Move ls back to last-known-good state (#6175)

* revert the recent ls changes

* cargo fmt

.github/pull_request_template.md

@@ -4,6 +4,12 @@
 
 # Tests
 
+Make sure you've done the following:
+
+- [ ] Add tests that cover your changes, either in the command examples, the crate/tests folder, or in the /tests folder.
+- [ ] Try to think about corner cases and various ways how your changes could break. Cover them with tests.
+- [ ] If adding tests is not possible, please document in the PR body a minimal example with steps on how to reproduce so one can verify your change works.
+
 Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
 
 - [ ] `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting (`cargo fmt --all` applies these changes)

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -135,10 +135,7 @@ jobs:
       - run: python -m pip install tox
 
       - name: Install virtualenv
-        run: |
-          git clone https://github.com/kubouch/virtualenv.git && \
-          cd virtualenv && \
-          git checkout engine-q-update
+        run: git clone https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv.git          
         shell: bash
 
       - name: Test Nushell in virtualenv

.github/workflows/release-pkg.nu

@@ -102,8 +102,8 @@ if $os in ['ubuntu-latest', 'macos-latest'] {
     let releaseStem = $'($bin)-($version)-($target)'
 
     $'(char nl)Download less related stuffs...'; hr-line
-    curl https://github.com/jftuga/less-Windows/releases/download/less-v590/less.exe -o $'($dist)\less.exe'
-    curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jftuga/less-Windows/master/LICENSE -o $'($dist)\LICENSE-for-less.txt'
+    aria2c https://github.com/jftuga/less-Windows/releases/download/less-v590/less.exe -o less.exe
+    aria2c https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jftuga/less-Windows/master/LICENSE -o LICENSE-for-less.txt
 
     # Create Windows msi release package
     if (get-env _EXTRA_) == 'msi' {

.github/workflows/winget-submission.yml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-name: Submit Nushell package to Windows Package Manager Community Repository 
+name: Submit Nushell package to Windows Package Manager Community Repository
 
 on:
   workflow_dispatch:
@@ -15,5 +15,5 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           iwr https://aka.ms/wingetcreate/latest -OutFile wingetcreate.exe
           $github = Get-Content '${{ github.event_path }}' | ConvertFrom-Json
-          $installerUrl = $github.release.assets | Where-Object -Property name -match 'windows.msi' | Select -ExpandProperty browser_download_url -First 1
+          $installerUrl = $github.release.assets | Where-Object -Property name -match 'windows-msvc.msi' | Select -ExpandProperty browser_download_url -First 1
           .\wingetcreate.exe update Nushell.Nushell -s -v $github.release.tag_name -u $installerUrl -t ${{ secrets.NUSHELL_PAT }}

Cargo.toml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ name = "nu"
 readme = "README.md"
 repository = "https://github.com/nushell/nushell"
 rust-version = "1.60"
-version = "0.64.0"
+version = "0.66.2"
 
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
 
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ members = [
 	"crates/nu_plugin_gstat",
 	"crates/nu_plugin_example",
 	"crates/nu_plugin_query",
+	"crates/nu_plugin_custom_values",
 	"crates/nu-utils",
 ]
 
@@ -36,23 +37,23 @@ chrono = { version = "0.4.19", features = ["serde"] }
 crossterm = "0.23.0"
 ctrlc = "3.2.1"
 log = "0.4"
-miette = "4.5.0"
+miette = "5.1.0"
 nu-ansi-term = "0.46.0"
-nu-cli = { path="./crates/nu-cli", version = "0.64.0"  }
-nu-color-config = { path = "./crates/nu-color-config", version = "0.64.0"  }
-nu-command = { path="./crates/nu-command", version = "0.64.0"  }
-nu-engine = { path="./crates/nu-engine", version = "0.64.0"  }
-nu-json = { path="./crates/nu-json", version = "0.64.0"  }
-nu-parser = { path="./crates/nu-parser", version = "0.64.0"  }
-nu-path = { path="./crates/nu-path", version = "0.64.0"  }
-nu-plugin = { path = "./crates/nu-plugin", optional = true, version = "0.64.0"  }
-nu-pretty-hex = { path = "./crates/nu-pretty-hex", version = "0.64.0"  }
-nu-protocol = { path = "./crates/nu-protocol", version = "0.64.0"  }
-nu-system = { path = "./crates/nu-system", version = "0.64.0" }
-nu-table = { path = "./crates/nu-table", version = "0.64.0"  }
-nu-term-grid = { path = "./crates/nu-term-grid", version = "0.64.0"  }
-nu-utils = { path = "./crates/nu-utils", version = "0.64.0"  }
-reedline = { version = "0.7.0", features = ["bashisms", "sqlite"]}
+nu-cli = { path="./crates/nu-cli", version = "0.66.2"  }
+nu-color-config = { path = "./crates/nu-color-config", version = "0.66.2"  }
+nu-command = { path="./crates/nu-command", version = "0.66.3"  }
+nu-engine = { path="./crates/nu-engine", version = "0.66.2"  }
+nu-json = { path="./crates/nu-json", version = "0.66.2"  }
+nu-parser = { path="./crates/nu-parser", version = "0.66.2"  }
+nu-path = { path="./crates/nu-path", version = "0.66.2"  }
+nu-plugin = { path = "./crates/nu-plugin", optional = true, version = "0.66.2"  }
+nu-pretty-hex = { path = "./crates/nu-pretty-hex", version = "0.66.2"  }
+nu-protocol = { path = "./crates/nu-protocol", version = "0.66.2"  }
+nu-system = { path = "./crates/nu-system", version = "0.66.2" }
+nu-table = { path = "./crates/nu-table", version = "0.66.2"  }
+nu-term-grid = { path = "./crates/nu-term-grid", version = "0.66.2"  }
+nu-utils = { path = "./crates/nu-utils", version = "0.66.2"  }
+reedline = { version = "0.9.0", features = ["bashisms", "sqlite"]}
 pretty_env_logger = "0.4.0"
 rayon = "1.5.1"
 is_executable = "1.0.1"
@@ -63,13 +64,13 @@ openssl = { version = "0.10.38", features = ["vendored"], optional = true }
 signal-hook = { version = "0.3.14", default-features = false }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-nu-test-support = { path="./crates/nu-test-support", version = "0.64.0"  }
+nu-test-support = { path="./crates/nu-test-support", version = "0.66.2"  }
 tempfile = "3.2.0"
 assert_cmd = "2.0.2"
 pretty_assertions = "1.0.0"
-serial_test = "0.5.1"
+serial_test = "0.8.0"
 hamcrest2 = "0.3.0"
-rstest = "0.12.0"
+rstest = "0.15.0"
 itertools = "0.10.3"
 
 [target.'cfg(windows)'.build-dependencies]

crates/nu-cli/Cargo.toml

@@ -4,29 +4,32 @@ description = "CLI-related functionality for Nushell"
 edition = "2021"
 license = "MIT"
 name = "nu-cli"
-version = "0.64.0"
+version = "0.66.2"
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-nu-test-support = { path="../nu-test-support", version = "0.64.0"  }
-nu-command = { path = "../nu-command", version = "0.64.0" }
+nu-test-support = { path="../nu-test-support", version = "0.66.2"  }
+nu-command = { path = "../nu-command", version = "0.66.2" }
+rstest = "0.15.0"
 
 [dependencies]
-nu-engine = { path = "../nu-engine", version = "0.64.0"  }
-nu-path = { path = "../nu-path", version = "0.64.0"  }
-nu-parser = { path = "../nu-parser", version = "0.64.0"  }
-nu-protocol = { path = "../nu-protocol", version = "0.64.0"  }
-nu-utils = { path = "../nu-utils", version = "0.64.0"  }
+nu-engine = { path = "../nu-engine", version = "0.66.2"  }
+nu-path = { path = "../nu-path", version = "0.66.2"  }
+nu-parser = { path = "../nu-parser", version = "0.66.2"  }
+nu-protocol = { path = "../nu-protocol", version = "0.66.2"  }
+nu-utils = { path = "../nu-utils", version = "0.66.2"  }
 nu-ansi-term = "0.46.0"
-nu-color-config = { path = "../nu-color-config", version = "0.64.0"  }
-reedline = { version = "0.7.0", features = ["bashisms", "sqlite"]}
+nu-color-config = { path = "../nu-color-config", version = "0.66.2"  }
+reedline = { version = "0.9.0", features = ["bashisms", "sqlite"]}
 crossterm = "0.23.0"
-miette = { version = "4.5.0", features = ["fancy"] }
-thiserror = "1.0.29"
+miette = { version = "5.1.0", features = ["fancy"] }
+thiserror = "1.0.31"
 fuzzy-matcher = "0.3.7"
 
-log = "0.4"
-is_executable = "1.0.1"
 chrono = "0.4.19"
+is_executable = "1.0.1"
+lazy_static = "1.4.0"
+log = "0.4"
+regex = "1.5.4"
 sysinfo = "0.24.1"
 
 [features]

crates/nu-cli/src/commands.rs

@@ -5,21 +5,27 @@ use nu_engine::{convert_env_values, eval_block};
 use nu_parser::parse;
 use nu_protocol::engine::Stack;
 use nu_protocol::{
-    engine::{EngineState, StateDelta, StateWorkingSet},
+    engine::{EngineState, StateWorkingSet},
     PipelineData, Spanned, Value,
 };
-use std::path::Path;
 
+/// Run a command (or commands) given to us by the user
 pub fn evaluate_commands(
     commands: &Spanned<String>,
-    init_cwd: &Path,
     engine_state: &mut EngineState,
     stack: &mut Stack,
     input: PipelineData,
     is_perf_true: bool,
     table_mode: Option<Value>,
-) -> Result<()> {
-    // Run a command (or commands) given to us by the user
+) -> Result<Option<i64>> {
+    // Translate environment variables from Strings to Values
+    if let Some(e) = convert_env_values(engine_state, stack) {
+        let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
+        report_error(&working_set, &e);
+        std::process::exit(1);
+    }
+
+    // Parse the source code
     let (block, delta) = {
         if let Some(ref t_mode) = table_mode {
             let mut config = engine_state.get_config().clone();
@@ -39,43 +45,19 @@ pub fn evaluate_commands(
         (output, working_set.render())
     };
 
-    if let Err(err) = engine_state.merge_delta(delta, None, init_cwd) {
+    // Update permanent state
+    if let Err(err) = engine_state.merge_delta(delta) {
         let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
         report_error(&working_set, &err);
     }
 
-    let mut config = engine_state.get_config().clone();
-    if let Some(t_mode) = table_mode {
-        config.table_mode = t_mode.as_string()?;
-    }
-
-    // Merge the delta in case env vars changed in the config
-    match nu_engine::env::current_dir(engine_state, stack) {
-        Ok(cwd) => {
-            if let Err(e) =
-                engine_state.merge_delta(StateDelta::new(engine_state), Some(stack), cwd)
-            {
-                let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
-                report_error(&working_set, &e);
-                std::process::exit(1);
-            }
-        }
-        Err(e) => {
-            let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
-            report_error(&working_set, &e);
-            std::process::exit(1);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Translate environment variables from Strings to Values
-    if let Some(e) = convert_env_values(engine_state, stack) {
-        let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
-        report_error(&working_set, &e);
-        std::process::exit(1);
-    }
-
-    match eval_block(engine_state, stack, &block, input, false, false) {
+    // Run the block
+    let exit_code = match eval_block(engine_state, stack, &block, input, false, false) {
         Ok(pipeline_data) => {
+            let mut config = engine_state.get_config().clone();
+            if let Some(t_mode) = table_mode {
+                config.table_mode = t_mode.as_string()?;
+            }
             crate::eval_file::print_table_or_error(engine_state, stack, pipeline_data, &mut config)
         }
         Err(err) => {
@@ -84,11 +66,11 @@ pub fn evaluate_commands(
             report_error(&working_set, &err);
             std::process::exit(1);
         }
-    }
+    };
 
     if is_perf_true {
         info!("evaluate {}:{}:{}", file!(), line!(), column!());
     }
 
-    Ok(())
+    Ok(exit_code)
 }

crates/nu-cli/src/completions/command_completions.rs

@@ -43,19 +43,21 @@ impl CommandCompletion {
 
                     if let Ok(mut contents) = std::fs::read_dir(path) {
                         while let Some(Ok(item)) = contents.next() {
-                            if !executables.contains(
-                                &item
-                                    .path()
-                                    .file_name()
-                                    .map(|x| x.to_string_lossy().to_string())
-                                    .unwrap_or_default(),
-                            ) && matches!(
-                                item.path()
-                                    .file_name()
-                                    .map(|x| match_algorithm
+                            if self.engine_state.config.max_external_completion_results
+                                > executables.len() as i64
+                                && !executables.contains(
+                                    &item
+                                        .path()
+                                        .file_name()
+                                        .map(|x| x.to_string_lossy().to_string())
+                                        .unwrap_or_default(),
+                                )
+                                && matches!(
+                                    item.path().file_name().map(|x| match_algorithm
                                         .matches_str(&x.to_string_lossy(), prefix)),
-                                Some(true)
-                            ) && is_executable::is_executable(&item.path())
+                                    Some(true)
+                                )
+                                && is_executable::is_executable(&item.path())
                             {
                                 if let Ok(name) = item.file_name().into_string() {
                                     executables.push(name);

crates/nu-cli/src/completions/completer.rs

@@ -68,14 +68,10 @@ impl NuCompleter {
         for pipeline in output.pipelines.into_iter() {
             for expr in pipeline.expressions {
                 let flattened: Vec<_> = flatten_expression(&working_set, &expr);
+                let span_offset: usize = alias_offset.iter().sum();
 
                 for (flat_idx, flat) in flattened.iter().enumerate() {
-                    let alias = if alias_offset.is_empty() {
-                        0
-                    } else {
-                        alias_offset[flat_idx]
-                    };
-                    if pos >= flat.0.start - alias && pos < flat.0.end - alias {
+                    if pos + span_offset >= flat.0.start && pos + span_offset < flat.0.end {
                         // Context variables
                         let most_left_var =
                             most_left_variable(flat_idx, &working_set, flattened.clone());
@@ -84,42 +80,18 @@ impl NuCompleter {
                         let new_span = if flat_idx == 0 {
                             Span {
                                 start: flat.0.start,
-                                end: flat.0.end - 1 - alias,
+                                end: flat.0.end - 1 - span_offset,
                             }
                         } else {
                             Span {
-                                start: flat.0.start - alias,
-                                end: flat.0.end - 1 - alias,
+                                start: flat.0.start - span_offset,
+                                end: flat.0.end - 1 - span_offset,
                             }
                         };
 
                         // Parses the prefix
                         let mut prefix = working_set.get_span_contents(flat.0).to_vec();
-                        prefix.remove(pos - (flat.0.start - alias));
-
-                        // Completions that depends on the previous expression (e.g: use, source)
-                        if flat_idx > 0 {
-                            if let Some(previous_expr) = flattened.get(flat_idx - 1) {
-                                // Read the content for the previous expression
-                                let prev_expr_str =
-                                    working_set.get_span_contents(previous_expr.0).to_vec();
-
-                                // Completion for .nu files
-                                if prev_expr_str == b"use" || prev_expr_str == b"source" {
-                                    let mut completer =
-                                        DotNuCompletion::new(self.engine_state.clone());
-
-                                    return self.process_completion(
-                                        &mut completer,
-                                        &working_set,
-                                        prefix,
-                                        new_span,
-                                        offset,
-                                        pos,
-                                    );
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
+                        prefix.remove(pos - (flat.0.start - span_offset));
 
                         // Variables completion
                         if prefix.starts_with(b"$") || most_left_var.is_some() {
@@ -153,6 +125,42 @@ impl NuCompleter {
                             );
                         }
 
+                        // Completions that depends on the previous expression (e.g: use, source)
+                        if flat_idx > 0 {
+                            if let Some(previous_expr) = flattened.get(flat_idx - 1) {
+                                // Read the content for the previous expression
+                                let prev_expr_str =
+                                    working_set.get_span_contents(previous_expr.0).to_vec();
+
+                                // Completion for .nu files
+                                if prev_expr_str == b"use" || prev_expr_str == b"source" {
+                                    let mut completer =
+                                        DotNuCompletion::new(self.engine_state.clone());
+
+                                    return self.process_completion(
+                                        &mut completer,
+                                        &working_set,
+                                        prefix,
+                                        new_span,
+                                        offset,
+                                        pos,
+                                    );
+                                } else if prev_expr_str == b"ls" {
+                                    let mut completer =
+                                        FileCompletion::new(self.engine_state.clone());
+
+                                    return self.process_completion(
+                                        &mut completer,
+                                        &working_set,
+                                        prefix,
+                                        new_span,
+                                        offset,
+                                        pos,
+                                    );
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+
                         // Match other types
                         match &flat.1 {
                             FlatShape::Custom(decl_id) => {
@@ -185,6 +193,18 @@ impl NuCompleter {
                                     pos,
                                 );
                             }
+                            FlatShape::Filepath | FlatShape::GlobPattern => {
+                                let mut completer = FileCompletion::new(self.engine_state.clone());
+
+                                return self.process_completion(
+                                    &mut completer,
+                                    &working_set,
+                                    prefix,
+                                    new_span,
+                                    offset,
+                                    pos,
+                                );
+                            }
                             flat_shape => {
                                 let mut completer = CommandCompletion::new(
                                     self.engine_state.clone(),
@@ -235,7 +255,7 @@ impl ReedlineCompleter for NuCompleter {
     }
 }
 
