without having to activate
+the environment first. The same goes for `./venv/bin/pytest`, etc.).
+
+### Making Changes
+
+Please make sure your changes conform to [Style Guide for Python Code](https://python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/) (PEP8)
+and that `make pycodestyle` passes.
+
+### Testing & CI
+
+Please add tests for any new features and bug fixes.
+
+When you open a Pull Request, [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/actions) will automatically run HTTPie’s [test suite](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/tree/master/tests) against your code, so please make sure all checks pass.
+
+#### Running tests locally
+
+HTTPie uses the [pytest](https://pytest.org/) runner.
+
+```bash
+# Run tests on the current Python interpreter with coverage.
+$ make test
+
+# Run tests with coverage
+$ make test-cover
+
+# Test PEP8 compliance
+$ make codestyle
+
+# Run extended tests — for code as well as .md files syntax, packaging, etc.
+$ make test-all
+```
+
+#### Running specific tests
+
+After you have activated your virtual environment (see [setup](#setup)), you
+can run specific tests from the terminal:
+
+```bash
+# Run specific tests on the current Python
+$ python -m pytest tests/test_uploads.py
+$ python -m pytest tests/test_uploads.py::TestMultipartFormDataFileUpload
+$ python -m pytest tests/test_uploads.py::TestMultipartFormDataFileUpload::test_upload_ok
+```
+
+See [Makefile](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/blob/master/Makefile) for additional development utilities.
+
+#### Running benchmarks
+
+If you are trying to work on speeding up HTTPie and want to verify your results, you
+can run the benchmark suite. The suite will compare the last commit of your branch
+with the master branch of your repository (or a fresh checkout of HTTPie master, through
+`--fresh`) and report the results back.
+
+```bash
+$ python extras/benchmarks/run.py
+```
+
+The benchmarks can also be run on the CI. Since it is a long process, it requires manual
+oversight. Ping one of the maintainers to get a `benchmark` label on your branch.
+
+#### Windows
+
+If you are on a Windows machine and not able to run `make`,
+follow the next steps for a basic setup. As a prerequisite, you need to have
+Python 3.7+ installed.
+
+Create a virtual environment and activate it:
+
+```powershell
+C:\> python -m venv --prompt httpie venv
+C:\> venv\Scripts\activate
+```
+
+Install HTTPie in editable mode with all the dependencies:
+
+```powershell
+C:\> python -m pip install --upgrade -e .[dev]
+```
+
+You should now see `(httpie)` next to your shell prompt, and
+the `http` command should point to your development copy:
+
+```powershell
+# In PowerShell:
+(httpie) PS C:\Users\<user>\httpie> Get-Command http
+CommandType     Name                                               Version    Source
+-----------     ----                                               -------    ------
+Application     http.exe                                           0.0.0.0    C:\Users\<user>\httpie\venv\Scripts\http.exe
+```
+
+```bash
+# In CMD:
+(httpie) C:\Users\<user>\httpie> where http
+C:\Users\<user>\httpie\venv\Scripts\http.exe
+C:\Users\<user>\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\Scripts\http.exe
+
+(httpie) C:\Users\<user>\httpie> http --version
+2.3.0-dev
+```
+
+Use `pytest` to run tests locally with an active virtual environment:
+
+```bash
+# Run all tests
+$ python -m pytest
+```
+
+______________________________________________________________________
+
+Finally, feel free to add yourself to [AUTHORS](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/blob/master/AUTHORS.md)!

LICENSE

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Copyright © 2012 Jakub Roztocil <jakub@roztocil.name>
+Copyright © 2012-2022 Jakub Roztocil <jakub@roztocil.co>
 
 Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
@@ -10,14 +10,14 @@ modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
        notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
        documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 
-    3. Neither the name of The author nor the names of its contributors may
-       be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+    3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors
+       may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
        without specific prior written permission.
 
-THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
 ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
-DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
 ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
 LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON

MANIFEST.in

@@ -1 +1,8 @@
-include README.rst LICENSE
+include LICENSE
+include README.md
+include CHANGELOG.md
+include AUTHORS.md
+include docs/README.md
+
+# <https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/182>
+recursive-include tests/ *

Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+###############################################################################
+# See ./CONTRIBUTING.md
+###############################################################################
+
+.PHONY: build
+
+ROOT_DIR:=$(shell dirname $(realpath $(firstword $(MAKEFILE_LIST))))
+VERSION=$(shell grep __version__ httpie/__init__.py)
+H1="\n\n\033[0;32m\#\#\# "
+H1END=" \#\#\# \033[0m\n"
+
+
+# Only used to create our venv.
+SYSTEM_PYTHON=python3
+
+VENV_ROOT=venv
+VENV_BIN=$(VENV_ROOT)/bin
+VENV_PIP=$(VENV_BIN)/pip3
+VENV_PYTHON=$(VENV_BIN)/python
+
+
+export PATH := $(VENV_BIN):$(PATH)
+
+
+
+default: list-tasks
+
+
+###############################################################################
+# Default task to get a list of tasks when `make' is run without args.
+# <https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4219255>
+###############################################################################
+
+list-tasks:
+	@echo Available tasks:
+	@echo ----------------
+	@$(MAKE) -pRrq -f $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST)) : 2>/dev/null | awk -v RS= -F: '/^# File/,/^# Finished Make data base/ {if ($$1 !~ "^[#.]") {print $$1}}' | sort | egrep -v -e '^[^[:alnum:]]' -e '^$@$$'
+	@echo
+
+
+###############################################################################
+# Installation
+###############################################################################
+
+all: uninstall-httpie install test
+
+
+install: venv install-reqs
+
+
+install-reqs:
+	@echo $(H1)Updating package tools$(H1END)
+	$(VENV_PIP) install --upgrade pip wheel build
+
+	@echo $(H1)Installing dev requirements$(H1END)
+	$(VENV_PIP) install --upgrade '.[dev]' '.[test]'
+
+	@echo $(H1)Installing HTTPie$(H1END)
+	$(VENV_PIP) install --upgrade --editable .
+
+	@echo
+
+
+clean:
+	@echo $(H1)Cleaning up$(H1END)
+	rm -rf $(VENV_ROOT)
+	# Remove symlink for virtualenvwrapper, if we’ve created one.
+	[ -n "$(WORKON_HOME)" -a -L "$(WORKON_HOME)/httpie" -a -f "$(WORKON_HOME)/httpie" ] && rm $(WORKON_HOME)/httpie || true
+	rm -rf *.egg dist build .coverage .cache .pytest_cache httpie.egg-info
+	find . -name '__pycache__' -delete -o -name '*.pyc' -delete
+	@echo
+
+
+venv:
+	@echo $(H1)Creating a Python environment $(VENV_ROOT) $(H1END)
+
+	$(SYSTEM_PYTHON) -m venv --prompt httpie $(VENV_ROOT)
+
+	@echo
+	@echo done.
+	@echo
+	@echo To active it manually, run:
+	@echo
+	@echo "    source $(VENV_BIN)/activate"
+	@echo
+	@echo '(learn more: https://docs.python.org/3/library/venv.html)'
+	@echo
+	@if [ -n "$(WORKON_HOME)" ]; then \
+		echo $(ROOT_DIR) >  $(VENV_ROOT)/.project; \
+		if [ ! -d $(WORKON_HOME)/httpie -a ! -L $(WORKON_HOME)/httpie ]; then \
+			ln -s $(ROOT_DIR)/$(VENV_ROOT) $(WORKON_HOME)/httpie ; \
+			echo ''; \
+			echo 'Since you use virtualenvwrapper, we created a symlink'; \
+			echo 'so you can also use "workon httpie" to activate the venv.'; \
+			echo ''; \
+		fi; \
+	fi
+
+
+###############################################################################
+# Testing
+###############################################################################
+
+
+test:
+	@echo $(H1)Running tests$(HEADER_EXTRA)$(H1END)
+	$(VENV_BIN)/python -m pytest $(COV)
+	@echo
+
+
+test-cover: COV=--cov=httpie --cov=tests
+test-cover: HEADER_EXTRA=' (with coverage)'
+test-cover: test
+
+
+# test-all is meant to test everything — even this Makefile
+test-all: clean install test test-dist codestyle
+	@echo
+
+
+test-dist: test-sdist test-bdist-wheel
+	@echo
+
+
+test-sdist: clean venv
+	@echo $(H1)Testing sdist build an installation$(H1END)
+	$(VENV_PYTHON) setup.py sdist
+	$(VENV_PIP) install --force-reinstall --upgrade dist/*.gz
+	$(VENV_BIN)/http --version
+	@echo
+
+
+test-bdist-wheel: clean venv
+	@echo $(H1)Testing wheel build an installation$(H1END)
+	$(VENV_PIP) install wheel
+	$(VENV_PYTHON) setup.py bdist_wheel
+	$(VENV_PIP) install --force-reinstall --upgrade dist/*.whl
+	$(VENV_BIN)/http --version
+	@echo
+
+
+twine-check:
+	twine check dist/*
+
+
+# Kept for convenience, "make codestyle" is preferred though
+pycodestyle: codestyle
+
+
+codestyle:
+	@echo $(H1)Running flake8$(H1END)
+	@[ -f $(VENV_BIN)/flake8 ] || $(VENV_PIP) install --upgrade --editable '.[dev]'
+	$(VENV_BIN)/flake8 httpie/ tests/ extras/profiling/ docs/packaging/brew/ *.py
+	@echo
+
+
+codecov-upload:
+	@echo $(H1)Running codecov$(H1END)
+	@[ -f $(VENV_BIN)/codecov ] || $(VENV_PIP) install codecov
+	# $(VENV_BIN)/codecov --required
+	$(VENV_BIN)/codecov
+	@echo
+
+
+doc-check:
+	@echo $(H1)Running documentations checks$(H1END)
+	mdl --git-recurse --style docs/markdownlint.rb .
+
+
+###############################################################################
+# Publishing to PyPi
+###############################################################################
+
+
+build:
+	rm -rf build/ dist/
+	mv httpie/internal/__build_channel__.py httpie/internal/__build_channel__.py.original
+	echo 'BUILD_CHANNEL = "pip"' > httpie/internal/__build_channel__.py
+	$(VENV_PYTHON) -m build --sdist --wheel --outdir dist/
+	mv httpie/internal/__build_channel__.py.original httpie/internal/__build_channel__.py
+
+
+publish: test-all publish-no-test
+
+
+publish-no-test:
+	@echo $(H1)Testing wheel build an installation$(H1END)
+	@echo "$(VERSION)"
+	@echo "$(VERSION)" | grep -q "dev" && echo '!!!Not publishing dev version!!!' && exit 1 || echo ok
+	make build
+	make twine-check
+	$(VENV_BIN)/twine upload --repository=httpie dist/*
+	@echo
+
+
+
+###############################################################################
+# Uninstalling
+###############################################################################
+
+uninstall-httpie:
+	@echo $(H1)Uninstalling httpie$(H1END)
+	- $(VENV_PIP) uninstall --yes httpie &2>/dev/null
+
+	@echo "Verifying…"
+	cd .. && ! $(VENV_PYTHON) -m httpie --version &2>/dev/null
+
+	@echo "Done"
+	@echo
+
+
+###############################################################################
+# Homebrew
+###############################################################################
+
+brew-deps:
+	docs/packaging/brew/brew-deps.py
+
+brew-test:
+	@echo $(H1)Uninstalling httpie$(H1END)
+	- brew uninstall httpie
+
+	@echo $(H1)Building from source…$(H1END)
+	- brew install --HEAD --build-from-source ./docs/packaging/brew/httpie.rb
+
+	@echo $(H1)Verifying…$(H1END)
+	http --version
+	https --version
+
+	@echo $(H1)Auditing…$(H1END)
+	brew audit --strict httpie
+
+###############################################################################
+# Regeneration
+###############################################################################
+
+regen-all: regen-man-pages regen-install-methods
+
+regen-man-pages: install
+	@echo $(H1)Regenerate man pages$(H1END)
+	$(VENV_PYTHON) extras/scripts/generate_man_pages.py
+
+regen-install-methods:
+	@echo $(H1)Updating installation instructions in the docs$(H1END)
+	$(VENV_PYTHON) docs/installation/generate.py

README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+<br/>
+<a href="https://httpie.io" target="blank_">
+    <img height="100" alt="HTTPie" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/httpie/httpie/master/docs/httpie-logo.svg" />
+</a>
+<br/>
+
+# HTTPie: human-friendly CLI HTTP client for the API era
+
+HTTPie (pronounced _aitch-tee-tee-pie_) is a command-line HTTP client.
+Its goal is to make CLI interaction with web services as human-friendly as possible.
+HTTPie is designed for testing, debugging, and generally interacting with APIs & HTTP servers.
+The `http` & `https` commands allow for creating and sending arbitrary HTTP requests.
+They use simple and natural syntax and provide formatted and colorized output.
+
+[![Docs](https://img.shields.io/badge/stable%20docs-httpie.io%2Fdocs-brightgreen?style=flat&color=%2373DC8C&label=Docs)](https://httpie.org/docs)
+[![Latest version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/httpie.svg?style=flat&label=Latest&color=%234B78E6&logo=&logoColor=white)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/httpie)
+[![Build](https://img.shields.io/github/workflow/status/httpie/httpie/Build?color=%23FA9BFA&label=Build)](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/actions)
+[![Coverage](https://img.shields.io/codecov/c/github/httpie/httpie?style=flat&label=Coverage&color=%2373DC8C)](https://codecov.io/gh/httpie/httpie)
+[![Twitter](https://img.shields.io/twitter/follow/httpie?style=flat&color=%234B78E6&logoColor=%234B78E6)](https://twitter.com/httpie)
+[![Chat](https://img.shields.io/badge/chat-Discord-brightgreen?style=flat&label=Chat%20on&color=%23FA9BFA)](https://httpie.io/discord)
+
+<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/httpie/httpie/master/docs/httpie-animation.gif" alt="HTTPie in action" width="100%"/>
+
+
+## We lost 54k GitHub stars
+
+Please note we recently accidentally made this repo private for a moment, and GitHub deleted our community that took a decade to build. Read the full story here: https://httpie.io/blog/stardust
+
+![](docs/stardust.png)
+
+
+## Getting started
+
+- [Installation instructions →](https://httpie.io/docs#installation)
+- [Full documentation →](https://httpie.io/docs)
+
+## Features
+
+- Expressive and intuitive syntax
+- Formatted and colorized terminal output
+- Built-in JSON support
+- Forms and file uploads
+- HTTPS, proxies, and authentication
+- Arbitrary request data
+- Custom headers
+- Persistent sessions
+- `wget`-like downloads
+
+[See all features →](https://httpie.io/docs)
+
+## Examples
+
+Hello World:
+
+```bash
+$ https httpie.io/hello
+```
+
+Custom [HTTP method](https://httpie.io/docs#http-method), [HTTP headers](https://httpie.io/docs#http-headers) and [JSON](https://httpie.io/docs#json) data:
+
+```bash
+$ http PUT pie.dev/put X-API-Token:123 name=John
+```
+
+Build and print a request without sending it using [offline mode](https://httpie.io/docs#offline-mode):
+
+```bash
+$ http --offline pie.dev/post hello=offline
+```
+
+Use [GitHub API](https://developer.github.com/v3/issues/comments/#create-a-comment) to post a comment on an [Issue](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/83) with [authentication](https://httpie.io/docs#authentication):
+
+```bash
+$ http -a USERNAME POST https://api.github.com/repos/httpie/httpie/issues/83/comments body='HTTPie is awesome! :heart:'
+```
+
+[See more examples →](https://httpie.io/docs#examples)
+
+## Community & support
+
+- Visit the [HTTPie website](https://httpie.io) for full documentation and useful links.
+- Join our [Discord server](https://httpie.io/discord) is to ask questions, discuss features, and for general API chat.
+- Tweet at [@httpie](https://twitter.com/httpie) on Twitter.
+- Use [StackOverflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/httpie) to ask questions and include a `httpie` tag.
+- Create [GitHub Issues](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues) for bug reports and feature requests.
+- Subscribe to the [HTTPie newsletter](https://httpie.io) for occasional updates.
+
+## Contributing
+
+Have a look through existing [Issues](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues) and [Pull Requests](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/pulls) that you could help with. If you'd like to request a feature or report a bug, please [create a GitHub Issue](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues) using one of the templates provided.
+
+[See contribution guide →](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)

SECURITY.md

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Security policy
+
+## Reporting a vulnerability
+
+When you identify a vulnerability in HTTPie, please report it privately using one of the following channels:
+
+- Email to [`security@httpie.io`](mailto:security@httpie.io)
+- Report on [huntr.dev](https://huntr.dev/)
+
+In addition to the description of the vulnerability, include the following information:
+
+- A short reproducer to verify it (it can be a small HTTP server, shell script, docker image, etc.)
+- Your deemed severity level of the vulnerability (`LOW`/`MEDIUM`/`HIGH`/`CRITICAL`)
+- [CWE](https://cwe.mitre.org/) ID, if available.

docs/config.json

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "website": {
+    "master_and_released_docs_differ_after": null
+  }
+}

docs/contributors/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Here we maintain a database of contributors, from which we generate credits on release blog posts and social medias.
+
+For the HTTPie blog see: <https://httpie.io/blog>.

docs/contributors/fetch.py

@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+"""
+Generate the contributors database.
+
+FIXME: replace `requests` calls with the HTTPie API, when available.
+"""
+import json
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+from copy import deepcopy
+from datetime import datetime
+from pathlib import Path
+from subprocess import check_output
+from time import sleep
+from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, Set
+
+import requests
+
+FullNames = Set[str]
+GitHubLogins = Set[str]
+Person = Dict[str, str]
+People = Dict[str, Person]
+UserInfo = Dict[str, Any]
+
+CO_AUTHORS = re.compile(r'Co-authored-by: ([^<]+) <').finditer
+API_URL = 'https://api.github.com'
+REPO = OWNER = 'httpie'
+REPO_URL = f'{API_URL}/repos/{REPO}/{OWNER}'
+
+HERE = Path(__file__).parent
+DB_FILE = HERE / 'people.json'
+
+DEFAULT_PERSON: Person = {'committed': [], 'reported': [], 'github': '', 'twitter': ''}
+SKIPPED_LABELS = {'invalid'}
+
+GITHUB_TOKEN = os.getenv('GITHUB_TOKEN')
+assert GITHUB_TOKEN, 'GITHUB_TOKEN envar is missing'
+
+
+class FinishedForNow(Exception):
+    """Raised when remaining GitHub rate limit is zero."""
+
+
+def main(previous_release: str, current_release: str) -> int:
+    since = release_date(previous_release)
+    until = release_date(current_release)
+
+    contributors = load_awesome_people()
+    try:
+        committers = find_committers(since, until)
+        reporters = find_reporters(since, until)
+    except Exception as exc:
+        # We want to save what we fetched so far. So pass.
+        print(' !! ', exc)
+
+    try:
+        merge_all_the_people(current_release, contributors, committers, reporters)
+        fetch_missing_users_details(contributors)
+    except FinishedForNow:
+        # We want to save what we fetched so far. So pass.
+        print(' !! Committers:', committers)
+        print(' !! Reporters:', reporters)
+        exit_status = 1
+    else:
+        exit_status = 0
+
+    save_awesome_people(contributors)
+    return exit_status
+
+
+def find_committers(since: str, until: str) -> FullNames:
+    url = f'{REPO_URL}/commits'
+    page = 1
+    per_page = 100
+    params = {
+        'since': since,
+        'until': until,
+        'per_page': per_page,
+    }
+    committers: FullNames = set()
+
+    while 'there are commits':
+        params['page'] = page
+        data = fetch(url, params=params)
+
+        for item in data:
+            commit = item['commit']
+            committers.add(commit['author']['name'])
+            debug(' >>> Commit', item['html_url'])
+            for co_author in CO_AUTHORS(commit['message']):
+                name = co_author.group(1)
+                committers.add(name)
+
+        if len(data) < per_page:
+            break
+        page += 1
+
+    return committers
+
+
+def find_reporters(since: str, until: str) -> GitHubLogins:
+    url = f'{API_URL}/search/issues'
+    page = 1
+    per_page = 100
+    params = {
+        'q': f'repo:{REPO}/{OWNER} is:issue closed:{since}..{until}',
+        'per_page': per_page,
+    }
+    reporters: GitHubLogins = set()
+
+    while 'there are issues':
+        params['page'] = page
+        data = fetch(url, params=params)
+
+        for item in data['items']:
+            # Filter out unwanted labels.
+            if any(label['name'] in SKIPPED_LABELS for label in item['labels']):
+                continue
+            debug(' >>> Issue', item['html_url'])
+            reporters.add(item['user']['login'])
+
+        if len(data['items']) < per_page:
+            break
+        page += 1
+
+    return reporters
+
+
+def merge_all_the_people(release: str, contributors: People, committers: FullNames, reporters: GitHubLogins) -> None:
+    """
+    >>> contributors = {'Alice': new_person(github='alice', twitter='alice')}
+    >>> merge_all_the_people('2.6.0', contributors, {}, {})
+    >>> contributors
+    {'Alice': {'committed': [], 'reported': [], 'github': 'alice', 'twitter': 'alice'}}
+
+    >>> contributors = {'Bob': new_person(github='bob', twitter='bob')}
+    >>> merge_all_the_people('2.6.0', contributors, {'Bob'}, {'bob'})
+    >>> contributors
+    {'Bob': {'committed': ['2.6.0'], 'reported': ['2.6.0'], 'github': 'bob', 'twitter': 'bob'}}
+
+    >>> contributors = {'Charlotte': new_person(github='charlotte', twitter='charlotte', committed=['2.5.0'], reported=['2.5.0'])}
+    >>> merge_all_the_people('2.6.0', contributors, {'Charlotte'}, {'charlotte'})
+    >>> contributors
+    {'Charlotte': {'committed': ['2.5.0', '2.6.0'], 'reported': ['2.5.0', '2.6.0'], 'github': 'charlotte', 'twitter': 'charlotte'}}
+
+    """
+    # Update known contributors.
+    for name, details in contributors.items():
+        if name in committers:
+            if release not in details['committed']:
+                details['committed'].append(release)
+            committers.remove(name)
+        if details['github'] in reporters:
+            if release not in details['reported']:
+                details['reported'].append(release)
+            reporters.remove(details['github'])
+
+    # Add new committers.
+    for name in committers:
+        user_info = user(fullname=name)
+        contributors[name] = new_person(
+            github=user_info['login'],
+            twitter=user_info['twitter_username'],
+            committed=[release],
+        )
+        if user_info['login'] in reporters:
+            contributors[name]['reported'].append(release)
+            reporters.remove(user_info['login'])
+
+    # Add new reporters.
+    for github_username in reporters:
+        user_info = user(github_username=github_username)
+        contributors[user_info['name'] or user_info['login']] = new_person(
+            github=github_username,
+            twitter=user_info['twitter_username'],
+            reported=[release],
+        )
+
+
+def release_date(release: str) -> str:
+    date = check_output(['git', 'log', '-1', '--format=%ai', release], text=True).strip()
+    return datetime.strptime(date, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z').isoformat()
+
+
+def load_awesome_people() -> People:
+    try:
+        with DB_FILE.open(encoding='utf-8') as fh:
+            return json.load(fh)
+    except (FileNotFoundError, ValueError):
+        return {}
+
+
+def fetch(url: str, params: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None) -> UserInfo:
+    headers = {
+        'Accept': 'application/vnd.github.v3+json',
+        'Authentication': f'token {GITHUB_TOKEN}'
+    }
+    for retry in range(1, 6):
+        debug(f'[{retry}/5]', f'{url = }', f'{params = }')
+        with requests.get(url, params=params, headers=headers) as req:
+            try:
+                req.raise_for_status()
+            except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as exc:
+                if exc.response.status_code == 403:
+                    # 403 Client Error: rate limit exceeded for url: ...
+                    now = int(datetime.utcnow().timestamp())
+                    xrate_limit_reset = int(exc.response.headers['X-RateLimit-Reset'])
+                    wait = xrate_limit_reset - now
+                    if wait > 20:
+                        raise FinishedForNow()
+                    debug(' !', 'Waiting', wait, 'seconds before another try ...')
+                    sleep(wait)
+                continue
+            return req.json()
+    assert ValueError('Rate limit exceeded')
+
+
+def new_person(**kwargs: str) -> Person:
+    data = deepcopy(DEFAULT_PERSON)
+    data.update(**kwargs)
+    return data
+
+
+def user(fullname: Optional[str] = '', github_username: Optional[str] = '') -> UserInfo:
+    if github_username:
+        url = f'{API_URL}/users/{github_username}'
+        return fetch(url)
+
+    url = f'{API_URL}/search/users'
+    for query in (f'fullname:{fullname}', f'user:{fullname}'):
+        params = {
+            'q': f'repo:{REPO}/{OWNER} {query}',
+            'per_page': 1,
+        }
+        user_info = fetch(url, params=params)
+        if user_info['items']:
+            user_url = user_info['items'][0]['url']
+            return fetch(user_url)
+
+
+def fetch_missing_users_details(people: People) -> None:
+    for name, details in people.items():
+        if details['github'] and details['twitter']:
+            continue
+        user_info = user(github_username=details['github'], fullname=name)
+        if not details['github']:
+            details['github'] = user_info['login']
+        if not details['twitter']:
+            details['twitter'] = user_info['twitter_username']
+
+
+def save_awesome_people(people: People) -> None:
+    with DB_FILE.open(mode='w', encoding='utf-8') as fh:
+        json.dump(people, fh, indent=4, sort_keys=True)
+        fh.write("\n")
+
+
+def debug(*args: Any) -> None:
+    if os.getenv('DEBUG') == '1':
+        print(*args)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    ret = 1
+    try:
+        ret = main(*sys.argv[1:])
+    except TypeError:
+        ret = 2
+        print(f'''
+Fetch contributors to a release.
+
+Usage:
+    python {sys.argv[0]} {sys.argv[0]} <RELEASE N-1> <RELEASE N>
+Example:
+    python {sys.argv[0]} 2.4.0 2.5.0
+
+Define the DEBUG=1 environment variable to enable verbose output.
+''')
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        ret = 255
+    sys.exit(ret)

docs/contributors/generate.py

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+"""
+Generate snippets to copy-paste.
+"""
+import sys
+
+from jinja2 import Template
+
+from fetch import HERE, load_awesome_people
+
+TPL_FILE = HERE / 'snippet.jinja2'
+
+HTTPIE_TEAM = {
+    'claudiatd',
+    'jakubroztocil',
+    'jkbr',
+    'isidentical'
+}
+
+BOT_ACCOUNTS = {
+    'dependabot-sr'
+}
+
+IGNORE_ACCOUNTS = HTTPIE_TEAM | BOT_ACCOUNTS
+
+
+def generate_snippets(release: str) -> str:
+    people = load_awesome_people()
+    contributors = {
+        name: details
+        for name, details in people.items()
+        if details['github'] not in IGNORE_ACCOUNTS
+        and (release in details['committed'] or release in details['reported'])
+    }
+
+    template = Template(source=TPL_FILE.read_text(encoding='utf-8'))
+    output = template.render(contributors=contributors, release=release)
+    print(output)
+    return 0
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    ret = 1
+    try:
+        ret = generate_snippets(sys.argv[1])
+    except (IndexError, TypeError):
+        ret = 2
+        print(f'''
+Generate snippets for contributors to a release.
+
+Usage:
+    python {sys.argv[0]} {sys.argv[0]} <RELEASE>
+''')
+    sys.exit(ret)

docs/contributors/people.json

@@ -0,0 +1,691 @@
+{
+    "Aaron Miller": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "aaronhmiller",
+        "reported": [
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": "aaronmiller8"
+    },
+    "Alexander Bogdanov": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "ab-kily",
+        "reported": [
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "Almad": {
+        "committed": [
+            "2.5.0"
+        ],
+        "github": "Almad",
+        "reported": [
+            "2.6.0",
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": "almadcz"
+    },
+    "Andr\u00e1s Czig\u00e1ny": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "andrascz",
+        "reported": [
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "Annette Wilson": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "annettejanewilson",
+        "reported": [
+            "2.6.0",
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "Anton Emelyanov": {
+        "committed": [
+            "2.5.0"
+        ],
+        "github": "king-menin",
+        "reported": [],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "Batuhan Taskaya": {
+        "committed": [
+            "3.0.0",
+            "3.2.0"
+        ],
+        "github": "isidentical",
+        "reported": [
+            "3.0.0",
+            "3.2.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": "isidentical"
+    },
+    "Brad Crittenden": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "bac",
+        "reported": [
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "Chad": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "cythrawll",
+        "reported": [
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "D8ger": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "caofanCPU",
+        "reported": [
+            "2.5.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "Dave": {
+        "committed": [
+            "2.6.0",
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "github": "davecheney",
+        "reported": [],
+        "twitter": "davecheney"
+    },
+    "Dawid Ferenczy Rogo\u017ean": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "ferenczy",
+        "reported": [
+            "2.5.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": "DawidFerenczy"
+    },
+    "Ed Rooth": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "sym3tri",
+        "reported": [
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "Elena Lape": {
+        "committed": [
+            "2.5.0"
+        ],
+        "github": "elenalape",
+        "reported": [],
+        "twitter": "elena_lape"
+    },
+    "Ethan Mills": {
+        "committed": [
+            "3.2.0"
+        ],
+        "github": "ethanmills",
+        "reported": [],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "Fabio Peruzzo": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "peruzzof",
+        "reported": [
+            "2.6.0",
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "F\u00fash\u0113ng": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "lienide",
+        "reported": [
+            "2.5.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "Gabriel Cruz": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "gmelodie",
+        "reported": [
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": "gmelodiecruz"
+    },
+    "Gaurav": {
+        "committed": [
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "github": "gkcs",
+        "reported": [],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "Giampaolo Rodola": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "giampaolo",
+        "reported": [
+            "2.5.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "Greg Myers": {
+        "committed": [
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "github": "myersg86",
+        "reported": [],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "Hugh Williams": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "hughpv",
+        "reported": [
+            "2.5.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "Ilya Sukhanov": {
+        "committed": [
+            "2.5.0"
+        ],
+        "github": "IlyaSukhanov",
+        "reported": [
+            "2.5.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "Jakub Roztocil": {
+        "committed": [
+            "2.5.0",
+            "2.6.0",
+            "3.0.0",
+            "3.2.0"
+        ],
+        "github": "jakubroztocil",
+        "reported": [
+            "2.5.0",
+            "2.6.0",
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": "jakubroztocil"
+    },
+    "Jan Bra\u0161na": {
+        "committed": [
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "github": "janbrasna",
+        "reported": [],
+        "twitter": "janbrasna"
+    },
+    "Jan Verbeek": {
+        "committed": [
+            "2.5.0"
+        ],
+        "github": "blyxxyz",
+        "reported": [
+            "3.0.0",
+            "3.2.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "Jannik Vieten": {
+        "committed": [
+            "2.5.0"
+        ],
+        "github": "exploide",
+        "reported": [],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "Jesper Holmberg": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "strindberg",
+        "reported": [
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "Kirill Krasnov": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "Kirill",
+        "reported": [
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "Marcel St\u00f6r": {
+        "committed": [
+            "2.5.0"
+        ],
+        "github": "marcelstoer",
+        "reported": [],
+        "twitter": "frightanic"
+    },
+    "Marco Seguri": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "seguri",
+        "reported": [
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "Mariano Ruiz": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "mrsarm",
+        "reported": [
+            "2.5.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": "mrsarm82"
+    },
+    "Mark Rosenbaum": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "markrosenbaum",
+        "reported": [
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "Micka\u00ebl Schoentgen": {
+        "committed": [
+            "2.5.0",
+            "2.6.0",
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "github": "BoboTiG",
+        "reported": [
+            "2.5.0",
+            "2.6.0",
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": "__tiger222__"
+    },
+    "Mike DePalatis": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "mivade",
+        "reported": [
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "Miro Hron\u010dok": {
+        "committed": [
+            "2.5.0",
+            "2.6.0",
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "github": "hroncok",
+        "reported": [],
+        "twitter": "hroncok"
+    },
+    "Mohamed Daahir": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "ducaale",
+        "reported": [
+            "2.5.0",
+            "3.2.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "Nanashi.": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "sevenc-nanashi",
+        "reported": [
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": "sevenc_nanashi"
+    },
+    "Nicklas Ansman Giertz": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "ansman",
+        "reported": [
+            "3.2.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "Oliver Fish": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "Oliver-Fish",
+        "reported": [
+            "3.2.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "Omer Akram": {
+        "committed": [
+            "2.6.0",
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "github": "om26er",
+        "reported": [
+            "2.6.0",
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": "om26er"
+    },
+    "Patrick Taylor": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "pmeister",
+        "reported": [
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "Paul Laffitte": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "paullaffitte",
+        "reported": [
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": "plaffitt"
+    },
+    "Pavel Alexeev aka Pahan-Hubbitus": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "Hubbitus",
+        "reported": [
+            "2.5.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "Roberto L\u00f3pez L\u00f3pez": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "robertolopezlopez",
+        "reported": [
+            "3.2.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "Russell Shurts": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "rshurts",
+        "reported": [
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "Samuel Marks": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "SamuelMarks",
+        "reported": [
+            "2.5.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "Sebastian Czech": {
+        "committed": [
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "github": "sebastianczech",
+        "reported": [],
+        "twitter": "sebaczech"
+    },
+    "Sullivan SENECHAL": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "soullivaneuh",
+        "reported": [
+            "2.5.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "Thomas Klinger": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "mosesontheweb",
+        "reported": [
+            "2.5.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "Vincent van \u2019t Zand": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "vovtz",
+        "reported": [
+            "2.6.0",
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "Vivaan Verma": {
+        "committed": [
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "github": "doublevcodes",
+        "reported": [],
+        "twitter": "doublevcodes"
+    },
+    "Vladimir Berkutov": {
+        "committed": [
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "github": "dair-targ",
+        "reported": [],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "Will Rogers": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "wjrogers",
+        "reported": [
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "Yannic Schneider": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "cynay",
+        "reported": [
+            "2.5.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "a1346054": {
+        "committed": [
+            "2.5.0"
+        ],
+        "github": "a1346054",
+        "reported": [],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "arloan": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "arloan",
+        "reported": [
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "bl-ue": {
+        "committed": [
+            "2.5.0"
+        ],
+        "github": "FiReBlUe45",
+        "reported": [],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "blueray453": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "blueray453",
+        "reported": [
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "claudiatd": {
+        "committed": [
+            "2.6.0",
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "github": "claudiatd",
+        "reported": [],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "coldcoff": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "coldcoff",
+        "reported": [
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "dependabot[bot]": {
+        "committed": [
+            "3.2.0"
+        ],
+        "github": "dependabot-sr",
+        "reported": [],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "dkreeft": {
+        "committed": [
+            "2.6.0",
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "github": "dkreeft",
+        "reported": [],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "greg": {
+        "committed": [
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "github": "gregkh",
+        "reported": [],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "henryhu712": {
+        "committed": [
+            "2.5.0"
+        ],
+        "github": "henryhu712",
+        "reported": [],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "hosseingt": {
+        "committed": [
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "github": "hosseingt",
+        "reported": [],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "jakubroztocil": {
+        "committed": [
+            "2.6.0",
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "github": "jkbr",
+        "reported": [],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "josephworks": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "josephworks",
+        "reported": [
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "jungle-boogie": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "jungle-boogie",
+        "reported": [
+            "2.5.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "luisuimi": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "luisuimi",
+        "reported": [
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "luzpaz": {
+        "committed": [
+            "3.2.0"
+        ],
+        "github": "luzpaz",
+        "reported": [],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "nixbytes": {
+        "committed": [
+            "2.5.0"
+        ],
+        "github": "nixbytes",
+        "reported": [],
+        "twitter": "linuxbyte3"
+    },
+    "peterpt": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "peterpt",
+        "reported": [
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "qiulang": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "qiulang",
+        "reported": [
+            "2.5.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "stonebig": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "stonebig",
+        "reported": [
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "whodidthis": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "whodidthis",
+        "reported": [
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "zhaohanqing95": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "zhaohanqing95",
+        "reported": [
+            "3.2.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "zoulja": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "zoulja",
+        "reported": [
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "zwx00": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "zwx00",
+        "reported": [
+            "2.5.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "\u5d14\u5c0f\u4e8c": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "rogerdehe",
+        "reported": [
+            "2.6.0",
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    },
+    "\u9ec4\u6d77": {
+        "committed": [],
+        "github": "hh-in-zhuzhou",
+        "reported": [
+            "2.6.0",
+            "3.0.0"
+        ],
+        "twitter": null
+    }
+}

docs/contributors/snippet.jinja2

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<!-- Blog post -->
+
+## Community contributions
+
+We’d like to thank these amazing people for their contributions to this release:
+{% for name, details in contributors.items() -%}
+- [{{ name }}](https://github.com/{{ details.github }}){{ '' if loop.last else '\n' }}
+{%- endfor %}
+
+<!-- Twitter -->
+
+We’d like to thank these amazing people for their contributions to HTTPie {{ release }}: {% for name, details in contributors.items() if details.twitter -%}
+    @{{ details.twitter }}{{ '' if loop.last else ', ' }}
+{%- endfor %} 🥧

docs/httpie-logo.svg

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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docs/installation/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Here we maintain a database of installation methods, from which we generate
+the installation section in docs. If you’d like add or update an installation method,
+edit [methods.yml](./methods.yml), do not edit the main docs directly.
+
+For HTTPie installation instructions see: <https://httpie.io/docs#installation>.