-type MatchedAlias<'a> = Vec<(&'a [u8], &'a [u8])>;
+type MatchedAlias = Vec<(Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>)>;
 
 // Handler the completion when giving lines contains at least one alias. (e.g: `g checkout`)
 // that `g` is an alias of `git`
@@ -254,6 +274,13 @@ fn try_find_alias(line: &[u8], working_set: &StateWorkingSet) -> (Vec<u8>, Vec<u
                 lens -= 1;
             }
         }
+
+        if !line.is_empty() {
+            let last = line.last().expect("input is empty");
+            if last == &b' ' {
+                output.push(b' ');
+            }
+        }
     } else {
         output = line.to_vec();
     }
@@ -261,7 +288,7 @@ fn try_find_alias(line: &[u8], working_set: &StateWorkingSet) -> (Vec<u8>, Vec<u
     (output, alias_offset)
 }
 
-fn search_alias<'a>(input: &'a [u8], working_set: &'a StateWorkingSet) -> Option<MatchedAlias<'a>> {
+fn search_alias(input: &[u8], working_set: &StateWorkingSet) -> Option<MatchedAlias> {
     let mut vec_names = vec![];
     let mut vec_alias = vec![];
     let mut pos = 0;
@@ -269,27 +296,31 @@ fn search_alias<'a>(input: &'a [u8], working_set: &'a StateWorkingSet) -> Option
     for (index, character) in input.iter().enumerate() {
         if *character == b' ' {
             let range = &input[pos..index];
-            vec_names.push(range);
+            vec_names.push(range.to_owned());
             pos = index + 1;
         }
     }
     // Push the rest to names vector.
     if pos < input.len() {
-        vec_names.push(&input[pos..]);
+        vec_names.push((&input[pos..]).to_owned());
     }
 
     for name in &vec_names {
-        if let Some(alias_id) = working_set.find_alias(name) {
+        if let Some(alias_id) = working_set.find_alias(&name[..]) {
             let alias_span = working_set.get_alias(alias_id);
+            let mut span_vec = vec![];
             is_alias = true;
             for alias in alias_span {
                 let name = working_set.get_span_contents(*alias);
                 if !name.is_empty() {
-                    vec_alias.push(name);
+                    span_vec.push(name);
                 }
             }
+            // Join span of vector together for complex alias, e.g: `f` is an alias for `git remote -v`
+            let full_aliases = span_vec.join(&[b' '][..]);
+            vec_alias.push(full_aliases);
         } else {
-            vec_alias.push(name);
+            vec_alias.push(name.to_owned());
         }
     }
 

crates/nu-cli/src/completions/variable_completions.rs

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ impl Completer for VariableCompletion {
         options: &CompletionOptions,
     ) -> Vec<Suggestion> {
         let mut output = vec![];
-        let builtins = ["$nu", "$in", "$config", "$env", "$nothing"];
+        let builtins = ["$nu", "$in", "$env", "$nothing"];
         let var_str = std::str::from_utf8(&self.var_context.0)
             .unwrap_or("")
             .to_lowercase();

crates/nu-cli/src/config_files.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,13 @@
 use crate::util::{eval_source, report_error};
 #[cfg(feature = "plugin")]
 use log::info;
-use nu_protocol::engine::{EngineState, Stack, StateDelta, StateWorkingSet};
+#[cfg(feature = "plugin")]
+use nu_parser::ParseError;
+#[cfg(feature = "plugin")]
+use nu_path::canonicalize_with;
+use nu_protocol::engine::{EngineState, Stack, StateWorkingSet};
+#[cfg(feature = "plugin")]
+use nu_protocol::Spanned;
 use nu_protocol::{HistoryFileFormat, PipelineData, Span};
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 
@@ -15,12 +21,13 @@ const HISTORY_FILE_SQLITE: &str = "history.sqlite3";
 pub fn read_plugin_file(
     engine_state: &mut EngineState,
     stack: &mut Stack,
+    plugin_file: Option<Spanned<String>>,
     storage_path: &str,
     is_perf_true: bool,
 ) {
     // Reading signatures from signature file
     // The plugin.nu file stores the parsed signature collected from each registered plugin
-    add_plugin_file(engine_state, storage_path);
+    add_plugin_file(engine_state, plugin_file, storage_path);
 
     let plugin_path = engine_state.plugin_signatures.clone();
     if let Some(plugin_path) = plugin_path {
@@ -43,8 +50,23 @@ pub fn read_plugin_file(
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "plugin")]
-pub fn add_plugin_file(engine_state: &mut EngineState, storage_path: &str) {
-    if let Some(mut plugin_path) = nu_path::config_dir() {
+pub fn add_plugin_file(
+    engine_state: &mut EngineState,
+    plugin_file: Option<Spanned<String>>,
+    storage_path: &str,
+) {
+    if let Some(plugin_file) = plugin_file {
+        let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
+        let cwd = working_set.get_cwd();
+
+        match canonicalize_with(&plugin_file.item, cwd) {
+            Ok(path) => engine_state.plugin_signatures = Some(path),
+            Err(_) => {
+                let e = ParseError::FileNotFound(plugin_file.item, plugin_file.span);
+                report_error(&working_set, &e);
+            }
+        }
+    } else if let Some(mut plugin_path) = nu_path::config_dir() {
         // Path to store plugins signatures
         plugin_path.push(storage_path);
         plugin_path.push(PLUGIN_FILE);
@@ -69,12 +91,10 @@ pub fn eval_config_contents(
                 PipelineData::new(Span::new(0, 0)),
             );
 
-            // Merge the delta in case env vars changed in the config
+            // Merge the environment in case env vars changed in the config
             match nu_engine::env::current_dir(engine_state, stack) {
                 Ok(cwd) => {
-                    if let Err(e) =
-                        engine_state.merge_delta(StateDelta::new(engine_state), Some(stack), cwd)
-                    {
+                    if let Err(e) = engine_state.merge_env(stack, cwd) {
                         let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
                         report_error(&working_set, &e);
                     }

crates/nu-cli/src/eval_file.rs

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ pub fn print_table_or_error(
     stack: &mut Stack,
     mut pipeline_data: PipelineData,
     config: &mut Config,
-) {
+) -> Option<i64> {
     let exit_code = match &mut pipeline_data {
         PipelineData::ExternalStream { exit_code, .. } => exit_code.take(),
         _ => None,
@@ -77,59 +77,63 @@ pub fn print_table_or_error(
 
     match engine_state.find_decl("table".as_bytes(), &[]) {
         Some(decl_id) => {
-            let table = engine_state.get_decl(decl_id).run(
-                engine_state,
-                stack,
-                &Call::new(Span::new(0, 0)),
-                pipeline_data,
-            );
+            let command = engine_state.get_decl(decl_id);
+            if command.get_block_id().is_some() {
+                print_or_exit(pipeline_data, engine_state, config);
+            } else {
+                let table = command.run(
+                    engine_state,
+                    stack,
+                    &Call::new(Span::new(0, 0)),
+                    pipeline_data,
+                );
 
-            match table {
-                Ok(table) => {
-                    for item in table {
-                        if let Value::Error { error } = item {
-                            let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
-
-                            report_error(&working_set, &error);
-
-                            std::process::exit(1);
-                        }
-
-                        let mut out = item.into_string("\n", config);
-                        out.push('\n');
-
-                        let _ = stdout_write_all_and_flush(out).map_err(|err| eprintln!("{}", err));
+                match table {
+                    Ok(table) => {
+                        print_or_exit(table, engine_state, config);
                     }
-                }
-                Err(error) => {
-                    let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
+                    Err(error) => {
+                        let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
 
-                    report_error(&working_set, &error);
+                        report_error(&working_set, &error);
 
-                    std::process::exit(1);
+                        std::process::exit(1);
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }
         None => {
-            for item in pipeline_data {
-                if let Value::Error { error } = item {
-                    let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
-
-                    report_error(&working_set, &error);
-
-                    std::process::exit(1);
-                }
-
-                let mut out = item.into_string("\n", config);
-                out.push('\n');
-
-                let _ = stdout_write_all_and_flush(out).map_err(|err| eprintln!("{}", err));
-            }
+            print_or_exit(pipeline_data, engine_state, config);
         }
     };
 
     // Make sure everything has finished
     if let Some(exit_code) = exit_code {
-        let _: Vec<_> = exit_code.into_iter().collect();
+        let mut exit_code: Vec<_> = exit_code.into_iter().collect();
+        exit_code
+            .pop()
+            .and_then(|last_exit_code| match last_exit_code {
+                Value::Int { val: code, .. } => Some(code),
+                _ => None,
+            })
+    } else {
+        None
+    }
+}
+
+fn print_or_exit(pipeline_data: PipelineData, engine_state: &mut EngineState, config: &Config) {
+    for item in pipeline_data {
+        if let Value::Error { error } = item {
+            let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
+
+            report_error(&working_set, &error);
+
+            std::process::exit(1);
+        }
+
+        let mut out = item.into_string("\n", config);
+        out.push('\n');
+
+        let _ = stdout_write_all_and_flush(out).map_err(|err| eprintln!("{}", err));
     }
 }

crates/nu-cli/src/lib.rs

@@ -22,8 +22,9 @@ pub use nu_highlight::NuHighlight;
 pub use print::Print;
 pub use prompt::NushellPrompt;
 pub use repl::evaluate_repl;
+pub use repl::{eval_env_change_hook, eval_hook};
 pub use syntax_highlight::NuHighlighter;
-pub use util::{eval_source, gather_parent_env_vars, get_init_cwd, report_error};
+pub use util::{eval_source, gather_parent_env_vars, get_init_cwd, report_error, report_error_new};
 pub use validation::NuValidator;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "plugin")]

crates/nu-cli/src/print.rs

@@ -21,11 +21,19 @@ impl Command for Print {
                 "print without inserting a newline for the line ending",
                 Some('n'),
             )
+            .switch("stderr", "print to stderr instead of stdout", Some('e'))
             .category(Category::Strings)
     }
 
     fn usage(&self) -> &str {
-        "Prints the values given"
+        "Print the given values to stdout"
+    }
+
+    fn extra_usage(&self) -> &str {
+        r#"Unlike `echo`, this command does not return any value (`print | describe` will return "nothing").
+Since this command has no output, there is no point in piping it with other commands.
+
+`print` may be used inside blocks of code (e.g.: hooks) to display text during execution without interfering with the pipeline."#
     }
 
     fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
@@ -41,11 +49,12 @@ impl Command for Print {
     ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
         let args: Vec<Value> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
         let no_newline = call.has_flag("no-newline");
+        let to_stderr = call.has_flag("stderr");
         let head = call.head;
 
         for arg in args {
             arg.into_pipeline_data()
-                .print(engine_state, stack, no_newline)?;
+                .print(engine_state, stack, no_newline, to_stderr)?;
         }
 
         Ok(PipelineData::new(head))

crates/nu-cli/src/prompt.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
+#[cfg(windows)]
+use nu_utils::enable_vt_processing;
 use reedline::DefaultPrompt;
-
 use {
     reedline::{
         Prompt, PromptEditMode, PromptHistorySearch, PromptHistorySearchStatus, PromptViMode,
@@ -86,6 +87,11 @@ impl NushellPrompt {
 
 impl Prompt for NushellPrompt {
     fn render_prompt_left(&self) -> Cow<str> {
+        #[cfg(windows)]
+        {
+            let _ = enable_vt_processing();
+        }
+
         if let Some(prompt_string) = &self.left_prompt_string {
             prompt_string.replace('\n', "\r\n").into()
         } else {

crates/nu-cli/src/prompt_update.rs

@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@ pub(crate) const PROMPT_INDICATOR: &str = "PROMPT_INDICATOR";
 pub(crate) const PROMPT_INDICATOR_VI_INSERT: &str = "PROMPT_INDICATOR_VI_INSERT";
 pub(crate) const PROMPT_INDICATOR_VI_NORMAL: &str = "PROMPT_INDICATOR_VI_NORMAL";
 pub(crate) const PROMPT_MULTILINE_INDICATOR: &str = "PROMPT_MULTILINE_INDICATOR";
+// According to Daniel Imms @Tyriar, we need to do these this way:
+// <133 A><prompt><133 B><command><133 C><command output>
+const PRE_PROMPT_MARKER: &str = "\x1b]133;A\x1b\\";
+const POST_PROMPT_MARKER: &str = "\x1b]133;B\x1b\\";
 
 fn get_prompt_string(
     prompt: &str,
@@ -98,6 +102,20 @@ pub(crate) fn update_prompt<'prompt>(
         is_perf_true,
     );
 
+    // Now that we have the prompt string lets ansify it.
+    // <133 A><prompt><133 B><command><133 C><command output>
+    let left_prompt_string = if config.shell_integration {
+        match left_prompt_string {
+            Some(prompt_string) => Some(format!(
+                "{}{}{}",
+                PRE_PROMPT_MARKER, prompt_string, POST_PROMPT_MARKER
+            )),
+            None => left_prompt_string,
+        }
+    } else {
+        left_prompt_string
+    };
+
     let right_prompt_string = get_prompt_string(
         PROMPT_COMMAND_RIGHT,
         config,

crates/nu-cli/src/reedline_config.rs

@@ -875,7 +875,16 @@ fn edit_from_record(
         "moveleft" => EditCommand::MoveLeft,
         "moveright" => EditCommand::MoveRight,
         "movewordleft" => EditCommand::MoveWordLeft,
+        "movebigwordleft" => EditCommand::MoveBigWordLeft,
         "movewordright" => EditCommand::MoveWordRight,
+        "movewordrightend" => EditCommand::MoveWordRightEnd,
+        "movebigwordrightend" => EditCommand::MoveBigWordRightEnd,
+        "movewordrightstart" => EditCommand::MoveWordRightStart,
+        "movebigwordrightstart" => EditCommand::MoveBigWordRightStart,
+        "movetoposition" => {
+            let value = extract_value("value", cols, vals, span)?;
+            EditCommand::MoveToPosition(value.as_integer()? as usize)
+        }
         "insertchar" => {
             let value = extract_value("value", cols, vals, span)?;
             let char = extract_char(value, config)?;
@@ -888,6 +897,7 @@ fn edit_from_record(
         "insertnewline" => EditCommand::InsertNewline,
         "backspace" => EditCommand::Backspace,
         "delete" => EditCommand::Delete,
+        "cutchar" => EditCommand::CutChar,
         "backspaceword" => EditCommand::BackspaceWord,
         "deleteword" => EditCommand::DeleteWord,
         "clear" => EditCommand::Clear,
@@ -898,7 +908,11 @@ fn edit_from_record(
         "cuttoend" => EditCommand::CutToEnd,
         "cuttolineend" => EditCommand::CutToLineEnd,
         "cutwordleft" => EditCommand::CutWordLeft,
+        "cutbigwordleft" => EditCommand::CutBigWordLeft,
         "cutwordright" => EditCommand::CutWordRight,
+        "cutbigwordright" => EditCommand::CutBigWordRight,
+        "cutwordrighttonext" => EditCommand::CutWordRightToNext,
+        "cutbigwordrighttonext" => EditCommand::CutBigWordRightToNext,
         "pastecutbufferbefore" => EditCommand::PasteCutBufferBefore,
         "pastecutbufferafter" => EditCommand::PasteCutBufferAfter,
         "uppercaseword" => EditCommand::UppercaseWord,

crates/nu-cli/src/repl.rs

@@ -2,26 +2,34 @@ use crate::{
     completions::NuCompleter,
     prompt_update,
     reedline_config::{add_menus, create_keybindings, KeybindingsMode},
-    util::{eval_source, report_error},
+    util::{eval_source, get_guaranteed_cwd, report_error, report_error_new},
     NuHighlighter, NuValidator, NushellPrompt,
 };
-use log::{info, trace};
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
+use log::{info, trace, warn};
 use miette::{IntoDiagnostic, Result};
 use nu_color_config::get_color_config;
 use nu_engine::{convert_env_values, eval_block};
-use nu_parser::lex;
+use nu_parser::{lex, parse};
 use nu_protocol::{
+    ast::PathMember,
     engine::{EngineState, Stack, StateWorkingSet},
-    BlockId, HistoryFileFormat, PipelineData, PositionalArg, ShellError, Span, Value,
+    BlockId, HistoryFileFormat, PipelineData, PositionalArg, ShellError, Span, Type, Value, VarId,
 };
 use reedline::{DefaultHinter, Emacs, SqliteBackedHistory, Vi};
+use regex::Regex;
 use std::io::{self, Write};
 use std::{sync::atomic::Ordering, time::Instant};
 use sysinfo::SystemExt;
 
-const PRE_PROMPT_MARKER: &str = "\x1b]133;A\x1b\\";
+// According to Daniel Imms @Tyriar, we need to do these this way:
+// <133 A><prompt><133 B><command><133 C><command output>
+// These first two have been moved to prompt_update to get as close as possible to the prompt.
+// const PRE_PROMPT_MARKER: &str = "\x1b]133;A\x1b\\";
+// const POST_PROMPT_MARKER: &str = "\x1b]133;B\x1b\\";
 const PRE_EXECUTE_MARKER: &str = "\x1b]133;C\x1b\\";
-const CMD_FINISHED_MARKER: &str = "\x1b]133;D\x1b\\";
+// This one is in get_command_finished_marker() now so we can capture the exit codes properly.
+// const CMD_FINISHED_MARKER: &str = "\x1b]133;D;{}\x1b\\";
 const RESET_APPLICATION_MODE: &str = "\x1b[?1l";
 
 pub fn evaluate_repl(
@@ -79,7 +87,7 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
 
     // Get the config once for the history `max_history_size`
     // Updating that will not be possible in one session
-    let mut config = engine_state.get_config();
+    let config = engine_state.get_config();
 
     if is_perf_true {
         info!("setup reedline {}:{}:{}", file!(), line!(), column!());
@@ -121,6 +129,14 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
             );
         }
 
+        let cwd = get_guaranteed_cwd(engine_state, stack);
+
+        // Before doing anything, merge the environment from the previous REPL iteration into the
+        // permanent state.
+        if let Err(err) = engine_state.merge_env(stack, cwd) {
+            report_error_new(engine_state, &err);
+        }
+
         //Reset the ctrl-c handler
         if let Some(ctrlc) = &mut engine_state.ctrlc {
             ctrlc.store(false, Ordering::SeqCst);
@@ -130,7 +146,7 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
             sig_quit.store(false, Ordering::SeqCst);
         }
 
-        config = engine_state.get_config();
+        let config = engine_state.get_config();
 
         if is_perf_true {
             info!("setup colors {}:{}:{}", file!(), line!(), column!());
@@ -147,7 +163,6 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
                 engine_state: engine_state.clone(),
                 config: config.clone(),
             }))
-            .with_animation(config.animate_prompt)
             .with_validator(Box::new(NuValidator {
                 engine_state: engine_state.clone(),
             }))
@@ -201,7 +216,10 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
             if is_perf_true {
                 info!("sync history {}:{}:{}", file!(), line!(), column!());
             }
-            line_editor.sync_history().into_diagnostic()?;
+
+            if let Err(e) = line_editor.sync_history() {
+                warn!("Failed to sync history: {}", e);
+            }
         }
 
         if is_perf_true {
@@ -236,64 +254,22 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
 
         // Right before we start our prompt and take input from the user,
         // fire the "pre_prompt" hook
-        if let Some(hook) = &config.hooks.pre_prompt {
-            if let Err(err) = run_hook(engine_state, stack, vec![], hook) {
-                let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
-                report_error(&working_set, &err);
+        if let Some(hook) = config.hooks.pre_prompt.clone() {
+            if let Err(err) = eval_hook(engine_state, stack, vec![], &hook) {
+                report_error_new(engine_state, &err);
             }
         }
 
         // Next, check all the environment variables they ask for
         // fire the "env_change" hook
-        if let Some(hook) = config.hooks.env_change.clone() {
-            match hook {
-                Value::Record {
-                    cols, vals: blocks, ..
-                } => {
-                    for (idx, env_var) in cols.iter().enumerate() {
-                        let before = engine_state
-                            .previous_env_vars
-                            .get(env_var)
-                            .cloned()
-                            .unwrap_or_default();
-                        let after = stack.get_env_var(engine_state, env_var).unwrap_or_default();
-                        if before != after {
-                            if let Err(err) = run_hook(
-                                engine_state,
-                                stack,
-                                vec![before, after.clone()],
-                                &blocks[idx],
-                            ) {
-                                let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
-                                report_error(&working_set, &err);
-                            }
-
-                            engine_state
-                                .previous_env_vars
-                                .insert(env_var.to_string(), after);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                x => {
-                    let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
-                    report_error(
-                        &working_set,
-                        &ShellError::TypeMismatch(
-                            "record for 'env_change' hook".to_string(),
-                            x.span().unwrap_or_else(|_| Span::new(0, 0)),
-                        ),
-                    )
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        config = engine_state.get_config();
-
-        let shell_integration = config.shell_integration;
-        if shell_integration {
-            run_ansi_sequence(PRE_PROMPT_MARKER)?;
+        let config = engine_state.get_config();
+        if let Err(error) =
+            eval_env_change_hook(config.hooks.env_change.clone(), engine_state, stack)
+        {
+            report_error_new(engine_state, &error)
         }
 
+        let config = engine_state.get_config();
         let prompt =
             prompt_update::update_prompt(config, engine_state, stack, &mut nu_prompt, is_perf_true);
 
@@ -309,6 +285,7 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
         }
 
         let input = line_editor.read_line(prompt);
+        let shell_integration = config.shell_integration;
 
         match input {
             Ok(Signal::Success(s)) => {
@@ -328,32 +305,31 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
 
                 // Right before we start running the code the user gave us,
                 // fire the "pre_execution" hook
-                if let Some(hook) = &config.hooks.pre_execution {
-                    if let Err(err) = run_hook(engine_state, stack, vec![], hook) {
-                        let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
-                        report_error(&working_set, &err);
+                if let Some(hook) = config.hooks.pre_execution.clone() {
+                    if let Err(err) = eval_hook(engine_state, stack, vec![], &hook) {
+                        report_error_new(engine_state, &err);
                     }
                 }
 
                 if shell_integration {
                     run_ansi_sequence(RESET_APPLICATION_MODE)?;
                     run_ansi_sequence(PRE_EXECUTE_MARKER)?;
-                    if let Some(cwd) = stack.get_env_var(engine_state, "PWD") {
-                        let path = cwd.as_string()?;
-                        // Try to abbreviate string for windows title
-                        let maybe_abbrev_path = if let Some(p) = nu_path::home_dir() {
-                            path.replace(&p.as_path().display().to_string(), "~")
-                        } else {
-                            path
-                        };
+                    // if let Some(cwd) = stack.get_env_var(engine_state, "PWD") {
+                    //     let path = cwd.as_string()?;
+                    //     // Try to abbreviate string for windows title
+                    //     let maybe_abbrev_path = if let Some(p) = nu_path::home_dir() {
+                    //         path.replace(&p.as_path().display().to_string(), "~")
+                    //     } else {
+                    //         path
+                    //     };
 
-                        // Set window title too
-                        // https://tldp.org/HOWTO/Xterm-Title-3.html
-                        // ESC]0;stringBEL -- Set icon name and window title to string
-                        // ESC]1;stringBEL -- Set icon name to string
-                        // ESC]2;stringBEL -- Set window title to string
-                        run_ansi_sequence(&format!("\x1b]2;{}\x07", maybe_abbrev_path))?;
-                    }
+                    //     // Set window title too
+                    //     // https://tldp.org/HOWTO/Xterm-Title-3.html
+                    //     // ESC]0;stringBEL -- Set icon name and window title to string
+                    //     // ESC]1;stringBEL -- Set icon name to string
+                    //     // ESC]2;stringBEL -- Set window title to string
+                    //     run_ansi_sequence(&format!("\x1b]2;{}\x07", maybe_abbrev_path))?;
+                    // }
                 }
 
                 let start_time = Instant::now();
@@ -364,13 +340,7 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
 
                 let orig = s.clone();
 
-                if (orig.starts_with('.')
-                    || orig.starts_with('~')
-                    || orig.starts_with('/')
-                    || orig.starts_with('\\'))
-                    && path.is_dir()
-                    && tokens.0.len() == 1
-                {
+                if looks_like_path(&orig) && path.is_dir() && tokens.0.len() == 1 {
                     // We have an auto-cd
                     let (path, span) = {
                         if !path.exists() {
@@ -386,6 +356,14 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
                         (path.to_string_lossy().to_string(), tokens.0[0].span)
                     };
 
+                    stack.add_env_var(
+                        "OLDPWD".into(),
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: cwd.clone(),
+                            span: Span { start: 0, end: 0 },
+                        },
+                    );
+
                     //FIXME: this only changes the current scope, but instead this environment variable
                     //should probably be a block that loads the information from the state in the overlay
                     stack.add_env_var(
@@ -437,14 +415,6 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
                     },
                 );
 
-                // FIXME: permanent state changes like this hopefully in time can be removed
-                // and be replaced by just passing the cwd in where needed
-                if let Some(cwd) = stack.get_env_var(engine_state, "PWD") {
-                    let path = cwd.as_string()?;
-                    let _ = std::env::set_current_dir(path);
-                    engine_state.add_env_var("PWD".into(), cwd);
-                }
-
                 if history_supports_meta && !s.is_empty() {
                     line_editor
                         .update_last_command_context(&|mut c| {
@@ -458,20 +428,35 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
                 }
 
                 if shell_integration {
-                    // FIXME: use variant with exit code, if apropriate
-                    run_ansi_sequence(CMD_FINISHED_MARKER)?;
+                    run_ansi_sequence(&get_command_finished_marker(stack, engine_state))?;
+                    if let Some(cwd) = stack.get_env_var(engine_state, "PWD") {
+                        let path = cwd.as_string()?;
+                        // Try to abbreviate string for windows title
+                        let maybe_abbrev_path = if let Some(p) = nu_path::home_dir() {
+                            path.replace(&p.as_path().display().to_string(), "~")
+                        } else {
+                            path
+                        };
+
+                        // Set window title too
+                        // https://tldp.org/HOWTO/Xterm-Title-3.html
+                        // ESC]0;stringBEL -- Set icon name and window title to string
+                        // ESC]1;stringBEL -- Set icon name to string
+                        // ESC]2;stringBEL -- Set window title to string
+                        run_ansi_sequence(&format!("\x1b]2;{}\x07", maybe_abbrev_path))?;
+                    }
                 }
             }
             Ok(Signal::CtrlC) => {
                 // `Reedline` clears the line content. New prompt is shown
                 if shell_integration {
-                    run_ansi_sequence(CMD_FINISHED_MARKER)?;
+                    run_ansi_sequence(&get_command_finished_marker(stack, engine_state))?;
                 }
             }
             Ok(Signal::CtrlD) => {
                 // When exiting clear to a new line
                 if shell_integration {
-                    run_ansi_sequence(CMD_FINISHED_MARKER)?;
+                    run_ansi_sequence(&get_command_finished_marker(stack, engine_state))?;
                 }
                 println!();
                 break;
@@ -482,7 +467,7 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
                     println!("Error: {:?}", err);
                 }
                 if shell_integration {
-                    run_ansi_sequence(CMD_FINISHED_MARKER)?;
+                    run_ansi_sequence(&get_command_finished_marker(stack, engine_state))?;
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -491,6 +476,285 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
     Ok(())
 }
 
+pub fn get_command_finished_marker(stack: &Stack, engine_state: &EngineState) -> String {
+    let exit_code = stack
+        .get_env_var(engine_state, "LAST_EXIT_CODE")
+        .and_then(|e| e.as_i64().ok());
+
+    format!("\x1b]133;D;{}\x1b\\", exit_code.unwrap_or(0))
+}
+
+pub fn eval_env_change_hook(
+    env_change_hook: Option<Value>,
+    engine_state: &mut EngineState,
+    stack: &mut Stack,
+) -> Result<(), ShellError> {
+    if let Some(hook) = env_change_hook {
+        match hook {
+            Value::Record {
+                cols: env_names,
+                vals: hook_values,
+                ..
+            } => {
+                for (env_name, hook_value) in env_names.iter().zip(hook_values.iter()) {
+                    let before = engine_state
+                        .previous_env_vars
+                        .get(env_name)
+                        .cloned()
+                        .unwrap_or_default();
+
+                    let after = stack
+                        .get_env_var(engine_state, env_name)
+                        .unwrap_or_default();
+
+                    if before != after {
+                        eval_hook(
+                            engine_state,
+                            stack,
+                            vec![("$before".into(), before), ("$after".into(), after.clone())],
+                            hook_value,
+                        )?;
+
+                        engine_state
+                            .previous_env_vars
+                            .insert(env_name.to_string(), after);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            x => {
+                return Err(ShellError::TypeMismatch(
+                    "record for the 'env_change' hook".to_string(),
+                    x.span()?,
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn eval_hook(
+    engine_state: &mut EngineState,
+    stack: &mut Stack,
+    arguments: Vec<(String, Value)>,
+    value: &Value,
+) -> Result<(), ShellError> {
+    let value_span = value.span()?;
+
+    let condition_path = PathMember::String {
+        val: "condition".to_string(),
+        span: value_span,
+    };
+
+    let code_path = PathMember::String {
+        val: "code".to_string(),
+        span: value_span,
+    };
+
+    match value {
+        Value::List { vals, .. } => {
+            for val in vals {
+                eval_hook(engine_state, stack, arguments.clone(), val)?
+            }
+        }
+        Value::Record { .. } => {
+            let do_run_hook =
+                if let Ok(condition) = value.clone().follow_cell_path(&[condition_path], false) {
+                    match condition {
+                        Value::Block {
+                            val: block_id,
+                            span: block_span,
+                            ..
+                        } => {
+                            match run_hook_block(
+                                engine_state,
+                                stack,
+                                block_id,
+                                arguments.clone(),
+                                block_span,
+                            ) {
+                                Ok(value) => match value {
+                                    Value::Bool { val, .. } => val,
+                                    other => {
+                                        return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedConfigValue(
+                                            "boolean output".to_string(),
+                                            format!("{}", other.get_type()),
+                                            other.span()?,
+                                        ));
+                                    }
+                                },
+                                Err(err) => {
+                                    return Err(err);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        other => {
+                            return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedConfigValue(
+                                "block".to_string(),
+                                format!("{}", other.get_type()),
+                                other.span()?,
+                            ));
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    // always run the hook
+                    true
+                };
+
+            if do_run_hook {
+                match value.clone().follow_cell_path(&[code_path], false)? {
+                    Value::String {
+                        val,
+                        span: source_span,
+                    } => {
+                        let (block, delta, vars) = {
+                            let mut working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
+
+                            let mut vars: Vec<(VarId, Value)> = vec![];
+
+                            for (name, val) in arguments {
+                                let var_id = working_set.add_variable(
+                                    name.as_bytes().to_vec(),
+                                    val.span()?,
+                                    Type::Any,
+                                );
+
+                                vars.push((var_id, val));
+                            }
+
+                            let (output, err) =
+                                parse(&mut working_set, Some("hook"), val.as_bytes(), false, &[]);
+                            if let Some(err) = err {
+                                report_error(&working_set, &err);
+
+                                return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedConfigValue(
+                                    "valid source code".into(),
+                                    "source code with syntax errors".into(),
+                                    source_span,
+                                ));
+                            }
+
+                            (output, working_set.render(), vars)
+                        };
+
+                        engine_state.merge_delta(delta)?;
+                        let input = PipelineData::new(value_span);
+
+                        let var_ids: Vec<VarId> = vars
+                            .into_iter()
+                            .map(|(var_id, val)| {
+                                stack.add_var(var_id, val);
+                                var_id
+                            })
+                            .collect();
+
+                        match eval_block(engine_state, stack, &block, input, false, false) {
+                            Ok(_) => {}
+                            Err(err) => {
+                                report_error_new(engine_state, &err);
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        for var_id in var_ids.iter() {
+                            stack.vars.remove(var_id);
+                        }
+
+                        let cwd = get_guaranteed_cwd(engine_state, stack);
+                        engine_state.merge_env(stack, cwd)?;
+                    }
+                    Value::Block {
+                        val: block_id,
+                        span: block_span,
+                        ..
+                    } => {
+                        run_hook_block(engine_state, stack, block_id, arguments, block_span)?;
+                        let cwd = get_guaranteed_cwd(engine_state, stack);
+                        engine_state.merge_env(stack, cwd)?;
+                    }
+                    other => {
+                        return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedConfigValue(
+                            "block or string".to_string(),
+                            format!("{}", other.get_type()),
+                            other.span()?,
+                        ));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Value::Block {
+            val: block_id,
+            span: block_span,
+            ..
+        } => {
+            run_hook_block(engine_state, stack, *block_id, arguments, *block_span)?;
+        }
+        other => {
+            return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedConfigValue(
+                "block, record, or list of records".into(),
+                format!("{}", other.get_type()),
+                other.span()?,
+            ));
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn run_hook_block(
+    engine_state: &EngineState,
+    stack: &mut Stack,
+    block_id: BlockId,
+    arguments: Vec<(String, Value)>,
+    span: Span,
+) -> Result<Value, ShellError> {
+    let block = engine_state.get_block(block_id);
+
+    let input = PipelineData::new(span);
+
+    let mut callee_stack = stack.gather_captures(&block.captures);
+
+    for (idx, PositionalArg { var_id, .. }) in
+        block.signature.required_positional.iter().enumerate()
+    {
+        if let Some(var_id) = var_id {
+            if let Some(arg) = arguments.get(idx) {
+                callee_stack.add_var(*var_id, arg.1.clone())
+            } else {
+                return Err(ShellError::IncompatibleParametersSingle(
+                    "This hook block has too many parameters".into(),
+                    span,
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    match eval_block(engine_state, &mut callee_stack, block, input, false, false) {
+        Ok(pipeline_data) => match pipeline_data.into_value(span) {
+            Value::Error { error } => Err(error),
+            val => {
+                // If all went fine, preserve the environment of the called block
+                let caller_env_vars = stack.get_env_var_names(engine_state);
+
+                // remove env vars that are present in the caller but not in the callee
+                // (the callee hid them)
+                for var in caller_env_vars.iter() {
+                    if !callee_stack.has_env_var(engine_state, var) {
+                        stack.remove_env_var(engine_state, var);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // add new env vars from callee to caller
+                for (var, value) in callee_stack.get_stack_env_vars() {
+                    stack.add_env_var(var, value);
+                }
+
+                Ok(val)
+            }
+        },
+        Err(err) => Err(err),
+    }
+}
+
 fn run_ansi_sequence(seq: &str) -> Result<(), ShellError> {
     match io::stdout().write_all(seq.as_bytes()) {
         Ok(it) => it,
@@ -515,62 +779,33 @@ fn run_ansi_sequence(seq: &str) -> Result<(), ShellError> {
     })
 }
 