docs/installation/generate.py

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+import re
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Dict
+
+import yaml
+from jinja2 import Template
+
+Database = Dict[str, dict]
+
+# Files
+HERE = Path(__file__).parent
+DB_FILE = HERE / 'methods.yml'
+DOC_FILE = HERE.parent / 'README.md'
+TPL_FILE = HERE / 'installation.jinja2'
+
+# Database keys
+KEY_DOC_STRUCTURE = 'docs-structure'
+KEY_TOOLS = 'tools'
+
+# Markers in-between content will be put.
+MARKER_START = '<div data-installation-instructions>'
+MARKER_END = '</div>'
+
+
+def generate_documentation() -> str:
+    database = load_database()
+    structure = build_docs_structure(database)
+    template = Template(source=TPL_FILE.read_text(encoding='utf-8'))
+    output = template.render(structure=structure)
+    output = clean_template_output(output)
+    return output
+
+
+def save_doc_file(content: str) -> None:
+    current_doc = load_doc_file()
+    marker_start = current_doc.find(MARKER_START) + len(MARKER_START)
+    assert marker_start > 0, 'cannot find the start marker'
+    marker_end = current_doc.find(MARKER_END, marker_start)
+    assert marker_start < marker_end, f'{marker_end=} < {marker_start=}'
+    updated_doc = (
+        current_doc[:marker_start]
+        + '\n\n'
+        + content
+        + '\n\n'
+        + current_doc[marker_end:]
+    )
+    if current_doc != updated_doc:
+        DOC_FILE.write_text(updated_doc, encoding='utf-8')
+
+
+def build_docs_structure(database: Database):
+    tools = database[KEY_TOOLS]
+    assert len(tools) == len({tool['title'] for tool in tools.values()}), 'tool titles need to be unique'
+    tree = database[KEY_DOC_STRUCTURE]
+    structure = []
+    for platform, tools_ids in tree.items():
+        assert platform.isalnum(), f'{platform=} must be alpha-numeric for generated links to work'
+        platform_tools = [tools[tool_id] for tool_id in tools_ids]
+        structure.append((platform, platform_tools))
+    return structure
+
+
+def clean_template_output(output):
+    output = '\n'.join(line.strip() for line in output.strip().splitlines())
+    output = re.sub('\n{3,}', '\n\n', output)
+    return output
+
+
+def load_database() -> Database:
+    return yaml.safe_load(DB_FILE.read_text(encoding='utf-8'))
+
+
+def load_doc_file() -> str:
+    return DOC_FILE.read_text(encoding='utf-8')
+
+
+def main() -> int:
+    content = generate_documentation()
+    save_doc_file(content)
+    return 0
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.exit(main())

docs/installation/installation.jinja2

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<!--
+THE INSTALLATION SECTION IS GENERATED
+
+Do not edit here, but in docs/installation/.
+
+-->
+{% for platform, tools in structure %}
+    - [{{ platform }}](#{{ platform.lower() }}){% endfor %} {# <= keep `endfor` here to prevent unwanted `\n` #}
+
+{% for platform, tools in structure %}
+
+    ### {{ platform }}
+
+    {% for tool in tools %}
+        #### {{ tool.title }}
+
+        {% if tool.note %}
+            {{ tool.note }}
+        {% endif %}
+
+        {% if tool.links.setup %}
+            To install [{{ tool.name }}]({{ tool.links.homepage }}), see [its installation]({{ tool.links.setup }}).
+        {% endif %}
+
+        ```bash
+        # Install httpie
+        $ {{ tool.commands.install|join('\n$ ') }}
+        ```
+
+        ```bash
+        # Upgrade httpie
+        $ {{ tool.commands.upgrade|join('\n$ ') }}
+        ```
+    {% endfor %}
+
+{% endfor %}
+<!-- /GENERATED SECTION -->

docs/installation/methods.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+# Database of HTTPie installation methods. Used to build the docs.
+#
+# We currently only include here methods for popular systems where we take care of the package,
+# or have a good relationship with the maintainers.
+#
+# Each tool name should be unique (it becomes a linkable header).
+# If a tools have `links.setup`, it also needs `links.homepage`.
+# Some tools are available on multiple platforms, take into account when editing.
+#
+
+docs-structure:
+  Universal:
+    - pypi
+  macOS:
+    - brew-mac
+    - port
+  Windows:
+    - chocolatey
+  Linux:
+    - apt
+    - dnf
+    - yum
+    - single-binary
+    - snap-linux
+    - brew-linux
+    - pacman
+  FreeBSD:
+    - pkg
+
+tools:
+  apt:
+    title: Debian and Ubuntu
+    note: Also works for other Debian-derived distributions like MX Linux, Linux Mint, deepin, Pop!_OS, KDE neon, Zorin OS, elementary OS, Kubuntu, Devuan, Linux Lite, Peppermint OS, Lubuntu, antiX, Xubuntu, etc.
+    name: APT
+    links:
+      homepage: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APT_(software)
+      package: https://packages.debian.org/sid/web/httpie
+    commands:
+      install:
+        - curl -SsL https://packages.httpie.io/deb/KEY.gpg | apt-key add -
+        - curl -SsL -o /etc/apt/sources.list.d/httpie.list https://packages.httpie.io/deb/httpie.list
+        - apt update
+        - apt install httpie
+      upgrade:
+        - apt update
+        - apt upgrade httpie
+
+  brew-mac:
+    title: Homebrew
+    name: Homebrew
+    links:
+      homepage: https://brew.sh/
+      setup: https://docs.brew.sh/Installation
+      package: https://formulae.brew.sh/formula/httpie
+    commands:
+      install:
+        - brew update
+        - brew install httpie
+      upgrade:
+        - brew update
+        - brew upgrade httpie
+
+  brew-linux:
+    title: Linuxbrew
+    name: Linuxbrew
+    links:
+      homepage: https://docs.brew.sh/Homebrew-on-Linux
+      setup: https://docs.brew.sh/Homebrew-on-Linux#install
+      package: https://formulae.brew.sh/formula/httpie
+    commands:
+      install:
+        - brew update
+        - brew install httpie
+      upgrade:
+        - brew update
+        - brew upgrade httpie
+
+  chocolatey:
+    title: Chocolatey
+    name: Chocolatey
+    links:
+      homepage: https://chocolatey.org/
+      setup: https://chocolatey.org/install
+      package: https://community.chocolatey.org/packages/httpie/
+    commands:
+      install:
+        - choco install httpie
+      upgrade:
+        - choco upgrade httpie
+
+  dnf:
+    title: Fedora
+    name: DNF
+    links:
+      homepage: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/DNF
+      package: https://src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/httpie
+    commands:
+      install:
+        - dnf install httpie
+      upgrade:
+        - dnf upgrade httpie
+
+  pacman:
+    title: Arch Linux
+    name: pacman
+    note: Also works for other Arch-derived distributions like ArcoLinux, EndeavourOS, Artix Linux, etc.
+    links:
+      homepage: https://archlinux.org/pacman/
+      package: https://archlinux.org/packages/community/any/httpie/
+    commands:
+      install:
+        - pacman -Syu httpie
+      upgrade:
+        - pacman -Syu
+
+  pkg:
+    title: FreshPorts
+    name: FreshPorts
+    links:
+      homepage: https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg&sektion=8&n=1
+      package: https://www.freshports.org/www/py-httpie/
+    commands:
+      install:
+        - pkg install www/py-httpie
+      upgrade:
+        - pkg upgrade www/py-httpie
+
+  port:
+    title: MacPorts
+    name: MacPorts
+    links:
+      homepage: https://www.macports.org/
+      setup: https://www.macports.org/install.php
+      package: https://ports.macports.org/port/httpie/
+    commands:
+      install:
+        - port selfupdate
+        - port install httpie
+      upgrade:
+        - port selfupdate
+        - port upgrade httpie
+
+  pypi:
+    title: PyPI
+    name: pip
+    note: Please make sure you have Python 3.7 or newer (`python --version`).
+    links:
+      homepage: https://pypi.org/
+      # setup: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/installation/
+      package: https://pypi.org/project/httpie/
+    commands:
+      install:
+        - python -m pip install --upgrade pip wheel
+        - python -m pip install httpie
+      upgrade:
+        - python -m pip install --upgrade pip wheel
+        - python -m pip install --upgrade httpie
+
+  snap-linux:
+    title: Snapcraft (Linux)
+    name: Snapcraft
+    links:
+      homepage: https://snapcraft.io/
+      setup: https://snapcraft.io/docs/installing-snapd
+      package: https://snapcraft.io/httpie
+    commands:
+      install:
+        - snap install httpie
+      upgrade:
+        - snap refresh httpie
+
+  yum:
+    title: CentOS and RHEL
+    name: Yum
+    note: Also works for other RHEL-derived distributions like ClearOS, Oracle Linux, etc.
+    links:
+      homepage: http://yum.baseurl.org/
+      package: https://src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/httpie
+    commands:
+      install:
+        - yum install epel-release
+        - yum install httpie
+      upgrade:
+        - yum upgrade httpie
+
+  single-binary:
+    title: Single binary executables
+    name: Single binary executables
+    note: Get the standalone HTTPie Linux executables when you don't want to go through the full installation process.
+    links:
+    commands:
+      install:
+        - https --download packages.httpie.io/binaries/linux/http-latest -o http
+        - ln -ls ./http ./https
+        - chmod +x ./http ./https
+      upgrade:
+        - https --download packages.httpie.io/binaries/linux/http-latest -o http

docs/markdownlint.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# Rules for <https://github.com/markdownlint/markdownlint>
+
+# Load all rules by default
+all
+
+#
+# Tweak rules
+#
+
+# MD002 First header should be a top level header
+# Because we use HTML to hide them on the website.
+exclude_rule 'MD002'
+
+# MD007 Allow unordered list indentation
+exclude_rule 'MD007'
+
+# MD013 Line length
+exclude_rule 'MD013'
+
+# MD014 Dollar signs used before commands without showing output
+exclude_rule 'MD014'
+
+# MD028 Blank line inside blockquote
+exclude_rule 'MD028'
+
+# MD012 Multiple consecutive blank lines
+exclude_rule 'MD012'
+
+# Tell the linter to use ordered lists:
+#   1. Foo
+#   2. Bar
+#   3. Baz
+#
+# Instead of:
+#   1. Foo
+#   1. Bar
+#   1. Baz
+rule 'MD029', :style => :ordered
+
+# MD033 Inline HTML
+# TODO: Tweak elements when https://github.com/markdownlint/markdownlint/issues/118 will be done?
+exclude_rule 'MD033'
+
+# MD034 Bare URL used
+# TODO: Remove when https://github.com/markdownlint/markdownlint/issues/328 will be fixed.
+exclude_rule 'MD034'
+
+# MD041 First line in file should be a top level header
+# Because we use HTML to hide them on the website.
+exclude_rule 'MD041'

docs/packaging/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# HTTPie release process
+
+Welcome on the documentation part of the **HTTPie release process**.
+
+- If you do not know HTTPie, have a look [here](https://httpie.io/cli).
+- If you are looking for HTTPie installation or upgrade instructions, then you can find all you need for your OS on [that page](https://httpie.io/docs#installation). In the case you do not find your OS, [let us know](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/).
+- If you are looking for technical information about the HTTPie packaging, then you are at the good place.
+
+## About
+
+You are looking at the HTTPie packaging documentation, where you will find valuable information about how we manage to release HTTPie to lots of OSes, including technical data that may be worth reading if you are a package maintainer.
+
+The overall release process starts simple:
+
+1. Bump the version identifiers in the following places:
+    - `httpie/__init__.py`
+    - `docs/packaging/windows-chocolatey/httpie.nuspec`
+    - `CHANGELOG.md`
+2. Commit your changes and make a PR against the `master`.
+3. Merge the PR, and tag the last commit with your version identifier.
+4. Make a GitHub release (by copying the text in `CHANGELOG.md`)
+5. Push that release to PyPI (dispatch the `Release PyPI` GitHub action).
+6. Once PyPI is ready, push the release to the Snap, Homebrew and Chocolatey with their respective actions.
+7. Go to the [`httpie/debian.httpie.io`](https://github.com/httpie/debian.httpie.io) repo and trigger the package index workflow.
+
+## Company-specific tasks
+
+- Blank the `master_and_released_docs_differ_after` value in [config.json](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/blob/master/docs/config.json).
+- Update the [contributors list](../contributors).
+- Update the HTTPie version bundled into [Termible](https://termible.io/) ([example](https://github.com/httpie/termible/pull/1)).
+
+## Finally, spread dowstream
+
+Find out how we do release new versions for each and every supported OS in the following table.
+A more complete state of deployment can be found on [repology](https://repology.org/project/httpie/versions), including unofficial packages.
+
+|                                           OS | Maintainer     |
+| -------------------------------------------: | -------------- |
+|       [Arch Linux, and derived](linux-arch/) | trusted person |
+|   [CentOS, RHEL, and derived](linux-centos/) | trusted person |
+|                      [Fedora](linux-fedora/) | trusted person |
+| [Debian, Ubuntu, and derived](linux-debian/) | **HTTPie**     |
+|                 [Homebrew, Linuxbrew](brew/) | **HTTPie**     |
+|                      [Snapcraft](snapcraft/) | **HTTPie**     |
+|  [Windows — Chocolatey](windows-chocolatey/) | **HTTPie**     |
+
+:new: You do not find your system or you would like to see HTTPie supported on another OS? Then [let us know](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/).

docs/packaging/brew/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# HTTPie on Homebrew, and Linuxbrew
+
+Welcome to the documentation about **packaging HTTPie for Homebrew**.
+
+- If you do not know HTTPie, have a look [here](https://httpie.io/cli).
+- If you are looking for HTTPie installation or upgrade instructions on Homebrew, then you can find them on [that page](https://httpie.io/docs#homebrew) ([that one](https://httpie.io/docs#linuxbrew) for Linuxbrew).
+- If you are looking for technical information about the HTTPie packaging on Homebrew, then you are in a good place.
+
+## About
+
+This document contains technical details, where we describe how to create a patch for the latest HTTPie version for Homebrew. They apply to Linuxbrew as well.
+We will discuss setting up the environment, installing development tools, installing and testing changes before submitting a patch downstream.
+
+## Overall process
+
+The brew deployment is completely automated, and only requires a trigger to [`Release on Homebrew`](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/actions/workflows/release-brew.yml) action
+from the release manager.
+
+If it is needed to be done manually, the following command can be used:
+
+```console
+$ brew bump-formula-pr httpie --version={TARGET_VERSION}
+```
+
+which will bump the formula, and create a PR against the package index.
+
+## Hacking
+
+Make your changes, test the formula through the [`Test Brew Package`](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/actions/workflows/test-package-mac-brew.yml) action
+and then finally submit your patch to [`homebrew-core`](https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core`)
+

docs/packaging/brew/httpie.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+class Httpie < Formula
+  include Language::Python::Virtualenv
+
+  desc "User-friendly cURL replacement (command-line HTTP client)"
+  homepage "https://httpie.io/"
+  url "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/32/85/bb095699be20cc98731261cb80884e9458178f8fef2a38273530ce77c0a5/httpie-3.1.0.tar.gz"
+  sha256 "2e4a2040b84a912e65c01fb34f7aafe88cad2a3af2da8c685ca65080f376feda"
+  license "BSD-3-Clause"
+  head "https://github.com/httpie/httpie.git", branch: "master"
+
+  bottle do
+    sha256 cellar: :any_skip_relocation, arm64_monterey: "9bb6e8c1ef5ba8b019ddedd7e908dd2174da695351aa9a238dfb28b0f57ef005"
+    sha256 cellar: :any_skip_relocation, arm64_big_sur:  "47ffccd3241155d863e1b4f6259d538a34d42a0cdeed8152bda257ee607b51be"
+    sha256 cellar: :any_skip_relocation, monterey:       "dc4a04cb05a9cd1bfa6a632a0e4a21975905954af54ece41f9050c52474267be"
+    sha256 cellar: :any_skip_relocation, big_sur:        "ae469e37864e967e0fd99fba15a78e719dcb351b462f98f3843c78ed1473df6d"
+    sha256 cellar: :any_skip_relocation, catalina:       "291a3eaecb2a2cc845c1652686a9a14b21053d7e3a7d0115245b2150ca2e199e"
+    sha256 cellar: :any_skip_relocation, x86_64_linux:   "710836e27c44c8e3ad181d668f4a9f78c4cb4c355d7b148a397599a7cd42713d"
+  end
+
+  depends_on "python@3.10"
+
+  resource "certifi" do
+    url "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/6c/ae/d26450834f0acc9e3d1f74508da6df1551ceab6c2ce0766a593362d6d57f/certifi-2021.10.8.tar.gz"
+    sha256 "78884e7c1d4b00ce3cea67b44566851c4343c120abd683433ce934a68ea58872"
+  end
+
+  resource "charset-normalizer" do
+    url "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/56/31/7bcaf657fafb3c6db8c787a865434290b726653c912085fbd371e9b92e1c/charset-normalizer-2.0.12.tar.gz"
+    sha256 "2857e29ff0d34db842cd7ca3230549d1a697f96ee6d3fb071cfa6c7393832597"
+  end
+
+  resource "defusedxml" do
+    url "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/0f/d5/c66da9b79e5bdb124974bfe172b4daf3c984ebd9c2a06e2b8a4dc7331c72/defusedxml-0.7.1.tar.gz"
+    sha256 "1bb3032db185915b62d7c6209c5a8792be6a32ab2fedacc84e01b52c51aa3e69"
+  end
+
+  resource "idna" do
+    url "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/62/08/e3fc7c8161090f742f504f40b1bccbfc544d4a4e09eb774bf40aafce5436/idna-3.3.tar.gz"
+    sha256 "9d643ff0a55b762d5cdb124b8eaa99c66322e2157b69160bc32796e824360e6d"
+  end
+
+  resource "multidict" do
+    url "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/fa/a7/71c253cdb8a1528802bac7503bf82fe674367e4055b09c28846fdfa4ab90/multidict-6.0.2.tar.gz"
+    sha256 "5ff3bd75f38e4c43f1f470f2df7a4d430b821c4ce22be384e1459cb57d6bb013"
+  end
+
+  resource "Pygments" do
+    url "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/94/9c/cb656d06950268155f46d4f6ce25d7ffc51a0da47eadf1b164bbf23b718b/Pygments-2.11.2.tar.gz"
+    sha256 "4e426f72023d88d03b2fa258de560726ce890ff3b630f88c21cbb8b2503b8c6a"
+  end
+
+  resource "PySocks" do
+    url "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/bd/11/293dd436aea955d45fc4e8a35b6ae7270f5b8e00b53cf6c024c83b657a11/PySocks-1.7.1.tar.gz"
+    sha256 "3f8804571ebe159c380ac6de37643bb4685970655d3bba243530d6558b799aa0"
+  end
+
+  resource "requests" do
+    url "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/60/f3/26ff3767f099b73e0efa138a9998da67890793bfa475d8278f84a30fec77/requests-2.27.1.tar.gz"
+    sha256 "68d7c56fd5a8999887728ef304a6d12edc7be74f1cfa47714fc8b414525c9a61"
+  end
+
+  resource "requests-toolbelt" do
+    url "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/28/30/7bf7e5071081f761766d46820e52f4b16c8a08fef02d2eb4682ca7534310/requests-toolbelt-0.9.1.tar.gz"
+    sha256 "968089d4584ad4ad7c171454f0a5c6dac23971e9472521ea3b6d49d610aa6fc0"
+  end
+
+  resource "urllib3" do
+    url "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/b0/b1/7bbf5181f8e3258efae31702f5eab87d8a74a72a0aa78bc8c08c1466e243/urllib3-1.26.8.tar.gz"
+    sha256 "0e7c33d9a63e7ddfcb86780aac87befc2fbddf46c58dbb487e0855f7ceec283c"
+  end
+
+  def install
+    virtualenv_install_with_resources
+  end
+
+  test do
+    assert_match version.to_s, shell_output("#{bin}/httpie --version")
+    assert_match version.to_s, shell_output("#{bin}/https --version")
+    assert_match version.to_s, shell_output("#{bin}/http --version")
+
+    raw_url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core/HEAD/Formula/httpie.rb"
+    assert_match "PYTHONPATH", shell_output("#{bin}/http --ignore-stdin #{raw_url}")
+  end
+end

docs/packaging/brew/update.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -xe
+
+rm -f httpie.rb
+http --download https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core/master/Formula/httpie.rb

docs/packaging/linux-arch/PKGBUILD

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# Maintainer: Jelle van der Waa <jelle@archlinux.org>
+# Maintainer: daurnimator <daurnimator@archlinux.org>
+# Contributor: Daniel Micay <danielmicay@gmail.com>
+# Contributor: Thomas Weißschuh <thomas_weissschuh lavabit com>
+
+pkgname=httpie
+pkgver=2.6.0
+pkgrel=1
+pkgdesc="human-friendly CLI HTTP client for the API era"
+url="https://github.com/httpie/httpie"
+depends=('python-defusedxml'
+         'python-pygments'
+         'python-pysocks'
+         'python-requests'
+         'python-requests-toolbelt'
+         'python-charset-normalizer')
+makedepends=('python-setuptools')
+checkdepends=('python-pytest'
+              'python-pytest-httpbin'
+              'python-responses')
+conflicts=(python-httpie)
+replaces=(python-httpie python2-httpie)
+license=('BSD')
+arch=('any')
+source=($pkgname-$pkgver.tar.gz::"https://github.com/httpie/httpie/archive/$pkgver.tar.gz")
+sha256sums=('3bcd9a8cb2b11299da12d3af36c095c6d4b665e41c395898a07f1ae4d99fc14a')
+
+build() {
+  cd $pkgname-$pkgver
+  python3 setup.py build
+}
+
+package() {
+  cd $pkgname-$pkgver
+  install -Dm644 LICENSE "$pkgdir/usr/share/licenses/httpie/LICENSE"
+  python3 setup.py install --root="$pkgdir" --optimize=1
+
+  # Fix upstream, include them in MANIFEST.in and use data_files in setup.py to install them automatically
+  # TODO: add zsh support
+  install -Dm644 extras/httpie-completion.bash "$pkgdir"/usr/share/bash-completion/completions/http
+  install -Dm644 extras/httpie-completion.fish "$pkgdir"/usr/share/fish/vendor_completions.d/http.fish
+}
+
+check() {
+  cd $pkgname-$pkgver
+  PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1 pytest tests
+}

docs/packaging/linux-arch/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# HTTPie on Arch Linux, and derived
+
+Welcome to the documentation about **packaging HTTPie for Arch Linux**.
+
+- If you do not know HTTPie, have a look [here](https://httpie.io/cli).
+- If you are looking for HTTPie installation or upgrade instructions on Arch Linux, then you can find them on [that page](https://httpie.io/docs#arch-linux).
+- If you are looking for technical information about the HTTPie packaging on Arch Linux, then you are in a good place.
+
+## About
+
+This document contains technical details, where we describe how to create a patch for the latest HTTPie version for Arch Linux. They apply to Arch-derived distributions as well, like ArcoLinux, EndeavourOS, Artix Linux, etc.
+We will discuss setting up the environment, installing development tools, installing and testing changes before submitting a patch downstream.
+
+## Overall process
+
+Note: Sending patches downstream does not seem easy. We failed to find where is located the package file on <https://gitlab.archlinux.org>. So we are relying on the last maintainer, daurnimator, and it works pretty well so far.
+
+Check <https://archlinux.org/packages/community/any/httpie/> and if the version is outdated, simply [report it](https://archlinux.org/packages/community/any/httpie/flag/).
+
+## Hacking
+
+Left blank on purpose, we will fill that section when we will have access to the downstream repository.

docs/packaging/linux-centos/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# HTTPie on CentOS, RHEL, and derived
+
+Welcome to the documentation about **packaging HTTPie for CentOS and RHEL**.
+
+- If you do not know HTTPie, have a look [here](https://httpie.io/cli).
+- If you are looking for HTTPie installation or upgrade instructions on CentOS, then you can find them on [that page](https://httpie.io/docs#centos-and-rhel).
+- If you are looking for technical information about the HTTPie packaging on CentOS, then you are in a good place.
+
+## About
+
+This document contains technical details, where we describe how to create a patch for the latest HTTPie version for CentOS. They apply to RHEL as well, and any RHEL-derived distributions like ClearOS, Oracle Linux, etc.
+We will discuss setting up the environment, installing development tools, installing and testing changes before submitting a patch downstream.
+
+The current maintainer is [Mikel Olasagasti](https://github.com/kaxero).
+
+## Overall process
+
+Same as [Fedora](../linux-fedora/README.md#overall-process).
+
+## Q/A with Mikel
+
+Q: What should we do to help seeing a new version on CentOS?
+
+A: When a new release is published Miro and I get notified by [release-monitoring](https://release-monitoring.org/project/1337/), that fills a BugZilla ticket reporting a new version being available.
+
+The system also tries to create a simple patch to update the spec file, but in the case of CentOS it needs some manual revision. For example for 2.5.0 `defuxedxml` dep is required. Maybe with CentOS-9 and some new macros that are available now in Fedora it can be automated same way. But even the bump can be automated, maintainers should check for license changes, new binaries/docs/ and so on.

docs/packaging/linux-debian/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# HTTPie on Debian, Ubuntu, and derived
+
+Welcome to the documentation about **packaging HTTPie for Debian GNU/Linux**.
+
+- If you do not know HTTPie, have a look [here](https://httpie.io/cli).
+- If you are looking for HTTPie installation or upgrade instructions on Debian GNU/Linux, then you can find them on [that page](https://httpie.io/docs#debian-and-ubuntu).
+- If you are looking for technical information about the HTTPie packaging on Debian GNU/Linux, then you are in a good place.
+
+## About
+
+This document contains technical details, where we describe how to create a patch for the latest HTTPie version for Debian GNU/Linux. They apply to Ubuntu as well, and any Debian-derived distributions like MX Linux, Linux Mint, deepin, Pop!_OS, KDE neon, Zorin OS, elementary OS, Kubuntu, Devuan, Linux Lite, Peppermint OS, Lubuntu, antiX, Xubuntu, etc.
+We will discuss setting up the environment, installing development tools, installing and testing changes before submitting a patch downstream.
+
+We create the standalone binaries (see this [for more details](../../../extras/packaging/linux/)) and package them with
+[FPM](https://github.com/jordansissel/fpm)'s `dir` mode. The core `http`/`https` commands don't have any dependencies, but the `httpie`
+command (due to the underlying `httpie cli plugins` interface) explicitly depends to the system Python (through `python3`/`python3-pip`).
+
+## Overall process
+
+The [`Release as Standalone Linux Binary`](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/actions/workflows/release-linux-standalone.yml) will be automatically
+triggered when a new release is created, and it will submit the `.deb` package as a release asset.
+
+For making that asset available for all debian users, the release manager needs to go to the [`httpie/debian.httpie.io`](https://github.com/httpie/debian.httpie.io) repo
+and trigger the [`Update Index`](https://github.com/httpie/debian.httpie.io/actions/workflows/update-index.yml) action. It will automatically
+scrape all new debian packages from the release assets, properly update the indexes and create a new PR ([an example](https://github.com/httpie/debian.httpie.io/pull/1))
+which then will become active when merged.

docs/packaging/linux-fedora/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# HTTPie on Fedora
+
+Welcome to the documentation about **packaging HTTPie for Fedora**.
+
+- If you do not know HTTPie, have a look [here](https://httpie.io/cli).
+- If you are looking for HTTPie installation or upgrade instructions on Fedora, then you can find them on [that page](https://httpie.io/docs#fedora).
+- If you are looking for technical information about the HTTPie packaging on Fedora, then you are in a good place.
+
+## About
+
+This document contains technical details, where we describe how to create a patch for the latest HTTPie version for Fedora.
+We will discuss setting up the environment, installing development tools, installing and testing changes before submitting a patch downstream.
+
+The current maintainer is [Miro Hrončok](https://github.com/hroncok).
+
+## Overall process
+
+We added the [.packit.yaml](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/blob/master/.packit.yaml) local file.
+It unlocks real-time Fedora checks on pull requests and new releases.
+
+So there is nothing to do on our side: `Packit` will see the new release and open a pull request [there](https://src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/httpie). Then, the Fedora maintainer will review and merge.
+
+It is also possible to follow [user feedbacks](https://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/?packages=httpie) for all builds.
+
+## Q/A with Miro
+
+Q: What would the command to install the latest stable version look like?
+
+A: Assuming the latest stable version is already propagated to Fedora:
+
+```bash
+# Note that yum is an alias to dnf.
+$ sudo dnf install httpie
+```
+
+Q: Will dnf/yum upgrade then update to the latest?
+
+A: Yes, assuming the same as above.
+
+Q: Are new versions backported automatically?
+
+A: No. The process is:
+
+1. A new HTTPie release is created on Github.
+2. A pull request for Fedora `rawhide` (the development version of Fedora, currently Fedora 36) is created.
+3. A Fedora packager (usually Miro) sanity checks the pull request and merges, builds. HTTPie is updated in `rawhide` within 24 hours (sometimes more, for unrelated issues).
+4. A Fedora packager decides whether the upgrade is suitable for stable Fedora releases (currently 35, 34, 33), if so, merges the changes there.
+5. (if the above is yes) The new version of HTTPie lands in `updates-testing` repo where it waits for user feedback and lands within ~1 week for broad availability.