-pub fn run_hook(
-    engine_state: &EngineState,
-    stack: &mut Stack,
-    arguments: Vec<Value>,
-    value: &Value,
-) -> Result<(), ShellError> {
-    match value {
-        Value::List { vals, .. } => {
-            for val in vals {
-                run_hook(engine_state, stack, arguments.clone(), val)?
-            }
-            Ok(())
-        }
-        Value::Block {
-            val: block_id,
-            span,
-            ..
-        } => run_hook_block(engine_state, stack, *block_id, arguments, *span),
-        x => match x.span() {
-            Ok(span) => Err(ShellError::MissingConfigValue(
-                "block for hook in config".into(),
-                span,
-            )),
-            _ => Err(ShellError::MissingConfigValue(
-                "block for hook in config".into(),
-                Span { start: 0, end: 0 },
-            )),
-        },
-    }
+lazy_static! {
+    // Absolute paths with a drive letter, like 'C:', 'D:\', 'E:\foo'
+    static ref DRIVE_PATH_REGEX: Regex =
+        Regex::new(r"^[a-zA-Z]:[/\\]?").expect("Internal error: regex creation");
 }
 
-pub fn run_hook_block(
-    engine_state: &EngineState,
-    stack: &mut Stack,
-    block_id: BlockId,
-    arguments: Vec<Value>,
-    span: Span,
-) -> Result<(), ShellError> {
-    let block = engine_state.get_block(block_id);
-    let input = PipelineData::new(span);
-
-    let mut callee_stack = stack.gather_captures(&block.captures);
-
-    for (idx, PositionalArg { var_id, .. }) in
-        block.signature.required_positional.iter().enumerate()
+// A best-effort "does this string look kinda like a path?" function to determine whether to auto-cd
+fn looks_like_path(orig: &str) -> bool {
+    #[cfg(windows)]
     {
-        if let Some(var_id) = var_id {
-            callee_stack.add_var(*var_id, arguments[idx].clone())
+        if DRIVE_PATH_REGEX.is_match(orig) {
+            return true;
         }
     }
 
-    match eval_block(engine_state, &mut callee_stack, block, input, false, false) {
-        Ok(pipeline_data) => match pipeline_data.into_value(span) {
-            Value::Error { error } => Err(error),
-            _ => Ok(()),
-        },
-        Err(err) => Err(err),
-    }
+    orig.starts_with('.')
+        || orig.starts_with('~')
+        || orig.starts_with('/')
+        || orig.starts_with('\\')
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn looks_like_path_windows_drive_path_works() {
+    let on_windows = cfg!(windows);
+    assert_eq!(looks_like_path("C:"), on_windows);
+    assert_eq!(looks_like_path("D:\\"), on_windows);
+    assert_eq!(looks_like_path("E:/"), on_windows);
+    assert_eq!(looks_like_path("F:\\some_dir"), on_windows);
+    assert_eq!(looks_like_path("G:/some_dir"), on_windows);
 }

crates/nu-cli/src/util.rs

@@ -224,16 +224,11 @@ pub fn eval_source(
         (output, working_set.render())
     };
 
-    let cwd = match nu_engine::env::current_dir(engine_state, stack) {
-        Ok(p) => p,
-        Err(e) => {
-            let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
-            report_error(&working_set, &e);
-            get_init_cwd()
-        }
-    };
-
-    let _ = engine_state.merge_delta(delta, Some(stack), &cwd);
+    if let Err(err) = engine_state.merge_delta(delta) {
+        set_last_exit_code(stack, 1);
+        report_error_new(engine_state, &err);
+        return false;
+    }
 
     match eval_block(engine_state, stack, &block, input, false, false) {
         Ok(mut pipeline_data) => {
@@ -247,7 +242,7 @@ pub fn eval_source(
                 set_last_exit_code(stack, 0);
             }
 
-            if let Err(err) = pipeline_data.print(engine_state, stack, false) {
+            if let Err(err) = pipeline_data.print(engine_state, stack, false, false) {
                 let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
 
                 report_error(&working_set, &err);
@@ -297,6 +292,15 @@ pub fn report_error(
     }
 }
 
+pub fn report_error_new(
+    engine_state: &EngineState,
+    error: &(dyn miette::Diagnostic + Send + Sync + 'static),
+) {
+    let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
+
+    report_error(&working_set, error);
+}
+
 pub fn get_init_cwd() -> PathBuf {
     match std::env::current_dir() {
         Ok(cwd) => cwd,
@@ -310,6 +314,17 @@ pub fn get_init_cwd() -> PathBuf {
     }
 }
 
+pub fn get_guaranteed_cwd(engine_state: &EngineState, stack: &Stack) -> PathBuf {
+    match nu_engine::env::current_dir(engine_state, stack) {
+        Ok(p) => p,
+        Err(e) => {
+            let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
+            report_error(&working_set, &e);
+            get_init_cwd()
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
     use super::*;

crates/nu-cli/tests/alias.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+pub mod support;
+
+use nu_cli::NuCompleter;
+use reedline::Completer;
+use support::{match_suggestions, new_engine};
+
+#[test]
+fn alias_of_command_and_flags() {
+    let (dir, _, mut engine, mut stack) = new_engine();
+
+    // Create an alias
+    let alias = r#"alias ll = ls -l"#;
+    assert!(support::merge_input(alias.as_bytes(), &mut engine, &mut stack, dir).is_ok());
+
+    let mut completer = NuCompleter::new(std::sync::Arc::new(engine), stack);
+
+    let suggestions = completer.complete("ll t", 4);
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    let expected_paths: Vec<String> = vec!["test_a\\".to_string(), "test_b\\".to_string()];
+    #[cfg(not(windows))]
+    let expected_paths: Vec<String> = vec!["test_a/".to_string(), "test_b/".to_string()];
+
+    match_suggestions(expected_paths, suggestions)
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn alias_of_basic_command() {
+    let (dir, _, mut engine, mut stack) = new_engine();
+
+    // Create an alias
+    let alias = r#"alias ll = ls "#;
+    assert!(support::merge_input(alias.as_bytes(), &mut engine, &mut stack, dir).is_ok());
+
+    let mut completer = NuCompleter::new(std::sync::Arc::new(engine), stack);
+
+    let suggestions = completer.complete("ll t", 4);
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    let expected_paths: Vec<String> = vec!["test_a\\".to_string(), "test_b\\".to_string()];
+    #[cfg(not(windows))]
+    let expected_paths: Vec<String> = vec!["test_a/".to_string(), "test_b/".to_string()];
+
+    match_suggestions(expected_paths, suggestions)
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn alias_of_another_alias() {
+    let (dir, _, mut engine, mut stack) = new_engine();
+
+    // Create an alias
+    let alias = r#"alias ll = ls -la"#;
+    assert!(support::merge_input(alias.as_bytes(), &mut engine, &mut stack, dir.clone()).is_ok());
+    // Create the second alias
+    let alias = r#"alias lf = ll -f"#;
+    assert!(support::merge_input(alias.as_bytes(), &mut engine, &mut stack, dir).is_ok());
+
+    let mut completer = NuCompleter::new(std::sync::Arc::new(engine), stack);
+
+    let suggestions = completer.complete("lf t", 4);
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    let expected_paths: Vec<String> = vec!["test_a\\".to_string(), "test_b\\".to_string()];
+    #[cfg(not(windows))]
+    let expected_paths: Vec<String> = vec!["test_a/".to_string(), "test_b/".to_string()];
+
+    match_suggestions(expected_paths, suggestions)
+}

crates/nu-cli/tests/custom_completions.rs

@@ -2,10 +2,24 @@ pub mod support;
 
 use nu_cli::NuCompleter;
 use reedline::Completer;
+use rstest::{fixture, rstest};
 use support::{match_suggestions, new_engine};
 
-#[test]
-fn variables_completions() {
+#[fixture]
+fn completer() -> NuCompleter {
+    // Create a new engine
+    let (dir, _, mut engine, mut stack) = new_engine();
+
+    // Add record value as example
+    let record = "def tst [--mod -s] {}";
+    assert!(support::merge_input(record.as_bytes(), &mut engine, &mut stack, dir).is_ok());
+
+    // Instantiate a new completer
+    NuCompleter::new(std::sync::Arc::new(engine), stack)
+}
+
+#[fixture]
+fn completer_strings() -> NuCompleter {
     // Create a new engine
     let (dir, _, mut engine, mut stack) = new_engine();
 
@@ -14,16 +28,42 @@ fn variables_completions() {
     def my-command [animal: string@animals] { print $animal }"#;
     assert!(support::merge_input(record.as_bytes(), &mut engine, &mut stack, dir).is_ok());
 
-    // Instatiate a new completer
-    let mut completer = NuCompleter::new(std::sync::Arc::new(engine), stack);
+    // Instantiate a new completer
+    NuCompleter::new(std::sync::Arc::new(engine), stack)
+}
 
-    // Test completions for $nu
-    let suggestions = completer.complete("my-command ", 11);
-
-    assert_eq!(3, suggestions.len());
-
-    let expected: Vec<String> = vec!["cat".into(), "dog".into(), "eel".into()];
-
-    // Match results
+#[rstest]
+fn variables_completions_double_dash_argument(mut completer: NuCompleter) {
+    let suggestions = completer.complete("tst --", 6);
+    let expected: Vec<String> = vec!["--help".into(), "--mod".into()];
+    // dbg!(&expected, &suggestions);
+    match_suggestions(expected, suggestions);
+}
+
+#[rstest]
+fn variables_completions_single_dash_argument(mut completer: NuCompleter) {
+    let suggestions = completer.complete("tst -", 5);
+    let expected: Vec<String> = vec!["--help".into(), "--mod".into(), "-h".into(), "-s".into()];
+    match_suggestions(expected, suggestions);
+}
+
+#[rstest]
+fn variables_completions_command(mut completer_strings: NuCompleter) {
+    let suggestions = completer_strings.complete("my-command ", 9);
+    let expected: Vec<String> = vec!["my-command".into()];
+    match_suggestions(expected, suggestions);
+}
+
+#[rstest]
+fn variables_completions_subcommands(mut completer_strings: NuCompleter) {
+    let suggestions = completer_strings.complete("my-command ", 11);
+    let expected: Vec<String> = vec!["cat".into(), "dog".into(), "eel".into()];
+    match_suggestions(expected, suggestions);
+}
+
+#[rstest]
+fn variables_completions_subcommands_2(mut completer_strings: NuCompleter) {
+    let suggestions = completer_strings.complete("my-command ", 11);
+    let expected: Vec<String> = vec!["cat".into(), "dog".into(), "eel".into()];
     match_suggestions(expected, suggestions);
 }

crates/nu-cli/tests/file_completions.rs

@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ fn file_completions() {
     // Match the results
     match_suggestions(expected_paths, suggestions);
 
-    // Test completions for the completions/another folder
-    let target_dir = format!("cd {}", folder(dir.join("another")));
+    // Test completions for a file
+    let target_dir = format!("cp {}", folder(dir.join("another")));
     let suggestions = completer.complete(&target_dir, target_dir.len());
 
     // Create the expected values
@@ -40,3 +40,233 @@ fn file_completions() {
     // Match the results
     match_suggestions(expected_paths, suggestions);
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn command_ls_completion() {
+    let (_, _, engine, stack) = new_engine();
+
+    let mut completer = NuCompleter::new(std::sync::Arc::new(engine), stack);
+
+    let target_dir = "ls ";
+    let suggestions = completer.complete(target_dir, target_dir.len());
+
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    let expected_paths: Vec<String> = vec![
+        "nushell".to_string(),
+        "test_a\\".to_string(),
+        "test_b\\".to_string(),
+        "another\\".to_string(),
+        "custom_completion.nu".to_string(),
+        ".hidden_file".to_string(),
+        ".hidden_folder\\".to_string(),
+    ];
+    #[cfg(not(windows))]
+    let expected_paths: Vec<String> = vec![
+        "nushell".to_string(),
+        "test_a/".to_string(),
+        "test_b/".to_string(),
+        "another/".to_string(),
+        "custom_completion.nu".to_string(),
+        ".hidden_file".to_string(),
+        ".hidden_folder/".to_string(),
+    ];
+
+    match_suggestions(expected_paths, suggestions)
+}
+#[test]
+fn command_open_completion() {
+    let (_, _, engine, stack) = new_engine();
+
+    let mut completer = NuCompleter::new(std::sync::Arc::new(engine), stack);
+
+    let target_dir = "open ";
+    let suggestions = completer.complete(target_dir, target_dir.len());
+
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    let expected_paths: Vec<String> = vec![
+        "nushell".to_string(),
+        "test_a\\".to_string(),
+        "test_b\\".to_string(),
+        "another\\".to_string(),
+        "custom_completion.nu".to_string(),
+        ".hidden_file".to_string(),
+        ".hidden_folder\\".to_string(),
+    ];
+    #[cfg(not(windows))]
+    let expected_paths: Vec<String> = vec![
+        "nushell".to_string(),
+        "test_a/".to_string(),
+        "test_b/".to_string(),
+        "another/".to_string(),
+        "custom_completion.nu".to_string(),
+        ".hidden_file".to_string(),
+        ".hidden_folder/".to_string(),
+    ];
+
+    match_suggestions(expected_paths, suggestions)
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn command_rm_completion() {
+    let (_, _, engine, stack) = new_engine();
+
+    let mut completer = NuCompleter::new(std::sync::Arc::new(engine), stack);
+
+    let target_dir = "rm ";
+    let suggestions = completer.complete(target_dir, target_dir.len());
+
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    let expected_paths: Vec<String> = vec![
+        "nushell".to_string(),
+        "test_a\\".to_string(),
+        "test_b\\".to_string(),
+        "another\\".to_string(),
+        "custom_completion.nu".to_string(),
+        ".hidden_file".to_string(),
+        ".hidden_folder\\".to_string(),
+    ];
+    #[cfg(not(windows))]
+    let expected_paths: Vec<String> = vec![
+        "nushell".to_string(),
+        "test_a/".to_string(),
+        "test_b/".to_string(),
+        "another/".to_string(),
+        "custom_completion.nu".to_string(),
+        ".hidden_file".to_string(),
+        ".hidden_folder/".to_string(),
+    ];
+
+    match_suggestions(expected_paths, suggestions)
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn command_cp_completion() {
+    let (_, _, engine, stack) = new_engine();
+
+    let mut completer = NuCompleter::new(std::sync::Arc::new(engine), stack);
+
+    let target_dir = "cp ";
+    let suggestions = completer.complete(target_dir, target_dir.len());
+
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    let expected_paths: Vec<String> = vec![
+        "nushell".to_string(),
+        "test_a\\".to_string(),
+        "test_b\\".to_string(),
+        "another\\".to_string(),
+        "custom_completion.nu".to_string(),
+        ".hidden_file".to_string(),
+        ".hidden_folder\\".to_string(),
+    ];
+    #[cfg(not(windows))]
+    let expected_paths: Vec<String> = vec![
+        "nushell".to_string(),
+        "test_a/".to_string(),
+        "test_b/".to_string(),
+        "another/".to_string(),
+        "custom_completion.nu".to_string(),
+        ".hidden_file".to_string(),
+        ".hidden_folder/".to_string(),
+    ];
+
+    match_suggestions(expected_paths, suggestions)
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn command_save_completion() {
+    let (_, _, engine, stack) = new_engine();
+
+    let mut completer = NuCompleter::new(std::sync::Arc::new(engine), stack);
+
+    let target_dir = "save ";
+    let suggestions = completer.complete(target_dir, target_dir.len());
+
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    let expected_paths: Vec<String> = vec![
+        "nushell".to_string(),
+        "test_a\\".to_string(),
+        "test_b\\".to_string(),
+        "another\\".to_string(),
+        "custom_completion.nu".to_string(),
+        ".hidden_file".to_string(),
+        ".hidden_folder\\".to_string(),
+    ];
+    #[cfg(not(windows))]
+    let expected_paths: Vec<String> = vec![
+        "nushell".to_string(),
+        "test_a/".to_string(),
+        "test_b/".to_string(),
+        "another/".to_string(),
+        "custom_completion.nu".to_string(),
+        ".hidden_file".to_string(),
+        ".hidden_folder/".to_string(),
+    ];
+
+    match_suggestions(expected_paths, suggestions)
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn command_touch_completion() {
+    let (_, _, engine, stack) = new_engine();
+
+    let mut completer = NuCompleter::new(std::sync::Arc::new(engine), stack);
+
+    let target_dir = "touch ";
+    let suggestions = completer.complete(target_dir, target_dir.len());
+
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    let expected_paths: Vec<String> = vec![
+        "nushell".to_string(),
+        "test_a\\".to_string(),
+        "test_b\\".to_string(),
+        "another\\".to_string(),
+        "custom_completion.nu".to_string(),
+        ".hidden_file".to_string(),
+        ".hidden_folder\\".to_string(),
+    ];
+    #[cfg(not(windows))]
+    let expected_paths: Vec<String> = vec![
+        "nushell".to_string(),
+        "test_a/".to_string(),
+        "test_b/".to_string(),
+        "another/".to_string(),
+        "custom_completion.nu".to_string(),
+        ".hidden_file".to_string(),
+        ".hidden_folder/".to_string(),
+    ];
+
+    match_suggestions(expected_paths, suggestions)
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn command_watch_completion() {
+    let (_, _, engine, stack) = new_engine();
+
+    let mut completer = NuCompleter::new(std::sync::Arc::new(engine), stack);
+
+    let target_dir = "watch ";
+    let suggestions = completer.complete(target_dir, target_dir.len());
+
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    let expected_paths: Vec<String> = vec![
+        "nushell".to_string(),
+        "test_a\\".to_string(),
+        "test_b\\".to_string(),
+        "another\\".to_string(),
+        "custom_completion.nu".to_string(),
+        ".hidden_file".to_string(),
+        ".hidden_folder\\".to_string(),
+    ];
+    #[cfg(not(windows))]
+    let expected_paths: Vec<String> = vec![
+        "nushell".to_string(),
+        "test_a/".to_string(),
+        "test_b/".to_string(),
+        "another/".to_string(),
+        "custom_completion.nu".to_string(),
+        ".hidden_file".to_string(),
+        ".hidden_folder/".to_string(),
+    ];
+
+    match_suggestions(expected_paths, suggestions)
+}