docs/packaging/linux-fedora/httpie.spec.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,270 @@
+Name:           httpie
+Version:        3.1.0
+Release:        1%{?dist}
+Summary:        A Curl-like tool for humans
+
+License:        BSD
+URL:            https://httpie.org/
+Source0:        https://github.com/httpie/httpie/archive/%{version}/%{name}-%{version}.tar.gz
+
+BuildArch:      noarch
+
+BuildRequires:  python3-devel
+BuildRequires:  pyproject-rpm-macros
+
+BuildRequires:  help2man
+
+%description
+HTTPie is a CLI HTTP utility built out of frustration with existing tools. The
+goal is to make CLI interaction with HTTP-based services as human-friendly as
+possible.
+
+HTTPie does so by providing an http command that allows for issuing arbitrary
+HTTP requests using a simple and natural syntax and displaying colorized
+responses.
+
+
+%prep
+%autosetup -p1
+
+
+%generate_buildrequires
+%pyproject_buildrequires -rx test
+
+
+%build
+%pyproject_wheel
+
+
+%install
+%pyproject_install
+%pyproject_save_files httpie
+
+# Bash completion
+mkdir -p %{buildroot}%{_datadir}/bash-completion/completions
+cp -a extras/httpie-completion.bash %{buildroot}%{_datadir}/bash-completion/completions/http
+ln -s ./http %{buildroot}%{_datadir}/bash-completion/completions/https
+
+# Fish completion
+mkdir -p %{buildroot}%{_datadir}/fish/vendor_completions.d/
+cp -a extras/httpie-completion.fish %{buildroot}%{_datadir}/fish/vendor_completions.d/http.fish
+ln -s ./http.fish %{buildroot}%{_datadir}/fish/vendor_completions.d/https.fish
+
+
+# Generate man pages for everything
+export PYTHONPATH=%{buildroot}%{python3_sitelib}
+mkdir -p %{buildroot}%{_mandir}/man1
+help2man %{buildroot}%{_bindir}/http > %{buildroot}%{_mandir}/man1/http.1
+help2man %{buildroot}%{_bindir}/https > %{buildroot}%{_mandir}/man1/https.1
+help2man %{buildroot}%{_bindir}/httpie > %{buildroot}%{_mandir}/man1/httpie.1
+
+
+%check
+%pytest -v
+
+
+%files -f %{pyproject_files}
+%doc README.md
+%license LICENSE
+%{_bindir}/http
+%{_bindir}/https
+%{_bindir}/httpie
+%{_mandir}/man1/http.1*
+%{_mandir}/man1/https.1*
+%{_mandir}/man1/httpie.1*
+# we co-own the entire directory structures for bash/fish completion to avoid a dependency
+%{_datadir}/bash-completion/
+%{_datadir}/fish/
+
+
+%changelog
+* Tue Mar 08 2022 Miro Hrončok <mhroncok@redhat.com> - 3.1.0-1
+- Update to 3.1.0
+- Fixes: rhbz#2061597
+
+* Mon Jan 24 2022 Miro Hrončok <mhroncok@redhat.com> - 3.0.2-1
+- Update to 3.0.2
+- Fixes: rhbz#2044572
+
+* Mon Jan 24 2022 Miro Hrončok <mhroncok@redhat.com> - 3.0.1-1
+- Update to 3.0.1
+- Fixes: rhbz#2044058
+
+* Fri Jan 21 2022 Miro Hrončok <mhroncok@redhat.com> - 3.0.0-1
+- Update to 3.0.0
+- Fixes: rhbz#2043680
+
+* Thu Jan 20 2022 Fedora Release Engineering <releng@fedoraproject.org> - 2.6.0-2
+- Rebuilt for https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Fedora_36_Mass_Rebuild
+
+* Fri Oct 15 2021 Miro Hrončok <mhroncok@redhat.com> - 2.6.0-1
+- Update to 2.6.0
+- Fixes: rhbz#2014022
+
+* Tue Sep 07 2021 Miro Hrončok <mhroncok@redhat.com> - 2.5.0-1
+- Update to 2.5.0
+- Fixes: rhbz#2001693
+
+* Thu Jul 22 2021 Fedora Release Engineering <releng@fedoraproject.org> - 2.4.0-4
+- Rebuilt for https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Fedora_35_Mass_Rebuild
+
+* Fri Jun 04 2021 Python Maint <python-maint@redhat.com> - 2.4.0-3
+- Rebuilt for Python 3.10
+
+* Thu May 27 2021 Miro Hrončok <mhroncok@redhat.com> - 2.4.0-2
+- Add Bash and Fish completion
+- Fixes rhbz#1834441
+- Run tests on build time
+
+* Wed Mar 24 2021 Mikel Olasagasti Uranga <mikel@olasagasti.info> - 2.4.0-1
+- Update to 2.4.0
+- Use pypi_source macro
+
+* Tue Jan 26 2021 Fedora Release Engineering <releng@fedoraproject.org> - 2.3.0-3
+- Rebuilt for https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Fedora_34_Mass_Rebuild
+
+* Thu Jan 21 2021 Nils Philippsen <nils@tiptoe.de> - 2.3.0-2
+- use macros for Python dependencies
+- add missing Python dependencies needed for running help2man
+- remove manual Python dependencies
+- discard stderr when running help2man
+
+* Thu Dec 24 2020 Nils Philippsen <nils@tiptoe.de> - 2.3.0-1
+- version 2.3.0
+- Python 2 is no more
+- use %%autosetup and Python build macros
+- remove EL7-isms
+- explicitly require sed for building
+
+* Tue Jul 28 2020 Fedora Release Engineering <releng@fedoraproject.org> - 1.0.3-4
+- Rebuilt for https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Fedora_33_Mass_Rebuild
+
+* Tue May 26 2020 Miro Hrončok <mhroncok@redhat.com> - 1.0.3-3
+- Rebuilt for Python 3.9
+
+* Wed Jan 29 2020 Fedora Release Engineering <releng@fedoraproject.org> - 1.0.3-2
+- Rebuilt for https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Fedora_32_Mass_Rebuild
+
+* Mon Sep 30 2019 Rick Elrod <relrod@redhat.com> - 1.0.3-1
+- Latest upstream
+
+* Mon Aug 19 2019 Miro Hrončok <mhroncok@redhat.com> - 0.9.4-15
+- Rebuilt for Python 3.8
+
+* Thu Jul 25 2019 Fedora Release Engineering <releng@fedoraproject.org> - 0.9.4-14
+- Rebuilt for https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Fedora_31_Mass_Rebuild
+
+* Fri Feb 01 2019 Fedora Release Engineering <releng@fedoraproject.org> - 0.9.4-13
+- Rebuilt for https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Fedora_30_Mass_Rebuild
+
+* Fri Jul 13 2018 Fedora Release Engineering <releng@fedoraproject.org> - 0.9.4-12
+- Rebuilt for https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Fedora_29_Mass_Rebuild
+
+* Tue Jun 19 2018 Miro Hrončok <mhroncok@redhat.com> - 0.9.4-11
+- Rebuilt for Python 3.7
+
+* Wed Feb 07 2018 Fedora Release Engineering <releng@fedoraproject.org> - 0.9.4-10
+- Rebuilt for https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Fedora_28_Mass_Rebuild
+
+* Wed Jul 26 2017 Fedora Release Engineering <releng@fedoraproject.org> - 0.9.4-9
+- Rebuilt for https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Fedora_27_Mass_Rebuild
+
+* Fri Mar 10 2017 Ralph Bean <rbean@redhat.com> - 0.9.4-8
+- Fix help2man usage with python3.
+  https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1430733
+
+* Mon Feb 27 2017 Ralph Bean <rbean@redhat.com> - 0.9.4-7
+- Fix missing Requires.  https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1417730
+
+* Fri Feb 10 2017 Fedora Release Engineering <releng@fedoraproject.org> - 0.9.4-6
+- Rebuilt for https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Fedora_26_Mass_Rebuild
+
+* Mon Jan 2 2017 Ricky Elrod <relrod@redhat.com> - 0.9.4-5
+- Add missing Obsoletes.
+
+* Mon Jan 2 2017 Ricky Elrod <relrod@redhat.com> - 0.9.4-4
+- Nuke python-version-specific subpackages. Just use py3 if we can.
+
+* Mon Dec 19 2016 Miro Hrončok <mhroncok@redhat.com> - 0.9.4-3
+- Rebuild for Python 3.6
+
+* Tue Jul 19 2016 Fedora Release Engineering <rel-eng@lists.fedoraproject.org> - 0.9.4-2
+- https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/Automatic_Provides_for_Python_RPM_Packages
+
+* Tue Jul 05 2016 Ricky Elrod <relrod@redhat.com> - 0.9.4-1
+- Update to latest upstream.
+
+* Fri Jun 03 2016 Ricky Elrod <relrod@redhat.com> - 0.9.3-4
+- Add proper Obsoletes for rhbz#1329226.
+
+* Wed Feb 03 2016 Fedora Release Engineering <releng@fedoraproject.org> - 0.9.3-3
+- Rebuilt for https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Fedora_24_Mass_Rebuild
+
+* Mon Jan 04 2016 Ralph Bean <rbean@redhat.com> - 0.9.3-2
+- Modernize python macros and subpackaging.
+- Move LICENSE to %%license macro.
+- Make python3 the default on modern Fedora.
+
+* Mon Jan 04 2016 Ralph Bean <rbean@redhat.com> - 0.9.3-1
+- new version
+
+* Tue Nov 10 2015 Fedora Release Engineering <rel-eng@lists.fedoraproject.org> - 0.9.2-3
+- Rebuilt for https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/python3.5
+
+* Wed Jun 17 2015 Fedora Release Engineering <rel-eng@lists.fedoraproject.org> - 0.9.2-2
+- Rebuilt for https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Fedora_23_Mass_Rebuild
+
+* Thu Mar 26 2015 Ricky Elrod <relrod@redhat.com> - 0.9.2-1
+- Latest upstream release.
+
+* Sat Jun 07 2014 Fedora Release Engineering <rel-eng@lists.fedoraproject.org> - 0.8.0-3
+- Rebuilt for https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Fedora_21_Mass_Rebuild
+
+* Wed May 28 2014 Kalev Lember <kalevlember@gmail.com> - 0.8.0-2
+- Rebuilt for https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/Python_3.4
+
+* Fri Jan 31 2014 Ricky Elrod <codeblock@fedoraproject.org> - 0.8.0-1
+- Latest upstream release.
+
+* Fri Oct 4 2013 Ricky Elrod <codeblock@fedoraproject.org> - 0.7.2-2
+- Add in patch to work without having python-requests 2.0.0.
+
+* Sat Sep 28 2013 Ricky Elrod <codeblock@fedoraproject.org> - 0.7.2-1
+- Latest upstream release.
+
+* Thu Sep 5 2013 Ricky Elrod <codeblock@fedoraproject.org> - 0.6.0-7
+- Only try building the manpage on Fedora, since RHEL's help2man doesn't
+  have the --no-discard-stderr flag.
+
+* Thu Sep 5 2013 Ricky Elrod <codeblock@fedoraproject.org> - 0.6.0-6
+- Loosen the requirement on python-pygments.
+
+* Sat Aug 03 2013 Fedora Release Engineering <rel-eng@lists.fedoraproject.org> - 0.6.0-5
+- Rebuilt for https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Fedora_20_Mass_Rebuild
+
+* Tue Jul 2 2013 Ricky Elrod <codeblock@fedoraproject.org> - 0.6.0-4
+- python-requests 1.2.3 exists in rawhide now.
+
+* Sun Jun 30 2013 Ricky Elrod <codeblock@fedoraproject.org> - 0.6.0-3
+- Patch to use python-requests 1.1.0 for now.
+
+* Sat Jun 29 2013 Ricky Elrod <codeblock@fedoraproject.org> - 0.6.0-2
+- Update to latest upstream release.
+
+* Mon Apr 29 2013 Ricky Elrod <codeblock@fedoraproject.org> - 0.5.0-2
+- Fix changelog messup.
+
+* Mon Apr 29 2013 Ricky Elrod <codeblock@fedoraproject.org> - 0.5.0-1
+- Update to latest upstream release.
+
+* Mon Apr 8 2013 Ricky Elrod <codeblock@fedoraproject.org> - 0.4.1-3
+- Fix manpage generation by exporting PYTHONPATH.
+
+* Tue Mar 26 2013 Ricky Elrod <codeblock@fedoraproject.org> - 0.4.1-2
+- Include Python3 support, and fix other review blockers.
+
+* Mon Mar 11 2013 Ricky Elrod <codeblock@fedoraproject.org> - 0.4.1-1
+- Update to latest upstream release
+
+* Thu Jul 19 2012 Ricky Elrod <codeblock@fedoraproject.org> - 0.2.5-1
+- Initial build.

docs/packaging/linux-fedora/update.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -xe
+
+rm -f httpie.spec.txt
+https --download src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/httpie/raw/rawhide/f/httpie.spec -o httpie.spec.txt

docs/packaging/mac-ports/Portfile

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8; mode: tcl; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- vim:fenc=utf-8::et:sw=4:ts=4:sts=4
+
+PortSystem          1.0
+PortGroup           github 1.0
+PortGroup           python 1.0
+
+github.setup        httpie httpie 2.6.0
+
+maintainers         {g5pw @g5pw} openmaintainer
+categories          net
+description         Modern, user-friendly command-line HTTP client for the API era
+long_description    HTTPie (pronounced aych-tee-tee-pie) is a command line HTTP \
+                    client. Its goal is to make CLI interaction with web \
+                    services as human-friendly as possible. It provides a simple \
+                    http command that allows for sending arbitrary HTTP requests \
+                    using a simple and natural syntax, and displays colorized \
+                    responses. HTTPie can be used for testing, debugging, and \
+                    generally interacting with HTTP servers.
+platforms           darwin
+license             BSD
+homepage            https://httpie.io/
+
+variant python37 conflicts python36 python38 python39 python310 description "Use Python 3.7" {}
+variant python38 conflicts python36 python37 python39 python310 description "Use Python 3.8" {}
+variant python39 conflicts python36 python37 python38 python310 description "Use Python 3.9" {}
+variant python310 conflicts python36 python37 python38 python39 description "Use Python 3.10" {}
+
+if {[variant_isset python37]} {
+    python.default_version 37
+} elseif {[variant_isset python39]} {
+    python.default_version 39
+} elseif {[variant_isset python310]} {
+    python.default_version 310
+} else {
+    default_variants +python38
+    python.default_version 38
+}
+
+depends_lib-append  port:py${python.version}-requests \
+                    port:py${python.version}-requests-toolbelt \
+                    port:py${python.version}-pygments \
+                    port:py${python.version}-socks \
+                    port:py${python.version}-charset-normalizer \
+                    port:py${python.version}-defusedxml
+
+checksums           rmd160  07b1d1592da1c505ed3ee4ef3b6056215e16e9ff \
+                    sha256  63cf104bf3552305c68a74f16494a90172b15296610a875e17918e5e36373c0b \
+                    size    1133491
+
+python.link_binaries_suffix

docs/packaging/mac-ports/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# HTTPie on MacPorts
+
+Welcome to the documentation about **packaging HTTPie for MacPorts**.
+
+- If you do not know HTTPie, have a look [here](https://httpie.io/cli).
+- If you are looking for HTTPie installation or upgrade instructions on MacPorts, then you can find them on [that page](https://httpie.io/docs#macports).
+- If you are looking for technical information about the HTTPie packaging on MacPorts, then you are in a good place.
+
+## About
+
+This document contains technical details, where we describe how to create a patch for the latest HTTPie version for MacPorts.
+We will discuss setting up the environment, installing development tools, installing and testing changes before submitting a patch downstream.
+
+## Overall process
+
+Open a pull request to update the [downstream file](https://github.com/macports/macports-ports/blob/master/net/httpie/Portfile) ([example](https://github.com/macports/macports-ports/pull/12583)).
+
+- Here is how to calculate the size and checksums (replace `2.5.0` with the correct version):
+
+  ```bash
+  # Download the archive
+  $ wget https://api.github.com/repos/httpie/httpie/tarball/2.5.0
+
+  # Size
+  $ stat --printf="%s\n" 2.5.0
+  1105185
+
+  # Checksums
+  $ openssl dgst -rmd160 2.5.0
+  RIPEMD160(2.5.0)= 88d227d52199c232c0ddf704a219d1781b1e77ee
+  $ openssl dgst -sha256 2.5.0
+  SHA256(2.5.0)= 00c4b7bbe7f65abe1473f37b39d9d9f8f53f44069a430ad143a404c01c2179fc
+  ```
+
+- The commit message must be `httpie: update to XXX`.
+- The commit must be signed-off (`git commit -s`).
+
+## Hacking
+
+:construction: Work in progress.

docs/packaging/snapcraft/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+# HTTPie on Snapcraft
+
+Welcome to the documentation about **packaging HTTPie for Snapcraft**.
+
+- If you do not know HTTPie, have a look [here](https://httpie.io/cli).
+- If you are looking for HTTPie installation or upgrade instructions on Snapcraft, then you can find them on [that page](https://httpie.io/docs#snapcraft-linux) ([that one](https://httpie.io/docs#snapcraft-macos) for macOS).
+- If you are looking for technical information about the HTTPie packaging on Snapcraft, then you are in a good place.
+
+## About
+
+This document contains technical details, where we describe how to create a patch for the latest HTTPie version for Snapcraft. They apply to Snapcraft on Linux, macOS, and Windows.
+We will discuss setting up the environment, installing development tools, installing and testing changes before submitting a patch downstream.
+
+## Overall process
+
+Trigger the [`Release on Snap`](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/actions/workflows/release-snap.yml) action, which will
+create a snap package for HTTPie and then push it to Snap Store in the following channels:
+
+- Edge
+- Beta
+- Candidate
+- Stable
+
+If a push to any of them fail, all the release tasks for the following channels will be cancelled so that the
+release manager can look into the underlying cause.
+
+## Hacking
+
+Launch the docker image:
+
+```bash
+docker pull ubuntu/latest
+docker run -it --rm ubuntu/latest
+```
+
+From inside the container:
+
+```bash
+# Clone
+git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/httpie/httpie.git
+cd httpie
+
+# Build
+export SNAPCRAFT_BUILD_ENVIRONMENT_CPU=8
+export SNAPCRAFT_BUILD_ENVIRONMENT_MEMORY=16G
+snapcraft --debug
+
+# Install
+sudo snap install --dangerous httpie_XXX_amd64.snap
+
+# Test
+httpie.http --version
+httpie.https --version
+# Auto-aliases cannot be tested when installing a snap outside the store.
+# http --version
+# https --version
+
+# Remove
+sudo snap remove httpie
+```

docs/packaging/windows-chocolatey/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# HTTPie on Chocolatey
+
+Welcome to the documentation about **packaging HTTPie for Chocolatey**.
+
+- If you do not know HTTPie, have a look [here](https://httpie.io/cli).
+- If you are looking for HTTPie installation or upgrade instructions on Chocolatey, then you can find them on [that page](https://httpie.io/docs#chocolatey).
+- If you are looking for technical information about the HTTPie packaging on Chocolatey, then you are in a good place.
+
+## About
+
+This document contains technical details, where we describe how to create a patch for the latest HTTPie version for Chocolatey.
+We will discuss setting up the environment, installing development tools, installing and testing changes before submitting a patch downstream.
+
+## Overall process
+
+After having successfully [built and tested](#hacking) the package, either trigger the
+[`Release on Chocolatey`](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/actions/workflows/release-choco.yml) action
+to push it to the `Chocolatey` store or use the CLI:
+
+```bash
+# Replace 2.5.0 with the correct version
+choco push httpie.2.5.0.nupkg -s https://push.chocolatey.org/ --api-key=API_KEY
+```
+
+Be aware that it might take multiple days until the release is approved, sine it goes through multiple
+sets of reviews (some of them are done manually).
+
+## Hacking
+
+```bash
+# Clone
+git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/httpie/httpie.git
+cd httpie/docs/packaging/windows-chocolatey
+
+# Build
+choco pack
+
+# Check metadata
+choco info httpie -s .
+
+# Install
+choco install httpie -y -dv -s "'.;https://community.chocolatey.org/api/v2/'"
+
+# Test
+http --version
+https --version
+
+# Remove
+choco uninstall -y httpie
+```

docs/packaging/windows-chocolatey/httpie.nuspec

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<package xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/packaging/2015/06/nuspec.xsd">
+	<metadata>
+		<id>httpie</id>
+		<version>3.2.1</version>
+		<summary>Modern, user-friendly command-line HTTP client for the API era</summary>
+		<description>
+HTTPie *aitch-tee-tee-pie* is a user-friendly command-line HTTP client for the API era.
+It comes with JSON support, syntax highlighting, persistent sessions, wget-like downloads, plugins, and more.
+
+The project's goal is to make CLI interaction with web services as human-friendly as possible. HTTPie is designed for testing, debugging, and generally interacting with APIs and HTTP servers.
+The `http` and `https` commands allow for creating and sending arbitrary HTTP requests. They use simple and natural syntax and provide formatted and colorized output.
+
+Main features:
+
+- Built-in JSON support
+- Colorized and formatted terminal output
+- Sensible defaults for the API era
+- Persistent sessions
+- Forms and file uploads
+- HTTPS, proxies, and authentication support
+- Support for arbitrary request data and headers
+- Wget-like downloads
+- Extensions API
+- Expressive and intuitive syntax
+- Linux, macOS, Windows, and FreeBSD support
+- All that and more in 2 simple commands: `http` + `https`
+		</description>
+		<title>HTTPie</title>
+		<authors>HTTPie</authors>
+		<owners>jakubroztocil</owners>
+		<copyright>2012-2022 Jakub Roztocil</copyright>
+		<licenseUrl>https://raw.githubusercontent.com/httpie/httpie/master/LICENSE</licenseUrl>
+		<iconUrl>https://pie-assets.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/LogoIcons/GB.png</iconUrl>
+		<requireLicenseAcceptance>false</requireLicenseAcceptance>
+		<releaseNotes>See the [changelog](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/releases/tag/3.2.0).</releaseNotes>
+		<tags>httpie http https rest api client curl python ssl cli foss oss url</tags>
+		<projectUrl>https://httpie.io</projectUrl>
+		<packageSourceUrl>https://github.com/httpie/httpie/tree/master/docs/packaging/windows-chocolatey</packageSourceUrl>
+		<projectSourceUrl>https://github.com/httpie/httpie</projectSourceUrl>
+		<docsUrl>https://httpie.io/docs</docsUrl>
+		<bugTrackerUrl>https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues</bugTrackerUrl>
+		<dependencies>
+			<dependency id="python3" version="3.7" />
+		</dependencies>
+	</metadata>
+	<files>
+		<file src="tools\**" target="tools" />
+	</files>
+</package>

docs/packaging/windows-chocolatey/tools/chocolateyinstall.ps1

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+$ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop';
+py -m pip install $env:ChocolateyPackageName==$env:ChocolateyPackageVersion --disable-pip-version-check

docs/packaging/windows-chocolatey/tools/chocolateyuninstall.ps1

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+$ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop';
+py -m pip uninstall -y $env:ChocolateyPackageName --disable-pip-version-check

extras/httpie-completion.bash

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+_http_complete() {
+    local cur_word=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
+    local prev_word=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD - 1]}
+
+    if [[ "$cur_word" == -* ]]; then
+        _http_complete_options "$cur_word"
+    fi
+}
+
+complete -o default -F _http_complete http httpie.http httpie.https https
+
+_http_complete_options() {
+    local cur_word=$1
+    local options="-j --json -f --form --pretty -s --style -p --print
+    -v --verbose -h --headers -b --body -S --stream -o --output -d --download
+    -c --continue --session --session-read-only -a --auth --auth-type --proxy
+    --follow --verify --cert --cert-key --timeout --check-status --ignore-stdin
+    --help --version --traceback --debug --raw"
+    COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W "$options" -- "$cur_word" ) )
+}

extras/httpie-completion.fish

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+function __fish_httpie_styles
+    printf '%s\n' abap algol algol_nu arduino auto autumn borland bw colorful default emacs friendly fruity gruvbox-dark gruvbox-light igor inkpot lovelace manni material monokai murphy native paraiso-dark paraiso-light pastie perldoc pie pie-dark pie-light rainbow_dash rrt sas solarized solarized-dark solarized-light stata stata-dark stata-light tango trac vim vs xcode zenburn
+end
+
+function __fish_httpie_mime_types
+    test -r /usr/share/mime/types && cat /usr/share/mime/types
+end
+
+function __fish_httpie_print_args
+    set -l arg (commandline -t)
+    string match -qe H "$arg" || echo -e $arg"H\trequest headers"
+    string match -qe B "$arg" || echo -e $arg"B\trequest body"
+    string match -qe h "$arg" || echo -e $arg"h\tresponse headers"
+    string match -qe b "$arg" || echo -e $arg"b\tresponse body"
+    string match -qe m "$arg" || echo -e $arg"m\tresponse metadata"
+end
+
+function __fish_httpie_auth_types
+    echo -e "basic\tBasic HTTP auth"
+    echo -e "digest\tDigest HTTP auth"
+    echo -e "bearer\tBearer HTTP Auth"
+end
+
+function __fish_http_verify_options
+    echo -e "yes\tEnable cert verification"
+    echo -e "no\tDisable cert verification"
+end
+
+
+# Predefined Content Types
+
+complete -c http -s j -l json         -d 'Data items are serialized as a JSON object'
+complete -c http -s f -l form         -d 'Data items are serialized as form fields'
+complete -c http      -l multipart    -d 'Always sends a multipart/form-data request'
+complete -c http      -l boundary  -x -d 'Custom boundary string for multipart/form-data requests'
+complete -c http      -l raw       -x -d 'Pass raw request data without extra processing'
+
+
+# Content Processing Options
+
+complete -c http -s x -l compress -d 'Content compressed with Deflate algorithm'
+
+
+# Output Processing
+
+complete -c http      -l pretty           -xa "all colors format none"     -d 'Controls output processing'
+complete -c http -s s -l style            -xa "(__fish_httpie_styles)"     -d 'Output coloring style'
+complete -c http      -l unsorted                                          -d 'Disables all sorting while formatting output'
+complete -c http      -l sorted                                            -d 'Re-enables all sorting options while formatting output'
+complete -c http      -l response-charset -x                               -d 'Override the response encoding'
+complete -c http      -l response-mime    -xa "(__fish_httpie_mime_types)" -d 'Override the response mime type for coloring and formatting'
+complete -c http      -l format-options   -x                               -d 'Controls output formatting'
+
+
+# Output Options
+
+complete -c http -s p -l print         -xa "(__fish_httpie_print_args)" -d 'String specifying what the output should contain'
+complete -c http -s h -l headers                                        -d 'Print only the response headers'
+complete -c http -s m -l meta                                           -d 'Print only the response metadata'
+complete -c http -s b -l body                                           -d 'Print only the response body'
+complete -c http -s v -l verbose                                        -d 'Print the whole request as well as the response'
+complete -c http      -l all                                            -d 'Show any intermediary requests/responses'
+complete -c http -s S -l stream                                         -d 'Always stream the response body by line'
+complete -c http -s o -l output        -F                               -d 'Save output to FILE'
+complete -c http -s d -l download                                       -d 'Download a file'
+complete -c http -s c -l continue                                       -d 'Resume an interrupted download'
+complete -c http -s q -l quiet                                          -d 'Do not print to stdout or stderr'
+
+
+# Sessions
+
+complete -c http -l session           -F -d 'Create, or reuse and update a session'
+complete -c http -l session-read-only -F -d 'Create or read a session without updating it'
+
+
+# Authentication
+
+complete -c http -s a -l auth         -x                               -d 'Username and password for authentication'
+complete -c http -s A -l auth-type    -xa "(__fish_httpie_auth_types)" -d 'The authentication mechanism to be used'
+complete -c http      -l ignore-netrc                                  -d 'Ignore credentials from .netrc'
+
+
+# Network
+
+complete -c http      -l offline          -d 'Build the request and print it but don\'t actually send it'
+complete -c http      -l proxy         -x -d 'String mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy'
+complete -c http -s F -l follow           -d 'Follow 30x Location redirects'
+complete -c http      -l max-redirects -x -d 'Set maximum number of redirects'
+complete -c http      -l max-headers   -x -d 'Maximum number of response headers to be read before giving up'
+complete -c http      -l timeout       -x -d 'Connection timeout in seconds'
+complete -c http      -l check-status     -d 'Error with non-200 HTTP status code'
+complete -c http      -l path-as-is       -d 'Bypass dot segment URL squashing'
+complete -c http      -l chunked          -d 'Enable streaming via chunked transfer encoding'
+
+
+# SSL
+
+complete -c http -l verify        -xa "(__fish_http_verify_options)" -d 'Enable/disable cert verification'
+complete -c http -l ssl           -x                                 -d 'Desired protocol version to use'
+complete -c http -l ciphers       -x                                 -d 'String in the OpenSSL cipher list format'
+complete -c http -l cert          -F                                 -d 'Client side SSL certificate'
+complete -c http -l cert-key      -F                                 -d 'Private key to use with SSL'
+complete -c http -l cert-key-pass -x                                 -d 'Passphrase for the given private key'
+
+
+# Troubleshooting
+
+complete -c http -s I -l ignore-stdin      -d 'Do not attempt to read stdin'
+complete -c http      -l help              -d 'Show help'
+complete -c http      -l manual            -d 'Show the full manual'
+complete -c http      -l version           -d 'Show version'
+complete -c http      -l traceback         -d 'Prints exception traceback should one occur'
+complete -c http      -l default-scheme -x -d 'The default scheme to use'
+complete -c http      -l debug             -d 'Show debugging output'

extras/man/http.1

@@ -0,0 +1,598 @@
+.\" This file is auto-generated from the parser declaration in httpie/cli/definition.py by extras/scripts/generate_man_pages.py.
+.TH http 1 "2022-05-06" "HTTPie 3.2.1" "HTTPie Manual"
+.SH NAME
+http
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+http [METHOD] URL [REQUEST_ITEM ...]
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+HTTPie: modern, user-friendly command-line HTTP client for the API era. <https://httpie.io>
+.SH Positional arguments
+
+These arguments come after any flags and in the order they are listed here.
+Only URL is required.
+
+.IP "\fB\,METHOD\/\fR"
+
+
+The HTTP method to be used for the request (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, ...).
+
+This argument can be omitted in which case HTTPie will use POST if there
+is some data to be sent, otherwise GET:
+
+    $ http example.org               # => GET
+    $ http example.org hello=world   # => POST
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,URL\/\fR"
+
+
+The request URL. Scheme defaults to \[aq]http://\[aq] if the URL
+does not include one. (You can override this with: \fB\,--default-scheme\/\fR=http/https)
+
+You can also use a shorthand for localhost
+
+    $ http :3000                    # => http://localhost:3000
+    $ http :/foo                    # => http://localhost/foo
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,REQUEST_ITEM\/\fR"
+
+
+Optional key-value pairs to be included in the request. The separator used
+determines the type:
+
+\[aq]:\[aq] HTTP headers:
+
+    Referer:https://httpie.io  Cookie:foo=bar  User-Agent:bacon/1.0
+
+\[aq]==\[aq] URL parameters to be appended to the request URI:
+
+    search==httpie
+
+\[aq]=\[aq] Data fields to be serialized into a JSON object (with \fB\,--json\/\fR, \fB\,-j\/\fR)
+    or form data (with \fB\,--form\/\fR, \fB\,-f\/\fR):
+
+    name=HTTPie  language=Python  description=\[aq]CLI HTTP client\[aq]
+
+\[aq]:=\[aq] Non-string JSON data fields (only with \fB\,--json\/\fR, \fB\,-j\/\fR):
+
+    awesome:=true  amount:=42  colors:=\[aq][\[dq]red\[dq], \[dq]green\[dq], \[dq]blue\[dq]]\[aq]
+
+\[aq]@\[aq] Form file fields (only with \fB\,--form\/\fR or \fB\,--multipart\/\fR):
+
+    cv@\(ti/Documents/CV.pdf
+    cv@\[aq]\(ti/Documents/CV.pdf;type=application/pdf\[aq]
+
+\[aq]=@\[aq] A data field like \[aq]=\[aq], but takes a file path and embeds its content:
+
+    essay=@Documents/essay.txt
+
+\[aq]:=@\[aq] A raw JSON field like \[aq]:=\[aq], but takes a file path and embeds its content:
+
+    package:=@./package.json
+
+You can use a backslash to escape a colliding separator in the field name:
+
+    field-name-with\e:colon=value
+
+
+
+.PP
+.SH Predefined content types
+.IP "\fB\,--json\/\fR, \fB\,-j\/\fR"
+
+
+(default) Data items from the command line are serialized as a JSON object.
+The Content-Type and Accept headers are set to application/json
+(if not specified).
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--form\/\fR, \fB\,-f\/\fR"
+
+
+Data items from the command line are serialized as form fields.
+
+The Content-Type is set to application/x-www-form-urlencoded (if not
+specified). The presence of any file fields results in a
+multipart/form-data request.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--multipart\/\fR"
+
+
+Similar to \fB\,--form\/\fR, but always sends a multipart/form-data request (i.e., even without files).
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--boundary\/\fR"
+
+
+Specify a custom boundary string for multipart/form-data requests. Only has effect only together with \fB\,--form\/\fR.
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--raw\/\fR"
+
+
+This option allows you to pass raw request data without extra processing
+(as opposed to the structured request items syntax):
+
+    $ http \fB\,--raw\/\fR=\[aq]data\[aq] pie.dev/post
+
+You can achieve the same by piping the data via stdin:
+
+    $ echo data | http pie.dev/post
+
+Or have HTTPie load the raw data from a file:
+
+    $ http pie.dev/post @data.txt
+
+
+
+
+.PP
+.SH Content processing options
+.IP "\fB\,--compress\/\fR, \fB\,-x\/\fR"
+
+
+Content compressed (encoded) with Deflate algorithm.
+The Content-Encoding header is set to deflate.
+
+Compression is skipped if it appears that compression ratio is
+negative. Compression can be forced by repeating the argument.
+
+
+
+.PP
+.SH Output processing
+.IP "\fB\,--pretty\/\fR"
+
+
+Controls output processing. The value can be \[dq]none\[dq] to not prettify
+the output (default for redirected output), \[dq]all\[dq] to apply both colors
+and formatting (default for terminal output), \[dq]colors\[dq], or \[dq]format\[dq].
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--style\/\fR, \fB\,-s\/\fR \fI\,STYLE\/\fR"
+
+
+Output coloring style (default is \[dq]auto\[dq]). It can be one of:
+
+    auto, pie, pie-dark, pie-light, solarized
+
+
+For finding out all available styles in your system, try:
+
+$ http \fB\,--style\/\fR
+
+The \[dq]auto\[dq] style follows your terminal\[aq]s ANSI color styles.
+For non-auto styles to work properly, please make sure that the
+$TERM environment variable is set to \[dq]xterm-256color\[dq] or similar
+(e.g., via `export TERM=xterm-256color\[aq] in your \(ti/.bashrc).
+
+.IP "\fB\,--unsorted\/\fR"
+
+
+Disables all sorting while formatting output. It is a shortcut for:
+
+    \fB\,--format-options\/\fR=headers.sort:false,json.sort_keys:false
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--sorted\/\fR"
+
+
+Re-enables all sorting options while formatting output. It is a shortcut for:
+
+    \fB\,--format-options\/\fR=headers.sort:true,json.sort_keys:true
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--response-charset\/\fR \fI\,ENCODING\/\fR"
+
+
+Override the response encoding for terminal display purposes, e.g.:
+
+    \fB\,--response-charset\/\fR=utf8
+    \fB\,--response-charset\/\fR=big5
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--response-mime\/\fR \fI\,MIME_TYPE\/\fR"
+
+
+Override the response mime type for coloring and formatting for the terminal, e.g.:
+
+    \fB\,--response-mime\/\fR=application/json
+    \fB\,--response-mime\/\fR=text/xml
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--format-options\/\fR"
+
+
+Controls output formatting. Only relevant when formatting is enabled
+through (explicit or implied) \fB\,--pretty\/\fR=all or \fB\,--pretty\/\fR=format.
+The following are the default options:
+
+    headers.sort:true
+    json.format:true
+    json.indent:4
+    json.sort_keys:true
+    xml.format:true
+    xml.indent:2
+
+You may use this option multiple times, as well as specify multiple
+comma-separated options at the same time. For example, this modifies the
+settings to disable the sorting of JSON keys, and sets the indent size to 2:
+
+    \fB\,--format-options\/\fR json.sort_keys:false,json.indent:2
+
+This is something you will typically put into your config file.
+
+
+
+.PP
+.SH Output options
+.IP "\fB\,--print\/\fR, \fB\,-p\/\fR \fI\,WHAT\/\fR"
+
+
+String specifying what the output should contain:
+
+    \[aq]H\[aq] request headers
+    \[aq]B\[aq] request body
+    \[aq]h\[aq] response headers
+    \[aq]b\[aq] response body
+    \[aq]m\[aq] response metadata
+
+The default behaviour is \[aq]hb\[aq] (i.e., the response
+headers and body is printed), if standard output is not redirected.
+If the output is piped to another program or to a file, then only the
+response body is printed by default.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--headers\/\fR, \fB\,-h\/\fR"
+
+
+Print only the response headers. Shortcut for \fB\,--print\/\fR=h.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--meta\/\fR, \fB\,-m\/\fR"
+
+
+Print only the response metadata. Shortcut for \fB\,--print\/\fR=m.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--body\/\fR, \fB\,-b\/\fR"
+
+
+Print only the response body. Shortcut for \fB\,--print\/\fR=b.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--verbose\/\fR, \fB\,-v\/\fR"
+
+
+Verbose output. For the level one (with single `\fB\,-v\/\fR`/`\fB\,--verbose\/\fR`), print
+the whole request as well as the response. Also print any intermediary
+requests/responses (such as redirects). For the second level and higher,
+print these as well as the response metadata.
+
+Level one is a shortcut for: \fB\,--all\/\fR \fB\,--print\/\fR=BHbh
+Level two is a shortcut for: \fB\,--all\/\fR \fB\,--print\/\fR=BHbhm
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--all\/\fR"
+
+
+By default, only the final request/response is shown. Use this flag to show
+any intermediary requests/responses as well. Intermediary requests include
+followed redirects (with \fB\,--follow\/\fR), the first unauthorized request when
+Digest auth is used (\fB\,--auth\/\fR=digest), etc.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--stream\/\fR, \fB\,-S\/\fR"
+
+
+Always stream the response body by line, i.e., behave like `tail \fB\,-f\/\fR\[aq].
+
+Without \fB\,--stream\/\fR and with \fB\,--pretty\/\fR (either set or implied),
+HTTPie fetches the whole response before it outputs the processed data.
+
+Set this option when you want to continuously display a prettified
+long-lived response, such as one from the Twitter streaming API.
+
+It is useful also without \fB\,--pretty\/\fR: It ensures that the output is flushed
+more often and in smaller chunks.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--output\/\fR, \fB\,-o\/\fR \fI\,FILE\/\fR"
+
+
+Save output to FILE instead of stdout. If \fB\,--download\/\fR is also set, then only
+the response body is saved to FILE. Other parts of the HTTP exchange are
+printed to stderr.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--download\/\fR, \fB\,-d\/\fR"
+
+
+Do not print the response body to stdout. Rather, download it and store it
+in a file. The filename is guessed unless specified with \fB\,--output\/\fR
+[filename]. This action is similar to the default behaviour of wget.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--continue\/\fR, \fB\,-c\/\fR"
+
+
+Resume an interrupted download. Note that the \fB\,--output\/\fR option needs to be
+specified as well.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--quiet\/\fR, \fB\,-q\/\fR"
+
+
+Do not print to stdout or stderr, except for errors and warnings when provided once.
+Provide twice to suppress warnings as well.
+stdout is still redirected if \fB\,--output\/\fR is specified.
+Flag doesn\[aq]t affect behaviour of download beyond not printing to terminal.
+
+
+
+.PP
+.SH Sessions
+.IP "\fB\,--session\/\fR \fI\,SESSION_NAME_OR_PATH\/\fR"
+
+
+Create, or reuse and update a session. Within a session, custom headers,
+auth credential, as well as any cookies sent by the server persist between
+requests.
+
+Session files are stored in:
+
+    [HTTPIE_CONFIG_DIR]/<HOST>/<SESSION_NAME>.json.
+
+See the following page to find out your default HTTPIE_CONFIG_DIR:
+
+    https://httpie.io/docs/cli/config-file-directory
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--session-read-only\/\fR \fI\,SESSION_NAME_OR_PATH\/\fR"
+
+
+Create or read a session without updating it form the request/response
+exchange.
+
+
+
+.PP
+.SH Authentication
+.IP "\fB\,--auth\/\fR, \fB\,-a\/\fR \fI\,USER[:PASS] | TOKEN\/\fR"
+
+
+For username/password based authentication mechanisms (e.g
+basic auth or digest auth) if only the username is provided
+(\fB\,-a\/\fR username), HTTPie will prompt for the password.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--auth-type\/\fR, \fB\,-A\/\fR"
+
+
+The authentication mechanism to be used. Defaults to \[dq]basic\[dq].
+
+\[dq]basic\[dq]: Basic HTTP auth
+
+\[dq]digest\[dq]: Digest HTTP auth
+
+\[dq]bearer\[dq]: Bearer HTTP Auth
+
+For finding out all available authentication types in your system, try:
+
+$ http \fB\,--auth-type\/\fR
+
+.IP "\fB\,--ignore-netrc\/\fR"
+
+
+Ignore credentials from .netrc.
+
+
+.PP
+.SH Network
+.IP "\fB\,--offline\/\fR"
+
+
+Build the request and print it but don\(gat actually send it.
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--proxy\/\fR \fI\,PROTOCOL:PROXY_URL\/\fR"
+
+
+String mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy
+(e.g. http:http://foo.bar:3128). You can specify multiple proxies with
+different protocols. The environment variables $ALL_PROXY, $HTTP_PROXY,
+and $HTTPS_proxy are supported as well.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--follow\/\fR, \fB\,-F\/\fR"
+
+
+Follow 30x Location redirects.
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--max-redirects\/\fR"
+
+
+By default, requests have a limit of 30 redirects (works with \fB\,--follow\/\fR).
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--max-headers\/\fR"
+
+
+The maximum number of response headers to be read before giving up (default 0, i.e., no limit).
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--timeout\/\fR \fI\,SECONDS\/\fR"
+
+
+The connection timeout of the request in seconds.
+The default value is 0, i.e., there is no timeout limit.
+This is not a time limit on the entire response download;
+rather, an error is reported if the server has not issued a response for
+timeout seconds (more precisely, if no bytes have been received on
+the underlying socket for timeout seconds).
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--check-status\/\fR"
+
+
+By default, HTTPie exits with 0 when no network or other fatal errors
+occur. This flag instructs HTTPie to also check the HTTP status code and
+exit with an error if the status indicates one.
+
+When the server replies with a 4xx (Client Error) or 5xx (Server Error)
+status code, HTTPie exits with 4 or 5 respectively. If the response is a
+3xx (Redirect) and \fB\,--follow\/\fR hasn\[aq]t been set, then the exit status is 3.
+Also an error message is written to stderr if stdout is redirected.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--path-as-is\/\fR"
+
+
+Bypass dot segment (/../ or /./) URL squashing.
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--chunked\/\fR"
+
+
+Enable streaming via chunked transfer encoding. The Transfer-Encoding header is set to chunked.
+
+
+.PP
+.SH SSL
+.IP "\fB\,--verify\/\fR"
+
+
+Set to \[dq]no\[dq] (or \[dq]false\[dq]) to skip checking the host\[aq]s SSL certificate.
+Defaults to \[dq]yes\[dq] (\[dq]true\[dq]). You can also pass the path to a CA_BUNDLE file
+for private certs. (Or you can set the REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE environment
+variable instead.)
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--ssl\/\fR"
+
+
+The desired protocol version to use. This will default to
+SSL v2.3 which will negotiate the highest protocol that both
+the server and your installation of OpenSSL support. Available protocols
+may vary depending on OpenSSL installation (only the supported ones
+are shown here).
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--ciphers\/\fR"
+
+
+
+A string in the OpenSSL cipher list format. By default, the following
+is used:
+
+ECDHE+AESGCM:ECDHE+CHACHA20:DHE+AESGCM:DHE+CHACHA20:ECDH+AESGCM:DH+AESGCM:ECDH+AES:DH+AES:RSA+AESGCM:RSA+AES:!aNULL:!eNULL:!MD5:!DSS
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--cert\/\fR"
+
+
+You can specify a local cert to use as client side SSL certificate.
+This file may either contain both private key and certificate or you may
+specify \fB\,--cert-key\/\fR separately.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--cert-key\/\fR"
+
+
+The private key to use with SSL. Only needed if \fB\,--cert\/\fR is given and the
+certificate file does not contain the private key.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--cert-key-pass\/\fR"
+
+
+The passphrase to be used to with the given private key. Only needed if \fB\,--cert-key\/\fR
+is given and the key file requires a passphrase.
+If not provided, you\(gall be prompted interactively.
+
+
+.PP
+.SH Troubleshooting
+.IP "\fB\,--ignore-stdin\/\fR, \fB\,-I\/\fR"
+
+
+Do not attempt to read stdin
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--help\/\fR"
+
+
+Show this help message and exit.
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--manual\/\fR"
+
+
+Show the full manual.
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--version\/\fR"
+
+
+Show version and exit.
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--traceback\/\fR"
+
+
+Prints the exception traceback should one occur.
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--default-scheme\/\fR"
+
+
+The default scheme to use if not specified in the URL.
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--debug\/\fR"
+
+
+Prints the exception traceback should one occur, as well as other
+information useful for debugging HTTPie itself and for reporting bugs.
+
+
+
+.PP
+.SH SEE ALSO
+
+For every \fB\,--OPTION\/\fR there is also a \fB\,--no-OPTION\/\fR that reverts OPTION
+to its default value.
+
+Suggestions and bug reports are greatly appreciated:
+https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues

extras/man/httpie.1

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+.\" This file is auto-generated from the parser declaration in httpie/manager/cli.py by extras/scripts/generate_man_pages.py.
+.TH httpie 1 "2022-05-06" "HTTPie 3.2.1" "HTTPie Manual"
+.SH NAME
+httpie
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+httpie
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+
+Managing interface for the HTTPie itself. <https://httpie.io/docs#manager>
+
+Be aware that you might be looking for http/https commands for sending
+HTTP requests. This command is only available for managing the HTTTPie
+plugins and the configuration around it.
+
+
+If you are looking for the man pages of http/https commands, try one of the following:
+    $ man http
+    $ man https
+
+
+.SH httpie cli export-args
+Export available options for the CLI
+.IP "\fB\,-f\/\fR, \fB\,--format\/\fR"
+
+Format to export in.
+
+.PP
+.SH httpie cli check-updates
+Check for updates
+.PP
+.SH httpie cli sessions upgrade
+Upgrade the given HTTPie session with the latest layout. A list of changes between different session versions can be found in the official documentation.
+.IP "\fB\,HOSTNAME\/\fR"
+
+The host this session belongs.
+
+.IP "\fB\,SESSION_NAME_OR_PATH\/\fR"
+
+The name or the path for the session that will be upgraded.
+
+.IP "\fB\,--bind-cookies\/\fR"
+
+Bind domainless cookies to the host that session belongs.
+
+.PP
+.SH httpie cli sessions upgrade-all
+Upgrade all named sessions with the latest layout. A list of changes between different session versions can be found in the official documentation.
+.IP "\fB\,--bind-cookies\/\fR"
+
+Bind domainless cookies to the host that session belongs.
+
+.PP
+.SH httpie cli plugins install
+Install the given targets from PyPI or from a local paths.
+.IP "\fB\,TARGET\/\fR"
+
+targets to install
+
+.PP
+.SH httpie cli plugins upgrade
+Upgrade the given plugins
+.IP "\fB\,TARGET\/\fR"
+
+targets to upgrade
+
+.PP
+.SH httpie cli plugins uninstall
+Uninstall the given HTTPie plugins.
+.IP "\fB\,TARGET\/\fR"
+
+targets to install
+
+.PP
+.SH httpie cli plugins list
+List all installed HTTPie plugins.
+.PP
+.SH httpie plugins install
+Install the given targets from PyPI or from a local paths.
+.IP "\fB\,TARGET\/\fR"
+
+targets to install
+
+.PP
+.SH httpie plugins upgrade
+Upgrade the given plugins
+.IP "\fB\,TARGET\/\fR"
+
+targets to upgrade
+
+.PP
+.SH httpie plugins uninstall
+Uninstall the given HTTPie plugins.
+.IP "\fB\,TARGET\/\fR"
+
+targets to install
+
+.PP
+.SH httpie plugins list
+List all installed HTTPie plugins.
+.PP

extras/man/https.1

@@ -0,0 +1,598 @@
+.\" This file is auto-generated from the parser declaration in httpie/cli/definition.py by extras/scripts/generate_man_pages.py.
+.TH https 1 "2022-05-06" "HTTPie 3.2.1" "HTTPie Manual"
+.SH NAME
+https
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+https [METHOD] URL [REQUEST_ITEM ...]
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+HTTPie: modern, user-friendly command-line HTTP client for the API era. <https://httpie.io>
+.SH Positional arguments
+
+These arguments come after any flags and in the order they are listed here.
+Only URL is required.
+
+.IP "\fB\,METHOD\/\fR"
+
+
+The HTTP method to be used for the request (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, ...).
+
+This argument can be omitted in which case HTTPie will use POST if there
+is some data to be sent, otherwise GET:
+
+    $ http example.org               # => GET
+    $ http example.org hello=world   # => POST
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,URL\/\fR"
+
+
+The request URL. Scheme defaults to \[aq]http://\[aq] if the URL
+does not include one. (You can override this with: \fB\,--default-scheme\/\fR=http/https)
+
+You can also use a shorthand for localhost
+
+    $ http :3000                    # => http://localhost:3000
+    $ http :/foo                    # => http://localhost/foo
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,REQUEST_ITEM\/\fR"
+
+
+Optional key-value pairs to be included in the request. The separator used
+determines the type:
+
+\[aq]:\[aq] HTTP headers:
+
+    Referer:https://httpie.io  Cookie:foo=bar  User-Agent:bacon/1.0
+
+\[aq]==\[aq] URL parameters to be appended to the request URI:
+
+    search==httpie
+
+\[aq]=\[aq] Data fields to be serialized into a JSON object (with \fB\,--json\/\fR, \fB\,-j\/\fR)
+    or form data (with \fB\,--form\/\fR, \fB\,-f\/\fR):
+
+    name=HTTPie  language=Python  description=\[aq]CLI HTTP client\[aq]
+
+\[aq]:=\[aq] Non-string JSON data fields (only with \fB\,--json\/\fR, \fB\,-j\/\fR):
+
+    awesome:=true  amount:=42  colors:=\[aq][\[dq]red\[dq], \[dq]green\[dq], \[dq]blue\[dq]]\[aq]
+
+\[aq]@\[aq] Form file fields (only with \fB\,--form\/\fR or \fB\,--multipart\/\fR):
+
+    cv@\(ti/Documents/CV.pdf
+    cv@\[aq]\(ti/Documents/CV.pdf;type=application/pdf\[aq]
+
+\[aq]=@\[aq] A data field like \[aq]=\[aq], but takes a file path and embeds its content:
+
+    essay=@Documents/essay.txt
+
+\[aq]:=@\[aq] A raw JSON field like \[aq]:=\[aq], but takes a file path and embeds its content:
+
+    package:=@./package.json
+
+You can use a backslash to escape a colliding separator in the field name:
+
+    field-name-with\e:colon=value
+
+
+
+.PP
+.SH Predefined content types
+.IP "\fB\,--json\/\fR, \fB\,-j\/\fR"
+
+
+(default) Data items from the command line are serialized as a JSON object.
+The Content-Type and Accept headers are set to application/json
+(if not specified).
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--form\/\fR, \fB\,-f\/\fR"
+
+
+Data items from the command line are serialized as form fields.
+
+The Content-Type is set to application/x-www-form-urlencoded (if not
+specified). The presence of any file fields results in a
+multipart/form-data request.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--multipart\/\fR"
+
+
+Similar to \fB\,--form\/\fR, but always sends a multipart/form-data request (i.e., even without files).
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--boundary\/\fR"
+
+
+Specify a custom boundary string for multipart/form-data requests. Only has effect only together with \fB\,--form\/\fR.
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--raw\/\fR"
+
+
+This option allows you to pass raw request data without extra processing
+(as opposed to the structured request items syntax):
+
+    $ http \fB\,--raw\/\fR=\[aq]data\[aq] pie.dev/post
+
+You can achieve the same by piping the data via stdin:
+
+    $ echo data | http pie.dev/post
+
+Or have HTTPie load the raw data from a file:
+
+    $ http pie.dev/post @data.txt
+
+
+
+
+.PP
+.SH Content processing options
+.IP "\fB\,--compress\/\fR, \fB\,-x\/\fR"
+
+
+Content compressed (encoded) with Deflate algorithm.
+The Content-Encoding header is set to deflate.
+
+Compression is skipped if it appears that compression ratio is
+negative. Compression can be forced by repeating the argument.
+
+
+
+.PP
+.SH Output processing
+.IP "\fB\,--pretty\/\fR"
+
+
+Controls output processing. The value can be \[dq]none\[dq] to not prettify
+the output (default for redirected output), \[dq]all\[dq] to apply both colors
+and formatting (default for terminal output), \[dq]colors\[dq], or \[dq]format\[dq].
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--style\/\fR, \fB\,-s\/\fR \fI\,STYLE\/\fR"
+
+
+Output coloring style (default is \[dq]auto\[dq]). It can be one of:
+
+    auto, pie, pie-dark, pie-light, solarized
+
+
+For finding out all available styles in your system, try:
+
+$ http \fB\,--style\/\fR
+
+The \[dq]auto\[dq] style follows your terminal\[aq]s ANSI color styles.
+For non-auto styles to work properly, please make sure that the
+$TERM environment variable is set to \[dq]xterm-256color\[dq] or similar
+(e.g., via `export TERM=xterm-256color\[aq] in your \(ti/.bashrc).
+
+.IP "\fB\,--unsorted\/\fR"
+
+
+Disables all sorting while formatting output. It is a shortcut for:
+
+    \fB\,--format-options\/\fR=headers.sort:false,json.sort_keys:false
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--sorted\/\fR"
+
+
+Re-enables all sorting options while formatting output. It is a shortcut for:
+
+    \fB\,--format-options\/\fR=headers.sort:true,json.sort_keys:true
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--response-charset\/\fR \fI\,ENCODING\/\fR"
+
+
+Override the response encoding for terminal display purposes, e.g.:
+
+    \fB\,--response-charset\/\fR=utf8
+    \fB\,--response-charset\/\fR=big5
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--response-mime\/\fR \fI\,MIME_TYPE\/\fR"
+
+
+Override the response mime type for coloring and formatting for the terminal, e.g.:
+
+    \fB\,--response-mime\/\fR=application/json
+    \fB\,--response-mime\/\fR=text/xml
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--format-options\/\fR"
+
+
+Controls output formatting. Only relevant when formatting is enabled
+through (explicit or implied) \fB\,--pretty\/\fR=all or \fB\,--pretty\/\fR=format.
+The following are the default options:
+
+    headers.sort:true
+    json.format:true
+    json.indent:4
+    json.sort_keys:true
+    xml.format:true
+    xml.indent:2
+
+You may use this option multiple times, as well as specify multiple
+comma-separated options at the same time. For example, this modifies the
+settings to disable the sorting of JSON keys, and sets the indent size to 2:
+
+    \fB\,--format-options\/\fR json.sort_keys:false,json.indent:2
+
+This is something you will typically put into your config file.
+
+
+
+.PP
+.SH Output options
+.IP "\fB\,--print\/\fR, \fB\,-p\/\fR \fI\,WHAT\/\fR"
+
+
+String specifying what the output should contain:
+
+    \[aq]H\[aq] request headers
+    \[aq]B\[aq] request body
+    \[aq]h\[aq] response headers
+    \[aq]b\[aq] response body
+    \[aq]m\[aq] response metadata
+
+The default behaviour is \[aq]hb\[aq] (i.e., the response
+headers and body is printed), if standard output is not redirected.
+If the output is piped to another program or to a file, then only the
+response body is printed by default.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--headers\/\fR, \fB\,-h\/\fR"
+
+
+Print only the response headers. Shortcut for \fB\,--print\/\fR=h.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--meta\/\fR, \fB\,-m\/\fR"
+
+
+Print only the response metadata. Shortcut for \fB\,--print\/\fR=m.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--body\/\fR, \fB\,-b\/\fR"
+
+
+Print only the response body. Shortcut for \fB\,--print\/\fR=b.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--verbose\/\fR, \fB\,-v\/\fR"
+
+
+Verbose output. For the level one (with single `\fB\,-v\/\fR`/`\fB\,--verbose\/\fR`), print
+the whole request as well as the response. Also print any intermediary
+requests/responses (such as redirects). For the second level and higher,
+print these as well as the response metadata.
+
+Level one is a shortcut for: \fB\,--all\/\fR \fB\,--print\/\fR=BHbh
+Level two is a shortcut for: \fB\,--all\/\fR \fB\,--print\/\fR=BHbhm
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--all\/\fR"
+
+
+By default, only the final request/response is shown. Use this flag to show
+any intermediary requests/responses as well. Intermediary requests include
+followed redirects (with \fB\,--follow\/\fR), the first unauthorized request when
+Digest auth is used (\fB\,--auth\/\fR=digest), etc.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--stream\/\fR, \fB\,-S\/\fR"
+
+
+Always stream the response body by line, i.e., behave like `tail \fB\,-f\/\fR\[aq].
+
+Without \fB\,--stream\/\fR and with \fB\,--pretty\/\fR (either set or implied),
+HTTPie fetches the whole response before it outputs the processed data.
+
+Set this option when you want to continuously display a prettified
+long-lived response, such as one from the Twitter streaming API.
+
+It is useful also without \fB\,--pretty\/\fR: It ensures that the output is flushed
+more often and in smaller chunks.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--output\/\fR, \fB\,-o\/\fR \fI\,FILE\/\fR"
+
+
+Save output to FILE instead of stdout. If \fB\,--download\/\fR is also set, then only
+the response body is saved to FILE. Other parts of the HTTP exchange are
+printed to stderr.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--download\/\fR, \fB\,-d\/\fR"
+
+
+Do not print the response body to stdout. Rather, download it and store it
+in a file. The filename is guessed unless specified with \fB\,--output\/\fR
+[filename]. This action is similar to the default behaviour of wget.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--continue\/\fR, \fB\,-c\/\fR"
+
+
+Resume an interrupted download. Note that the \fB\,--output\/\fR option needs to be
+specified as well.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--quiet\/\fR, \fB\,-q\/\fR"
+
+
+Do not print to stdout or stderr, except for errors and warnings when provided once.
+Provide twice to suppress warnings as well.
+stdout is still redirected if \fB\,--output\/\fR is specified.
+Flag doesn\[aq]t affect behaviour of download beyond not printing to terminal.
+
+
+
+.PP
+.SH Sessions
+.IP "\fB\,--session\/\fR \fI\,SESSION_NAME_OR_PATH\/\fR"
+
+
+Create, or reuse and update a session. Within a session, custom headers,
+auth credential, as well as any cookies sent by the server persist between
+requests.
+
+Session files are stored in:
+
+    [HTTPIE_CONFIG_DIR]/<HOST>/<SESSION_NAME>.json.
+
+See the following page to find out your default HTTPIE_CONFIG_DIR:
+
+    https://httpie.io/docs/cli/config-file-directory
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--session-read-only\/\fR \fI\,SESSION_NAME_OR_PATH\/\fR"
+
+
+Create or read a session without updating it form the request/response
+exchange.
+
+
+
+.PP
+.SH Authentication
+.IP "\fB\,--auth\/\fR, \fB\,-a\/\fR \fI\,USER[:PASS] | TOKEN\/\fR"
+
+
+For username/password based authentication mechanisms (e.g
+basic auth or digest auth) if only the username is provided
+(\fB\,-a\/\fR username), HTTPie will prompt for the password.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--auth-type\/\fR, \fB\,-A\/\fR"
+
+
+The authentication mechanism to be used. Defaults to \[dq]basic\[dq].
+
+\[dq]basic\[dq]: Basic HTTP auth
+
+\[dq]digest\[dq]: Digest HTTP auth
+
+\[dq]bearer\[dq]: Bearer HTTP Auth
+
+For finding out all available authentication types in your system, try:
+
+$ http \fB\,--auth-type\/\fR
+
+.IP "\fB\,--ignore-netrc\/\fR"
+
+
+Ignore credentials from .netrc.
+
+
+.PP
+.SH Network
+.IP "\fB\,--offline\/\fR"
+
+
+Build the request and print it but don\(gat actually send it.
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--proxy\/\fR \fI\,PROTOCOL:PROXY_URL\/\fR"
+
+
+String mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy
+(e.g. http:http://foo.bar:3128). You can specify multiple proxies with
+different protocols. The environment variables $ALL_PROXY, $HTTP_PROXY,
+and $HTTPS_proxy are supported as well.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--follow\/\fR, \fB\,-F\/\fR"
+
+
+Follow 30x Location redirects.
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--max-redirects\/\fR"
+
+
+By default, requests have a limit of 30 redirects (works with \fB\,--follow\/\fR).
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--max-headers\/\fR"
+
+
+The maximum number of response headers to be read before giving up (default 0, i.e., no limit).
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--timeout\/\fR \fI\,SECONDS\/\fR"
+
+
+The connection timeout of the request in seconds.
+The default value is 0, i.e., there is no timeout limit.
+This is not a time limit on the entire response download;
+rather, an error is reported if the server has not issued a response for
+timeout seconds (more precisely, if no bytes have been received on
+the underlying socket for timeout seconds).
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--check-status\/\fR"
+
+
+By default, HTTPie exits with 0 when no network or other fatal errors
+occur. This flag instructs HTTPie to also check the HTTP status code and
+exit with an error if the status indicates one.
+
+When the server replies with a 4xx (Client Error) or 5xx (Server Error)
+status code, HTTPie exits with 4 or 5 respectively. If the response is a
+3xx (Redirect) and \fB\,--follow\/\fR hasn\[aq]t been set, then the exit status is 3.
+Also an error message is written to stderr if stdout is redirected.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--path-as-is\/\fR"
+
+
+Bypass dot segment (/../ or /./) URL squashing.
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--chunked\/\fR"
+
+
+Enable streaming via chunked transfer encoding. The Transfer-Encoding header is set to chunked.
+
+
+.PP
+.SH SSL
+.IP "\fB\,--verify\/\fR"
+
+
+Set to \[dq]no\[dq] (or \[dq]false\[dq]) to skip checking the host\[aq]s SSL certificate.
+Defaults to \[dq]yes\[dq] (\[dq]true\[dq]). You can also pass the path to a CA_BUNDLE file
+for private certs. (Or you can set the REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE environment
+variable instead.)
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--ssl\/\fR"
+
+
+The desired protocol version to use. This will default to
+SSL v2.3 which will negotiate the highest protocol that both
+the server and your installation of OpenSSL support. Available protocols
+may vary depending on OpenSSL installation (only the supported ones
+are shown here).
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--ciphers\/\fR"
+
+
+
+A string in the OpenSSL cipher list format. By default, the following
+is used:
+
+ECDHE+AESGCM:ECDHE+CHACHA20:DHE+AESGCM:DHE+CHACHA20:ECDH+AESGCM:DH+AESGCM:ECDH+AES:DH+AES:RSA+AESGCM:RSA+AES:!aNULL:!eNULL:!MD5:!DSS
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--cert\/\fR"
+
+
+You can specify a local cert to use as client side SSL certificate.
+This file may either contain both private key and certificate or you may
+specify \fB\,--cert-key\/\fR separately.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--cert-key\/\fR"
+
+
+The private key to use with SSL. Only needed if \fB\,--cert\/\fR is given and the
+certificate file does not contain the private key.
+
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--cert-key-pass\/\fR"
+
+
+The passphrase to be used to with the given private key. Only needed if \fB\,--cert-key\/\fR
+is given and the key file requires a passphrase.
+If not provided, you\(gall be prompted interactively.
+
+
+.PP
+.SH Troubleshooting
+.IP "\fB\,--ignore-stdin\/\fR, \fB\,-I\/\fR"
+
+
+Do not attempt to read stdin
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--help\/\fR"
+
+
+Show this help message and exit.
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--manual\/\fR"
+
+
+Show the full manual.
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--version\/\fR"
+
+
+Show version and exit.
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--traceback\/\fR"
+
+
+Prints the exception traceback should one occur.
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--default-scheme\/\fR"
+
+
+The default scheme to use if not specified in the URL.
+
+
+.IP "\fB\,--debug\/\fR"
+
+
+Prints the exception traceback should one occur, as well as other
+information useful for debugging HTTPie itself and for reporting bugs.
+
+
+
+.PP
+.SH SEE ALSO
+
+For every \fB\,--OPTION\/\fR there is also a \fB\,--no-OPTION\/\fR that reverts OPTION
+to its default value.
+
+Suggestions and bug reports are greatly appreciated:
+https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues

extras/packaging/linux/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# Use the oldest (but still supported) Ubuntu as the base for PyInstaller
+# packages. This will prevent stuff like glibc from conflicting.
+FROM ubuntu:18.04
+
+RUN apt-get update
+RUN apt-get install -y software-properties-common binutils
+RUN apt-get install -y ruby-dev
+RUN gem install fpm
+
+# Use deadsnakes for the latest Pythons (e.g 3.9)
+RUN add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y python3.9 python3.9-dev python3.9-venv
+
+# Install rpm as well, since we are going to build fedora dists too
+RUN apt-get install -y rpm
+
+ADD . /app
+WORKDIR /app/extras/packaging/linux
+
+ENV VIRTUAL_ENV=/opt/venv
+RUN python3.9 -m venv $VIRTUAL_ENV
+ENV PATH="$VIRTUAL_ENV/bin:$PATH"
+
+# Ensure that pip is renewed, otherwise we would be using distro-provided pip
+# which strips vendored packages and doesn't work with PyInstaller.
+RUN python -m pip install /app
+RUN python -m pip install pyinstaller wheel
+RUN python -m pip install --force-reinstall --upgrade pip
+
+RUN echo 'BUILD_CHANNEL="pypi"' > /app/httpie/internal/__build_channel__.py
+RUN python build.py
+
+ENTRYPOINT ["mv", "/app/extras/packaging/linux/dist/", "/artifacts"]

extras/packaging/linux/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# Standalone Linux Packages
+
+![packaging.png](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/47358913/159950478-2d090d1b-69b9-4914-a1b4-d3e3d8e25fe0.png)
+
+This directory contains the build scripts for creating:
+
+- A self-contained binary executable for the HTTPie itself
+- `httpie.deb` and `httpie.rpm` packages for Debian and Fedora.
+
+The process of constructing them are fully automated, and can be easily done through the [`Release as Standalone Linux Package`](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/actions/workflows/release-linux-standalone.yml)
+action. Once it finishes, the release artifacts will be attached in the summary page of the triggered run.
+
+
+## Hacking
+
+The main entry point for the package builder is the [`build.py`](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/blob/master/extras/packaging/linux/build.py). It
+contains 2 major methods:
+
+- `build_binaries`, for the self-contained executables
+- `build_packages`, for the OS-specific packages (which wrap the binaries)
+
+### `build_binaries`
+
+We use [PyInstaller](https://pyinstaller.readthedocs.io/en/stable/) for the binaries. Normally pyinstaller offers two different modes:
+
+- Single directory (harder to distribute, low redundancy. Library files are shared across different executables)
+- Single binary (easier to distribute, higher redundancy. Same libraries are statically linked to different executables, so higher total size)
+
+Since our binary size (in total 20 MiBs) is not that big, we have decided to choose the single binary mode for the sake of easier distribution.
+
+We also disable `UPX`, which is a runtime decompression method since it adds some startup cost.
+
+### `build_packages`
+
+We build our OS-specific packages with [FPM](https://github.com/jordansissel/fpm) which offers a really nice abstraction. We use the `dir` mode,
+and package `http`, `https` and `httpie` commands. More can be added to the `files` option.
+
+Since the `httpie` depends on having a pip executable, we explicitly depend on the system Python even though the core does not use it.
+
+### Docker Image
+
+This directory also contains a [docker image](https://github.com/httpie/httpie/blob/master/extras/packaging/linux/Dockerfile) which helps
+building our standalone binaries in an isolated environment with the lowest possible library versions. This is important, since even though
+the executables are standalone they still depend on some main system C libraries (like `glibc`) so we need to create our executables inside
+an environment with a very old (but not deprecated) glibc version. It makes us soundproof for all active Ubuntu/Debian versions.
+
+It also contains the Python version we package our HTTPie with, so it is the place if you need to change it.
+
+### `./get_release_artifacts.sh`
+
+If you make a change in the `build.py`, run the following script to test it out. It will return multiple files under `artifacts/dist` which
+then you can test out and ensure their quality (it is also the script that we use in our automation).

extras/packaging/linux/build.py

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+import stat
+import subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Iterator, Tuple
+
+BUILD_DIR = Path(__file__).parent
+HTTPIE_DIR = BUILD_DIR.parent.parent.parent
+
+EXTRAS_DIR = HTTPIE_DIR / 'extras'
+MAN_PAGES_DIR = EXTRAS_DIR /  'man'
+
+SCRIPT_DIR = BUILD_DIR / Path('scripts')
+HOOKS_DIR = SCRIPT_DIR / 'hooks'
+
+DIST_DIR = BUILD_DIR / 'dist'
+
+TARGET_SCRIPTS = {
+    SCRIPT_DIR / 'http_cli.py': [],
+    SCRIPT_DIR / 'httpie_cli.py': ['--hidden-import=pip'],
+}
+
+
+def build_binaries() -> Iterator[Tuple[str, Path]]:
+    for target_script, extra_args in TARGET_SCRIPTS.items():
+        subprocess.check_call(
+            [
+                'pyinstaller',
+                '--onefile',
+                '--noupx',
+                '-p',
+                HTTPIE_DIR,
+                '--additional-hooks-dir',
+                HOOKS_DIR,
+                *extra_args,
+                target_script,
+            ]
+        )
+
+    for executable_path in DIST_DIR.iterdir():
+        if executable_path.suffix:
+            continue
+        stat_r = executable_path.stat()
+        executable_path.chmod(stat_r.st_mode | stat.S_IEXEC)
+        yield executable_path.stem, executable_path
+
+
+def build_packages(http_binary: Path, httpie_binary: Path) -> None:
+    import httpie
+
+    # Mapping of src_file -> dst_file
+    files = [
+        (http_binary, '/usr/bin/http'),
+        (http_binary, '/usr/bin/https'),
+        (httpie_binary, '/usr/bin/httpie'),
+    ]
+    files.extend(
+        (man_page, f'/usr/share/man/man1/{man_page.name}')
+        for man_page in MAN_PAGES_DIR.glob('*.1')
+    )
+
+    # A list of additional dependencies
+    deps = [
+        'python3 >= 3.7',
+        'python3-pip'
+    ]
+
+    processed_deps = [
+        f'--depends={dep}'
+        for dep in deps
+    ]
+    processed_files = [
+        '='.join([str(src.resolve()), dst]) for src, dst in files
+    ]
+    for target in ['deb', 'rpm']:
+        subprocess.check_call(
+            [
+                'fpm',
+                '--force',
+                '-s',
+                'dir',
+                '-t',
+                target,
+                '--name',
+                'httpie',
+                '--version',
+                httpie.__version__,
+                '--description',
+                httpie.__doc__.strip(),
+                '--license',
+                httpie.__licence__,
+                *processed_deps,
+                *processed_files,
+            ],
+            cwd=DIST_DIR,
+        )
+
+
+def main():
+    binaries = dict(build_binaries())
+    build_packages(binaries['http_cli'], binaries['httpie_cli'])
+
+    # Rename http_cli/httpie_cli to http/httpie
+    binaries['http_cli'].rename(DIST_DIR / 'http')
+    binaries['httpie_cli'].rename(DIST_DIR / 'httpie')
+
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

extras/packaging/linux/get_release_artifacts.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -xe
+
+REPO_ROOT=../../../
+ARTIFACTS_DIR=$(pwd)/artifacts
+
+# Reset the ARTIFACTS_DIR.
+rm -rf $ARTIFACTS_DIR
+mkdir -p $ARTIFACTS_DIR
+
+# Operate on the repository root to have the proper
+# docker context.
+pushd $REPO_ROOT
+
+# Build the PyInstaller image
+docker build -t pyinstaller-httpie -f extras/packaging/linux/Dockerfile .
+
+# Copy the artifacts to the designated directory.
+docker run --rm -i -v $ARTIFACTS_DIR:/artifacts pyinstaller-httpie:latest
+
+popd

extras/packaging/linux/scripts/hooks/hook-pip.py

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+from pathlib import Path
+from PyInstaller.utils.hooks import collect_all
+
+def hook(hook_api):
+    for pkg in [
+        'pip',
+        'setuptools',
+        'distutils',
+        'pkg_resources'
+    ]:
+        datas, binaries, hiddenimports = collect_all(pkg)
+        hook_api.add_datas(datas)
+        hook_api.add_binaries(binaries)
+        hook_api.add_imports(*hiddenimports)

extras/packaging/linux/scripts/http_cli.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from httpie.__main__ import main
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import sys
+    sys.exit(main())

extras/packaging/linux/scripts/httpie_cli.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from httpie.manager.__main__ import main
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import sys
+    sys.exit(main())

extras/profiling/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# HTTPie Benchmarking Infrastructure
+
+This directory includes the benchmarks we use for testing HTTPie's speed and the
+infrastructure to automate this testing across versions.
+
+## Usage
+
+Ensure the following requirements are satisfied:
+
+- Python 3.7+
+- `pyperf`
+
+Then, run the `extras/benchmarks/run.py`:
+
+```console
+$ python extras/profiling/run.py
+```
+
+Without any options, this command will initially create an isolated environment
+and install `httpie` from the latest commit. Then it will create a second
+environment with the `master` of the current repository and run the benchmarks
+on both of them. It will compare the results and print it as a markdown table:
+
+| Benchmark                              | master |     this_branch      |
+| -------------------------------------- | :----: | :------------------: |
+| `http --version` (startup)             | 201 ms | 174 ms: 1.16x faster |
+| `http --offline pie.dev/get` (startup) | 200 ms | 174 ms: 1.15x faster |
+| Geometric mean                         | (ref)  |     1.10x faster     |
+
+If your `master` branch is not up-to-date, you can get a fresh clone by passing
+`--fresh` option. This way, the benchmark runner will clone the `httpie/httpie`
+repo from `GitHub` and use it as the baseline.
+
+You can customize these branches by passing `--local-repo`/`--target-branch`,
+and customize the repos by passing `--local-repo`/`--target-repo` (can either
+take a URL or a path).
+
+If you want to run a third environment with additional dependencies (such as
+`pyOpenSSL`), you can pass `--complex`.