crates/nu-cli/tests/flag_completions.rs

@@ -14,15 +14,17 @@ fn flag_completions() {
     // Test completions for the 'ls' flags
     let suggestions = completer.complete("ls -", 4);
 
-    assert_eq!(12, suggestions.len());
+    assert_eq!(14, suggestions.len());
 
     let expected: Vec<String> = vec![
         "--all".into(),
+        "--directory".into(),
         "--du".into(),
         "--full-paths".into(),
         "--help".into(),
         "--long".into(),
         "--short-names".into(),
+        "-D".into(),
         "-a".into(),
         "-d".into(),
         "-f".into(),

crates/nu-cli/tests/support/completions_helpers.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use nu_command::create_default_context;
 use nu_engine::eval_block;
 use nu_parser::parse;
 use nu_protocol::{
-    engine::{EngineState, Stack, StateDelta, StateWorkingSet},
+    engine::{EngineState, Stack, StateWorkingSet},
     PipelineData, ShellError, Span, Value,
 };
 use nu_test_support::fs;
@@ -23,14 +23,11 @@ pub fn new_engine() -> (PathBuf, String, EngineState, Stack) {
     dir_str.push(SEP);
 
     // Create a new engine with default context
-    let mut engine_state = create_default_context(&dir);
+    let mut engine_state = create_default_context();
 
     // New stack
     let mut stack = Stack::new();
 
-    // New delta state
-    let delta = StateDelta::new(&engine_state);
-
     // Add pwd as env var
     stack.add_env_var(
         "PWD".to_string(),
@@ -53,8 +50,8 @@ pub fn new_engine() -> (PathBuf, String, EngineState, Stack) {
         },
     );
 
-    // Merge delta
-    let merge_result = engine_state.merge_delta(delta, Some(&mut stack), &dir);
+    // Merge environment into the permanent state
+    let merge_result = engine_state.merge_env(&mut stack, &dir);
     assert!(merge_result.is_ok());
 
     (dir, dir_str, engine_state, stack)
@@ -62,6 +59,15 @@ pub fn new_engine() -> (PathBuf, String, EngineState, Stack) {
 
 // match a list of suggestions with the expected values
 pub fn match_suggestions(expected: Vec<String>, suggestions: Vec<Suggestion>) {
+    let expected_len = expected.len();
+    let suggestions_len = suggestions.len();
+    if expected_len != suggestions_len {
+        panic!(
+            "\nexpected {expected_len} suggestions but got {suggestions_len}: \n\
+            Suggestions: {suggestions:#?} \n\
+            Expected: {expected:#?}\n"
+        )
+    }
     expected.iter().zip(suggestions).for_each(|it| {
         assert_eq!(it.0, &it.1.value);
     });
@@ -97,6 +103,11 @@ pub fn merge_input(
 
         (block, working_set.render())
     };
+
+    if let Err(err) = engine_state.merge_delta(delta) {
+        return Err(err);
+    }
+
     assert!(eval_block(
         engine_state,
         stack,
@@ -112,6 +123,6 @@ pub fn merge_input(
     )
     .is_ok());
 
-    // Merge delta
-    engine_state.merge_delta(delta, Some(stack), &dir)
+    // Merge environment into the permanent state
+    engine_state.merge_env(stack, &dir)
 }

crates/nu-color-config/Cargo.toml

@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ description = "Color configuration code used by Nushell"
 edition = "2021"
 license = "MIT"
 name = "nu-color-config"
-version = "0.64.0"
+version = "0.66.2"
 
 [dependencies]
-nu-protocol = { path = "../nu-protocol", version = "0.64.0"  }
+nu-protocol = { path = "../nu-protocol", version = "0.66.2"  }
 nu-ansi-term = "0.46.0"
-nu-json = { path = "../nu-json", version = "0.64.0"  }
-nu-table = { path = "../nu-table", version = "0.64.0"  }
+nu-json = { path = "../nu-json", version = "0.66.2"  }
+nu-table = { path = "../nu-table", version = "0.66.2"  }
 serde = { version="1.0.123", features=["derive"] }

crates/nu-command/Cargo.toml

@@ -4,30 +4,31 @@ description = "Nushell's built-in commands"
 edition = "2021"
 license = "MIT"
 name = "nu-command"
-version = "0.64.0"
+version = "0.66.3"
 build = "build.rs"
 
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
 
 [dependencies]
-nu-color-config = { path = "../nu-color-config", version = "0.64.0"  }
-nu-engine = { path = "../nu-engine", version = "0.64.0"  }
-nu-glob = { path = "../nu-glob", version = "0.64.0" }
-nu-json = { path = "../nu-json", version = "0.64.0"  }
-nu-parser = { path = "../nu-parser", version = "0.64.0"  }
-nu-path = { path = "../nu-path", version = "0.64.0"  }
-nu-pretty-hex = { path = "../nu-pretty-hex", version = "0.64.0"  }
-nu-protocol = { path = "../nu-protocol", version = "0.64.0"  }
-nu-system = { path = "../nu-system", version = "0.64.0"  }
-nu-table = { path = "../nu-table", version = "0.64.0"  }
-nu-term-grid = { path = "../nu-term-grid", version = "0.64.0"  }
-nu-test-support = { path = "../nu-test-support", version = "0.64.0"  }
-nu-utils = { path = "../nu-utils", version = "0.64.0" }
+nu-color-config = { path = "../nu-color-config", version = "0.66.2"  }
+nu-engine = { path = "../nu-engine", version = "0.66.2"  }
+nu-glob = { path = "../nu-glob", version = "0.66.2" }
+nu-json = { path = "../nu-json", version = "0.66.2"  }
+nu-parser = { path = "../nu-parser", version = "0.66.2"  }
+nu-path = { path = "../nu-path", version = "0.66.2"  }
+nu-pretty-hex = { path = "../nu-pretty-hex", version = "0.66.2"  }
+nu-protocol = { path = "../nu-protocol", version = "0.66.2"  }
+nu-system = { path = "../nu-system", version = "0.66.2"  }
+nu-table = { path = "../nu-table", version = "0.66.2"  }
+nu-term-grid = { path = "../nu-term-grid", version = "0.66.2"  }
+nu-test-support = { path = "../nu-test-support", version = "0.66.2"  }
+nu-utils = { path = "../nu-utils", version = "0.66.2" }
 nu-ansi-term = "0.46.0"
 
 # Potential dependencies for extras
 alphanumeric-sort = "1.4.4"
 base64 = "0.13.0"
+byteorder = "1.4.3"
 bytesize = "1.1.0"
 calamine = "0.18.0"
 chrono = { version = "0.4.19", features = ["serde"] }
@@ -51,15 +52,15 @@ is-root = "0.1.2"
 itertools = "0.10.0"
 lazy_static = "1.4.0"
 log = "0.4.14"
-lscolors = { version = "0.9.0", features = ["crossterm"]}
+lscolors = { version = "0.10.0", features = ["crossterm"]}
 md5 = { package = "md-5", version = "0.10.0" }
 meval = "0.2.0"
 mime = "0.3.16"
 notify = "4.0.17"
 num = { version = "0.4.0", optional = true }
 pathdiff = "0.2.1"
-powierza-coefficient = "1.0"
-quick-xml = "0.22"
+powierza-coefficient = "1.0.1"
+quick-xml = "0.23.0"
 rand = "0.8"
 rayon = "1.5.1"
 regex = "1.5.4"
@@ -72,20 +73,20 @@ serde_urlencoded = "0.7.0"
 serde_yaml = "0.8.16"
 sha2 = "0.10.0"
 # Disable default features b/c the default features build Git (very slow to compile)
-shadow-rs = { version = "0.11.0", default-features = false }
+shadow-rs = { version = "0.16.1", default-features = false }
 strip-ansi-escapes = "0.1.1"
-sysinfo = "0.23.5"
-terminal_size = "0.1.17"
-thiserror = "1.0.29"
-titlecase = "1.1.0"
+sysinfo = "0.24.6"
+terminal_size = "0.2.1"
+thiserror = "1.0.31"
+titlecase = "2.0.0"
 toml = "0.5.8"
 unicode-segmentation = "1.8.0"
 url = "2.2.1"
-uuid = { version = "0.8.2", features = ["v4"] }
+uuid = { version = "1.1.2", features = ["v4"] }
 which = { version = "4.2.2", optional = true }
-reedline = { version = "0.7.0", features = ["bashisms", "sqlite"]}
-wax = { version =  "0.4.0", features = ["diagnostics"] }
-rusqlite = { version = "0.27.0", features = ["bundled"], optional = true }
+reedline = { version = "0.9.0", features = ["bashisms", "sqlite"]}
+wax = { version =  "0.5.0", features = ["diagnostics"] }
+rusqlite = { version = "0.28.0", features = ["bundled"], optional = true }
 sqlparser = { version = "0.16.0", features = ["serde"], optional = true }
 
 [target.'cfg(unix)'.dependencies]
@@ -97,15 +98,15 @@ version = "2.1.3"
 optional = true
 
 [dependencies.polars]
-version = "0.21.1"
+version = "0.22.8"
 # path = "../../../../polars/polars"
 optional = true
 features = [
 	"default", "to_dummies", "parquet", "json", "serde", "serde-lazy",
 	"object", "checked_arithmetic", "strings", "cum_agg", "is_in",
 	"rolling_window", "strings", "rows", "random",
-  "dtype-datetime", "dtype-struct", "lazy", "cross_join",
-	"dynamic_groupby"
+    "dtype-datetime", "dtype-struct", "lazy", "cross_join",
+	"dynamic_groupby", "dtype-categorical", "concat_str"
 ]
 
 [target.'cfg(windows)'.dependencies.windows]
@@ -125,10 +126,11 @@ dataframe = ["polars", "num"]
 database = ["sqlparser", "rusqlite"]
 
 [build-dependencies]
-shadow-rs = { version = "0.11.0", default-features = false }
+shadow-rs = { version = "0.16.1", default-features = false }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 hamcrest2 = "0.3.0"
 dirs-next = "2.0.0"
 quickcheck = "1.0.3"
 quickcheck_macros = "1.0.0"
+rstest = "0.15.0"

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/add.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+use super::{operate, BytesArgument};
+use nu_engine::CallExt;
+use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
+use nu_protocol::ast::CellPath;
+use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
+use nu_protocol::Category;
+use nu_protocol::{Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Value};
+
+struct Arguments {
+    added_data: Vec<u8>,
+    index: Option<usize>,
+    end: bool,
+    column_paths: Option<Vec<CellPath>>,
+}
+
+impl BytesArgument for Arguments {
+    fn take_column_paths(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<CellPath>> {
+        self.column_paths.take()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+
+pub struct BytesAdd;
+
+impl Command for BytesAdd {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "bytes add"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build("bytes add")
+            .required("data", SyntaxShape::Binary, "the binary to add")
+            .named(
+                "index",
+                SyntaxShape::Int,
+                "index to insert binary data",
+                Some('i'),
+            )
+            .switch("end", "add to the end of binary", Some('e'))
+            .rest(
+                "rest",
+                SyntaxShape::CellPath,
+                "optionally matches prefix of text by column paths",
+            )
+            .category(Category::Bytes)
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "add specified bytes to the input"
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["append", "truncate", "padding"]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
+        let added_data: Vec<u8> = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        let column_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 1)?;
+        let column_paths = if column_paths.is_empty() {
+            None
+        } else {
+            Some(column_paths)
+        };
+        let index: Option<usize> = call.get_flag(engine_state, stack, "index")?;
+        let end = call.has_flag("end");
+
+        let arg = Arguments {
+            added_data,
+            index,
+            end,
+            column_paths,
+        };
+        operate(add, arg, input, call.head, engine_state.ctrlc.clone())
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![
+            Example {
+                description: "Add bytes `0x[AA]` to `0x[1F FF AA AA]`",
+                example: "0x[1F FF AA AA] | bytes add 0x[AA]",
+                result: Some(Value::Binary {
+                    val: vec![0xAA, 0x1F, 0xFF, 0xAA, 0xAA],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Add bytes `0x[AA BB]` to `0x[1F FF AA AA]` at index 1",
+                example: "0x[1F FF AA AA] | bytes add 0x[AA BB] -i 1",
+                result: Some(Value::Binary {
+                    val: vec![0x1F, 0xAA, 0xBB, 0xFF, 0xAA, 0xAA],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Add bytes `0x[11]` to `0x[FF AA AA]` at the end",
+                example: "0x[FF AA AA] | bytes add 0x[11] -e",
+                result: Some(Value::Binary {
+                    val: vec![0xFF, 0xAA, 0xAA, 0x11],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Add bytes `0x[11 22 33]` to `0x[FF AA AA]` at the end, at index 1(the index is start from end)",
+                example: "0x[FF AA BB] | bytes add 0x[11 22 33] -e -i 1",
+                result: Some(Value::Binary {
+                    val: vec![0xFF, 0xAA, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0xBB],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+        ]
+    }
+}
+
+fn add(input: &[u8], args: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
+    match args.index {
+        None => {
+            if args.end {
+                let mut added_data = args.added_data.clone();
+                let mut result = input.to_vec();
+                result.append(&mut added_data);
+                Value::Binary { val: result, span }
+            } else {
+                let mut result = args.added_data.clone();
+                let mut input = input.to_vec();
+                result.append(&mut input);
+                Value::Binary { val: result, span }
+            }
+        }
+        Some(mut indx) => {
+            let inserted_index = if args.end {
+                input.len().saturating_sub(indx)
+            } else {
+                if indx > input.len() {
+                    indx = input.len()
+                }
+                indx
+            };
+            let mut result = vec![];
+            let mut prev_data = input[..inserted_index].to_vec();
+            result.append(&mut prev_data);
+            let mut added_data = args.added_data.clone();
+            result.append(&mut added_data);
+            let mut after_data = input[inserted_index..].to_vec();
+            result.append(&mut after_data);
+            Value::Binary { val: result, span }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        use crate::test_examples;
+
+        test_examples(BytesAdd {})
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/at.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+use super::{operate, BytesArgument};
+use nu_engine::CallExt;
+use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
+use nu_protocol::ast::CellPath;
+use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
+use nu_protocol::{
+    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Value,
+};
+use std::cmp::Ordering;
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct BytesAt;
+
+struct Arguments {
+    start: isize,
+    end: isize,
+    arg_span: Span,
+    column_paths: Option<Vec<CellPath>>,
+}
+
+impl BytesArgument for Arguments {
+    fn take_column_paths(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<CellPath>> {
+        self.column_paths.take()
+    }
+}
+
+/// ensure given `range` is valid, and returns [start, end, val_span] pair.
+fn parse_range(range: Value, head: Span) -> Result<(isize, isize, Span), ShellError> {
+    let (start, end, span) = match range {
+        Value::List { mut vals, span } => {
+            if vals.len() != 2 {
+                return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                    "More than two indices given".to_string(),
+                    span,
+                ));
+            } else {
+                let end = vals.pop().expect("Already check has size 2");
+                let end = match end {
+                    Value::Int { val, .. } => val.to_string(),
+                    Value::String { val, .. } => val,
+                    other => {
+                        return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                            "could not perform subbytes. Expecting a string or int".to_string(),
+                            other.span().unwrap_or(head),
+                        ))
+                    }
+                };
+                let start = vals.pop().expect("Already check has size 1");
+                let start = match start {
+                    Value::Int { val, .. } => val.to_string(),
+                    Value::String { val, .. } => val,
+                    other => {
+                        return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                            "could not perform subbytes. Expecting a string or int".to_string(),
+                            other.span().unwrap_or(head),
+                        ))
+                    }
+                };
+                (start, end, span)
+            }
+        }
+        Value::String { val, span } => {
+            let splitted_result = val.split_once(',');
+            match splitted_result {
+                Some((start, end)) => (start.to_string(), end.to_string(), span),
+                None => {
+                    return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                        "could not perform subbytes".to_string(),
+                        span,
+                    ))
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        other => {
+            return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                "could not perform subbytes".to_string(),
+                other.span().unwrap_or(head),
+            ))
+        }
+    };
+
+    let start: isize = if start.is_empty() || start == "_" {
+        0
+    } else {
+        match start.trim().parse() {
+            Ok(s) => s,
+            Err(_) => {
+                return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                    "could not perform subbytes".to_string(),
+                    span,
+                ))
+            }
+        }
+    };
+    let end: isize = if end.is_empty() || end == "_" {
+        isize::max_value()
+    } else {
+        match end.trim().parse() {
+            Ok(s) => s,
+            Err(_) => {
+                return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                    "could not perform subbytes".to_string(),
+                    span,
+                ))
+            }
+        }
+    };
+    Ok((start, end, span))
+}
+
+impl Command for BytesAt {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "bytes at"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build("bytes at")
+            .required("range", SyntaxShape::Any, "the indexes to get bytes")
+            .rest(
+                "rest",
+                SyntaxShape::CellPath,
+                "optionally get bytes by column paths",
+            )
+            .category(Category::Bytes)
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Get bytes defined by a range. Note that the start is included but the end is excluded, and that the first byte is index 0."
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["slice"]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
+        let range: Value = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        let (start, end, arg_span) = parse_range(range, call.head)?;
+        let column_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 1)?;
+        let column_paths = if column_paths.is_empty() {
+            None
+        } else {
+            Some(column_paths)
+        };
+        let arg = Arguments {
+            start,
+            end,
+            arg_span,
+            column_paths,
+        };
+        operate(at, arg, input, call.head, engine_state.ctrlc.clone())
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![
+            Example {
+                description: "Get a subbytes `0x[10 01]` from the bytes `0x[33 44 55 10 01 13]`",
+                example: " 0x[33 44 55 10 01 13] | bytes at [3 4]",
+                result: Some(Value::Binary {
+                    val: vec![0x10],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Alternatively, you can use the form",
+                example: " 0x[33 44 55 10 01 13] | bytes at '3,4'",
+                result: Some(Value::Binary {
+                    val: vec![0x10],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Drop the last `n` characters from the string",
+                example: " 0x[33 44 55 10 01 13] | bytes at ',-3'",
+                result: Some(Value::Binary {
+                    val: vec![0x33, 0x44, 0x55],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Get the remaining characters from a starting index",
+                example: " 0x[33 44 55 10 01 13] | bytes at '3,'",
+                result: Some(Value::Binary {
+                    val: vec![0x10, 0x01, 0x13],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Get the characters from the beginning until ending index",
+                example: " 0x[33 44 55 10 01 13] | bytes at ',4'",
+                result: Some(Value::Binary {
+                    val: vec![0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x10],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description:
+                    "Or the characters from the beginning until ending index inside a table",
+                example: r#" [[ColA ColB ColC]; [0x[11 12 13] 0x[14 15 16] 0x[17 18 19]]] | bytes at "1," ColB ColC"#,
+                result: Some(Value::List {
+                    vals: vec![Value::Record {
+                        cols: vec!["ColA".to_string(), "ColB".to_string(), "ColC".to_string()],
+                        vals: vec![
+                            Value::Binary {
+                                val: vec![0x11, 0x12, 0x13],
+                                span: Span::test_data(),
+                            },
+                            Value::Binary {
+                                val: vec![0x15, 0x16],
+                                span: Span::test_data(),
+                            },
+                            Value::Binary {
+                                val: vec![0x18, 0x19],
+                                span: Span::test_data(),
+                            },
+                        ],
+                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                    }],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+        ]
+    }
+}
+
+fn at(input: &[u8], arg: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
+    let len: isize = input.len() as isize;
+
+    let start: isize = if arg.start < 0 {
+        arg.start + len
+    } else {
+        arg.start
+    };
+    let end: isize = if arg.end < 0 {
+        std::cmp::max(len + arg.end, 0)
+    } else {
+        arg.end
+    };
+
+    if start < len && end >= 0 {
+        match start.cmp(&end) {
+            Ordering::Equal => Value::Binary { val: vec![], span },
+            Ordering::Greater => Value::Error {
+                error: ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                    "End must be greater than or equal to Start".to_string(),
+                    arg.arg_span,
+                ),
+            },
+            Ordering::Less => Value::Binary {
+                val: {
+                    let input_iter = input.iter().copied().skip(start as usize);
+                    if end == isize::max_value() {
+                        input_iter.collect()
+                    } else {
+                        input_iter.take((end - start) as usize).collect()
+                    }
+                },
+                span,
+            },
+        }
+    } else {
+        Value::Binary { val: vec![], span }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        use crate::test_examples;
+
+        test_examples(BytesAt {})
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/build_.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+use nu_engine::eval_expression;
+use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
+use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
+use nu_protocol::{
+    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape,
+    Value,
+};
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct BytesBuild;
+
+impl Command for BytesBuild {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "bytes build"
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Create bytes from the arguments."
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["concatenate", "join"]
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> nu_protocol::Signature {
+        Signature::build("bytes build")
+            .rest("rest", SyntaxShape::Any, "list of bytes")
+            .category(Category::Bytes)
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![Example {
+            example: "bytes build 0x[01 02] 0x[03] 0x[04]",
+            description: "Builds binary data from 0x[01 02], 0x[03], 0x[04]",
+            result: Some(Value::Binary {
+                val: vec![0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04],
+                span: Span::test_data(),
+            }),
+        }]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        _input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
+        let mut output = vec![];
+        for expr in call.positional_iter() {
+            let val = eval_expression(engine_state, stack, expr)?;
+            match val {
+                Value::Binary { mut val, .. } => output.append(&mut val),
+                other => {
+                    return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                        "only support expression which yields to binary data".to_string(),
+                        other.span().unwrap_or(call.head),
+                    ))
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(Value::Binary {
+            val: output,
+            span: call.head,
+        }
+        .into_pipeline_data())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        use crate::test_examples;
+
+        test_examples(BytesBuild {})
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/bytes_.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+use nu_engine::get_full_help;
+use nu_protocol::{
+    ast::Call,
+    engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
+    Category, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, Signature, Value,
+};
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct Bytes;
+
+impl Command for Bytes {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "bytes"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build("bytes").category(Category::Bytes)
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Various commands for working with byte data"
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        _input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
+        Ok(Value::String {
+            val: get_full_help(&Bytes.signature(), &Bytes.examples(), engine_state, stack),
+            span: call.head,
+        }
+        .into_pipeline_data())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use crate::Bytes;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        use crate::test_examples;
+
+        test_examples(Bytes {})
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/collect.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+use nu_engine::CallExt;
+use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
+use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
+use nu_protocol::{
+    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape,
+    Value,
+};
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct BytesCollect;
+
+impl Command for BytesCollect {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "bytes collect"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build("bytes collect")
+            .optional(
+                "separator",
+                SyntaxShape::Binary,
+                "optional separator to use when creating binary",
+            )
+            .category(Category::Bytes)
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Concatenate multiple binary into a single binary, with an optional separator between each"
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["join", "concatenate"]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
+        let separator: Option<Vec<u8>> = call.opt(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        // input should be a list of binary data.
+        let mut output_binary = vec![];
+        for value in input {
+            match value {
+                Value::Binary { mut val, .. } => {
+                    output_binary.append(&mut val);
+                    // manually concat
+                    // TODO: make use of std::slice::Join when it's available in stable.
+                    if let Some(sep) = &separator {
+                        let mut work_sep = sep.clone();
+                        output_binary.append(&mut work_sep)
+                    }
+                }
+                other => {
+                    return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                        format!(
+                            "The element type is {}, this command only works with bytes.",
+                            other.get_type()
+                        ),
+                        other.span().unwrap_or(call.head),
+                    ))
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        match separator {
+            None => Ok(Value::Binary {
+                val: output_binary,
+                span: call.head,
+            }
+            .into_pipeline_data()),
+            Some(sep) => {
+                if output_binary.is_empty() {
+                    Ok(Value::Binary {
+                        val: output_binary,
+                        span: call.head,
+                    }
+                    .into_pipeline_data())
+                } else {
+                    // have push one extra separator in previous step, pop them out.
+                    for _ in sep {
+                        let _ = output_binary.pop();
+                    }
+                    Ok(Value::Binary {
+                        val: output_binary,
+                        span: call.head,
+                    }
+                    .into_pipeline_data())
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![
+            Example {
+                description: "Create a byte array from input",
+                example: "[0x[11] 0x[13 15]] | bytes collect",
+                result: Some(Value::Binary {
+                    val: vec![0x11, 0x13, 0x15],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Create a byte array from input with a separator",
+                example: "[0x[11] 0x[33] 0x[44]] | bytes collect 0x[01]",
+                result: Some(Value::Binary {
+                    val: vec![0x11, 0x01, 0x33, 0x01, 0x44],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+        ]
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        use crate::test_examples;
+
+        test_examples(BytesCollect {})
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/ends_with.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+use super::{operate, BytesArgument};
+use nu_engine::CallExt;
+use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
+use nu_protocol::ast::CellPath;
+use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
+use nu_protocol::Category;
+use nu_protocol::{Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Value};
+
+struct Arguments {
+    pattern: Vec<u8>,
+    column_paths: Option<Vec<CellPath>>,
+}
+
+impl BytesArgument for Arguments {
+    fn take_column_paths(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<CellPath>> {
+        self.column_paths.take()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+
+pub struct BytesEndsWith;
+
+impl Command for BytesEndsWith {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "bytes ends-with"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build("bytes ends-with")
+            .required("pattern", SyntaxShape::Binary, "the pattern to match")
+            .rest(
+                "rest",
+                SyntaxShape::CellPath,
+                "optionally matches prefix of text by column paths",
+            )
+            .category(Category::Bytes)
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Check if bytes ends with a pattern"
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["pattern", "match", "find", "search"]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
+        let pattern: Vec<u8> = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        let column_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 1)?;
+        let column_paths = if column_paths.is_empty() {
+            None
+        } else {
+            Some(column_paths)
+        };
+        let arg = Arguments {
+            pattern,
+            column_paths,
+        };
+        operate(ends_with, arg, input, call.head, engine_state.ctrlc.clone())
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![
+            Example {
+                description: "Checks if binary ends with `0x[AA]`",
+                example: "0x[1F FF AA AA] | bytes ends-with 0x[AA]",
+                result: Some(Value::Bool {
+                    val: true,
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Checks if binary ends with `0x[FF AA AA]`",
+                example: "0x[1F FF AA AA] | bytes ends-with 0x[FF AA AA]",
+                result: Some(Value::Bool {
+                    val: true,
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Checks if binary ends with `0x[11]`",
+                example: "0x[1F FF AA AA] | bytes ends-with 0x[11]",
+                result: Some(Value::Bool {
+                    val: false,
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+        ]
+    }
+}
+
+fn ends_with(input: &[u8], Arguments { pattern, .. }: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
+    Value::Bool {
+        val: input.ends_with(pattern),
+        span,
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        use crate::test_examples;
+
+        test_examples(BytesEndsWith {})
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/index_of.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+use super::{operate, BytesArgument};
+use nu_engine::CallExt;
+use nu_protocol::ast::{Call, CellPath};
+use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
+use nu_protocol::{
+    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Value,
+};
+
+struct Arguments {
+    pattern: Vec<u8>,
+    end: bool,
+    all: bool,
+    column_paths: Option<Vec<CellPath>>,
+}
+
+impl BytesArgument for Arguments {
+    fn take_column_paths(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<CellPath>> {
+        self.column_paths.take()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct BytesIndexOf;
+
+impl Command for BytesIndexOf {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "bytes index-of"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build("bytes index-of")
+            .required(
+                "pattern",
+                SyntaxShape::Binary,
+                "the pattern to find index of",
+            )
+            .rest(
+                "rest",
+                SyntaxShape::CellPath,
+                "optionally returns index of pattern in string by column paths",
+            )
+            .switch("all", "returns all matched index", Some('a'))
+            .switch("end", "search from the end of the binary", Some('e'))
+            .category(Category::Bytes)
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Returns start index of first occurrence of pattern in bytes, or -1 if no match"
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["pattern", "match", "find", "search", "index"]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
+        let pattern: Vec<u8> = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        let column_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 1)?;
+        let column_paths = if column_paths.is_empty() {
+            None
+        } else {
+            Some(column_paths)
+        };
+        let arg = Arguments {
+            pattern,
+            end: call.has_flag("end"),
+            all: call.has_flag("all"),
+            column_paths,
+        };
+        operate(index_of, arg, input, call.head, engine_state.ctrlc.clone())
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![
+            Example {
+                description: "Returns index of pattern in bytes",
+                example: " 0x[33 44 55 10 01 13 44 55] | bytes index-of 0x[44 55]",
+                result: Some(Value::test_int(1)),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Returns index of pattern, search from end",
+                example: " 0x[33 44 55 10 01 13 44 55] | bytes index-of -e 0x[44 55]",
+                result: Some(Value::test_int(6)),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Returns all matched index",
+                example: " 0x[33 44 55 10 01 33 44 33 44] | bytes index-of -a 0x[33 44]",
+                result: Some(Value::List {
+                    vals: vec![Value::test_int(0), Value::test_int(5), Value::test_int(7)],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Returns all matched index, searching from end",
+                example: " 0x[33 44 55 10 01 33 44 33 44] | bytes index-of -a -e 0x[33 44]",
+                result: Some(Value::List {
+                    vals: vec![Value::test_int(7), Value::test_int(5), Value::test_int(0)],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Returns index of pattern for specific column",
+                example: r#" [[ColA ColB ColC]; [0x[11 12 13] 0x[14 15 16] 0x[17 18 19]]] | bytes index-of 0x[11] ColA ColC"#,
+                result: Some(Value::List {
+                    vals: vec![Value::Record {
+                        cols: vec!["ColA".to_string(), "ColB".to_string(), "ColC".to_string()],
+                        vals: vec![
+                            Value::test_int(0),
+                            Value::Binary {
+                                val: vec![0x14, 0x15, 0x16],
+                                span: Span::test_data(),
+                            },
+                            Value::test_int(-1),
+                        ],
+                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                    }],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+        ]
+    }
+}
+
+fn index_of(input: &[u8], arg: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
+    if arg.all {
+        search_all_index(input, &arg.pattern, arg.end, span)
+    } else {
+        let mut iter = input.windows(arg.pattern.len());
+
+        if arg.end {
+            Value::Int {
+                val: iter
+                    .rev()
+                    .position(|sub_bytes| sub_bytes == arg.pattern)
+                    .map(|x| (input.len() - arg.pattern.len() - x) as i64)
+                    .unwrap_or(-1),
+                span,
+            }
+        } else {
+            Value::Int {
+                val: iter
+                    .position(|sub_bytes| sub_bytes == arg.pattern)
+                    .map(|x| x as i64)
+                    .unwrap_or(-1),
+                span,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn search_all_index(input: &[u8], pattern: &[u8], from_end: bool, span: Span) -> Value {
+    let mut result = vec![];
+    if from_end {
+        let (mut left, mut right) = (
+            input.len() as isize - pattern.len() as isize,
+            input.len() as isize,
+        );
+        while left >= 0 {
+            if &input[left as usize..right as usize] == pattern {
+                result.push(Value::Int {
+                    val: left as i64,
+                    span,
+                });
+                left -= pattern.len() as isize;
+                right -= pattern.len() as isize;
+            } else {
+                left -= 1;
+                right -= 1;
+            }
+        }
+        Value::List { vals: result, span }
+    } else {
+        // doing find stuff.
+        let (mut left, mut right) = (0, pattern.len());
+        let input_len = input.len();
+        let pattern_len = pattern.len();
+        while right <= input_len {
+            if &input[left..right] == pattern {
+                result.push(Value::Int {
+                    val: left as i64,
+                    span,
+                });
+                left += pattern_len;
+                right += pattern_len;
+            } else {
+                left += 1;
+                right += 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        Value::List { vals: result, span }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        use crate::test_examples;
+
+        test_examples(BytesIndexOf {})
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/length.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+use super::{operate, BytesArgument};
+use nu_engine::CallExt;
+use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
+use nu_protocol::ast::CellPath;
+use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
+use nu_protocol::Category;
+use nu_protocol::{Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Value};
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct BytesLen;
+
+struct Arguments {
+    column_paths: Option<Vec<CellPath>>,
+}
+
+impl BytesArgument for Arguments {
+    fn take_column_paths(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<CellPath>> {
+        self.column_paths.take()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Command for BytesLen {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "bytes length"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build("bytes length")
+            .rest(
+                "rest",
+                SyntaxShape::CellPath,
+                "optionally find length of binary by column paths",
+            )
+            .category(Category::Bytes)
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Output the length of any bytes in the pipeline"
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["len", "size", "count"]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
+        let column_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 1)?;
+        let column_paths = if column_paths.is_empty() {
+            None
+        } else {
+            Some(column_paths)
+        };
+        let arg = Arguments { column_paths };
+        operate(length, arg, input, call.head, engine_state.ctrlc.clone())
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![
+            Example {
+                description: "Return the lengths of multiple strings",
+                example: "0x[1F FF AA AB] | bytes length",
+                result: Some(Value::test_int(4)),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Return the lengths of multiple strings",
+                example: "[0x[1F FF AA AB] 0x[1F]] | bytes length",
+                result: Some(Value::List {
+                    vals: vec![Value::test_int(4), Value::test_int(1)],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+        ]
+    }
+}
+
+fn length(input: &[u8], _arg: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
+    Value::Int {
+        val: input.len() as i64,
+        span,
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        use crate::test_examples;
+
+        test_examples(BytesLen {})
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+mod add;
+mod at;
+mod build_;
+mod bytes_;
+mod collect;
+mod ends_with;
+mod index_of;
+mod length;
+mod remove;
+mod replace;
+mod reverse;
+mod starts_with;
+
+use nu_protocol::ast::CellPath;
+use nu_protocol::{PipelineData, ShellError, Span, Value};
+use std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+pub use add::BytesAdd;
+pub use at::BytesAt;
+pub use build_::BytesBuild;
+pub use bytes_::Bytes;
+pub use collect::BytesCollect;
+pub use ends_with::BytesEndsWith;
+pub use index_of::BytesIndexOf;
+pub use length::BytesLen;
+pub use remove::BytesRemove;
+pub use replace::BytesReplace;
+pub use reverse::BytesReverse;
+pub use starts_with::BytesStartsWith;
+
+trait BytesArgument {
+    fn take_column_paths(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<CellPath>>;
+}
+
+/// map input pipeline data, for each elements, if it's Binary, invoke relative `cmd` with `arg`.
+fn operate<C, A>(
+    cmd: C,
+    mut arg: A,
+    input: PipelineData,
+    span: Span,
+    ctrlc: Option<Arc<AtomicBool>>,
+) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError>
+where
+    A: BytesArgument + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    C: Fn(&[u8], &A, Span) -> Value + Send + Sync + 'static + Clone + Copy,
+{
+    match arg.take_column_paths() {
+        None => input.map(
+            move |v| match v {
+                Value::Binary {
+                    val,
+                    span: val_span,
+                } => cmd(&val, &arg, val_span),
+                other => Value::Error {
+                    error: ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                        format!(
+                            "Input's type is {}. This command only works with bytes.",
+                            other.get_type()
+                        ),
+                        span,
+                    ),
+                },
+            },
+            ctrlc,
+        ),
+        Some(column_paths) => {
+            let arg = Arc::new(arg);
+            input.map(
+                move |mut v| {
+                    for path in &column_paths {
+                        let opt = arg.clone();
+                        let r = v.update_cell_path(
+                            &path.members,
+                            Box::new(move |old| {
+                                match old {
+                                    Value::Binary {val, span: val_span} => cmd(val, &opt, *val_span),
+                                    other => Value::Error {
+                                    error: ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                                        format!(
+                                            "Input's type is {}. This command only works with bytes.",
+                                            other.get_type()
+                                        ),
+                                        span,
+                                 ),
+                            }}}),
+                        );
+                        if let Err(error) = r {
+                            return Value::Error { error };
+                        }
+                    }
+                    v
+                },
+                ctrlc,
+            )
+        }
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/remove.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+use super::{operate, BytesArgument};
+use nu_engine::CallExt;
+use nu_protocol::{
+    ast::{Call, CellPath},
+    engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
+    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Spanned, SyntaxShape, Value,
+};
+
+struct Arguments {
+    pattern: Vec<u8>,
+    end: bool,
+    column_paths: Option<Vec<CellPath>>,
+    all: bool,
+}
+
+impl BytesArgument for Arguments {
+    fn take_column_paths(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<CellPath>> {
+        self.column_paths.take()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct BytesRemove;
+
+impl Command for BytesRemove {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "bytes remove"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build("bytes remove")
+            .required("pattern", SyntaxShape::Binary, "the pattern to find")
+            .rest(
+                "rest",
+                SyntaxShape::CellPath,
+                "optionally remove bytes by column paths",
+            )
+            .switch("end", "remove from end of binary", Some('e'))
+            .switch("all", "remove occurrences of finding binary", Some('a'))
+            .category(Category::Bytes)
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "remove bytes"
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["search", "shift", "switch"]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
+        let column_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 1)?;
+        let column_paths = if column_paths.is_empty() {
+            None
+        } else {
+            Some(column_paths)
+        };
+        let pattern_to_remove = call.req::<Spanned<Vec<u8>>>(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        if pattern_to_remove.item.is_empty() {
+            return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                "the pattern to remove cannot be empty".to_string(),
+                pattern_to_remove.span,
+            ));
+        }
+
+        let pattern_to_remove: Vec<u8> = pattern_to_remove.item;
+        let arg = Arguments {
+            pattern: pattern_to_remove,
+            end: call.has_flag("end"),
+            column_paths,
+            all: call.has_flag("all"),
+        };
+
+        operate(remove, arg, input, call.head, engine_state.ctrlc.clone())
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![
+            Example {
+                description: "Remove contents",
+                example: "0x[10 AA FF AA FF] | bytes remove 0x[10 AA]",
+                result: Some(Value::Binary {
+                    val: vec![0xFF, 0xAA, 0xFF],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Remove all occurrences of find binary",
+                example: "0x[10 AA 10 BB 10] | bytes remove -a 0x[10]",
+                result: Some(Value::Binary {
+                    val: vec![0xAA, 0xBB],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Remove occurrences of find binary from end",
+                example: "0x[10 AA 10 BB CC AA 10] | bytes remove -e 0x[10]",
+                result: Some(Value::Binary {
+                    val: vec![0x10, 0xAA, 0x10, 0xBB, 0xCC, 0xAA],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Remove all occurrences of find binary in table",
+                example: "[[ColA ColB ColC]; [0x[11 12 13] 0x[14 15 16] 0x[17 18 19]]] | bytes remove 0x[11] ColA ColC",
+                result: Some(Value::List {
+                    vals: vec![Value::Record {
+                        cols: vec!["ColA".to_string(), "ColB".to_string(), "ColC".to_string()],
+                        vals: vec![
+                            Value::Binary {
+                                val: vec![0x12, 0x13],
+                                span: Span::test_data(),
+                            },
+                            Value::Binary {
+                                val: vec![0x14, 0x15, 0x16],
+                                span: Span::test_data(),
+                            },
+                            Value::Binary {
+                                val: vec![0x17, 0x18, 0x19],
+                                span: Span::test_data(),
+                            },
+                        ],
+                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                    }],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+        ]
+    }
+}
+
+fn remove(input: &[u8], arg: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
+    let mut result = vec![];
+    let remove_all = arg.all;
+    let input_len = input.len();
+    let pattern_len = arg.pattern.len();
+
+    // Note:
+    // remove_all from start and end will generate the same result.
+    // so we'll put `remove_all` relative logic into else clouse.
+    if arg.end && !remove_all {
+        let (mut left, mut right) = (
+            input.len() as isize - arg.pattern.len() as isize,
+            input.len() as isize,
+        );
+        while left >= 0 && input[left as usize..right as usize] != arg.pattern {
+            result.push(input[right as usize - 1]);
+            left -= 1;
+            right -= 1;
+        }
+        // append the remaining thing to result, this can be happeneed when
+        // we have something to remove and remove_all is False.
+        let mut remain = input[..left as usize].iter().copied().rev().collect();
+        result.append(&mut remain);
+        result = result.into_iter().rev().collect();
+        Value::Binary { val: result, span }
+    } else {
+        let (mut left, mut right) = (0, arg.pattern.len());
+        while right <= input_len {
+            if input[left..right] == arg.pattern {
+                left += pattern_len;
+                right += pattern_len;
+                if !remove_all {
+                    break;
+                }
+            } else {
+                result.push(input[left]);
+                left += 1;
+                right += 1;
+            }
+        }
+        // append the remaing thing to result, this can happened when
+        // we have something to remove and remove_all is False.
+        let mut remain = input[left..].to_vec();
+        result.append(&mut remain);
+        Value::Binary { val: result, span }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        use crate::test_examples;
+
+        test_examples(BytesRemove {})
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/replace.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+use super::{operate, BytesArgument};
+use nu_engine::CallExt;
+use nu_protocol::{
+    ast::{Call, CellPath},
+    engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
+    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Spanned, SyntaxShape, Value,
+};
+
+struct Arguments {
+    find: Vec<u8>,
+    replace: Vec<u8>,
+    column_paths: Option<Vec<CellPath>>,
+    all: bool,
+}
+
+impl BytesArgument for Arguments {
+    fn take_column_paths(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<CellPath>> {
+        self.column_paths.take()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct BytesReplace;
+
+impl Command for BytesReplace {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "bytes replace"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build("bytes replace")
+            .required("find", SyntaxShape::Binary, "the pattern to find")
+            .required("replace", SyntaxShape::Binary, "the replacement pattern")
+            .rest(
+                "rest",
+                SyntaxShape::CellPath,
+                "optionally find and replace text by column paths",
+            )
+            .switch("all", "replace all occurrences of find binary", Some('a'))
+            .category(Category::Bytes)
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Find and replace binary"
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["search", "shift", "switch"]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
+        let column_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 2)?;
+        let column_paths = if column_paths.is_empty() {
+            None
+        } else {
+            Some(column_paths)
+        };
+        let find = call.req::<Spanned<Vec<u8>>>(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        if find.item.is_empty() {
+            return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                "the pattern to find cannot be empty".to_string(),
+                find.span,
+            ));
+        }
+
+        let arg = Arguments {
+            find: find.item,
+            replace: call.req::<Vec<u8>>(engine_state, stack, 1)?,
+            column_paths,
+            all: call.has_flag("all"),
+        };
+
+        operate(replace, arg, input, call.head, engine_state.ctrlc.clone())
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![
+            Example {
+                description: "Find and replace contents",
+                example: "0x[10 AA FF AA FF] | bytes replace 0x[10 AA] 0x[FF]",
+                result: Some(Value::Binary {
+                    val: vec![0xFF, 0xFF, 0xAA, 0xFF],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Find and replace all occurrences of find binary",
+                example: "0x[10 AA 10 BB 10] | bytes replace -a 0x[10] 0x[A0]",
+                result: Some(Value::Binary {
+                    val: vec![0xA0, 0xAA, 0xA0, 0xBB, 0xA0],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Find and replace all occurrences of find binary in table",
+                example: "[[ColA ColB ColC]; [0x[11 12 13] 0x[14 15 16] 0x[17 18 19]]] | bytes replace -a 0x[11] 0x[13] ColA ColC",
+                result: Some(Value::List {
+                    vals: vec![Value::Record {
+                        cols: vec!["ColA".to_string(), "ColB".to_string(), "ColC".to_string()],
+                        vals: vec![
+                            Value::Binary {
+                                val: vec![0x13, 0x12, 0x13],
+                                span: Span::test_data(),
+                            },
+                            Value::Binary {
+                                val: vec![0x14, 0x15, 0x16],
+                                span: Span::test_data(),
+                            },
+                            Value::Binary {
+                                val: vec![0x17, 0x18, 0x19],
+                                span: Span::test_data(),
+                            },
+                        ],
+                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                    }],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+        ]
+    }
+}
+
+fn replace(input: &[u8], arg: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
+    let mut replaced = vec![];
+    let replace_all = arg.all;
+
+    // doing find-and-replace stuff.
+    let (mut left, mut right) = (0, arg.find.len());
+    let input_len = input.len();
+    let pattern_len = arg.find.len();
+    while right <= input_len {
+        if input[left..right] == arg.find {
+            let mut to_replace = arg.replace.clone();
+            replaced.append(&mut to_replace);
+            left += pattern_len;
+            right += pattern_len;
+            if !replace_all {
+                break;
+            }
+        } else {
+            replaced.push(input[left]);
+            left += 1;
+            right += 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    let mut remain = input[left..].to_vec();
+    replaced.append(&mut remain);
+    Value::Binary {
+        val: replaced,
+        span,
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        use crate::test_examples;
+
+        test_examples(BytesReplace {})
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/reverse.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+use super::{operate, BytesArgument};
+use nu_engine::CallExt;
+use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
+use nu_protocol::ast::CellPath;
+use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
+use nu_protocol::Category;
+use nu_protocol::{Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Value};
+
+struct Arguments {
+    column_paths: Option<Vec<CellPath>>,
+}
+
+impl BytesArgument for Arguments {
+    fn take_column_paths(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<CellPath>> {
+        self.column_paths.take()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+
+pub struct BytesReverse;
+
+impl Command for BytesReverse {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "bytes reverse"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build("bytes reverse")
+            .rest(
+                "rest",
+                SyntaxShape::CellPath,
+                "optionally matches prefix of text by column paths",
+            )
+            .category(Category::Bytes)
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Reverse every bytes in the pipeline"
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["convert", "inverse", "flip"]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
+        let column_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        let column_paths = if column_paths.is_empty() {
+            None
+        } else {
+            Some(column_paths)
+        };
+        let arg = Arguments { column_paths };
+        operate(reverse, arg, input, call.head, engine_state.ctrlc.clone())
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![
+            Example {
+                description: "Reverse bytes `0x[1F FF AA AA]`",
+                example: "0x[1F FF AA AA] | bytes reverse",
+                result: Some(Value::Binary {
+                    val: vec![0xAA, 0xAA, 0xFF, 0x1F],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Reverse bytes `0x[FF AA AA]`",
+                example: "0x[FF AA AA] | bytes reverse",
+                result: Some(Value::Binary {
+                    val: vec![0xAA, 0xAA, 0xFF],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+        ]
+    }
+}
+
+fn reverse(input: &[u8], _args: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
+    let mut reversed_input = input.to_vec();
+    reversed_input.reverse();
+    Value::Binary {
+        val: reversed_input,
+        span,
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        use crate::test_examples;
+
+        test_examples(BytesReverse {})
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/starts_with.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+use super::{operate, BytesArgument};
+use nu_engine::CallExt;
+use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
+use nu_protocol::ast::CellPath;
+use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
+use nu_protocol::Category;
+use nu_protocol::{Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Value};
+
+struct Arguments {
+    pattern: Vec<u8>,
+    column_paths: Option<Vec<CellPath>>,
+}
+
+impl BytesArgument for Arguments {
+    fn take_column_paths(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<CellPath>> {
+        self.column_paths.take()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+
+pub struct BytesStartsWith;
+
+impl Command for BytesStartsWith {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "bytes starts-with"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build("bytes starts-with")
+            .required("pattern", SyntaxShape::Binary, "the pattern to match")
+            .rest(
+                "rest",
+                SyntaxShape::CellPath,
+                "optionally matches prefix of text by column paths",
+            )
+            .category(Category::Bytes)
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Check if bytes starts with a pattern"
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["pattern", "match", "find", "search"]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
+        let pattern: Vec<u8> = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        let column_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 1)?;
+        let column_paths = if column_paths.is_empty() {
+            None
+        } else {
+            Some(column_paths)
+        };
+        let arg = Arguments {
+            pattern,
+            column_paths,
+        };
+        operate(
+            starts_with,
+            arg,
+            input,
+            call.head,
+            engine_state.ctrlc.clone(),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![
+            Example {
+                description: "Checks if binary starts with `0x[1F FF AA]`",
+                example: "0x[1F FF AA AA] | bytes starts-with 0x[1F FF AA]",
+                result: Some(Value::Bool {
+                    val: true,
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Checks if binary starts with `0x[1F]`",
+                example: "0x[1F FF AA AA] | bytes starts-with 0x[1F]",
+                result: Some(Value::Bool {
+                    val: true,
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Checks if binary starts with `0x[1F]`",
+                example: "0x[1F FF AA AA] | bytes starts-with 0x[11]",
+                result: Some(Value::Bool {
+                    val: false,
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+        ]
+    }
+}
+
+fn starts_with(input: &[u8], Arguments { pattern, .. }: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
+    Value::Bool {
+        val: input.starts_with(pattern),
+        span,
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        use crate::test_examples;
+
+        test_examples(BytesStartsWith {})
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/conversions/into/datetime.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use crate::{generate_strftime_list, parse_date_from_string};
 use chrono::{DateTime, FixedOffset, Local, TimeZone, Utc};
 use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
@@ -7,9 +8,6 @@ use nu_protocol::{
     Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Spanned, SyntaxShape, Value,
 };
 