extras/profiling/benchmarks.py

@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+"""
+This file is the declaration of benchmarks for HTTPie. It
+is also used to run them with the current environment.
+
+Each instance of BaseRunner class will be an individual
+benchmark. And if run without any arguments, this file
+will execute every benchmark instance and report the
+timings.
+
+The benchmarks are run through 'pyperf', which allows to
+do get very precise results. For micro-benchmarks like startup,
+please run `pyperf system tune` to get even more acurrate results.
+
+Examples:
+
+    # Run everything as usual, the default is that we do 3 warmup runs
+    # and 5 actual runs.
+    $ python extras/profiling/benchmarks.py
+
+    # For retrieving results faster, pass --fast
+    $ python extras/profiling/benchmarks.py --fast
+
+    # For verify everything works as expected, pass --debug-single-value.
+    # It will only run everything once, so the resuls are not reliable. But
+    # very useful when iterating on a benchmark
+    $ python extras/profiling/benchmarks.py --debug-single-value
+
+    # If you want to run with a custom HTTPie command (for example with
+    # and HTTPie instance installed in another virtual environment),
+    # pass HTTPIE_COMMAND variable.
+    $ HTTPIE_COMMAND="/my/python /my/httpie" python extras/profiling/benchmarks.py
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import shlex
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import threading
+from contextlib import ExitStack, contextmanager
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from functools import cached_property, partial
+from http.server import HTTPServer, SimpleHTTPRequestHandler
+from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory
+from typing import ClassVar, Final, List
+
+import pyperf
+
+# For download benchmarks, define a set of files.
+# file: (block_size, count) => total_size = block_size * count
+PREDEFINED_FILES: Final = {'3G': (3 * 1024 ** 2, 1024)}
+
+
+class QuietSimpleHTTPServer(SimpleHTTPRequestHandler):
+    def log_message(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        pass
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def start_server():
+    """Create a server to serve local files. It will create the
+    PREDEFINED_FILES through dd."""
+    with TemporaryDirectory() as directory:
+        for file_name, (block_size, count) in PREDEFINED_FILES.items():
+            subprocess.check_call(
+                [
+                    'dd',
+                    'if=/dev/zero',
+                    f'of={file_name}',
+                    f'bs={block_size}',
+                    f'count={count}',
+                ],
+                cwd=directory,
+                stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+                stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+            )
+
+        handler = partial(QuietSimpleHTTPServer, directory=directory)
+        server = HTTPServer(('localhost', 0), handler)
+
+        thread = threading.Thread(target=server.serve_forever)
+        thread.start()
+        yield '{}:{}'.format(*server.socket.getsockname())
+        server.shutdown()
+        thread.join(timeout=0.5)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Context:
+    benchmarks: ClassVar[List[BaseRunner]] = []
+    stack: ExitStack = field(default_factory=ExitStack)
+    runner: pyperf.Runner = field(default_factory=pyperf.Runner)
+
+    def run(self) -> pyperf.BenchmarkSuite:
+        results = [benchmark.run(self) for benchmark in self.benchmarks]
+        return pyperf.BenchmarkSuite(results)
+
+    @property
+    def cmd(self) -> List[str]:
+        if cmd := os.getenv('HTTPIE_COMMAND'):
+            return shlex.split(cmd)
+
+        http = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(sys.executable), 'http')
+        assert os.path.exists(http)
+        return [sys.executable, http]
+
+    @cached_property
+    def server(self) -> str:
+        return self.stack.enter_context(start_server())
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *exc_info):
+        self.stack.close()
+
+
+@dataclass
+class BaseRunner:
+    """
+    An individual benchmark case. By default it has the category
+    (e.g like startup or download) and a name.
+    """
+
+    category: str
+    title: str
+
+    def __post_init__(self):
+        Context.benchmarks.append(self)
+
+    def run(self, context: Context) -> pyperf.Benchmark:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return f'{self.title} ({self.category})'
+
+
+@dataclass
+class CommandRunner(BaseRunner):
+    """
+    Run a single command, and benchmark it.
+    """
+
+    args: List[str]
+
+    def run(self, context: Context) -> pyperf.Benchmark:
+        return context.runner.bench_command(self.name, [*context.cmd, *self.args])
+
+
+@dataclass
+class DownloadRunner(BaseRunner):
+    """
+    Benchmark downloading a single file from the
+    remote server.
+    """
+
+    file_name: str
+
+    def run(self, context: Context) -> pyperf.Benchmark:
+        return context.runner.bench_command(
+            self.name,
+            [
+                *context.cmd,
+                '--download',
+                'GET',
+                f'{context.server}/{self.file_name}',
+            ],
+        )
+
+
+CommandRunner('startup', '`http --version`', ['--version'])
+CommandRunner('startup', '`http --offline pie.dev/get`', ['--offline', 'pie.dev/get'])
+for pretty in ['all', 'none']:
+    CommandRunner(
+        'startup',
+        f'`http --pretty={pretty} pie.dev/stream/1000`',
+        [
+            '--print=HBhb',
+            f'--pretty={pretty}',
+            'httpbin.org/stream/1000'
+        ]
+    )
+DownloadRunner('download', '`http --download :/big_file.txt` (3GB)', '3G')
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    # PyPerf will bring it's own argument parser, so configure the script.
+    # The somewhat fast and also precise enough configuration is this. We run
+    # benchmarks 3 times to warmup (e.g especially for download benchmark, this
+    # is important). And then 5 actual runs where we record.
+    sys.argv.extend(
+        ['--worker', '--loops=1', '--warmup=3', '--values=5', '--processes=2']
+    )
+
+    with Context() as context:
+        context.run()
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

extras/profiling/run.py

@@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
+"""
+Run the HTTPie benchmark suite with multiple environments.
+
+This script is configured in a way that, it will create
+two (or more) isolated environments and compare the *last
+commit* of this repository with it's master.
+
+> If you didn't commit yet, it won't be showing results.
+
+You can also pass --fresh, which would test the *last
+commit* of this repository with a fresh copy of HTTPie
+itself. This way even if you don't have an up-to-date
+master branch, you can still compare it with the upstream's
+master.
+
+You can also pass --complex to add 2 additional environments,
+which would include additional dependencies like pyOpenSSL.
+
+Examples:
+
+    # Run everything as usual, and compare last commit with master
+    $ python extras/benchmarks/run.py
+
+    # Include complex environments
+    $ python extras/benchmarks/run.py --complex
+
+    # Compare against a fresh copy
+    $ python extras/benchmarks/run.py --fresh
+
+    # Compare against a custom branch of a custom repo
+    $ python extras/benchmarks/run.py --target-repo my_repo --target-branch my_branch
+
+    # Debug changes made on this script (only run benchmarks once)
+    $ python extras/benchmarks/run.py --debug
+"""
+
+import dataclasses
+import shlex
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import venv
+from argparse import ArgumentParser, FileType
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import (IO, Dict, Generator, Iterable, List, Optional,
+                    Tuple)
+
+BENCHMARK_SCRIPT = Path(__file__).parent / 'benchmarks.py'
+CURRENT_REPO = Path(__file__).parent.parent.parent
+
+GITHUB_URL = 'https://github.com/httpie/httpie.git'
+TARGET_BRANCH = 'master'
+
+# Additional dependencies for --complex
+ADDITIONAL_DEPS = ('pyOpenSSL',)
+
+
+def call(*args, **kwargs):
+    kwargs.setdefault('stdout', subprocess.DEVNULL)
+    return subprocess.check_call(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+class Environment:
+    """
+    Each environment defines how to create an isolated instance
+    where we could install HTTPie and run benchmarks without any
+    environmental factors.
+    """
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def on_repo(self) -> Generator[Tuple[Path, Dict[str, str]], None, None]:
+        """
+        Return the path to the python interpreter and the
+        environment variables (e.g HTTPIE_COMMAND) to be
+        used on the benchmarks.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+@dataclass
+class HTTPieEnvironment(Environment):
+    repo_url: str
+    branch: Optional[str] = None
+    dependencies: Iterable[str] = ()
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def on_repo(self) -> Generator[Path, None, None]:
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as directory_path:
+            directory = Path(directory_path)
+
+            # Clone the repo
+            repo_path = directory / 'httpie'
+            call(
+                ['git', 'clone', self.repo_url, repo_path],
+                stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+            )
+
+            if self.branch is not None:
+                call(
+                    ['git', 'checkout', self.branch],
+                    cwd=repo_path,
+                    stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+                )
+
+            # Prepare the environment
+            venv_path = directory / '.venv'
+            venv.create(venv_path, with_pip=True)
+
+            # Install basic dependencies
+            python = venv_path / 'bin' / 'python'
+            call(
+                [
+                    python,
+                    '-m',
+                    'pip',
+                    'install',
+                    'wheel',
+                    'pyperf==2.3.0',
+                    *self.dependencies,
+                ]
+            )
+
+            # Create a wheel distribution of HTTPie
+            call([python, 'setup.py', 'bdist_wheel'], cwd=repo_path)
+
+            # Install httpie
+            distribution_path = next((repo_path / 'dist').iterdir())
+            call(
+                [python, '-m', 'pip', 'install', distribution_path],
+                cwd=repo_path,
+            )
+
+            http = venv_path / 'bin' / 'http'
+            yield python, {'HTTPIE_COMMAND': shlex.join([str(python), str(http)])}
+
+
+@dataclass
+class LocalCommandEnvironment(Environment):
+    local_command: str
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def on_repo(self) -> Generator[Path, None, None]:
+        yield sys.executable, {'HTTPIE_COMMAND': self.local_command}
+
+
+def dump_results(
+    results: List[str],
+    file: IO[str],
+    min_speed: Optional[str] = None
+) -> None:
+    for result in results:
+        lines = result.strip().splitlines()
+        if min_speed is not None and "hidden" in lines[-1]:
+            lines[-1] = (
+                'Some benchmarks were hidden from this list '
+                'because their timings did not change in a '
+                'significant way (change was within the error '
+                'margin ±{margin}%).'
+            ).format(margin=min_speed)
+            result = '\n'.join(lines)
+
+        print(result, file=file)
+        print("\n---\n", file=file)
+
+
+def compare(*args, directory: Path, min_speed: Optional[str] = None):
+    compare_args = ['pyperf', 'compare_to', '--table', '--table-format=md', *args]
+    if min_speed:
+        compare_args.extend(['--min-speed', min_speed])
+    return subprocess.check_output(
+        compare_args,
+        cwd=directory,
+        text=True,
+    )
+
+
+def run(
+    configs: List[Dict[str, Environment]],
+    file: IO[str],
+    debug: bool = False,
+    min_speed: Optional[str] = None,
+) -> None:
+    result_directory = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp())
+    results = []
+
+    current = 1
+    total = sum(1 for config in configs for _ in config.items())
+
+    def iterate(env_name, status):
+        print(
+            f'Iteration: {env_name} ({current}/{total}) ({status})' + ' ' * 10,
+            end='\r',
+            flush=True,
+        )
+
+    for config in configs:
+        for env_name, env in config.items():
+            iterate(env_name, 'setting up')
+            with env.on_repo() as (python, env_vars):
+                iterate(env_name, 'running benchmarks')
+                args = [python, BENCHMARK_SCRIPT, '-o', env_name]
+                if debug:
+                    args.append('--debug-single-value')
+                call(
+                    args,
+                    cwd=result_directory,
+                    env=env_vars,
+                )
+            current += 1
+
+        results.append(compare(
+            *config.keys(),
+            directory=result_directory,
+            min_speed=min_speed
+        ))
+
+    dump_results(results, file=file, min_speed=min_speed)
+    print('Results are available at:', result_directory)
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    parser = ArgumentParser()
+    parser.add_argument('--local-repo', default=CURRENT_REPO)
+    parser.add_argument('--local-branch', default=None)
+    parser.add_argument('--target-repo', default=CURRENT_REPO)
+    parser.add_argument('--target-branch', default=TARGET_BRANCH)
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--fresh',
+        action='store_const',
+        const=GITHUB_URL,
+        dest='target_repo',
+        help='Clone the target repo from upstream GitHub URL',
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--complex',
+        action='store_true',
+        help='Add a second run, with a complex python environment.',
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--local-bin',
+        help='Run the suite with the given local binary in addition to'
+        ' existing runners. (E.g --local-bin $(command -v xh))',
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--file',
+        type=FileType('w'),
+        default=sys.stdout,
+        help='File to print the actual results',
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--min-speed',
+        help='Minimum of speed in percent to consider that a '
+             'benchmark is significant'
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--debug',
+        action='store_true',
+    )
+
+    options = parser.parse_args()
+
+    configs = []
+
+    base_config = {
+        options.target_branch: HTTPieEnvironment(options.target_repo, options.target_branch),
+        'this_branch': HTTPieEnvironment(options.local_repo, options.local_branch),
+    }
+    configs.append(base_config)
+
+    if options.complex:
+        complex_config = {
+            env_name
+            + '-complex': dataclasses.replace(env, dependencies=ADDITIONAL_DEPS)
+            for env_name, env in base_config.items()
+        }
+        configs.append(complex_config)
+
+    if options.local_bin:
+        base_config['binary'] = LocalCommandEnvironment(options.local_bin)
+
+    run(configs, file=options.file, debug=options.debug, min_speed=options.min_speed)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

extras/scripts/generate_man_pages.py

@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+import re
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Optional, Iterator, Iterable
+
+import httpie
+from httpie.cli.definition import options as core_options
+from httpie.cli.options import ParserSpec
+from httpie.manager.cli import options as manager_options
+from httpie.output.ui.rich_help import OptionsHighlighter, to_usage
+from httpie.output.ui.rich_utils import render_as_string
+from httpie.utils import split
+
+
+# Escape certain characters so they are rendered properly on
+# all terminals.
+# https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/groff_char.7.html
+ESCAPE_MAP = {
+    '"': '\[dq]',
+    "'": '\[aq]',
+    '~': '\(ti',
+    '’': "\(ga",
+    '\\': '\e',
+}
+ESCAPE_MAP = {ord(key): value for key, value in ESCAPE_MAP.items()}
+
+EXTRAS_DIR = Path(__file__).parent.parent
+MAN_PAGE_PATH = EXTRAS_DIR / 'man'
+PROJECT_ROOT = EXTRAS_DIR.parent
+
+OPTION_HIGHLIGHT_RE = re.compile(
+    OptionsHighlighter.highlights[0]
+)
+
+class ManPageBuilder:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.source = []
+
+    def title_line(
+        self,
+        full_name: str,
+        program_name: str,
+        program_version: str,
+        last_edit_date: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.source.append(
+            f'.TH {program_name} 1 "{last_edit_date}" '
+            f'"{full_name} {program_version}" "{full_name} Manual"'
+        )
+
+    def set_name(self, program_name: str) -> None:
+        with self.section('NAME'):
+            self.write(program_name)
+
+    def write(self, text: str, *, bold: bool = False) -> None:
+        if bold:
+            text = '.B ' + text
+        self.source.append(text)
+
+    def separate(self) -> None:
+        self.source.append('.PP')
+
+    def format_desc(self, desc: str) -> str:
+        description = _escape_and_dedent(desc)
+        description = OPTION_HIGHLIGHT_RE.sub(
+            # Boldify the option part, but don't remove the prefix (start of the match).
+            lambda match: match[1] + self.boldify(match['option']),
+            description
+        )
+        return description
+
+    def add_comment(self, comment: str) -> None:
+        self.source.append(f'.\\" {comment}')
+
+    def add_options(self, options: Iterable[str], *, metavar: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
+        text = ", ".join(map(self.boldify, options))
+        if metavar:
+            text += f' {self.underline(metavar)}'
+        self.write(f'.IP "{text}"')
+
+    def build(self) -> str:
+        return '\n'.join(self.source)
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def section(self, section_name: str) -> Iterator[None]:
+        self.write(f'.SH {section_name}')
+        self.in_section = True
+        yield
+        self.in_section = False
+
+    def underline(self, text: str) -> str:
+        return r'\fI\,{}\/\fR'.format(text)
+
+    def boldify(self, text: str) -> str:
+        return r'\fB\,{}\/\fR'.format(text)
+
+
+def _escape_and_dedent(text: str) -> str:
+    lines = []
+    for should_act, line in enumerate(text.splitlines()):
+        # Only dedent after the first line.
+        if should_act:
+            if line.startswith('    '):
+                line = line[4:]
+
+        lines.append(line)
+    return '\n'.join(lines).translate(ESCAPE_MAP)
+
+
+def to_man_page(program_name: str, spec: ParserSpec, *, is_top_level_cmd: bool = False) -> str:
+    builder = ManPageBuilder()
+    builder.add_comment(
+        f"This file is auto-generated from the parser declaration "
+        + (f"in {Path(spec.source_file).relative_to(PROJECT_ROOT)} " if spec.source_file else "")
+        + f"by {Path(__file__).relative_to(PROJECT_ROOT)}."
+    )
+
+    builder.title_line(
+        full_name='HTTPie',
+        program_name=program_name,
+        program_version=httpie.__version__,
+        last_edit_date=httpie.__date__,
+    )
+    builder.set_name(program_name)
+
+    with builder.section('SYNOPSIS'):
+        # `http` and `https` are commands that can be directly used, so they can have
+        # have a valid usage. But `httpie` is a top-level command with multiple sub commands,
+        # so for the synopsis we'll only reference the `httpie` name.
+        if is_top_level_cmd:
+            synopsis = program_name
+        else:
+            synopsis = render_as_string(to_usage(spec, program_name=program_name))
+        builder.write(synopsis)
+
+    with builder.section('DESCRIPTION'):
+        builder.write(spec.description)
+        if spec.man_page_hint:
+            builder.write(spec.man_page_hint)
+
+    for index, group in enumerate(spec.groups, 1):
+        with builder.section(group.name):
+            if group.description:
+                builder.write(group.description)
+
+            for argument in group.arguments:
+                if argument.is_hidden:
+                    continue
+
+                raw_arg = argument.serialize(isolation_mode=True)
+
+                metavar = raw_arg.get('metavar')
+                if raw_arg.get('is_positional'):
+                    # In case of positional arguments, metavar is always equal
+                    # to the list of options (e.g `METHOD`).
+                   metavar = None
+                builder.add_options(raw_arg['options'], metavar=metavar)
+
+                desc = builder.format_desc(raw_arg.get('description', ''))
+                builder.write('\n' + desc + '\n')
+
+            builder.separate()
+
+    if spec.epilog:
+        with builder.section('SEE ALSO'):
+            builder.write(builder.format_desc(spec.epilog))
+
+    return builder.build()
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    for program_name, spec, config in [
+        ('http', core_options, {}),
+        ('https', core_options, {}),
+        ('httpie', manager_options, {'is_top_level_cmd': True}),
+    ]:
+        with open((MAN_PAGE_PATH / program_name).with_suffix('.1'), 'w') as stream:
+            stream.write(to_man_page(program_name, spec, **config))
+
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

httpie/__init__.py

@@ -1,19 +1,9 @@
 """
-HTTPie - a CLI, cURL-like tool for humans.
+HTTPie: modern, user-friendly command-line HTTP client for the API era.
 
 """
+
+__version__ = '3.2.1'
+__date__ = '2022-05-06'
 __author__ = 'Jakub Roztocil'
-__version__ = '0.4.0'
 __licence__ = 'BSD'
-
-
-class ExitStatus:
-    """Exit status code constants."""
-    OK = 0
-    ERROR = 1
-    ERROR_TIMEOUT = 2
-
-    # Used only when requested with --check-status:
-    ERROR_HTTP_3XX = 3
-    ERROR_HTTP_4XX = 4
-    ERROR_HTTP_5XX = 5

httpie/__main__.py

@@ -1,10 +1,19 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
 """The main entry point. Invoke as `http' or `python -m httpie'.
 
 """
-import sys
-from .core import main
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+def main():
+    try:
+        from httpie.core import main
+        exit_status = main()
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        from httpie.status import ExitStatus
+        exit_status = ExitStatus.ERROR_CTRL_C
+
+    return exit_status.value
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':  # pragma: nocover
+    import sys
     sys.exit(main())

httpie/adapters.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+from httpie.cli.dicts import HTTPHeadersDict
+from requests.adapters import HTTPAdapter
+
+
+class HTTPieHTTPAdapter(HTTPAdapter):
+
+    def build_response(self, req, resp):
+        """Wrap the original headers with the `HTTPHeadersDict`
+        to preserve multiple headers that have the same name"""
+
+        response = super().build_response(req, resp)
+        response.headers = HTTPHeadersDict(getattr(resp, 'headers', {}))
+        return response

httpie/cli.py

@@ -1,352 +0,0 @@
-"""CLI arguments definition.
-
-NOTE: the CLI interface may change before reaching v1.0.
-TODO: make the options config friendly, i.e., no mutually exclusive groups to
-      allow options overwriting.
-
-"""
-from argparse import FileType, OPTIONAL, ZERO_OR_MORE, SUPPRESS
-
-from . import __doc__
-from . import __version__
-from .compat import is_windows
-from .sessions import DEFAULT_SESSIONS_DIR, Session
-from .output import AVAILABLE_STYLES, DEFAULT_STYLE
-from .input import (Parser, AuthCredentialsArgType, KeyValueArgType,
-                    SEP_PROXY, SEP_CREDENTIALS, SEP_GROUP_ITEMS,
-                    OUT_REQ_HEAD, OUT_REQ_BODY, OUT_RESP_HEAD,
-                    OUT_RESP_BODY, OUTPUT_OPTIONS,
-                    PRETTY_MAP, PRETTY_STDOUT_TTY_ONLY, RegexValidator)
-
-
-def _(text):
-    """Normalize whitespace."""
-    return ' '.join(text.strip().split())
-
-
-parser = Parser(
-    description='%s <http://httpie.org>' % __doc__.strip(),
-    epilog='For every --option there is a --no-option'
-           ' that reverts the option to its default value.\n\n'
-           'Suggestions and bug reports are greatly appreciated:\n'
-           'https://github.com/jkbr/httpie/issues'
-)
-
-
-###############################################################################
-# Positional arguments.
-###############################################################################
-
-positional = parser.add_argument_group(
-    title='Positional arguments',
-    description=_('''
-        These arguments come after any flags and in the
-        order they are listed here. Only URL is required.
-    ''')
-)
-positional.add_argument(
-    'method', metavar='METHOD',
-    nargs=OPTIONAL,
-    default=None,
-    help=_('''
-        The HTTP method to be used for the request
-        (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, PATCH, ...).
-        If this argument is omitted, then HTTPie
-        will guess the HTTP method. If there is some
-        data to be sent, then it will be POST, otherwise GET.
-    ''')
-)
-positional.add_argument(
-    'url', metavar='URL',
-    help=_('''
-        The protocol defaults to http:// if the
-        URL does not include one.
-    ''')
-)
-positional.add_argument(
-    'items', metavar='REQUEST ITEM',
-    nargs=ZERO_OR_MORE,
-    type=KeyValueArgType(*SEP_GROUP_ITEMS),
-    help=_('''
-        A key-value pair whose type is defined by the
-        separator used. It can be an HTTP header (header:value),
-        a data field to be used in the request body (field_name=value),
-        a raw JSON data field (field_name:=value),
-        a query parameter (name==value),
-        or a file field (field_name@/path/to/file).
-        You can use a backslash to escape a colliding
-        separator in the field name.
-    ''')
-)
-
-
-###############################################################################
-# Content type.
-###############################################################################
-
-content_type = parser.add_argument_group(
-    title='Predefined content types',
-    description=None
-)
-
-content_type.add_argument(
-    '--json', '-j', action='store_true',
-    help=_('''
-        (default) Data items from the command
-        line are serialized as a JSON object.
-        The Content-Type and Accept headers
-        are set to application/json (if not specified).
-    ''')
-)
-content_type.add_argument(
-    '--form', '-f', action='store_true',
-    help=_('''
-        Data items from the command line are serialized as form fields.
-        The Content-Type is set to application/x-www-form-urlencoded
-        (if not specified).
-        The presence of any file fields results
-        in a multipart/form-data request.
-     ''')
-)
-
-
-###############################################################################
-# Output processing
-###############################################################################
-
-output_processing = parser.add_argument_group(title='Output processing')
-
-output_processing.add_argument(
-    '--output', '-o', type=FileType('w+b'),
-    metavar='FILE',
-    help=SUPPRESS if not is_windows else _(
-        '''
-        Save output to FILE.
-        This option is a replacement for piping output to FILE,
-        which would on Windows result in corrupted data
-        being saved.
-
-        '''
-    )
-)
-output_processing.add_argument(
-    '--pretty', dest='prettify', default=PRETTY_STDOUT_TTY_ONLY,
-    choices=sorted(PRETTY_MAP.keys()),
-    help=_('''
-        Controls output processing. The value can be "none" to not prettify
-        the output (default for redirected output), "all" to apply both colors
-        and formatting
-        (default for terminal output), "colors", or "format".
-    ''')
-)
-output_processing.add_argument(
-    '--style', '-s', dest='style', default=DEFAULT_STYLE, metavar='STYLE',
-    choices=AVAILABLE_STYLES,
-    help=_('''
-        Output coloring style. One of %s. Defaults to "%s".
-        For this option to work properly, please make sure that the
-        $TERM environment variable is set to "xterm-256color" or similar
-        (e.g., via `export TERM=xterm-256color' in your ~/.bashrc).
-    ''') % (', '.join(sorted(AVAILABLE_STYLES)), DEFAULT_STYLE)
-)
-
-
-###############################################################################
-# Output options
-###############################################################################
-output_options = parser.add_argument_group(title='Output options')
-
-output_options.add_argument(
-    '--print', '-p', dest='output_options', metavar='WHAT',
-    help=_('''
-        String specifying what the output should contain:
-        "{request_headers}" stands for the request headers,  and
-        "{request_body}" for the request body.
-        "{response_headers}" stands for the response headers and
-        "{response_body}" for response the body.
-        The default behaviour is "hb" (i.e., the response
-        headers and body is printed), if standard output is not redirected.
-        If the output is piped to another program or to a file,
-        then only the body is printed by default.
-        '''.format(request_headers=OUT_REQ_HEAD,
-                   request_body=OUT_REQ_BODY,
-                   response_headers=OUT_RESP_HEAD,
-                   response_body=OUT_RESP_BODY,))
-)
-output_options.add_argument(
-    '--verbose', '-v', dest='output_options',
-    action='store_const', const=''.join(OUTPUT_OPTIONS),
-    help=_('''
-        Print the whole request as well as the response.
-        Shortcut for --print={0}.
-    '''.format(''.join(OUTPUT_OPTIONS)))
-)
-output_options.add_argument(
-    '--headers', '-h', dest='output_options',
-    action='store_const', const=OUT_RESP_HEAD,
-    help=_('''
-        Print only the response headers.
-        Shortcut for --print={0}.
-    '''.format(OUT_RESP_HEAD))
-)
-output_options.add_argument(
-    '--body', '-b', dest='output_options',
-    action='store_const', const=OUT_RESP_BODY,
-    help=_('''
-        Print only the response body.
-        Shortcut for --print={0}.
-    '''.format(OUT_RESP_BODY))
-)
-
-output_options.add_argument(
-    '--stream', '-S', action='store_true', default=False,
-    help=_('''
-    Always stream the output by line, i.e., behave like `tail -f'.
-
-    Without --stream and with --pretty (either set or implied),
-    HTTPie fetches the whole response before it outputs the processed data.
-
-    Set this option when you want to continuously display a prettified
-    long-lived response, such as one from the Twitter streaming API.
-
-    It is useful also without --pretty: It ensures that the output is flushed
-    more often and in smaller chunks.
-
-    ''')
-)
-
-
-###############################################################################
-# Sessions
-###############################################################################
-sessions = parser.add_argument_group(title='Sessions')\
-                 .add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=False)
-
-sessions.add_argument(
-    '--session', metavar='SESSION_NAME', type=RegexValidator(
-        Session.VALID_NAME_PATTERN,
-        'Session name contains invalid characters.'
-    ),
-    help=_('''
-    Create, or reuse and update a session.
-    Within a session, custom headers, auth credential, as well as any
-    cookies sent by the server persist between requests.
-    Session files are stored in %s/<HOST>/<SESSION_NAME>.json.
-    ''' % DEFAULT_SESSIONS_DIR)
-)
-sessions.add_argument(
-    '--session-read-only', metavar='SESSION_NAME',
-    help=_('''
-        Create or read a session without updating it form the
-        request/response exchange.
-    ''')
-)
-
-
-###############################################################################
-# Authentication
-###############################################################################
-# ``requests.request`` keyword arguments.
-auth = parser.add_argument_group(title='Authentication')
-auth.add_argument(
-    '--auth', '-a', metavar='USER[:PASS]',
-    type=AuthCredentialsArgType(SEP_CREDENTIALS),
-    help=_('''
-        If only the username is provided (-a username),
-        HTTPie will prompt for the password.
-    '''),
-)
-
-auth.add_argument(
-    '--auth-type', choices=['basic', 'digest'], default='basic',
-    help=_('''
-        The authentication mechanism to be used.
-        Defaults to "basic".
-    ''')
-)
-
-
-# Network
-#############################################
-
-network = parser.add_argument_group(title='Network')
-
-network.add_argument(
-    '--proxy', default=[], action='append', metavar='PROTOCOL:HOST',
-    type=KeyValueArgType(SEP_PROXY),
-    help=_('''
-        String mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy
-        (e.g. http:foo.bar:3128). You can specify multiple
-        proxies with different protocols.
-    ''')
-)
-network.add_argument(
-    '--follow', default=False, action='store_true',
-    help=_('''
-        Set this flag if full redirects are allowed
-        (e.g. re-POST-ing of data at new ``Location``)
-    ''')
-)
-network.add_argument(
-    '--verify', default='yes',
-    help=_('''
-        Set to "no" to skip checking the host\'s SSL certificate.
-        You can also pass the  path to a CA_BUNDLE
-        file for private certs. You can also set
-        the REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE  environment variable.
-        Defaults to "yes".
-    ''')
-)
-
-network.add_argument(
-    '--timeout', type=float, default=30, metavar='SECONDS',
-    help=_('''
-        The connection timeout of the request in seconds.
-        The default value is 30 seconds.
-    ''')
-)
-network.add_argument(
-    '--check-status', default=False, action='store_true',
-    help=_('''
-        By default, HTTPie exits with 0 when no network or other fatal
-        errors occur.
-
-        This flag instructs HTTPie to also check the HTTP status code and
-        exit with an error if the status indicates one.
-
-        When the server replies with a 4xx (Client Error) or 5xx
-        (Server Error) status code, HTTPie exits with 4 or 5 respectively.
-        If the response is a 3xx (Redirect) and --follow
-        hasn't been set, then the exit status is 3.
-
-        Also an error message is written to stderr if stdout is redirected.
-
-    ''')
-)
-
-
-###############################################################################
-# Troubleshooting
-###############################################################################
-
-troubleshooting = parser.add_argument_group(title='Troubleshooting')
-
-troubleshooting.add_argument(
-    '--help',
-    action='help', default=SUPPRESS,
-    help='Show this help message and exit'
-)
-troubleshooting.add_argument(
-    '--version', action='version', version=__version__)
-troubleshooting.add_argument(
-    '--traceback', action='store_true', default=False,
-    help='Prints exception traceback should one occur.'
-)
-troubleshooting.add_argument(
-    '--debug', action='store_true', default=False,
-    help=_('''
-        Prints exception traceback should one occur, and also other
-        information that is useful for debugging HTTPie itself and
-        for bug reports.
-    ''')
-)