-use crate::generate_strftime_list;
-use crate::parse_date_from_string;
-
 struct Arguments {
     timezone: Option<Spanned<String>>,
     offset: Option<Spanned<i64>>,
@@ -148,6 +146,15 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
                 example: "1614434140 | into datetime -o +9",
                 result: None,
             },
+            Example {
+                description:
+                    "Convert timestamps like the sqlite history t",
+                example: "1656165681720 | into datetime",
+                result: Some(Value::Date {
+                    val: Utc.timestamp_millis(1656165681720).into(),
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
         ]
     }
 }
@@ -251,10 +258,19 @@ fn action(
 
         return match timezone {
             // default to UTC
-            None => Value::Date {
-                val: Utc.timestamp(ts, 0).into(),
-                span: head,
-            },
+            None => {
+                // be able to convert chrono::Utc::now()
+                let dt = match ts.to_string().len() {
+                    x if x > 13 => Utc.timestamp_nanos(ts).into(),
+                    x if x > 10 => Utc.timestamp_millis(ts).into(),
+                    _ => Utc.timestamp(ts, 0).into(),
+                };
+
+                Value::Date {
+                    val: dt,
+                    span: head,
+                }
+            }
             Some(Spanned { item, span }) => match item {
                 Zone::Utc => Value::Date {
                     val: Utc.timestamp(ts, 0).into(),

crates/nu-command/src/conversions/into/duration.rs

@@ -28,6 +28,10 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
         "Convert value to duration"
     }
 