httpie/cli/argparser.py

@@ -0,0 +1,613 @@
+import argparse
+import errno
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+from argparse import RawDescriptionHelpFormatter
+from textwrap import dedent
+from urllib.parse import urlsplit
+
+from requests.utils import get_netrc_auth
+
+from .argtypes import (
+    AuthCredentials, SSLCredentials, KeyValueArgType,
+    PARSED_DEFAULT_FORMAT_OPTIONS,
+    parse_auth,
+    parse_format_options,
+)
+from .constants import (
+    HTTP_GET, HTTP_POST, BASE_OUTPUT_OPTIONS, OUTPUT_OPTIONS, OUTPUT_OPTIONS_DEFAULT,
+    OUTPUT_OPTIONS_DEFAULT_OFFLINE, OUTPUT_OPTIONS_DEFAULT_STDOUT_REDIRECTED,
+    OUT_RESP_BODY, PRETTY_MAP, PRETTY_STDOUT_TTY_ONLY, RequestType,
+    SEPARATOR_CREDENTIALS,
+    SEPARATOR_GROUP_ALL_ITEMS, SEPARATOR_GROUP_DATA_ITEMS, URL_SCHEME_RE,
+)
+from .exceptions import ParseError
+from .requestitems import RequestItems
+from ..context import Environment
+from ..plugins.registry import plugin_manager
+from ..utils import ExplicitNullAuth, get_content_type
+
+
+class HTTPieHelpFormatter(RawDescriptionHelpFormatter):
+    """A nicer help formatter.
+
+    Help for arguments can be indented and contain new lines.
+    It will be de-dented and arguments in the help
+    will be separated by a blank line for better readability.
+
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, max_help_position=6, *args, **kwargs):
+        # A smaller indent for args help.
+        kwargs['max_help_position'] = max_help_position
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def _split_lines(self, text, width):
+        text = dedent(text).strip() + '\n\n'
+        return text.splitlines()
+
+    def add_usage(self, usage, actions, groups, prefix=None):
+        # Only display the positional arguments
+        displayed_actions = [
+            action
+            for action in actions
+            if not action.option_strings
+        ]
+
+        _, exception, _ = sys.exc_info()
+        if (
+            isinstance(exception, argparse.ArgumentError)
+            and len(exception.args) >= 1
+            and isinstance(exception.args[0], argparse.Action)
+        ):
+            # add_usage path is also taken when you pass an invalid option,
+            # e.g --style=invalid. If something like that happens, we want
+            # to include to action that caused to the invalid usage into
+            # the list of actions we are displaying.
+            displayed_actions.insert(0, exception.args[0])
+
+        super().add_usage(
+            usage,
+            displayed_actions,
+            groups,
+            prefix="usage:\n    "
+        )
+
+
+# TODO: refactor and design type-annotated data structures
+#       for raw args + parsed args and keep things immutable.
+class BaseHTTPieArgumentParser(argparse.ArgumentParser):
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self.env = None
+        self.args = None
+        self.has_stdin_data = False
+        self.has_input_data = False
+
+    # noinspection PyMethodOverriding
+    def parse_args(
+        self,
+        env: Environment,
+        args=None,
+        namespace=None
+    ) -> argparse.Namespace:
+        self.env = env
+        self.args, no_options = self.parse_known_args(args, namespace)
+        if self.args.debug:
+            self.args.traceback = True
+        self.has_stdin_data = (
+            self.env.stdin
+            and not getattr(self.args, 'ignore_stdin', False)
+            and not self.env.stdin_isatty
+        )
+        self.has_input_data = self.has_stdin_data or getattr(self.args, 'raw', None) is not None
+        return self.args
+
+    # noinspection PyShadowingBuiltins
+    def _print_message(self, message, file=None):
+        # Sneak in our stderr/stdout.
+        if hasattr(self, 'root'):
+            env = self.root.env
+        else:
+            env = self.env
+
+        if env is not None:
+            file = {
+                sys.stdout: env.stdout,
+                sys.stderr: env.stderr,
+                None: env.stderr
+            }.get(file, file)
+
+        if not hasattr(file, 'buffer') and isinstance(message, str):
+            message = message.encode(env.stdout_encoding)
+        super()._print_message(message, file)
+
+
+class HTTPieManagerArgumentParser(BaseHTTPieArgumentParser):
+    def parse_known_args(self, args=None, namespace=None):
+        try:
+            return super().parse_known_args(args, namespace)
+        except SystemExit as exc:
+            if not hasattr(self, 'root') and exc.code == 2:  # Argument Parser Error
+                raise argparse.ArgumentError(None, None)
+            raise
+
+
+class HTTPieArgumentParser(BaseHTTPieArgumentParser):
+    """Adds additional logic to `argparse.ArgumentParser`.
+
+    Handles all input (CLI args, file args, stdin), applies defaults,
+    and performs extra validation.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, formatter_class=HTTPieHelpFormatter, **kwargs):
+        kwargs.setdefault('add_help', False)
+        super().__init__(*args, formatter_class=formatter_class, **kwargs)
+
+    # noinspection PyMethodOverriding
+    def parse_args(
+        self,
+        env: Environment,
+        args=None,
+        namespace=None
+    ) -> argparse.Namespace:
+        self.env = env
+        self.env.args = namespace = namespace or argparse.Namespace()
+        self.args, no_options = super().parse_known_args(args, namespace)
+        if self.args.debug:
+            self.args.traceback = True
+        self.has_stdin_data = (
+            self.env.stdin
+            and not self.args.ignore_stdin
+            and not self.env.stdin_isatty
+        )
+        self.has_input_data = self.has_stdin_data or self.args.raw is not None
+        # Arguments processing and environment setup.
+        self._apply_no_options(no_options)
+        self._process_request_type()
+        self._process_download_options()
+        self._setup_standard_streams()
+        self._process_output_options()
+        self._process_pretty_options()
+        self._process_format_options()
+        self._guess_method()
+        self._parse_items()
+        self._process_url()
+        self._process_auth()
+        self._process_ssl_cert()
+
+        if self.args.raw is not None:
+            self._body_from_input(self.args.raw)
+        elif self.has_stdin_data:
+            self._body_from_file(self.env.stdin)
+
+        if self.args.compress:
+            # TODO: allow --compress with --chunked / --multipart
+            if self.args.chunked:
+                self.error('cannot combine --compress and --chunked')
+            if self.args.multipart:
+                self.error('cannot combine --compress and --multipart')
+
+        return self.args
+
+    def _process_request_type(self):
+        request_type = self.args.request_type
+        self.args.json = request_type is RequestType.JSON
+        self.args.multipart = request_type is RequestType.MULTIPART
+        self.args.form = request_type in {
+            RequestType.FORM,
+            RequestType.MULTIPART,
+        }
+
+    def _process_url(self):
+        if self.args.url.startswith('://'):
+            # Paste URL & add space shortcut: `http ://pie.dev` → `http://pie.dev`
+            self.args.url = self.args.url[3:]
+        if not URL_SCHEME_RE.match(self.args.url):
+            if os.path.basename(self.env.program_name) == 'https':
+                scheme = 'https://'
+            else:
+                scheme = self.args.default_scheme + '://'
+
+            # See if we're using curl style shorthand for localhost (:3000/foo)
+            shorthand = re.match(r'^:(?!:)(\d*)(/?.*)$', self.args.url)
+            if shorthand:
+                port = shorthand.group(1)
+                rest = shorthand.group(2)
+                self.args.url = scheme + 'localhost'
+                if port:
+                    self.args.url += ':' + port
+                self.args.url += rest
+            else:
+                self.args.url = scheme + self.args.url
+
+    def _setup_standard_streams(self):
+        """
+        Modify `env.stdout` and `env.stdout_isatty` based on args, if needed.
+
+        """
+
+        self.args.output_file_specified = bool(self.args.output_file)
+        if self.args.download:
+            # FIXME: Come up with a cleaner solution.
+            if not self.args.output_file and not self.env.stdout_isatty:
+                # Use stdout as the download output file.
+                self.args.output_file = self.env.stdout
+            # With `--download`, we write everything that would normally go to
+            # `stdout` to `stderr` instead. Let's replace the stream so that
+            # we don't have to use many `if`s throughout the codebase.
+            # The response body will be treated separately.
+            self.env.stdout = self.env.stderr
+            self.env.stdout_isatty = self.env.stderr_isatty
+
+        elif self.args.output_file:
+            # When not `--download`ing, then `--output` simply replaces
+            # `stdout`. The file is opened for appending, which isn't what
+            # we want in this case.
+            self.args.output_file.seek(0)
+            try:
+                self.args.output_file.truncate()
+            except OSError as e:
+                if e.errno == errno.EINVAL:
+                    # E.g. /dev/null on Linux.
+                    pass
+                else:
+                    raise
+            self.env.stdout = self.args.output_file
+            self.env.stdout_isatty = False
+
+        if self.args.quiet:
+            self.env.quiet = self.args.quiet
+            self.env.stderr = self.env.devnull
+            if not (self.args.output_file_specified and not self.args.download):
+                self.env.stdout = self.env.devnull
+            self.env.apply_warnings_filter()
+
+    def _process_ssl_cert(self):
+        from httpie.ssl_ import _is_key_file_encrypted
+
+        if self.args.cert_key_pass is None:
+            self.args.cert_key_pass = SSLCredentials(None)
+
+        if (
+            self.args.cert_key is not None
+            and self.args.cert_key_pass.value is None
+            and _is_key_file_encrypted(self.args.cert_key)
+        ):
+            self.args.cert_key_pass.prompt_password(self.args.cert_key)
+
+    def _process_auth(self):
+        # TODO: refactor & simplify this method.
+        self.args.auth_plugin = None
+        default_auth_plugin = plugin_manager.get_auth_plugins()[0]
+        auth_type_set = self.args.auth_type is not None
+        url = urlsplit(self.args.url)
+
+        if self.args.auth is None and not auth_type_set:
+            if url.username is not None:
+                # Handle http://username:password@hostname/
+                username = url.username
+                password = url.password or ''
+                self.args.auth = AuthCredentials(
+                    key=username,
+                    value=password,
+                    sep=SEPARATOR_CREDENTIALS,
+                    orig=SEPARATOR_CREDENTIALS.join([username, password])
+                )
+
+        if self.args.auth is not None or auth_type_set:
+            if not self.args.auth_type:
+                self.args.auth_type = default_auth_plugin.auth_type
+            plugin = plugin_manager.get_auth_plugin(self.args.auth_type)()
+
+            if (not self.args.ignore_netrc
+                    and self.args.auth is None
+                    and plugin.netrc_parse):
+                # Only host needed, so it’s OK URL not finalized.
+                netrc_credentials = get_netrc_auth(self.args.url)
+                if netrc_credentials:
+                    self.args.auth = AuthCredentials(
+                        key=netrc_credentials[0],
+                        value=netrc_credentials[1],
+                        sep=SEPARATOR_CREDENTIALS,
+                        orig=SEPARATOR_CREDENTIALS.join(netrc_credentials)
+                    )
+
+            if plugin.auth_require and self.args.auth is None:
+                self.error('--auth required')
+
+            plugin.raw_auth = self.args.auth
+            self.args.auth_plugin = plugin
+            already_parsed = isinstance(self.args.auth, AuthCredentials)
+
+            if self.args.auth is None or not plugin.auth_parse:
+                self.args.auth = plugin.get_auth()
+            else:
+                if already_parsed:
+                    # from the URL
+                    credentials = self.args.auth
+                else:
+                    credentials = parse_auth(self.args.auth)
+
+                if (not credentials.has_password()
+                        and plugin.prompt_password):
+                    if self.args.ignore_stdin:
+                        # Non-tty stdin read by now
+                        self.error(
+                            'Unable to prompt for passwords because'
+                            ' --ignore-stdin is set.'
+                        )
+                    credentials.prompt_password(url.netloc)
+
+                if (credentials.key and credentials.value):
+                    plugin.raw_auth = credentials.key + ":" + credentials.value
+
+                self.args.auth = plugin.get_auth(
+                    username=credentials.key,
+                    password=credentials.value,
+                )
+        if not self.args.auth and self.args.ignore_netrc:
+            # Set a no-op auth to force requests to ignore .netrc
+            # <https://github.com/psf/requests/issues/2773#issuecomment-174312831>
+            self.args.auth = ExplicitNullAuth()
+
+    def _apply_no_options(self, no_options):
+        """For every `--no-OPTION` in `no_options`, set `args.OPTION` to
+        its default value. This allows for un-setting of options, e.g.,
+        specified in config.
+
+        """
+        invalid = []
+
+        for option in no_options:
+            if not option.startswith('--no-'):
+                invalid.append(option)
+                continue
+
+            # --no-option => --option
+            inverted = '--' + option[5:]
+            for action in self._actions:
+                if inverted in action.option_strings:
+                    setattr(self.args, action.dest, action.default)
+                    break
+            else:
+                invalid.append(option)
+
+        if invalid:
+            self.error(f'unrecognized arguments: {" ".join(invalid)}')
+
+    def _body_from_file(self, fd):
+        """Read the data from a file-like object.
+
+        Bytes are always read.
+
+        """
+        self._ensure_one_data_source(self.args.data, self.args.files)
+        self.args.data = getattr(fd, 'buffer', fd)
+
+    def _body_from_input(self, data):
+        """Read the data from the CLI.
+
+        """
+        self._ensure_one_data_source(self.has_stdin_data, self.args.data,
+                                     self.args.files)
+        self.args.data = data.encode()
+
+    def _ensure_one_data_source(self, *other_sources):
+        """There can only be one source of input request data.
+
+        """
+        if any(other_sources):
+            self.error('Request body (from stdin, --raw or a file) and request '
+                       'data (key=value) cannot be mixed. Pass '
+                       '--ignore-stdin to let key/value take priority. '
+                       'See https://httpie.io/docs#scripting for details.')
+
+    def _guess_method(self):
+        """Set `args.method` if not specified to either POST or GET
+        based on whether the request has data or not.
+
+        """
+        if self.args.method is None:
+            # Invoked as `http URL'.
+            assert not self.args.request_items
+            if self.has_input_data:
+                self.args.method = HTTP_POST
+            else:
+                self.args.method = HTTP_GET
+
+        # FIXME: False positive, e.g., "localhost" matches but is a valid URL.
+        elif not re.match('^[a-zA-Z]+$', self.args.method):
+            # Invoked as `http URL item+'. The URL is now in `args.method`
+            # and the first ITEM is now incorrectly in `args.url`.
+            try:
+                # Parse the URL as an ITEM and store it as the first ITEM arg.
+                self.args.request_items.insert(0, KeyValueArgType(
+                    *SEPARATOR_GROUP_ALL_ITEMS).__call__(self.args.url))
+
+            except argparse.ArgumentTypeError as e:
+                if self.args.traceback:
+                    raise
+                self.error(e.args[0])
+
+            else:
+                # Set the URL correctly
+                self.args.url = self.args.method
+                # Infer the method
+                has_data = (
+                    self.has_input_data
+                    or any(
+                        item.sep in SEPARATOR_GROUP_DATA_ITEMS
+                        for item in self.args.request_items)
+                )
+                self.args.method = HTTP_POST if has_data else HTTP_GET
+
+    def _parse_items(self):
+        """
+        Parse `args.request_items` into `args.headers`, `args.data`,
+        `args.params`, and `args.files`.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            request_items = RequestItems.from_args(
+                request_item_args=self.args.request_items,
+                request_type=self.args.request_type,
+            )
+        except ParseError as e:
+            if self.args.traceback:
+                raise
+            self.error(e.args[0])
+        else:
+            self.args.headers = request_items.headers
+            self.args.data = request_items.data
+            self.args.files = request_items.files
+            self.args.params = request_items.params
+            self.args.multipart_data = request_items.multipart_data
+
+        if self.args.files and not self.args.form:
+            # `http url @/path/to/file`
+            request_file = None
+            for key, file in self.args.files.items():
+                if key != '':
+                    self.error(
+                        'Invalid file fields (perhaps you meant --form?):'
+                        f' {",".join(self.args.files.keys())}')
+                if request_file is not None:
+                    self.error("Can't read request from multiple files")
+                request_file = file
+
+            fn, fd, ct = request_file
+            self.args.files = {}
+
+            self._body_from_file(fd)
+
+            if 'Content-Type' not in self.args.headers:
+                content_type = get_content_type(fn)
+                if content_type:
+                    self.args.headers['Content-Type'] = content_type
+
+    def _process_output_options(self):
+        """Apply defaults to output options, or validate the provided ones.
+
+        The default output options are stdout-type-sensitive.
+
+        """
+
+        def check_options(value, option):
+            unknown = set(value) - OUTPUT_OPTIONS
+            if unknown:
+                self.error(f'Unknown output options: {option}={",".join(unknown)}')
+
+        if self.args.verbose:
+            self.args.all = True
+
+        if self.args.output_options is None:
+            if self.args.verbose >= 2:
+                self.args.output_options = ''.join(OUTPUT_OPTIONS)
+            elif self.args.verbose == 1:
+                self.args.output_options = ''.join(BASE_OUTPUT_OPTIONS)
+            elif self.args.offline:
+                self.args.output_options = OUTPUT_OPTIONS_DEFAULT_OFFLINE
+            elif not self.env.stdout_isatty:
+                self.args.output_options = OUTPUT_OPTIONS_DEFAULT_STDOUT_REDIRECTED
+            else:
+                self.args.output_options = OUTPUT_OPTIONS_DEFAULT
+
+        if self.args.output_options_history is None:
+            self.args.output_options_history = self.args.output_options
+
+        check_options(self.args.output_options, '--print')
+        check_options(self.args.output_options_history, '--history-print')
+
+        if self.args.download and OUT_RESP_BODY in self.args.output_options:
+            # Response body is always downloaded with --download and it goes
+            # through a different routine, so we remove it.
+            self.args.output_options = str(
+                set(self.args.output_options) - set(OUT_RESP_BODY))
+
+    def _process_pretty_options(self):
+        if self.args.prettify == PRETTY_STDOUT_TTY_ONLY:
+            self.args.prettify = PRETTY_MAP[
+                'all' if self.env.stdout_isatty else 'none']
+        elif (self.args.prettify and self.env.is_windows
+              and self.args.output_file):
+            self.error('Only terminal output can be colorized on Windows.')
+        else:
+            # noinspection PyTypeChecker
+            self.args.prettify = PRETTY_MAP[self.args.prettify]
+
+    def _process_download_options(self):
+        if self.args.offline:
+            self.args.download = False
+            self.args.download_resume = False
+            return
+        if not self.args.download:
+            if self.args.download_resume:
+                self.error('--continue only works with --download')
+        if self.args.download_resume and not (
+                self.args.download and self.args.output_file):
+            self.error('--continue requires --output to be specified')
+
+    def _process_format_options(self):
+        format_options = self.args.format_options or []
+        parsed_options = PARSED_DEFAULT_FORMAT_OPTIONS
+        for options_group in format_options:
+            parsed_options = parse_format_options(options_group, defaults=parsed_options)
+        self.args.format_options = parsed_options
+
+    def print_manual(self):
+        from httpie.output.ui import man_pages
+
+        if man_pages.is_available(self.env.program_name):
+            man_pages.display_for(self.env, self.env.program_name)
+            return None
+
+        text = self.format_help()
+        with self.env.rich_console.pager():
+            self.env.rich_console.print(
+                text,
+                highlight=False
+            )
+
+    def print_usage(self, file):
+        from rich.text import Text
+        from httpie.output.ui import rich_help
+
+        whitelist = set()
+        _, exception, _ = sys.exc_info()
+        if (
+            isinstance(exception, argparse.ArgumentError)
+            and len(exception.args) >= 1
+            and isinstance(exception.args[0], argparse.Action)
+            and exception.args[0].option_strings
+        ):
+            # add_usage path is also taken when you pass an invalid option,
+            # e.g --style=invalid. If something like that happens, we want
+            # to include to action that caused to the invalid usage into
+            # the list of actions we are displaying.
+            whitelist.add(exception.args[0].option_strings[0])
+
+        usage_text = Text('usage', style='bold')
+        usage_text.append(':\n    ')
+        usage_text.append(rich_help.to_usage(self.spec, whitelist=whitelist))
+        self.env.rich_error_console.print(usage_text)
+
+    def error(self, message):
+        """Prints a usage message incorporating the message to stderr and
+        exits."""
+        self.print_usage(sys.stderr)
+        self.env.rich_error_console.print(
+            dedent(
+                f'''
+                [bold]error[/bold]:
+                    {message}
+
+                [bold]for more information[/bold]:
+                    run '{self.prog} --help' or visit https://httpie.io/docs/cli
+                '''.rstrip()
+            )
+        )
+        self.exit(2)

httpie/cli/argtypes.py

@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+import argparse
+import getpass
+import os
+import sys
+from copy import deepcopy
+from typing import List, Optional, Union
+
+from .constants import DEFAULT_FORMAT_OPTIONS, SEPARATOR_CREDENTIALS
+from ..sessions import VALID_SESSION_NAME_PATTERN
+
+
+class KeyValueArg:
+    """Base key-value pair parsed from CLI."""
+
+    def __init__(self, key: str, value: Optional[str], sep: str, orig: str):
+        self.key = key
+        self.value = value
+        self.sep = sep
+        self.orig = orig
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: 'KeyValueArg'):
+        return self.__dict__ == other.__dict__
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return repr(self.__dict__)
+
+
+class SessionNameValidator:
+
+    def __init__(self, error_message: str):
+        self.error_message = error_message
+
+    def __call__(self, value: str) -> str:
+        # Session name can be a path or just a name.
+        if (os.path.sep not in value
+                and not VALID_SESSION_NAME_PATTERN.search(value)):
+            raise argparse.ArgumentError(None, self.error_message)
+        return value
+
+
+class Escaped(str):
+    """Represents an escaped character."""
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"Escaped({repr(str(self))})"
+
+
+class KeyValueArgType:
+    """A key-value pair argument type used with `argparse`.
+
+    Parses a key-value arg and constructs a `KeyValueArg` instance.
+    Used for headers, form data, and other key-value pair types.
+
+    """
+
+    key_value_class = KeyValueArg
+
+    def __init__(self, *separators: str):
+        self.separators = separators
+        self.special_characters = set()
+        for separator in separators:
+            self.special_characters.update(separator)
+
+    def __call__(self, s: str) -> KeyValueArg:
+        """Parse raw string arg and return `self.key_value_class` instance.
+
+        The best of `self.separators` is determined (first found, longest).
+        Back slash escaped characters aren't considered as separators
+        (or parts thereof). Literal back slash characters have to be escaped
+        as well (r'\\').
+
+        """
+        tokens = self.tokenize(s)
+
+        # Sorting by length ensures that the longest one will be
+        # chosen as it will overwrite any shorter ones starting
+        # at the same position in the `found` dictionary.
+        separators = sorted(self.separators, key=len)
+
+        for i, token in enumerate(tokens):
+
+            if isinstance(token, Escaped):
+                continue
+
+            found = {}
+            for sep in separators:
+                pos = token.find(sep)
+                if pos != -1:
+                    found[pos] = sep
+
+            if found:
+                # Starting first, longest separator found.
+                sep = found[min(found.keys())]
+
+                key, value = token.split(sep, 1)
+
+                # Any preceding tokens are part of the key.
+                key = ''.join(tokens[:i]) + key
+
+                # Any following tokens are part of the value.
+                value += ''.join(tokens[i + 1:])
+
+                break
+
+        else:
+            raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(f'{s!r} is not a valid value')
+
+        return self.key_value_class(key=key, value=value, sep=sep, orig=s)
+
+    def tokenize(self, s: str) -> List[Union[str, Escaped]]:
+        r"""Tokenize the raw arg string
+
+        There are only two token types - strings and escaped characters:
+
+        >>> KeyValueArgType('=').tokenize(r'foo\=bar\\baz')
+        ['foo', Escaped('='), 'bar\\\\baz']
+
+        """
+        tokens = ['']
+        characters = iter(s)
+        for char in characters:
+            if char == '\\':
+                char = next(characters, '')
+                if char not in self.special_characters:
+                    tokens[-1] += '\\' + char
+                else:
+                    tokens.extend([Escaped(char), ''])
+            else:
+                tokens[-1] += char
+        return tokens
+
+
+class PromptMixin:
+    def _prompt_password(self, prompt: str) -> str:
+        prompt_text = f'http: {prompt}: '
+        try:
+            return self._getpass(prompt_text)
+        except (EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt):
+            sys.stderr.write('\n')
+            sys.exit(0)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _getpass(prompt):
+        # To allow easy mocking.
+        return getpass.getpass(str(prompt))
+
+
+class SSLCredentials(PromptMixin):
+    """Represents the passphrase for the certificate's key."""
+
+    def __init__(self, value: Optional[str]) -> None:
+        self.value = value
+
+    def prompt_password(self, key_file: str) -> None:
+        self.value = self._prompt_password(f'passphrase for {key_file}')
+
+
+class AuthCredentials(KeyValueArg, PromptMixin):
+    """Represents parsed credentials."""
+
+    def has_password(self) -> bool:
+        return self.value is not None
+
+    def prompt_password(self, host: str) -> None:
+        self.value = self._prompt_password(f'password for {self.key}@{host}:')
+
+
+class AuthCredentialsArgType(KeyValueArgType):
+    """A key-value arg type that parses credentials."""
+
+    key_value_class = AuthCredentials
+
+    def __call__(self, s):
+        """Parse credentials from `s`.
+
+        ("username" or "username:password").
+
+        """
+        try:
+            return super().__call__(s)
+        except argparse.ArgumentTypeError:
+            # No password provided, will prompt for it later.
+            return self.key_value_class(
+                key=s,
+                value=None,
+                sep=SEPARATOR_CREDENTIALS,
+                orig=s
+            )
+
+
+parse_auth = AuthCredentialsArgType(SEPARATOR_CREDENTIALS)
+
+
+def readable_file_arg(filename):
+    try:
+        with open(filename, 'rb'):
+            return filename
+    except OSError as ex:
+        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(f'{ex.filename}: {ex.strerror}')
+
+
+def parse_format_options(s: str, defaults: Optional[dict]) -> dict:
+    """
+    Parse `s` and update `defaults` with the parsed values.
+
+    >>> parse_format_options(
+    ... defaults={'json': {'indent': 4, 'sort_keys': True}},
+    ... s='json.indent:2,json.sort_keys:False',
+    ... )
+    {'json': {'indent': 2, 'sort_keys': False}}
+
+    """
+    value_map = {
+        'true': True,
+        'false': False,
+    }
+    options = deepcopy(defaults or {})
+    for option in s.split(','):
+        try:
+            path, value = option.lower().split(':')
+            section, key = path.split('.')
+        except ValueError:
+            raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(f'invalid option {option!r}')
+
+        if value in value_map:
+            parsed_value = value_map[value]
+        else:
+            if value.isnumeric():
+                parsed_value = int(value)
+            else:
+                parsed_value = value
+
+        if defaults is None:
+            options.setdefault(section, {})
+        else:
+            try:
+                default_value = defaults[section][key]
+            except KeyError:
+                raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(
+                    f'invalid key {path!r}')
+
+            default_type, parsed_type = type(default_value), type(parsed_value)
+            if parsed_type is not default_type:
+                raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(
+                    'invalid value'
+                    f' {value!r} in {option!r}'
+                    f' (expected {default_type.__name__}'
+                    f' got {parsed_type.__name__})'
+                )
+
+        options[section][key] = parsed_value
+
+    return options
+
+
+PARSED_DEFAULT_FORMAT_OPTIONS = parse_format_options(
+    s=','.join(DEFAULT_FORMAT_OPTIONS),
+    defaults=None,
+)
+
+
+def response_charset_type(encoding: str) -> str:
+    try:
+        ''.encode(encoding)
+    except LookupError:
+        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(
+            f'{encoding!r} is not a supported encoding')
+    return encoding
+
+
+def response_mime_type(mime_type: str) -> str:
+    if mime_type.count('/') != 1:
+        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(
+            f'{mime_type!r} doesn’t look like a mime type; use type/subtype')
+    return mime_type

httpie/cli/constants.py

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+"""Parsing and processing of CLI input (args, auth credentials, files, stdin).
+
+"""
+import enum
+import re
+
+
+URL_SCHEME_RE = re.compile(r'^[a-z][a-z0-9.+-]*://', re.IGNORECASE)
+
+HTTP_POST = 'POST'
+HTTP_GET = 'GET'
+HTTP_OPTIONS = 'OPTIONS'
+
+# Various separators used in args
+SEPARATOR_HEADER = ':'
+SEPARATOR_HEADER_EMPTY = ';'
+SEPARATOR_CREDENTIALS = ':'
+SEPARATOR_PROXY = ':'
+SEPARATOR_HEADER_EMBED = ':@'
+SEPARATOR_DATA_STRING = '='
+SEPARATOR_DATA_RAW_JSON = ':='
+SEPARATOR_FILE_UPLOAD = '@'
+SEPARATOR_FILE_UPLOAD_TYPE = ';type='  # in already parsed file upload path only
+SEPARATOR_DATA_EMBED_FILE_CONTENTS = '=@'
+SEPARATOR_DATA_EMBED_RAW_JSON_FILE = ':=@'
+SEPARATOR_QUERY_PARAM = '=='
+SEPARATOR_QUERY_EMBED_FILE = '==@'
+
+# Separators that become request data
+SEPARATOR_GROUP_DATA_ITEMS = frozenset({
+    SEPARATOR_DATA_STRING,
+    SEPARATOR_DATA_RAW_JSON,
+    SEPARATOR_FILE_UPLOAD,
+    SEPARATOR_DATA_EMBED_FILE_CONTENTS,
+    SEPARATOR_DATA_EMBED_RAW_JSON_FILE
+})
+
+SEPARATORS_GROUP_MULTIPART = frozenset({
+    SEPARATOR_DATA_STRING,
+    SEPARATOR_DATA_EMBED_FILE_CONTENTS,
+    SEPARATOR_FILE_UPLOAD,
+})
+
+# Separators for items whose value is a filename to be embedded
+SEPARATOR_GROUP_DATA_EMBED_ITEMS = frozenset({
+    SEPARATOR_HEADER_EMBED,
+    SEPARATOR_QUERY_EMBED_FILE,
+    SEPARATOR_DATA_EMBED_FILE_CONTENTS,
+    SEPARATOR_DATA_EMBED_RAW_JSON_FILE,
+})
+
+# Separators for nested JSON items
+SEPARATOR_GROUP_NESTED_JSON_ITEMS = frozenset([
+    SEPARATOR_DATA_STRING,
+    SEPARATOR_DATA_RAW_JSON,
+    SEPARATOR_DATA_EMBED_FILE_CONTENTS,
+    SEPARATOR_DATA_EMBED_RAW_JSON_FILE,
+])
+
+# Separators allowed in ITEM arguments
+SEPARATOR_GROUP_ALL_ITEMS = frozenset({
+    SEPARATOR_HEADER,
+    SEPARATOR_HEADER_EMPTY,
+    SEPARATOR_HEADER_EMBED,
+    SEPARATOR_QUERY_PARAM,
+    SEPARATOR_QUERY_EMBED_FILE,
+    SEPARATOR_DATA_STRING,
+    SEPARATOR_DATA_RAW_JSON,
+    SEPARATOR_FILE_UPLOAD,
+    SEPARATOR_DATA_EMBED_FILE_CONTENTS,
+    SEPARATOR_DATA_EMBED_RAW_JSON_FILE,
+})
+
+# Output options
+OUT_REQ_HEAD = 'H'
+OUT_REQ_BODY = 'B'
+OUT_RESP_HEAD = 'h'
+OUT_RESP_BODY = 'b'
+OUT_RESP_META = 'm'
+
+BASE_OUTPUT_OPTIONS = frozenset({
+    OUT_REQ_HEAD,
+    OUT_REQ_BODY,
+    OUT_RESP_HEAD,
+    OUT_RESP_BODY,
+})
+
+OUTPUT_OPTIONS = frozenset({
+    *BASE_OUTPUT_OPTIONS,
+    OUT_RESP_META,
+})
+
+# Pretty
+
+
+class PrettyOptions(enum.Enum):
+    STDOUT_TTY_ONLY = enum.auto()
+
+
+PRETTY_MAP = {
+    'all': ['format', 'colors'],
+    'colors': ['colors'],
+    'format': ['format'],
+    'none': []
+}
+PRETTY_STDOUT_TTY_ONLY = PrettyOptions.STDOUT_TTY_ONLY
+
+
+DEFAULT_FORMAT_OPTIONS = [
+    'headers.sort:true',
+    'json.format:true',
+    'json.indent:4',
+    'json.sort_keys:true',
+    'xml.format:true',
+    'xml.indent:2',
+]
+SORTED_FORMAT_OPTIONS = [
+    'headers.sort:true',
+    'json.sort_keys:true',
+]
+SORTED_FORMAT_OPTIONS_STRING = ','.join(SORTED_FORMAT_OPTIONS)
+UNSORTED_FORMAT_OPTIONS_STRING = ','.join(
+    option.replace('true', 'false') for option in SORTED_FORMAT_OPTIONS)
+
+# Defaults
+OUTPUT_OPTIONS_DEFAULT = OUT_RESP_HEAD + OUT_RESP_BODY
+OUTPUT_OPTIONS_DEFAULT_STDOUT_REDIRECTED = OUT_RESP_BODY
+OUTPUT_OPTIONS_DEFAULT_OFFLINE = OUT_REQ_HEAD + OUT_REQ_BODY
+
+
+class RequestType(enum.Enum):
+    FORM = enum.auto()
+    MULTIPART = enum.auto()
+    JSON = enum.auto()

httpie/cli/definition.py

@@ -0,0 +1,935 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import textwrap
+from argparse import FileType
+
+from httpie import __doc__, __version__
+from httpie.cli.argtypes import (KeyValueArgType, SessionNameValidator,
+                                 SSLCredentials, readable_file_arg,
+                                 response_charset_type, response_mime_type)
+from httpie.cli.constants import (BASE_OUTPUT_OPTIONS, DEFAULT_FORMAT_OPTIONS,
+                                  OUT_REQ_BODY, OUT_REQ_HEAD, OUT_RESP_BODY,
+                                  OUT_RESP_HEAD, OUT_RESP_META, OUTPUT_OPTIONS,
+                                  OUTPUT_OPTIONS_DEFAULT, PRETTY_MAP,
+                                  PRETTY_STDOUT_TTY_ONLY,
+                                  SEPARATOR_GROUP_ALL_ITEMS, SEPARATOR_PROXY,
+                                  SORTED_FORMAT_OPTIONS_STRING,
+                                  UNSORTED_FORMAT_OPTIONS_STRING, RequestType)
+from httpie.cli.options import ParserSpec, Qualifiers, to_argparse
+from httpie.output.formatters.colors import (AUTO_STYLE, DEFAULT_STYLE, BUNDLED_STYLES,
+                                             get_available_styles)
+from httpie.plugins.builtin import BuiltinAuthPlugin
+from httpie.plugins.registry import plugin_manager
+from httpie.ssl_ import AVAILABLE_SSL_VERSION_ARG_MAPPING, DEFAULT_SSL_CIPHERS
+
+options = ParserSpec(
+    'http',
+    description=f'{__doc__.strip()} <https://httpie.io>',
+    epilog="""
+    For every --OPTION there is also a --no-OPTION that reverts OPTION
+    to its default value.
+
+    Suggestions and bug reports are greatly appreciated:
+        https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues
+    """,
+    source_file=__file__
+)
+
+
+#######################################################################
+# Positional arguments.
+#######################################################################
+
+positional_arguments = options.add_group(
+    'Positional arguments',
+    description="""
+    These arguments come after any flags and in the order they are listed here.
+    Only URL is required.
+    """,
+)
+
+positional_arguments.add_argument(
+    dest='method',
+    metavar='METHOD',
+    nargs=Qualifiers.OPTIONAL,
+    default=None,
+    short_help='The HTTP method to be used for the request (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, ...).',
+    help="""
+    The HTTP method to be used for the request (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, ...).
+
+    This argument can be omitted in which case HTTPie will use POST if there
+    is some data to be sent, otherwise GET:
+
+        $ http example.org               # => GET
+        $ http example.org hello=world   # => POST
+
+    """,
+)
+positional_arguments.add_argument(
+    dest='url',
+    metavar='URL',
+    short_help='The request URL.',
+    help="""
+    The request URL. Scheme defaults to 'http://' if the URL
+    does not include one. (You can override this with: --default-scheme=http/https)
+
+    You can also use a shorthand for localhost
+
+        $ http :3000                    # => http://localhost:3000
+        $ http :/foo                    # => http://localhost/foo
+
+    """,
+)
+positional_arguments.add_argument(
+    dest='request_items',
+    metavar='REQUEST_ITEM',
+    nargs=Qualifiers.ZERO_OR_MORE,
+    default=None,
+    type=KeyValueArgType(*SEPARATOR_GROUP_ALL_ITEMS),
+    short_help=(
+        'HTTPie’s request items syntax for specifying HTTP headers, JSON/Form'
+        'data, files, and URL parameters.'
+    ),
+    nested_options=[
+        ('HTTP Headers', 'Name:Value', 'Arbitrary HTTP header, e.g X-API-Token:123'),
+        ('URL Parameters', 'name==value', 'Querystring parameter to the URL, e.g limit==50'),
+        ('Data Fields', 'field=value', 'Data fields to be serialized as JSON (default) or Form Data (with --form)'),
+        ('Raw JSON Fields', 'field:=json', 'Data field for real JSON types.'),
+        ('File upload Fields', 'field@/dir/file', 'Path field for uploading a file.'),
+    ],
+    help=r"""
+    Optional key-value pairs to be included in the request. The separator used
+    determines the type:
+
+    ':' HTTP headers:
+
+        Referer:https://httpie.io  Cookie:foo=bar  User-Agent:bacon/1.0
+
+    '==' URL parameters to be appended to the request URI:
+
+        search==httpie
+
+    '=' Data fields to be serialized into a JSON object (with --json, -j)
+        or form data (with --form, -f):
+
+        name=HTTPie  language=Python  description='CLI HTTP client'
+
+    ':=' Non-string JSON data fields (only with --json, -j):
+
+        awesome:=true  amount:=42  colors:='["red", "green", "blue"]'
+
+    '@' Form file fields (only with --form or --multipart):
+
+        cv@~/Documents/CV.pdf
+        cv@'~/Documents/CV.pdf;type=application/pdf'
+
+    '=@' A data field like '=', but takes a file path and embeds its content:
+
+        essay=@Documents/essay.txt
+
+    ':=@' A raw JSON field like ':=', but takes a file path and embeds its content:
+
+        package:=@./package.json
+
+    You can use a backslash to escape a colliding separator in the field name:
+
+        field-name-with\:colon=value
+
+    """,
+)
+
+#######################################################################
+# Content type.
+#######################################################################
+
+content_types = options.add_group('Predefined content types')
+
+content_types.add_argument(
+    '--json',
+    '-j',
+    action='store_const',
+    const=RequestType.JSON,
+    dest='request_type',
+    short_help='(default) Serialize data items from the command line as a JSON object.',
+    help="""
+    (default) Data items from the command line are serialized as a JSON object.
+    The Content-Type and Accept headers are set to application/json
+    (if not specified).
+
+    """,
+)
+content_types.add_argument(
+    '--form',
+    '-f',
+    action='store_const',
+    const=RequestType.FORM,
+    dest='request_type',
+    short_help='Serialize data items from the command line as form field data.',
+    help="""
+    Data items from the command line are serialized as form fields.
+
+    The Content-Type is set to application/x-www-form-urlencoded (if not
+    specified). The presence of any file fields results in a
+    multipart/form-data request.
+
+    """,
+)
+content_types.add_argument(
+    '--multipart',
+    action='store_const',
+    const=RequestType.MULTIPART,
+    dest='request_type',
+    short_help=(
+        'Similar to --form, but always sends a multipart/form-data '
+        'request (i.e., even without files).'
+    )
+)
+content_types.add_argument(
+    '--boundary',
+    short_help=(
+        'Specify a custom boundary string for multipart/form-data requests. '
+        'Only has effect only together with --form.'
+    )
+)
+content_types.add_argument(
+    '--raw',
+    short_help='Pass raw request data without extra processing.',
+    help="""
+    This option allows you to pass raw request data without extra processing
+    (as opposed to the structured request items syntax):
+
+        $ http --raw='data' pie.dev/post
+
+    You can achieve the same by piping the data via stdin:
+
+        $ echo data | http pie.dev/post
+
+    Or have HTTPie load the raw data from a file:
+
+        $ http pie.dev/post @data.txt
+
+
+    """,
+)
+
+#######################################################################
+# Content processing.
+#######################################################################
+
+processing_options = options.add_group('Content processing options')
+
+processing_options.add_argument(
+    '--compress',
+    '-x',
+    action='count',
+    default=0,
+    short_help='Compress the content with Deflate algorithm.',
+    help="""
+    Content compressed (encoded) with Deflate algorithm.
+    The Content-Encoding header is set to deflate.
+
+    Compression is skipped if it appears that compression ratio is
+    negative. Compression can be forced by repeating the argument.
+
+    """,
+)
+
+#######################################################################
+# Output processing
+#######################################################################
+
+
+def format_style_help(available_styles, *, isolation_mode: bool = False):
+    text = """
+    Output coloring style (default is "{default}"). It can be one of:
+
+        {available_styles}
+    """
+    if isolation_mode:
+        text += '\n\n'
+        text += 'For finding out all available styles in your system, try:\n\n'
+        text += '    $ http --style\n'
+    text += textwrap.dedent("""
+        The "{auto_style}" style follows your terminal's ANSI color styles.
+        For non-{auto_style} styles to work properly, please make sure that the
+        $TERM environment variable is set to "xterm-256color" or similar
+        (e.g., via `export TERM=xterm-256color' in your ~/.bashrc).
+    """)
+
+    if isolation_mode:
+        available_styles = sorted(BUNDLED_STYLES)
+
+    available_styles_text = '\n'.join(
+        f'    {line.strip()}'
+        for line in textwrap.wrap(', '.join(available_styles), 60)
+    ).strip()
+    return text.format(
+        default=DEFAULT_STYLE,
+        available_styles=available_styles_text,
+        auto_style=AUTO_STYLE,
+    )
+
+
+_sorted_kwargs = {
+    'action': 'append_const',
+    'const': SORTED_FORMAT_OPTIONS_STRING,
+    'dest': 'format_options',
+}
+_unsorted_kwargs = {
+    'action': 'append_const',
+    'const': UNSORTED_FORMAT_OPTIONS_STRING,
+    'dest': 'format_options',
+}
+
+output_processing = options.add_group('Output processing')
+
+output_processing.add_argument(
+    '--pretty',
+    dest='prettify',
+    default=PRETTY_STDOUT_TTY_ONLY,
+    choices=sorted(PRETTY_MAP.keys()),
+    short_help='Control the processing of console outputs.',
+    help="""
+    Controls output processing. The value can be "none" to not prettify
+    the output (default for redirected output), "all" to apply both colors
+    and formatting (default for terminal output), "colors", or "format".
+
+    """,
+)
+output_processing.add_argument(
+    '--style',
+    '-s',
+    dest='style',
+    metavar='STYLE',
+    default=DEFAULT_STYLE,
+    action='lazy_choices',
+    getter=get_available_styles,
+    short_help=f'Output coloring style (default is "{DEFAULT_STYLE}").',
+    help_formatter=format_style_help,
+)
+
+# The closest approx. of the documented resetting to default via --no-<option>.
+# We hide them from the doc because they act only as low-level aliases here.
+output_processing.add_argument(
+    '--no-unsorted', **_sorted_kwargs, help=Qualifiers.SUPPRESS
+)
+output_processing.add_argument(
+    '--no-sorted', **_unsorted_kwargs, help=Qualifiers.SUPPRESS
+)
+
+output_processing.add_argument(
+    '--unsorted',
+    **_unsorted_kwargs,
+    short_help='Disables all sorting while formatting output.',
+    help=f"""
+    Disables all sorting while formatting output. It is a shortcut for:
+
+        --format-options={UNSORTED_FORMAT_OPTIONS_STRING}
+
+    """,
+)
+output_processing.add_argument(
+    '--sorted',
+    **_sorted_kwargs,
+    short_help='Re-enables all sorting options while formatting output.',
+    help=f"""
+    Re-enables all sorting options while formatting output. It is a shortcut for:
+
+        --format-options={SORTED_FORMAT_OPTIONS_STRING}
+
+    """,
+)
+output_processing.add_argument(
+    '--response-charset',
+    metavar='ENCODING',
+    type=response_charset_type,
+    short_help='Override the response encoding for terminal display purposes.',
+    help="""
+    Override the response encoding for terminal display purposes, e.g.:
+
+        --response-charset=utf8
+        --response-charset=big5
+
+    """,
+)
+output_processing.add_argument(
+    '--response-mime',
+    metavar='MIME_TYPE',
+    type=response_mime_type,
+    short_help='Override the response mime type for coloring and formatting for the terminal.',
+    help="""
+    Override the response mime type for coloring and formatting for the terminal, e.g.:
+
+        --response-mime=application/json
+        --response-mime=text/xml
+
+    """,
+)
+output_processing.add_argument(
+    '--format-options',
+    action='append',
+    short_help='Controls output formatting.',
+    help="""
+    Controls output formatting. Only relevant when formatting is enabled
+    through (explicit or implied) --pretty=all or --pretty=format.
+    The following are the default options:
+
+        {option_list}
+
+    You may use this option multiple times, as well as specify multiple
+    comma-separated options at the same time. For example, this modifies the
+    settings to disable the sorting of JSON keys, and sets the indent size to 2:
+
+        --format-options json.sort_keys:false,json.indent:2
+
+    This is something you will typically put into your config file.
+
+    """.format(
+        option_list='\n'.join(
+            f'        {option}' for option in DEFAULT_FORMAT_OPTIONS
+        ).strip()
+    ),
+)
+
+#######################################################################
+# Output options
+#######################################################################
+
+output_options = options.add_group('Output options')
+
+output_options.add_argument(
+    '--print',
+    '-p',
+    dest='output_options',
+    metavar='WHAT',
+    short_help='Options to specify what the console output should contain.',
+    help=f"""
+    String specifying what the output should contain:
+
+        '{OUT_REQ_HEAD}' request headers
+        '{OUT_REQ_BODY}' request body
+        '{OUT_RESP_HEAD}' response headers
+        '{OUT_RESP_BODY}' response body
+        '{OUT_RESP_META}' response metadata
+
+    The default behaviour is '{OUTPUT_OPTIONS_DEFAULT}' (i.e., the response
+    headers and body is printed), if standard output is not redirected.
+    If the output is piped to another program or to a file, then only the
+    response body is printed by default.
+
+    """,
+)
+output_options.add_argument(
+    '--headers',
+    '-h',
+    dest='output_options',
+    action='store_const',
+    const=OUT_RESP_HEAD,
+    short_help='Print only the response headers.',
+    help=f"""
+    Print only the response headers. Shortcut for --print={OUT_RESP_HEAD}.
+
+    """,
+)
+output_options.add_argument(
+    '--meta',
+    '-m',
+    dest='output_options',
+    action='store_const',
+    const=OUT_RESP_META,
+    short_help='Print only the response metadata.',
+    help=f"""
+    Print only the response metadata. Shortcut for --print={OUT_RESP_META}.
+
+    """,
+)
+output_options.add_argument(
+    '--body',
+    '-b',
+    dest='output_options',
+    action='store_const',
+    const=OUT_RESP_BODY,
+    short_help='Print only the response body.',
+    help=f"""
+    Print only the response body. Shortcut for --print={OUT_RESP_BODY}.
+
+    """,
+)
+
+output_options.add_argument(
+    '--verbose',
+    '-v',
+    dest='verbose',
+    action='count',
+    default=0,
+    short_help='Make output more verbose.',
+    help=f"""
+    Verbose output. For the level one (with single `-v`/`--verbose`), print
+    the whole request as well as the response. Also print any intermediary
+    requests/responses (such as redirects). For the second level and higher,
+    print these as well as the response metadata.
+
+    Level one is a shortcut for: --all --print={''.join(sorted(BASE_OUTPUT_OPTIONS))}
+    Level two is a shortcut for: --all --print={''.join(sorted(OUTPUT_OPTIONS))}
+    """,
+)
+output_options.add_argument(
+    '--all',
+    default=False,
+    action='store_true',
+    short_help='Show any intermediary requests/responses.',
+    help="""
+    By default, only the final request/response is shown. Use this flag to show
+    any intermediary requests/responses as well. Intermediary requests include
+    followed redirects (with --follow), the first unauthorized request when
+    Digest auth is used (--auth=digest), etc.
+
+    """,
+)
+output_options.add_argument(
+    '--history-print',
+    '-P',
+    dest='output_options_history',
+    metavar='WHAT',
+    help=Qualifiers.SUPPRESS,
+)
+output_options.add_argument(
+    '--stream',
+    '-S',
+    action='store_true',
+    default=False,
+    short_help='Always stream the response body by line, i.e., behave like `tail -f`.',
+    help="""
+    Always stream the response body by line, i.e., behave like `tail -f'.
+
+    Without --stream and with --pretty (either set or implied),
+    HTTPie fetches the whole response before it outputs the processed data.
+
+    Set this option when you want to continuously display a prettified
+    long-lived response, such as one from the Twitter streaming API.
+
+    It is useful also without --pretty: It ensures that the output is flushed
+    more often and in smaller chunks.
+
+    """,
+)
+output_options.add_argument(
+    '--output',
+    '-o',
+    type=FileType('a+b'),
+    dest='output_file',
+    metavar='FILE',
+    short_help='Save output to FILE instead of stdout.',
+    help="""
+    Save output to FILE instead of stdout. If --download is also set, then only
+    the response body is saved to FILE. Other parts of the HTTP exchange are
+    printed to stderr.
+
+    """,
+)
+
+output_options.add_argument(
+    '--download',
+    '-d',
+    action='store_true',
+    default=False,
+    short_help='Download the body to a file instead of printing it to stdout.',
+    help="""
+    Do not print the response body to stdout. Rather, download it and store it
+    in a file. The filename is guessed unless specified with --output
+    [filename]. This action is similar to the default behaviour of wget.
+
+    """,
+)
+output_options.add_argument(
+    '--continue',
+    '-c',
+    dest='download_resume',
+    action='store_true',
+    default=False,
+    short_help='Resume an interrupted download (--output needs to be specified).',
+    help="""
+    Resume an interrupted download. Note that the --output option needs to be
+    specified as well.
+
+    """,
+)
+output_options.add_argument(
+    '--quiet',
+    '-q',
+    action='count',
+    default=0,
+    short_help='Do not print to stdout or stderr, except for errors and warnings when provided once.',
+    help="""
+    Do not print to stdout or stderr, except for errors and warnings when provided once.
+    Provide twice to suppress warnings as well.
+    stdout is still redirected if --output is specified.
+    Flag doesn't affect behaviour of download beyond not printing to terminal.
+
+    """,
+)
+
+#######################################################################
+# Sessions
+#######################################################################
+
+session_name_validator = SessionNameValidator(
+    'Session name contains invalid characters.'
+)
+
+sessions = options.add_group('Sessions', is_mutually_exclusive=True)
+
+sessions.add_argument(
+    '--session',
+    metavar='SESSION_NAME_OR_PATH',
+    type=session_name_validator,
+    short_help='Create, or reuse and update a session.',
+    help="""
+    Create, or reuse and update a session. Within a session, custom headers,
+    auth credential, as well as any cookies sent by the server persist between
+    requests.
+
+    Session files are stored in:
+
+        [HTTPIE_CONFIG_DIR]/<HOST>/<SESSION_NAME>.json.
+
+    See the following page to find out your default HTTPIE_CONFIG_DIR:
+
+        https://httpie.io/docs/cli/config-file-directory
+    """,
+)
+sessions.add_argument(
+    '--session-read-only',
+    metavar='SESSION_NAME_OR_PATH',
+    type=session_name_validator,
+    short_help='Create or read a session without updating it',
+    help="""
+    Create or read a session without updating it form the request/response
+    exchange.
+
+    """,
+)
+
+#######################################################################
+# Authentication
+#######################################################################
+
+
+def format_auth_help(auth_plugins_mapping, *, isolation_mode: bool = False):
+    text = """
+    The authentication mechanism to be used. Defaults to "{default}".
+
+    {auth_types}
+    """
+
+    auth_plugins = list(auth_plugins_mapping.values())
+    if isolation_mode:
+        auth_plugins = [
+            auth_plugin
+            for auth_plugin in auth_plugins
+            if issubclass(auth_plugin, BuiltinAuthPlugin)
+        ]
+        text += '\n'
+        text += 'For finding out all available authentication types in your system, try:\n\n'
+        text += '    $ http --auth-type'
+
+    auth_types = '\n\n    '.join(
+        '"{type}": {name}{package}{description}'.format(
+            type=plugin.auth_type,
+            name=plugin.name,
+            package=(
+                ''
+                if issubclass(plugin, BuiltinAuthPlugin)
+                else f' (provided by {plugin.package_name})'
+            ),
+            description=(
+                ''
+                if not plugin.description
+                else '\n      '
+                + ('\n      '.join(textwrap.wrap(plugin.description)))
+            ),
+        )
+        for plugin in auth_plugins
+    )
+
+    return text.format(
+        default=auth_plugins[0].auth_type,
+        auth_types=auth_types,
+    )
+
+
+authentication = options.add_group('Authentication')
+
+authentication.add_argument(
+    '--auth',
+    '-a',
+    default=None,
+    metavar='USER[:PASS] | TOKEN',
+    short_help='Credentials for the selected (-A) authentication method.',
+    help="""
+    For username/password based authentication mechanisms (e.g
+    basic auth or digest auth) if only the username is provided
+    (-a username), HTTPie will prompt for the password.
+
+    """,
+)
+authentication.add_argument(
+    '--auth-type',
+    '-A',
+    action='lazy_choices',
+    default=None,
+    getter=plugin_manager.get_auth_plugin_mapping,
+    sort=True,
+    cache=False,
+    short_help='The authentication mechanism to be used.',
+    help_formatter=format_auth_help,
+)
+authentication.add_argument(
+    '--ignore-netrc',
+    default=False,
+    action='store_true',
+    short_help='Ignore credentials from .netrc.'
+)
+
+#######################################################################
+# Network
+#######################################################################
+
+network = options.add_group('Network')
+
+network.add_argument(
+    '--offline',
+    default=False,
+    action='store_true',
+    short_help='Build the request and print it but don’t actually send it.'
+)
+network.add_argument(
+    '--proxy',
+    default=[],
+    action='append',
+    metavar='PROTOCOL:PROXY_URL',
+    type=KeyValueArgType(SEPARATOR_PROXY),
+    short_help='String mapping of protocol to the URL of the proxy.',
+    help="""
+    String mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy
+    (e.g. http:http://foo.bar:3128). You can specify multiple proxies with
+    different protocols. The environment variables $ALL_PROXY, $HTTP_PROXY,
+    and $HTTPS_proxy are supported as well.
+
+    """,
+)
+network.add_argument(
+    '--follow',
+    '-F',
+    default=False,
+    action='store_true',
+    short_help='Follow 30x Location redirects.'
+)
+
+network.add_argument(
+    '--max-redirects',
+    type=int,
+    default=30,
+    short_help='The maximum number of redirects that should be followed (with --follow).',
+    help="""
+    By default, requests have a limit of 30 redirects (works with --follow).
+
+    """,
+)
+network.add_argument(
+    '--max-headers',
+    type=int,
+    default=0,
+    short_help=(
+        'The maximum number of response headers to be read before '
+        'giving up (default 0, i.e., no limit).'
+    )
+)
+
+network.add_argument(
+    '--timeout',
+    type=float,
+    default=0,
+    metavar='SECONDS',
+    short_help='The connection timeout of the request in seconds.',
+    help="""
+    The connection timeout of the request in seconds.
+    The default value is 0, i.e., there is no timeout limit.
+    This is not a time limit on the entire response download;
+    rather, an error is reported if the server has not issued a response for
+    timeout seconds (more precisely, if no bytes have been received on
+    the underlying socket for timeout seconds).
+
+    """,
+)
+network.add_argument(
+    '--check-status',
+    default=False,
+    action='store_true',
+    short_help='Exit with an error status code if the server replies with an error.',
+    help="""
+    By default, HTTPie exits with 0 when no network or other fatal errors
+    occur. This flag instructs HTTPie to also check the HTTP status code and
+    exit with an error if the status indicates one.
+
+    When the server replies with a 4xx (Client Error) or 5xx (Server Error)
+    status code, HTTPie exits with 4 or 5 respectively. If the response is a
+    3xx (Redirect) and --follow hasn't been set, then the exit status is 3.
+    Also an error message is written to stderr if stdout is redirected.
+
+    """,
+)
+network.add_argument(
+    '--path-as-is',
+    default=False,
+    action='store_true',
+    short_help='Bypass dot segment (/../ or /./) URL squashing.'
+)
+network.add_argument(
+    '--chunked',
+    default=False,
+    action='store_true',
+    short_help=(
+        'Enable streaming via chunked transfer encoding. '
+        'The Transfer-Encoding header is set to chunked.'
+    )
+)
+
+#######################################################################
+# SSL
+#######################################################################
+
+ssl = options.add_group('SSL')
+
+ssl.add_argument(
+    '--verify',
+    default='yes',
+    short_help='If "no", skip SSL verification. If a file path, use it as a CA bundle.',
+    help="""
+    Set to "no" (or "false") to skip checking the host's SSL certificate.
+    Defaults to "yes" ("true"). You can also pass the path to a CA_BUNDLE file
+    for private certs. (Or you can set the REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE environment
+    variable instead.)
+    """,
+)
+ssl.add_argument(
+    '--ssl',
+    dest='ssl_version',
+    choices=sorted(AVAILABLE_SSL_VERSION_ARG_MAPPING.keys()),
+    short_help='The desired protocol version to used.',
+    help="""
+    The desired protocol version to use. This will default to
+    SSL v2.3 which will negotiate the highest protocol that both
+    the server and your installation of OpenSSL support. Available protocols
+    may vary depending on OpenSSL installation (only the supported ones
+    are shown here).
+
+    """,
+)
+ssl.add_argument(
+    '--ciphers',
+    short_help='A string in the OpenSSL cipher list format.',
+    help=f"""
+
+    A string in the OpenSSL cipher list format. By default, the following
+    is used:
+
+    {DEFAULT_SSL_CIPHERS}
+
+    """,
+)
+ssl.add_argument(
+    '--cert',
+    default=None,
+    type=readable_file_arg,
+    short_help='Specifys a local cert to use as client side SSL certificate.',
+    help="""
+    You can specify a local cert to use as client side SSL certificate.
+    This file may either contain both private key and certificate or you may
+    specify --cert-key separately.
+
+    """,
+)
+ssl.add_argument(
+    '--cert-key',
+    default=None,
+    type=readable_file_arg,
+    short_help='The private key to use with SSL. Only needed if --cert is given.',
+    help="""
+    The private key to use with SSL. Only needed if --cert is given and the
+    certificate file does not contain the private key.
+
+    """,
+)
+
+ssl.add_argument(
+    '--cert-key-pass',
+    default=None,
+    type=SSLCredentials,
+    short_help='The passphrase to be used to with the given private key.',
+    help="""
+    The passphrase to be used to with the given private key. Only needed if --cert-key
+    is given and the key file requires a passphrase.
+    If not provided, you’ll be prompted interactively.
+    """
+)
+
+#######################################################################
+# Troubleshooting
+#######################################################################
+
+troubleshooting = options.add_group('Troubleshooting')
+troubleshooting.add_argument(
+    '--ignore-stdin',
+    '-I',
+    action='store_true',
+    default=False,
+    short_help='Do not attempt to read stdin'
+)
+troubleshooting.add_argument(
+    '--help',
+    action='help',
+    default=Qualifiers.SUPPRESS,
+    short_help='Show this help message and exit.',
+)
+troubleshooting.add_argument(
+    '--manual',
+    action='manual',
+    default=Qualifiers.SUPPRESS,
+    short_help='Show the full manual.',
+)
+troubleshooting.add_argument(
+    '--version',
+    action='version',
+    version=__version__,
+    short_help='Show version and exit.',
+)
+troubleshooting.add_argument(
+    '--traceback',
+    action='store_true',
+    default=False,
+    short_help='Prints the exception traceback should one occur.',
+)
+troubleshooting.add_argument(
+    '--default-scheme',
+    default='http',
+    short_help='The default scheme to use if not specified in the URL.'
+)
+troubleshooting.add_argument(
+    '--debug',
+    action='store_true',
+    default=False,
+    short_help='Print useful diagnostic information for bug reports.',
+    help="""
+    Prints the exception traceback should one occur, as well as other
+    information useful for debugging HTTPie itself and for reporting bugs.
+
+    """,
+)
+
+#######################################################################
+# Finalization
+#######################################################################
+
+options.finalize()
+parser = to_argparse(options)

httpie/cli/dicts.py

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+from collections import OrderedDict
+
+from multidict import MultiDict, CIMultiDict
+
+
+class BaseMultiDict(MultiDict):
+    """
+    Base class for all MultiDicts.
+    """
+
+
+class HTTPHeadersDict(CIMultiDict, BaseMultiDict):
+    """
+    Headers are case-insensitive and multiple values are supported
+    through the `add()` API.
+    """
+
+    def add(self, key, value):
+        """
+        Add or update a new header.
+
+        If the given `value` is `None`, then all the previous
+        values will be overwritten and the value will be set
+        to `None`.
+        """
+        if value is None:
+            self[key] = value
+            return None
+
+        # If the previous value for the given header is `None`
+        # then discard it since we are explicitly giving a new
+        # value for it.
+        if key in self and self.getone(key) is None:
+            self.popone(key)
+
+        super().add(key, value)
+
+    def remove_item(self, key, value):
+        """
+        Remove a (key, value) pair from the dict.
+        """
+        existing_values = self.popall(key)
+        existing_values.remove(value)
+
+        for value in existing_values:
+            self.add(key, value)
+
+
+class RequestJSONDataDict(OrderedDict):
+    pass
+
+
+class MultiValueOrderedDict(OrderedDict):
+    """Multi-value dict for URL parameters and form data."""
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        """
+        If `key` is assigned more than once, `self[key]` holds a
+        `list` of all the values.
+
+        This allows having multiple fields with the same name in form
+        data and URL params.
+
+        """
+        assert not isinstance(value, list)
+        if key not in self:
+            super().__setitem__(key, value)
+        else:
+            if not isinstance(self[key], list):
+                super().__setitem__(key, [self[key]])
+            self[key].append(value)
+
+    def items(self):
+        for key, values in super().items():
+            if not isinstance(values, list):
+                values = [values]
+            for value in values:
+                yield key, value
+
+
+class RequestQueryParamsDict(MultiValueOrderedDict):
+    pass
+
+
+class RequestDataDict(MultiValueOrderedDict):
+    pass
+
+
+class MultipartRequestDataDict(MultiValueOrderedDict):
+    pass
+
+
+class RequestFilesDict(RequestDataDict):
+    pass
+
+
+class NestedJSONArray(list):
+    """Denotes a top-level JSON array."""

httpie/cli/exceptions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+class ParseError(Exception):
+    pass

httpie/cli/nested_json.py

@@ -0,0 +1,404 @@
+from enum import Enum, auto
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Iterator,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    List,
+    NoReturn,
+    Type,
+    Union,
+)
+from .dicts import NestedJSONArray
+
+
+EMPTY_STRING = ''
+HIGHLIGHTER = '^'
+OPEN_BRACKET = '['
+CLOSE_BRACKET = ']'
+BACKSLASH = '\\'
+
+
+class HTTPieSyntaxError(ValueError):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        source: str,
+        token: Optional['Token'],
+        message: str,
+        message_kind: str = 'Syntax',
+    ) -> None:
+        self.source = source
+        self.token = token
+        self.message = message
+        self.message_kind = message_kind
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        lines = [f'HTTPie {self.message_kind} Error: {self.message}']
+        if self.token is not None:
+            lines.append(self.source)
+            lines.append(
+                ' ' * self.token.start
+                + HIGHLIGHTER * (self.token.end - self.token.start)
+            )
+        return '\n'.join(lines)
+
+
+class TokenKind(Enum):
+    TEXT = auto()
+    NUMBER = auto()
+    LEFT_BRACKET = auto()
+    RIGHT_BRACKET = auto()
+
+    def to_name(self) -> str:
+        for key, value in OPERATORS.items():
+            if value is self:
+                return repr(key)
+        else:
+            return 'a ' + self.name.lower()
+
+
+OPERATORS = {
+    OPEN_BRACKET: TokenKind.LEFT_BRACKET,
+    CLOSE_BRACKET: TokenKind.RIGHT_BRACKET,
+}
+SPECIAL_CHARS = OPERATORS.keys() | {BACKSLASH}
+LITERAL_TOKENS = [
+    TokenKind.TEXT,
+    TokenKind.NUMBER,
+]
+
+
+class Token(NamedTuple):
+    kind: TokenKind
+    value: Union[str, int]
+    start: int
+    end: int
+
+
+def assert_cant_happen() -> NoReturn:
+    raise ValueError('Unexpected value')
+
+
+def check_escaped_int(value: str) -> str:
+    if not value.startswith(BACKSLASH):
+        raise ValueError('Not an escaped int')
+
+    try:
+        int(value[1:])
+    except ValueError as exc:
+        raise ValueError('Not an escaped int') from exc
+    else:
+        return value[1:]
+
+
+def tokenize(source: str) -> Iterator[Token]:
+    cursor = 0
+    backslashes = 0
+    buffer = []
+
+    def send_buffer() -> Iterator[Token]:
+        nonlocal backslashes
+        if not buffer:
+            return None
+
+        value = ''.join(buffer)
+        kind = TokenKind.TEXT
+        if not backslashes:
+            for variation, kind in [
+                (int, TokenKind.NUMBER),
+                (check_escaped_int, TokenKind.TEXT),
+            ]:
+                try:
+                    value = variation(value)
+                except ValueError:
+                    continue
+                else:
+                    break
+
+        yield Token(
+            kind, value, start=cursor - (len(buffer) + backslashes), end=cursor
+        )
+        buffer.clear()
+        backslashes = 0
+
+    def can_advance() -> bool:
+        return cursor < len(source)
+
+    while can_advance():
+        index = source[cursor]
+        if index in OPERATORS:
+            yield from send_buffer()
+            yield Token(OPERATORS[index], index, cursor, cursor + 1)
+        elif index == BACKSLASH and can_advance():
+            if source[cursor + 1] in SPECIAL_CHARS:
+                backslashes += 1
+            else:
+                buffer.append(index)
+
+            buffer.append(source[cursor + 1])
+            cursor += 1
+        else:
+            buffer.append(index)
+
+        cursor += 1
+
+    yield from send_buffer()
+
+
+class PathAction(Enum):
+    KEY = auto()
+    INDEX = auto()
+    APPEND = auto()
+
+    # Pseudo action, used by the interpreter
+    SET = auto()
+
+    def to_string(self) -> str:
+        return self.name.lower()
+
+
+class Path:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        kind: PathAction,
+        accessor: Optional[Union[str, int]] = None,
+        tokens: Optional[List[Token]] = None,
+        is_root: bool = False,
+    ):
+        self.kind = kind
+        self.accessor = accessor
+        self.tokens = tokens or []
+        self.is_root = is_root
+
+    def reconstruct(self) -> str:
+        if self.kind is PathAction.KEY:
+            if self.is_root:
+                return str(self.accessor)
+            return OPEN_BRACKET + self.accessor + CLOSE_BRACKET
+        elif self.kind is PathAction.INDEX:
+            return OPEN_BRACKET + str(self.accessor) + CLOSE_BRACKET
+        elif self.kind is PathAction.APPEND:
+            return OPEN_BRACKET + CLOSE_BRACKET
+        else:
+            assert_cant_happen()
+
+
+def parse(source: str) -> Iterator[Path]:
+    """
+    start: root_path path*
+    root_path: (literal | index_path | append_path)
+    literal: TEXT | NUMBER
+
+    path:
+        key_path
+        | index_path
+        | append_path
+    key_path: LEFT_BRACKET TEXT RIGHT_BRACKET
+    index_path: LEFT_BRACKET NUMBER RIGHT_BRACKET
+    append_path: LEFT_BRACKET RIGHT_BRACKET
+    """
+
+    tokens = list(tokenize(source))
+    cursor = 0
+
+    def can_advance():
+        return cursor < len(tokens)
+
+    def expect(*kinds):
+        nonlocal cursor
+
+        assert len(kinds) > 0
+        if can_advance():
+            token = tokens[cursor]
+            cursor += 1
+            if token.kind in kinds:
+                return token
+        elif tokens:
+            token = tokens[-1]._replace(
+                start=tokens[-1].end + 0, end=tokens[-1].end + 1
+            )
+        else:
+            token = None
+
+        if len(kinds) == 1:
+            suffix = kinds[0].to_name()
+        else:
+            suffix = ', '.join(kind.to_name() for kind in kinds[:-1])
+            suffix += ' or ' + kinds[-1].to_name()
+
+        message = f'Expecting {suffix}'
+        raise HTTPieSyntaxError(source, token, message)
+
+    def parse_root():
+        tokens = []
+        if not can_advance():
+            return Path(
+                PathAction.KEY,
+                EMPTY_STRING,
+                is_root=True
+            )
+
+        # (literal | index_path | append_path)?
+        token = expect(*LITERAL_TOKENS, TokenKind.LEFT_BRACKET)
+        tokens.append(token)
+
+        if token.kind in LITERAL_TOKENS:
+            action = PathAction.KEY
+            value = str(token.value)
+        elif token.kind is TokenKind.LEFT_BRACKET:
+            token = expect(TokenKind.NUMBER, TokenKind.RIGHT_BRACKET)
+            tokens.append(token)
+            if token.kind is TokenKind.NUMBER:
+                action = PathAction.INDEX
+                value = token.value
+                tokens.append(expect(TokenKind.RIGHT_BRACKET))
+            elif token.kind is TokenKind.RIGHT_BRACKET:
+                action = PathAction.APPEND
+                value = None
+            else:
+                assert_cant_happen()
+        else:
+            assert_cant_happen()
+
+        return Path(
+            action,
+            value,
+            tokens=tokens,
+            is_root=True
+        )
+
+    yield parse_root()
+
+    # path*
+    while can_advance():
+        path_tokens = []
+        path_tokens.append(expect(TokenKind.LEFT_BRACKET))
+
+        token = expect(
+            TokenKind.TEXT, TokenKind.NUMBER, TokenKind.RIGHT_BRACKET
+        )
+        path_tokens.append(token)
+        if token.kind is TokenKind.RIGHT_BRACKET:
+            path = Path(PathAction.APPEND, tokens=path_tokens)
+        elif token.kind is TokenKind.TEXT:
+            path = Path(PathAction.KEY, token.value, tokens=path_tokens)
+            path_tokens.append(expect(TokenKind.RIGHT_BRACKET))
+        elif token.kind is TokenKind.NUMBER:
+            path = Path(PathAction.INDEX, token.value, tokens=path_tokens)
+            path_tokens.append(expect(TokenKind.RIGHT_BRACKET))
+        else:
+            assert_cant_happen()
+        yield path
+
+
+JSON_TYPE_MAPPING = {
+    dict: 'object',
+    list: 'array',
+    int: 'number',
+    float: 'number',
+    str: 'string',
+}
+
+
+def interpret(context: Any, key: str, value: Any) -> Any:
+    cursor = context
+
+    paths = list(parse(key))
+    paths.append(Path(PathAction.SET, value))
+
+    def type_check(index: int, path: Path, expected_type: Type[Any]) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(cursor, expected_type):
+            if path.tokens:
+                pseudo_token = Token(
+                    None, None, path.tokens[0].start, path.tokens[-1].end
+                )
+            else:
+                pseudo_token = None
+
+            cursor_type = JSON_TYPE_MAPPING.get(
+                type(cursor), type(cursor).__name__
+            )
+            required_type = JSON_TYPE_MAPPING[expected_type]
+
+            message = f"Can't perform {path.kind.to_string()!r} based access on "
+            message += repr(
+                ''.join(path.reconstruct() for path in paths[:index])
+            )
+            message += (
+                f' which has a type of {cursor_type!r} but this operation'
+            )
+            message += f' requires a type of {required_type!r}.'
+            raise HTTPieSyntaxError(
+                key, pseudo_token, message, message_kind='Type'
+            )
+
+    def object_for(kind: str) -> Any:
+        if kind is PathAction.KEY:
+            return {}
+        elif kind in {PathAction.INDEX, PathAction.APPEND}:
+            return []
+        else:
+            assert_cant_happen()
+
+    for index, (path, next_path) in enumerate(zip(paths, paths[1:])):
+        # If there is no context yet, set it.
+        if cursor is None:
+            context = cursor = object_for(path.kind)
+
+        if path.kind is PathAction.KEY:
+            type_check(index, path, dict)
+            if next_path.kind is PathAction.SET:
+                cursor[path.accessor] = next_path.accessor
+                break
+
+            cursor = cursor.setdefault(
+                path.accessor, object_for(next_path.kind)
+            )
+        elif path.kind is PathAction.INDEX:
+            type_check(index, path, list)
+            if path.accessor < 0:
+                raise HTTPieSyntaxError(
+                    key,
+                    path.tokens[1],
+                    'Negative indexes are not supported.',
+                    message_kind='Value',
+                )
+            cursor.extend([None] * (path.accessor - len(cursor) + 1))
+            if next_path.kind is PathAction.SET:
+                cursor[path.accessor] = next_path.accessor
+                break
+
+            if cursor[path.accessor] is None:
+                cursor[path.accessor] = object_for(next_path.kind)
+
+            cursor = cursor[path.accessor]
+        elif path.kind is PathAction.APPEND:
+            type_check(index, path, list)
+            if next_path.kind is PathAction.SET:
+                cursor.append(next_path.accessor)
+                break
+
+            cursor.append(object_for(next_path.kind))
+            cursor = cursor[-1]
+        else:
+            assert_cant_happen()
+
+    return context
+
+
+def wrap_with_dict(context):
+    if context is None:
+        return {}
+    elif isinstance(context, list):
+        return {EMPTY_STRING: NestedJSONArray(context)}
+    else:
+        assert isinstance(context, dict)
+        return context
+
+
+def interpret_nested_json(pairs):
+    context = None
+    for key, value in pairs:
+        context = interpret(context, key, value)
+
+    return wrap_with_dict(context)

httpie/cli/options.py

@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+import argparse
+import textwrap
+import typing
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from enum import Enum, auto
+from typing import Any, Optional, Dict, List, Tuple, Type, TypeVar
+
+from httpie.cli.argparser import HTTPieArgumentParser
+from httpie.cli.utils import Manual, LazyChoices
+
+
+class Qualifiers(Enum):
+    OPTIONAL = auto()
+    ZERO_OR_MORE = auto()
+    ONE_OR_MORE = auto()
+    SUPPRESS = auto()
+
+
+def map_qualifiers(
+    configuration: Dict[str, Any], qualifier_map: Dict[Qualifiers, Any]
+) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    return {
+        key: qualifier_map[value] if isinstance(value, Qualifiers) else value
+        for key, value in configuration.items()
+    }
+
+
+def drop_keys(
+    configuration: Dict[str, Any], key_blacklist: Tuple[str, ...]
+):
+    return {
+        key: value
+        for key, value in configuration.items()
+        if key not in key_blacklist
+    }
+
+
+PARSER_SPEC_VERSION = '0.0.1a0'
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ParserSpec:
+    program: str
+    description: Optional[str] = None
+    epilog: Optional[str] = None
+    groups: List['Group'] = field(default_factory=list)
+    man_page_hint: Optional[str] = None
+    source_file: Optional[str] = None
+
+    def finalize(self) -> 'ParserSpec':
+        if self.description:
+            self.description = textwrap.dedent(self.description)
+        if self.epilog:
+            self.epilog = textwrap.dedent(self.epilog)
+        for group in self.groups:
+            group.finalize()
+        return self
+
+    def add_group(self, name: str, **kwargs) -> 'Group':
+        group = Group(name, **kwargs)
+        self.groups.append(group)
+        return group
+
+    def serialize(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        return {
+            'name': self.program,
+            'description': self.description,
+            'groups': [group.serialize() for group in self.groups],
+        }
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Group:
+    name: str
+    description: str = ''
+    is_mutually_exclusive: bool = False
+    arguments: List['Argument'] = field(default_factory=list)
+
+    def finalize(self) -> None:
+        if self.description:
+            self.description = textwrap.dedent(self.description)
+
+    def add_argument(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        argument = Argument(list(args), kwargs.copy())
+        argument.post_init()
+        self.arguments.append(argument)
+        return argument
+
+    def serialize(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        return {
+            'name': self.name,
+            'description': self.description or None,
+            'is_mutually_exclusive': self.is_mutually_exclusive,
+            'args': [argument.serialize() for argument in self.arguments],
+        }
+
+
+class Argument(typing.NamedTuple):
+    aliases: List[str]
+    configuration: Dict[str, Any]
+
+    def post_init(self):
+        """Run a bunch of post-init hooks."""
+        # If there is a short help, then create the longer version from it.
+        short_help = self.configuration.get('short_help')
+        if (
+            short_help
+            and 'help' not in self.configuration
+            and self.configuration.get('action') != 'lazy_choices'
+        ):
+            self.configuration['help'] = f'\n{short_help}\n\n'
+
+    def serialize(self, *, isolation_mode: bool = False) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        configuration = self.configuration.copy()
+
+        # Unpack the dynamically computed choices, since we
+        # will need to store the actual values somewhere.
+        action = configuration.pop('action', None)
+        short_help = configuration.pop('short_help', None)
+        nested_options = configuration.pop('nested_options', None)
+
+        if action == 'lazy_choices':
+            choices = LazyChoices(
+                self.aliases,
+                **{'dest': None, **configuration},
+                isolation_mode=isolation_mode
+            )
+            configuration['choices'] = list(choices.load())
+            configuration['help'] = choices.help
+
+        result = {}
+        if self.aliases:
+            result['options'] = self.aliases.copy()
+        else:
+            result['options'] = [configuration['metavar']]
+            result['is_positional'] = True
+
+        qualifiers = JSON_QUALIFIER_TO_OPTIONS[configuration.get('nargs', Qualifiers.SUPPRESS)]
+        result.update(qualifiers)
+
+        description = configuration.get('help')
+        if description and description is not Qualifiers.SUPPRESS:
+            result['short_description'] = short_help
+            result['description'] = description
+
+        if nested_options:
+            result['nested_options'] = nested_options
+
+        python_type = configuration.get('type')
+        if python_type is not None:
+            if hasattr(python_type, '__name__'):
+                type_name = python_type.__name__
+            else:
+                type_name = type(python_type).__name__
+
+            result['python_type_name'] = type_name
+
+        result.update({
+            key: value
+            for key, value in configuration.items()
+            if key in JSON_DIRECT_MIRROR_OPTIONS
+            if value is not Qualifiers.SUPPRESS
+        })
+
+        return result
+
+    @property
+    def is_positional(self):
+        return len(self.aliases) == 0
+
+    @property
+    def is_hidden(self):
+        return self.configuration.get('help') is Qualifiers.SUPPRESS
+
+    def __getattr__(self, attribute_name):
+        if attribute_name in self.configuration:
+            return self.configuration[attribute_name]
+        else:
+            raise AttributeError(attribute_name)
+
+
+ParserType = TypeVar('ParserType', bound=Type[argparse.ArgumentParser])
+
+ARGPARSE_QUALIFIER_MAP = {
+    Qualifiers.OPTIONAL: argparse.OPTIONAL,
+    Qualifiers.SUPPRESS: argparse.SUPPRESS,
+    Qualifiers.ZERO_OR_MORE: argparse.ZERO_OR_MORE,
+    Qualifiers.ONE_OR_MORE: argparse.ONE_OR_MORE
+}
+ARGPARSE_IGNORE_KEYS = ('short_help', 'nested_options')
+
+
+def to_argparse(
+    abstract_options: ParserSpec,
+    parser_type: ParserType = HTTPieArgumentParser,
+) -> ParserType:
+    concrete_parser = parser_type(
+        prog=abstract_options.program,
+        description=abstract_options.description,
+        epilog=abstract_options.epilog,
+    )
+    concrete_parser.spec = abstract_options
+    concrete_parser.register('action', 'lazy_choices', LazyChoices)
+    concrete_parser.register('action', 'manual', Manual)
+
+    for abstract_group in abstract_options.groups:
+        concrete_group = concrete_parser.add_argument_group(
+            title=abstract_group.name, description=abstract_group.description
+        )
+        if abstract_group.is_mutually_exclusive:
+            concrete_group = concrete_group.add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=False)
+
+        for abstract_argument in abstract_group.arguments:
+            concrete_group.add_argument(
+                *abstract_argument.aliases,
+                **drop_keys(map_qualifiers(
+                    abstract_argument.configuration, ARGPARSE_QUALIFIER_MAP
+                ), ARGPARSE_IGNORE_KEYS)
+            )
+
+    return concrete_parser
+
+
+JSON_DIRECT_MIRROR_OPTIONS = (
+    'choices',
+    'metavar'
+)
+
+
+JSON_QUALIFIER_TO_OPTIONS = {
+    Qualifiers.OPTIONAL: {'is_optional': True},
+    Qualifiers.ZERO_OR_MORE: {'is_optional': True, 'is_variadic': True},
+    Qualifiers.ONE_OR_MORE: {'is_optional': False, 'is_variadic': True},
+    Qualifiers.SUPPRESS: {}
+}
+
+
+def to_data(abstract_options: ParserSpec) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    return {'version': PARSER_SPEC_VERSION, 'spec': abstract_options.serialize()}
+
+
+def parser_to_parser_spec(parser: argparse.ArgumentParser, **kwargs) -> ParserSpec:
+    """Take an existing argparse parser, and create a spec from it."""
+    return ParserSpec(
+        program=parser.prog,
+        description=parser.description,
+        epilog=parser.epilog,
+        **kwargs
+    )

httpie/cli/requestitems.py

@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+import os
+import functools
+from typing import Callable, Dict, IO, List, Optional, Tuple, Union
+
+from .argtypes import KeyValueArg
+from .constants import (
+    SEPARATORS_GROUP_MULTIPART, SEPARATOR_DATA_EMBED_FILE_CONTENTS,
+    SEPARATOR_DATA_EMBED_RAW_JSON_FILE, SEPARATOR_GROUP_NESTED_JSON_ITEMS,
+    SEPARATOR_DATA_RAW_JSON, SEPARATOR_DATA_STRING, SEPARATOR_FILE_UPLOAD,
+    SEPARATOR_FILE_UPLOAD_TYPE, SEPARATOR_HEADER, SEPARATOR_HEADER_EMPTY,
+    SEPARATOR_HEADER_EMBED, SEPARATOR_QUERY_PARAM,
+    SEPARATOR_QUERY_EMBED_FILE, RequestType
+)
+from .dicts import (
+    BaseMultiDict, MultipartRequestDataDict, RequestDataDict,
+    RequestFilesDict, HTTPHeadersDict, RequestJSONDataDict,
+    RequestQueryParamsDict,
+)
+from .exceptions import ParseError
+from .nested_json import interpret_nested_json
+from ..utils import get_content_type, load_json_preserve_order_and_dupe_keys, split
+
+
+class RequestItems:
+
+    def __init__(self, request_type: Optional[RequestType] = None):
+        self.headers = HTTPHeadersDict()
+        self.request_type = request_type
+        self.is_json = request_type is None or request_type is RequestType.JSON
+        self.data = RequestJSONDataDict() if self.is_json else RequestDataDict()
+        self.files = RequestFilesDict()
+        self.params = RequestQueryParamsDict()
+        # To preserve the order of fields in file upload multipart requests.
+        self.multipart_data = MultipartRequestDataDict()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_args(
+        cls,
+        request_item_args: List[KeyValueArg],
+        request_type: Optional[RequestType] = None,
+    ) -> 'RequestItems':
+        instance = cls(request_type=request_type)
+        rules: Dict[str, Tuple[Callable, dict]] = {
+            SEPARATOR_HEADER: (
+                process_header_arg,
+                instance.headers,
+            ),
+            SEPARATOR_HEADER_EMPTY: (
+                process_empty_header_arg,
+                instance.headers,
+            ),
+            SEPARATOR_HEADER_EMBED: (
+                process_embed_header_arg,
+                instance.headers,
+            ),
+            SEPARATOR_QUERY_PARAM: (
+                process_query_param_arg,
+                instance.params,
+            ),
+            SEPARATOR_QUERY_EMBED_FILE: (
+                process_embed_query_param_arg,
+                instance.params,
+            ),
+            SEPARATOR_FILE_UPLOAD: (
+                process_file_upload_arg,
+                instance.files,
+            ),
+            SEPARATOR_DATA_STRING: (
+                process_data_item_arg,
+                instance.data,
+            ),
+            SEPARATOR_DATA_EMBED_FILE_CONTENTS: (
+                process_data_embed_file_contents_arg,
+                instance.data,
+            ),
+            SEPARATOR_GROUP_NESTED_JSON_ITEMS: (
+                process_data_nested_json_embed_args,
+                instance.data,
+            ),
+            SEPARATOR_DATA_RAW_JSON: (
+                json_only(instance, process_data_raw_json_embed_arg),
+                instance.data,
+            ),
+            SEPARATOR_DATA_EMBED_RAW_JSON_FILE: (
+                json_only(instance, process_data_embed_raw_json_file_arg),
+                instance.data,
+            ),
+        }
+
+        if instance.is_json:
+            json_item_args, request_item_args = split(
+                request_item_args,
+                lambda arg: arg.sep in SEPARATOR_GROUP_NESTED_JSON_ITEMS
+            )
+            if json_item_args:
+                pairs = [
+                    (arg.key, rules[arg.sep][0](arg))
+                    for arg in json_item_args
+                ]
+                processor_func, target_dict = rules[SEPARATOR_GROUP_NESTED_JSON_ITEMS]
+                value = processor_func(pairs)
+                target_dict.update(value)
+
+        # Then handle all other items.
+        for arg in request_item_args:
+            processor_func, target_dict = rules[arg.sep]
+            value = processor_func(arg)
+
+            if arg.sep in SEPARATORS_GROUP_MULTIPART:
+                instance.multipart_data[arg.key] = value
+
+            if isinstance(target_dict, BaseMultiDict):
+                target_dict.add(arg.key, value)
+            else:
+                target_dict[arg.key] = value
+
+        return instance
+
+
+JSONType = Union[str, bool, int, list, dict]
+
+
+def process_header_arg(arg: KeyValueArg) -> Optional[str]:
+    return arg.value or None
+
+
+def process_embed_header_arg(arg: KeyValueArg) -> str:
+    return load_text_file(arg).rstrip('\n')
+
+
+def process_empty_header_arg(arg: KeyValueArg) -> str:
+    if not arg.value:
+        return arg.value
+    raise ParseError(
+        f'Invalid item {arg.orig!r} (to specify an empty header use `Header;`)'
+    )
+
+
+def process_query_param_arg(arg: KeyValueArg) -> str:
+    return arg.value
+
+
+def process_embed_query_param_arg(arg: KeyValueArg) -> str:
+    return load_text_file(arg).rstrip('\n')
+
+
+def process_file_upload_arg(arg: KeyValueArg) -> Tuple[str, IO, str]:
+    parts = arg.value.split(SEPARATOR_FILE_UPLOAD_TYPE)
+    filename = parts[0]
+    mime_type = parts[1] if len(parts) > 1 else None
+    try:
+        f = open(os.path.expanduser(filename), 'rb')
+    except OSError as e:
+        raise ParseError(f'{arg.orig!r}: {e}')
+    return (
+        os.path.basename(filename),
+        f,
+        mime_type or get_content_type(filename),
+    )
+
+
+def process_data_item_arg(arg: KeyValueArg) -> str:
+    return arg.value
+
+
+def process_data_embed_file_contents_arg(arg: KeyValueArg) -> str:
+    return load_text_file(arg)
+
+
+def json_only(items: RequestItems, func: Callable[[KeyValueArg], JSONType]) -> str:
+    if items.is_json:
+        return func
+
+    @functools.wraps(func)
+    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs) -> str:
+        try:
+            ret = func(*args, **kwargs)
+        except ParseError:
+            ret = None
+
+        # If it is a basic type, then allow it
+        if isinstance(ret, (str, int, float)):
+            return str(ret)
+        else:
+            raise ParseError(
+                'Can\'t use complex JSON value types with '
+                '--form/--multipart.'
+            )
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+def process_data_embed_raw_json_file_arg(arg: KeyValueArg) -> JSONType:
+    contents = load_text_file(arg)
+    value = load_json(arg, contents)
+    return value
+
+
+def process_data_raw_json_embed_arg(arg: KeyValueArg) -> JSONType:
+    value = load_json(arg, arg.value)
+    return value
+
+
+def process_data_nested_json_embed_args(pairs) -> Dict[str, JSONType]:
+    return interpret_nested_json(pairs)
+
+
+def load_text_file(item: KeyValueArg) -> str:
+    path = item.value
+    try:
+        with open(os.path.expanduser(path), 'rb') as f:
+            return f.read().decode()
+    except OSError as e:
+        raise ParseError(f'{item.orig!r}: {e}')
+    except UnicodeDecodeError:
+        raise ParseError(
+            f'{item.orig!r}: cannot embed the content of {item.value!r},'
+            ' not a UTF-8 or ASCII-encoded text file'
+        )
+
+
+def load_json(arg: KeyValueArg, contents: str) -> JSONType:
+    try:
+        return load_json_preserve_order_and_dupe_keys(contents)
+    except ValueError as e:
+        raise ParseError(f'{arg.orig!r}: {e}')

httpie/cli/utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+import argparse
+from typing import Any, Callable, Generic, Iterator, Iterable, Optional, TypeVar
+
+T = TypeVar('T')
+
+
+class Manual(argparse.Action):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        option_strings,
+        dest=argparse.SUPPRESS,
+        default=argparse.SUPPRESS,
+        help=None
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            option_strings=option_strings,
+            dest=dest,
+            default=default,
+            nargs=0,
+            help=help
+        )
+
+    def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
+        parser.print_manual()
+        parser.exit()
+
+
+class LazyChoices(argparse.Action, Generic[T]):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *args,
+        getter: Callable[[], Iterable[T]],
+        help_formatter: Optional[Callable[[T, bool], str]] = None,
+        sort: bool = False,
+        cache: bool = True,
+        isolation_mode: bool = False,
+        **kwargs
+    ) -> None:
+        self.getter = getter
+        self.help_formatter = help_formatter
+        self.sort = sort
+        self.cache = cache
+        self.isolation_mode = isolation_mode
+        self._help: Optional[str] = None
+        self._obj: Optional[Iterable[T]] = None
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self.choices = self
+
+    def load(self) -> T:
+        if self._obj is None or not self.cache:
+            self._obj = self.getter()
+
+        assert self._obj is not None
+        return self._obj
+
+    @property
+    def help(self) -> str:
+        if self._help is None and self.help_formatter is not None:
+            self._help = self.help_formatter(
+                self.load(),
+                isolation_mode=self.isolation_mode
+            )
+        return self._help
+
+    @help.setter
+    def help(self, value: Any) -> None:
+        self._help = value
+
+    def __contains__(self, item: Any) -> bool:
+        return item in self.load()
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[T]:
+        if self.sort:
+            return iter(sorted(self.load()))
+        else:
+            return iter(self.load())
+
+    def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
+        setattr(namespace, self.dest, values)

httpie/client.py

@@ -1,94 +1,402 @@
+import argparse
+import http.client
 import json
 import sys
-from pprint import pformat
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from time import monotonic
+from typing import Any, Dict, Callable, Iterable
+from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlunparse
 
 import requests
-import requests.auth
-
-from . import sessions
+# noinspection PyPackageRequirements
+import urllib3
 from . import __version__
+from .adapters import HTTPieHTTPAdapter
+from .context import Environment
+from .cli.constants import HTTP_OPTIONS
+from .cli.nested_json import EMPTY_STRING
+from .cli.dicts import HTTPHeadersDict, NestedJSONArray
+from .encoding import UTF8
+from .models import RequestsMessage
+from .plugins.registry import plugin_manager
+from .sessions import get_httpie_session
+from .ssl_ import AVAILABLE_SSL_VERSION_ARG_MAPPING, HTTPieCertificate, HTTPieHTTPSAdapter
+from .uploads import (
+    compress_request, prepare_request_body,
+    get_multipart_data_and_content_type,
+)
+from .utils import get_expired_cookies, repr_dict
 
 
-FORM = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8'
-JSON = 'application/json; charset=utf-8'
-DEFAULT_UA = 'HTTPie/%s' % __version__
+urllib3.disable_warnings()
+
+FORM_CONTENT_TYPE = f'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset={UTF8}'
+JSON_CONTENT_TYPE = 'application/json'
+JSON_ACCEPT = f'{JSON_CONTENT_TYPE}, */*;q=0.5'
+DEFAULT_UA = f'HTTPie/{__version__}'
+
+IGNORE_CONTENT_LENGTH_METHODS = frozenset([HTTP_OPTIONS])
 
 
-def get_response(args, config_dir):
-    """Send the request and return a `request.Response`."""
+def collect_messages(
+    env: Environment,
+    args: argparse.Namespace,
+    request_body_read_callback: Callable[[bytes], None] = None,
+) -> Iterable[RequestsMessage]:
+    httpie_session = None
+    httpie_session_headers = None
+    if args.session or args.session_read_only:
+        httpie_session = get_httpie_session(
+            env=env,
+            config_dir=env.config.directory,
+            session_name=args.session or args.session_read_only,
+            host=args.headers.get('Host'),
+            url=args.url,
+        )
+        httpie_session_headers = httpie_session.headers
 
-    requests_kwargs = get_requests_kwargs(args)
+    request_kwargs = make_request_kwargs(
+        env,
+        args=args,
+        base_headers=httpie_session_headers,
+        request_body_read_callback=request_body_read_callback
+    )
+    send_kwargs = make_send_kwargs(args)
+    send_kwargs_mergeable_from_env = make_send_kwargs_mergeable_from_env(args)
+    requests_session = build_requests_session(
+        ssl_version=args.ssl_version,
+        ciphers=args.ciphers,
+        verify=bool(send_kwargs_mergeable_from_env['verify'])
+    )
+
+    if httpie_session:
+        httpie_session.update_headers(request_kwargs['headers'])
+        requests_session.cookies = httpie_session.cookies
+        if args.auth_plugin:
+            # Save auth from CLI to HTTPie session.
+            httpie_session.auth = {
+                'type': args.auth_plugin.auth_type,
+                'raw_auth': args.auth_plugin.raw_auth,
+            }
+        elif httpie_session.auth:
+            # Apply auth from HTTPie session
+            request_kwargs['auth'] = httpie_session.auth
 
     if args.debug:
-        sys.stderr.write('\n>>> requests.request(%s)\n\n'
-                         % pformat(requests_kwargs))
+        # TODO: reflect the split between request and send kwargs.
+        dump_request(request_kwargs)
 
-    if not args.session and not args.session_read_only:
-        response = requests.request(**requests_kwargs)
-    else:
-        response = sessions.get_response(
-            config_dir=config_dir,
-            name=args.session or args.session_read_only,
-            request_kwargs=requests_kwargs,
-            read_only=bool(args.session_read_only),
+    request = requests.Request(**request_kwargs)
+    prepared_request = requests_session.prepare_request(request)
+    transform_headers(request, prepared_request)
+    if args.path_as_is:
+        prepared_request.url = ensure_path_as_is(
+            orig_url=args.url,
+            prepped_url=prepared_request.url,
+        )
+    if args.compress and prepared_request.body:
+        compress_request(
+            request=prepared_request,
+            always=args.compress > 1,
+        )
+    response_count = 0
+    expired_cookies = []
+    while prepared_request:
+        yield prepared_request
+        if not args.offline:
+            send_kwargs_merged = requests_session.merge_environment_settings(
+                url=prepared_request.url,
+                **send_kwargs_mergeable_from_env,
+            )
+            with max_headers(args.max_headers):
+                response = requests_session.send(
+                    request=prepared_request,
+                    **send_kwargs_merged,
+                    **send_kwargs,
+                )
+            response._httpie_headers_parsed_at = monotonic()
+            expired_cookies += get_expired_cookies(
+                response.headers.get('Set-Cookie', '')
+            )
+
+            response_count += 1
+            if response.next:
+                if args.max_redirects and response_count == args.max_redirects:
+                    raise requests.TooManyRedirects
+                if args.follow:
+                    prepared_request = response.next
+                    if args.all:
+                        yield response
+                    continue
+            yield response
+        break
+
+    if httpie_session:
+        if httpie_session.is_new() or not args.session_read_only:
+            httpie_session.cookies = requests_session.cookies
+            httpie_session.remove_cookies(expired_cookies)
+            httpie_session.save()
+
+
+# noinspection PyProtectedMember
+@contextmanager
+def max_headers(limit):
+    # <https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/802>
+    # noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences
+    orig = http.client._MAXHEADERS
+    http.client._MAXHEADERS = limit or float('Inf')
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        http.client._MAXHEADERS = orig
+
+
+def build_requests_session(
+    verify: bool,
+    ssl_version: str = None,
+    ciphers: str = None,
+) -> requests.Session:
+    requests_session = requests.Session()
+
+    # Install our adapter.
+    http_adapter = HTTPieHTTPAdapter()
+    https_adapter = HTTPieHTTPSAdapter(
+        ciphers=ciphers,
+        verify=verify,
+        ssl_version=(
+            AVAILABLE_SSL_VERSION_ARG_MAPPING[ssl_version]
+            if ssl_version else None
+        ),
+    )
+    requests_session.mount('http://', http_adapter)
+    requests_session.mount('https://', https_adapter)
+
+    # Install adapters from plugins.
+    for plugin_cls in plugin_manager.get_transport_plugins():
+        transport_plugin = plugin_cls()
+        requests_session.mount(
+            prefix=transport_plugin.prefix,
+            adapter=transport_plugin.get_adapter(),
         )
 
-    return response
+    return requests_session
 
 
-def get_requests_kwargs(args):
-    """Translate our `args` into `requests.request` keyword arguments."""
+def dump_request(kwargs: dict):
+    sys.stderr.write(
+        f'\n>>> requests.request(**{repr_dict(kwargs)})\n\n')
 
-    implicit_headers = {
+
+def finalize_headers(headers: HTTPHeadersDict) -> HTTPHeadersDict:
+    final_headers = HTTPHeadersDict()
+    for name, value in headers.items():
+        if value is not None:
+            # “leading or trailing LWS MAY be removed without
+            # changing the semantics of the field value”
+            # <https://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec4.html>
+            # Also, requests raises `InvalidHeader` for leading spaces.
+            value = value.strip()
+            if isinstance(value, str):
+                # See <https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/212>
+                value = value.encode()
+        final_headers.add(name, value)
+    return final_headers
+
+
+def transform_headers(
+    request: requests.Request,
+    prepared_request: requests.PreparedRequest
+) -> None:
+    """Apply various transformations on top of the `prepared_requests`'s
+    headers to change the request prepreation behavior."""
+
+    # Remove 'Content-Length' when it is misplaced by requests.
+    if (
+        prepared_request.method in IGNORE_CONTENT_LENGTH_METHODS
+        and prepared_request.headers.get('Content-Length') == '0'
+        and request.headers.get('Content-Length') != '0'
+    ):
+        prepared_request.headers.pop('Content-Length')
+
+    apply_missing_repeated_headers(
+        request.headers,
+        prepared_request
+    )
+
+
+def apply_missing_repeated_headers(
+    original_headers: HTTPHeadersDict,
+    prepared_request: requests.PreparedRequest
+) -> None:
+    """Update the given `prepared_request`'s headers with the original
+    ones. This allows the requests to be prepared as usual, and then later
+    merged with headers that are specified multiple times."""
+
+    new_headers = HTTPHeadersDict(prepared_request.headers)
+    for prepared_name, prepared_value in prepared_request.headers.items():
+        if prepared_name not in original_headers:
+            continue
+
+        original_keys, original_values = zip(*filter(
+            lambda item: item[0].casefold() == prepared_name.casefold(),
+            original_headers.items()
+        ))
+
+        if prepared_value not in original_values:
+            # If the current value is not among the initial values
+            # set for this field, then it means that this field got
+            # overridden on the way, and we should preserve it.
+            continue
+
+        new_headers.popone(prepared_name)
+        new_headers.update(zip(original_keys, original_values))
+
+    prepared_request.headers = new_headers
+
+
+def make_default_headers(args: argparse.Namespace) -> HTTPHeadersDict:
+    default_headers = HTTPHeadersDict({
         'User-Agent': DEFAULT_UA
-    }
+    })
 
     auto_json = args.data and not args.form
     if args.json or auto_json:
-        implicit_headers['Accept'] = 'application/json'
-        if args.data:
-            implicit_headers['Content-Type'] = JSON
-
-        if isinstance(args.data, dict):
-            if args.data:
-                args.data = json.dumps(args.data)
-            else:
-                # We need to set data to an empty string to prevent requests
-                # from assigning an empty list to `response.request.data`.
-                args.data = ''
+        default_headers['Accept'] = JSON_ACCEPT
+        if args.json or (auto_json and args.data):
+            default_headers['Content-Type'] = JSON_CONTENT_TYPE
 
     elif args.form and not args.files:
         # If sending files, `requests` will set
         # the `Content-Type` for us.
-        implicit_headers['Content-Type'] = FORM
+        default_headers['Content-Type'] = FORM_CONTENT_TYPE
+    return default_headers
 
-    for name, value in implicit_headers.items():
-        if name not in args.headers:
-            args.headers[name] = value
 
-    credentials = None
-    if args.auth:
-        credentials = {
-            'basic': requests.auth.HTTPBasicAuth,
-            'digest': requests.auth.HTTPDigestAuth,
-        }[args.auth_type](args.auth.key, args.auth.value)
-
-    kwargs = {
-        'stream': True,
-        'method': args.method.lower(),
-        'url': args.url,
-        'headers': args.headers,
-        'data': args.data,
-        'verify': {
-            'yes': True,
-            'no': False
-        }.get(args.verify, args.verify),
-        'timeout': args.timeout,
-        'auth': credentials,
-        'proxies': dict((p.key, p.value) for p in args.proxy),
-        'files': args.files,
-        'allow_redirects': args.follow,
-        'params': args.params,
+def make_send_kwargs(args: argparse.Namespace) -> dict:
+    return {
+        'timeout': args.timeout or None,
+        'allow_redirects': False,
     }
 
-    return kwargs
+
+def make_send_kwargs_mergeable_from_env(args: argparse.Namespace) -> dict:
+    cert = None
+    if args.cert:
+        cert = args.cert
+        if args.cert_key:
+            # Having a client certificate key passphrase is not supported
+            # by requests. So we are using our own transportation structure
+            # which is compatible with their format (a tuple of minimum two
+            # items).
+            #
+            # See: https://github.com/psf/requests/issues/2519
+            cert = HTTPieCertificate(cert, args.cert_key, args.cert_key_pass.value)
+
+    return {
+        'proxies': {p.key: p.value for p in args.proxy},
+        'stream': True,
+        'verify': {
+            'yes': True,
+            'true': True,
+            'no': False,
+            'false': False,
+        }.get(args.verify.lower(), args.verify),
+        'cert': cert,
+    }
+
+
+def json_dict_to_request_body(data: Dict[str, Any]) -> str:
+    # Propagate the top-level list if there is only one
+    # item in the object, with an en empty key.
+    if len(data) == 1:
+        [(key, value)] = data.items()
+        if isinstance(value, NestedJSONArray):
+            assert key == EMPTY_STRING
+            data = value
+
+    if data:
+        data = json.dumps(data)
+    else:
+        # We need to set data to an empty string to prevent requests
+        # from assigning an empty list to `response.request.data`.
+        data = ''
+
+    return data
+
+
+def make_request_kwargs(
+    env: Environment,
+    args: argparse.Namespace,
+    base_headers: HTTPHeadersDict = None,
+    request_body_read_callback=lambda chunk: chunk
+) -> dict:
+    """
+    Translate our `args` into `requests.Request` keyword arguments.
+
+    """
+    files = args.files
+    # Serialize JSON data, if needed.
+    data = args.data
+    auto_json = data and not args.form
+    if (args.json or auto_json) and isinstance(data, dict):
+        data = json_dict_to_request_body(data)
+
+    # Finalize headers.
+    headers = make_default_headers(args)
+    if base_headers:
+        headers.update(base_headers)
+    headers.update(args.headers)
+    if args.offline and args.chunked and 'Transfer-Encoding' not in headers:
+        # When online, we let requests set the header instead to be able more
+        # easily verify chunking is taking place.
+        headers['Transfer-Encoding'] = 'chunked'
+    headers = finalize_headers(headers)
+
+    if (args.form and files) or args.multipart:
+        data, headers['Content-Type'] = get_multipart_data_and_content_type(
+            data=args.multipart_data,
+            boundary=args.boundary,
+            content_type=args.headers.get('Content-Type'),
+        )
+
+    return {
+        'method': args.method.lower(),
+        'url': args.url,
+        'headers': headers,
+        'data': prepare_request_body(
+            env,
+            data,
+            body_read_callback=request_body_read_callback,
+            chunked=args.chunked,
+            offline=args.offline,
+            content_length_header_value=headers.get('Content-Length'),
+        ),
+        'auth': args.auth,
+        'params': args.params.items(),
+    }
+
+
+def ensure_path_as_is(orig_url: str, prepped_url: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Handle `--path-as-is` by replacing the path component of the prepared
+    URL with the path component from the original URL. Other parts stay
+    untouched because other (welcome) processing on the URL might have
+    taken place.
+
+    <https://github.com/httpie/httpie/issues/895>
+
+
+    <https://ec.haxx.se/http/http-basics#path-as-is>
+    <https://curl.haxx.se/libcurl/c/CURLOPT_PATH_AS_IS.html>
+
+    >>> ensure_path_as_is('http://foo/../', 'http://foo/?foo=bar')
+    'http://foo/../?foo=bar'
+
+    """
+    parsed_orig, parsed_prepped = urlparse(orig_url), urlparse(prepped_url)
+    final_dict = {
+        # noinspection PyProtectedMember
+        **parsed_prepped._asdict(),
+        'path': parsed_orig.path,
+    }
+    return urlunparse(tuple(final_dict.values()))