+    fn extra_usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "into duration does not take leap years into account and every month is calculated with 30 days"
+    }
+
     fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
         vec!["convert", "time", "period"]
     }
@@ -136,7 +140,7 @@ fn into_duration(
     )
 }
 
-fn string_to_duration(s: &str, span: Span) -> Result<i64, ShellError> {
+fn string_to_duration(s: &str, span: Span, value_span: Span) -> Result<i64, ShellError> {
     if let Some(expression) = parse_duration_bytes(s.as_bytes(), span) {
         if let Expr::ValueWithUnit(value, unit) = expression.expr {
             if let Expr::Int(x) = value.expr {
@@ -149,16 +153,21 @@ fn string_to_duration(s: &str, span: Span) -> Result<i64, ShellError> {
                     Unit::Hour => return Ok(x * 60 * 60 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000),
                     Unit::Day => return Ok(x * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000),
                     Unit::Week => return Ok(x * 7 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000),
+                    Unit::Month => return Ok(x * 30 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000), //30 days to a month
+                    Unit::Year => return Ok(x * 365 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000), //365 days to a year
+                    Unit::Decade => return Ok(x * 10 * 365 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000), //365 days to a year
                     _ => {}
                 }
             }
         }
     }
 
-    Err(ShellError::CantConvert(
+    Err(ShellError::CantConvertWithValue(
         "duration".to_string(),
         "string".to_string(),
+        s.to_string(),
         span,
+        value_span,
         Some("supported units are ns, us, ms, sec, min, hr, day, and wk".to_string()),
     ))
 }
@@ -166,7 +175,10 @@ fn string_to_duration(s: &str, span: Span) -> Result<i64, ShellError> {
 fn action(input: &Value, span: Span) -> Value {
     match input {
         Value::Duration { .. } => input.clone(),
-        Value::String { val, .. } => match string_to_duration(val, span) {
+        Value::String {
+            val,
+            span: value_span,
+        } => match string_to_duration(val, span, *value_span) {
             Ok(val) => Value::Duration { val, span },
             Err(error) => Value::Error { error },
         },

crates/nu-command/src/conversions/into/int.rs

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ use nu_protocol::{
 struct Arguments {
     radix: Option<Value>,
     column_paths: Vec<CellPath>,
+    little_endian: bool,
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build("into int")
             .named("radix", SyntaxShape::Number, "radix of integer", Some('r'))
+            .switch("little-endian", "use little-endian byte decoding", None)
             .rest(
                 "rest",
                 SyntaxShape::CellPath,
@@ -100,6 +102,21 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
                 example: "'FF' |  into int -r 16",
                 result: Some(Value::test_int(255)),
             },
+            Example {
+                description: "Convert octal string to integer",
+                example: "'0o10132' | into int",
+                result: Some(Value::test_int(4186)),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Convert 0 padded string to integer",
+                example: "'0010132' | into int",
+                result: Some(Value::test_int(10132)),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Convert 0 padded string to integer with radix",
+                example: "'0010132' | into int -r 8",
+                result: Some(Value::test_int(4186)),
+            },
         ]
     }
 }
@@ -114,6 +131,7 @@ fn into_int(
 
     let options = Arguments {
         radix: call.get_flag(engine_state, stack, "radix")?,
+        little_endian: call.has_flag("little-endian"),
         column_paths: call.rest(engine_state, stack, 0)?,
     };
 
@@ -135,13 +153,13 @@ fn into_int(
     input.map(
         move |v| {
             if options.column_paths.is_empty() {
-                action(&v, head, radix)
+                action(&v, head, radix, options.little_endian)
             } else {
                 let mut ret = v;
                 for path in &options.column_paths {
                     let r = ret.update_cell_path(
                         &path.members,
-                        Box::new(move |old| action(old, head, radix)),
+                        Box::new(move |old| action(old, head, radix, options.little_endian)),
                     );
                     if let Err(error) = r {
                         return Value::Error { error };
@@ -155,7 +173,7 @@ fn into_int(
     )
 }
 
-pub fn action(input: &Value, span: Span, radix: u32) -> Value {
+pub fn action(input: &Value, span: Span, radix: u32, little_endian: bool) -> Value {
     match input {
         Value::Int { val: _, .. } => {
             if radix == 10 {
@@ -166,7 +184,32 @@ pub fn action(input: &Value, span: Span, radix: u32) -> Value {
         }
         Value::Filesize { val, .. } => Value::Int { val: *val, span },
         Value::Float { val, .. } => Value::Int {
-            val: *val as i64,
+            val: {
+                if radix == 10 {
+                    *val as i64
+                } else {
+                    match convert_int(
+                        &Value::Int {
+                            val: *val as i64,
+                            span,
+                        },
+                        span,
+                        radix,
+                    )
+                    .as_i64()
+                    {
+                        Ok(v) => v,
+                        _ => {
+                            return Value::Error {
+                                error: ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                                    "Could not convert float to integer".to_string(),
+                                    span,
+                                ),
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            },
             span,
         },
         Value::String { val, .. } => {
@@ -190,6 +233,33 @@ pub fn action(input: &Value, span: Span, radix: u32) -> Value {
             val: val.timestamp(),
             span,
         },
+        Value::Binary { val, span } => {
+            use byteorder::{BigEndian, ByteOrder, LittleEndian};
+
+            let mut val = val.to_vec();
+
+            if little_endian {
+                while val.len() < 8 {
+                    val.push(0);
+                }
+                val.resize(8, 0);
+
+                Value::Int {
+                    val: LittleEndian::read_i64(&val),
+                    span: *span,
+                }
+            } else {
+                while val.len() < 8 {
+                    val.insert(0, 0);
+                }
+                val.resize(8, 0);
+
+                Value::Int {
+                    val: BigEndian::read_i64(&val),
+                    span: *span,
+                }
+            }
+        }
         _ => Value::Error {
             error: ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
                 format!("'into int' for unsupported type '{}'", input.get_type()),
@@ -203,11 +273,31 @@ fn convert_int(input: &Value, head: Span, radix: u32) -> Value {
     let i = match input {
         Value::Int { val, .. } => val.to_string(),
         Value::String { val, .. } => {
-            if val.starts_with("0x") || val.starts_with("0b") {
+            let val = val.trim();
+            if val.starts_with("0x") // hex
+                || val.starts_with("0b") // binary
+                || val.starts_with("0o")
+            // octal
+            {
                 match int_from_string(val, head) {
                     Ok(x) => return Value::Int { val: x, span: head },
                     Err(e) => return Value::Error { error: e },
                 }
+            } else if val.starts_with("00") {
+                // It's a padded string
+                match i64::from_str_radix(val, radix) {
+                    Ok(n) => return Value::Int { val: n, span: head },
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        return Value::Error {
+                            error: ShellError::CantConvert(
+                                "string".to_string(),
+                                "int".to_string(),
+                                head,
+                                Some(e.to_string()),
+                            ),
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
             }
             val.to_string()
         }
@@ -220,10 +310,10 @@ fn convert_int(input: &Value, head: Span, radix: u32) -> Value {
             }
         }
     };
-    match i64::from_str_radix(&i, radix) {
+    match i64::from_str_radix(i.trim(), radix) {
         Ok(n) => Value::Int { val: n, span: head },
         Err(_reason) => Value::Error {
-            error: ShellError::CantConvert("int".to_string(), "string".to_string(), head, None),
+            error: ShellError::CantConvert("string".to_string(), "int".to_string(), head, None),
         },
     }
 }
@@ -261,7 +351,21 @@ fn int_from_string(a_string: &str, span: Span) -> Result<i64, ShellError> {
                 };
             Ok(num)
         }
-        _ => match a_string.parse::<i64>() {
+        o if o.starts_with("0o") => {
+            let num = match i64::from_str_radix(o.trim_start_matches("0o"), 8) {
+                Ok(n) => n,
+                Err(_reason) => {
+                    return Err(ShellError::CantConvert(
+                        "int".to_string(),
+                        "string".to_string(),
+                        span,
+                        Some(r#"octal digits following "0o" should be in 0-7"#.to_string()),
+                    ))
+                }
+            };
+            Ok(num)
+        }
+        _ => match trimmed.parse::<i64>() {
             Ok(n) => Ok(n),
             Err(_) => match a_string.parse::<f64>() {
                 Ok(f) => Ok(f as i64),
@@ -269,7 +373,10 @@ fn int_from_string(a_string: &str, span: Span) -> Result<i64, ShellError> {
                     "int".to_string(),
                     "string".to_string(),
                     span,
-                    None,
+                    Some(format!(
+                        r#"string "{}" does not represent a valid integer"#,
+                        trimmed
+                    )),
                 )),
             },
         },
@@ -294,21 +401,21 @@ mod test {
         let word = Value::test_string("10");
         let expected = Value::test_int(10);
 
-        let actual = action(&word, Span::test_data(), 10);
+        let actual = action(&word, Span::test_data(), 10, false);
         assert_eq!(actual, expected);
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn turns_binary_to_integer() {
         let s = Value::test_string("0b101");
-        let actual = action(&s, Span::test_data(), 10);
+        let actual = action(&s, Span::test_data(), 10, false);
         assert_eq!(actual, Value::test_int(5));
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn turns_hex_to_integer() {
         let s = Value::test_string("0xFF");
-        let actual = action(&s, Span::test_data(), 16);
+        let actual = action(&s, Span::test_data(), 16, false);
         assert_eq!(actual, Value::test_int(255));
     }
 
@@ -316,7 +423,7 @@ mod test {
     fn communicates_parsing_error_given_an_invalid_integerlike_string() {
         let integer_str = Value::test_string("36anra");
 
-        let actual = action(&integer_str, Span::test_data(), 10);
+        let actual = action(&integer_str, Span::test_data(), 10, false);
 
         assert_eq!(actual.get_type(), Error)
     }

crates/nu-command/src/conversions/into/string.rs

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::{
     ast::{Call, CellPath},
     engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
-    Category, Config, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span,
-    SyntaxShape, Value,
+    into_code, Category, Config, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature,
+    Span, SyntaxShape, Value,
 };
 
 // TODO num_format::SystemLocale once platform-specific dependencies are stable (see Cargo.toml)
@@ -53,6 +53,14 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
 
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
         vec![
+            Example {
+                description: "convert integer to string and append three decimal places",
+                example: "5 | into string -d 3",
+                result: Some(Value::String {
+                    val: "5.000".to_string(),
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
             Example {
                 description: "convert decimal to string and round to nearest integer",
                 example: "1.7 | into string -d 0",
@@ -210,6 +218,15 @@ pub fn action(
         Value::Int { val, .. } => {
             let res = if group_digits {
                 format_int(*val) // int.to_formatted_string(*locale)
+            } else if let Some(dig) = digits {
+                let mut val_with_trailing_zeroes = val.to_string();
+                if dig != 0 {
+                    val_with_trailing_zeroes.push('.');
+                }
+                for _ in 0..dig {
+                    val_with_trailing_zeroes.push('0');
+                }
+                val_with_trailing_zeroes
             } else {
                 val.to_string()
             };
@@ -247,6 +264,15 @@ pub fn action(
             val: input.into_string(", ", config),
             span,
         },
+        Value::Error { error } => Value::String {
+            val: {
+                match into_code(error) {
+                    Some(code) => code,
+                    None => "".to_string(),
+                }
+            },
+            span,
+        },
         Value::Nothing { .. } => Value::String {
             val: "".to_string(),
             span,

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/def_env.rs

@@ -28,7 +28,33 @@ impl Command for DefEnv {
 
     fn extra_usage(&self) -> &str {
         r#"This command is a parser keyword. For details, check:
-  https://www.nushell.sh/book/thinking_in_nushell.html"#
+  https://www.nushell.sh/book/thinking_in_nushell.html
+
+=== EXTRA NOTE ===
+All blocks are scoped, including variable definition and environment variable changes.
+
+Because of this, the following doesn't work:
+
+def-env cd_with_fallback [arg = ""] {
+    let fall_back_path = "/tmp"
+    if $arg != "" {
+        cd $arg
+    } else {
+        cd $fall_back_path
+    }
+}
+
+Instead, you have to use cd in the top level scope:
+
+def-env cd_with_fallback [arg = ""] {
+    let fall_back_path = "/tmp"
+    let path = if $arg != "" {
+        $arg
+    } else {
+        $fall_back_path
+    }
+    cd $path
+}"#
     }
 
     fn is_parser_keyword(&self) -> bool {

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/do_.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 use nu_engine::{eval_block, CallExt};
 use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
 use nu_protocol::engine::{CaptureBlock, Command, EngineState, Stack};
-use nu_protocol::{Category, Example, PipelineData, Signature, SyntaxShape, Value};
+use nu_protocol::{
+    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, Signature, SyntaxShape, Value,
+};
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct Do;
@@ -23,6 +25,11 @@ impl Command for Do {
                 "ignore errors as the block runs",
                 Some('i'),
             )
+            .switch(
+                "capture-errors",
+                "capture errors as the block runs and return it",
+                Some('c'),
+            )
             .rest("rest", SyntaxShape::Any, "the parameter(s) for the block")
             .category(Category::Core)
     }
@@ -37,6 +44,7 @@ impl Command for Do {
         let block: CaptureBlock = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
         let rest: Vec<Value> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 1)?;
         let ignore_errors = call.has_flag("ignore-errors");
+        let capture_errors = call.has_flag("capture-errors");
 
         let mut stack = stack.captures_to_stack(&block.captures);
         let block = engine_state.get_block(block.block_id);
@@ -85,7 +93,7 @@ impl Command for Do {
             block,
             input,
             call.redirect_stdout,
-            ignore_errors,
+            ignore_errors || capture_errors,
         );
 
         if ignore_errors {
@@ -93,6 +101,11 @@ impl Command for Do {
                 Ok(x) => Ok(x),
                 Err(_) => Ok(PipelineData::new(call.head)),
             }
+        } else if capture_errors {
+            match result {
+                Ok(x) => Ok(x),
+                Err(err) => Ok((Value::Error { error: err }).into_pipeline_data()),
+            }
         } else {
             result
         }

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/echo.rs

@@ -23,6 +23,10 @@ impl Command for Echo {
             .category(Category::Core)
     }
 
+    fn extra_usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Unlike `print`, this command returns an actual value that will be passed to the next command of the pipeline."
+    }
+
     fn run(
         &self,
         engine_state: &EngineState,

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/error_make.rs

@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@ use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
 use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
 use nu_protocol::{
-    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape,
-    Value,
+    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Value,
 };
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
@@ -16,7 +15,12 @@ impl Command for ErrorMake {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build("error make")
-            .optional("error_struct", SyntaxShape::Record, "the error to create")
+            .required("error_struct", SyntaxShape::Record, "the error to create")
+            .switch(
+                "unspanned",
+                "remove the origin label from the error",
+                Some('u'),
+            )
             .category(Category::Core)
     }
 
@@ -33,42 +37,32 @@ impl Command for ErrorMake {
         engine_state: &EngineState,
         stack: &mut Stack,
         call: &Call,
-        input: PipelineData,
+        _input: PipelineData,
     ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
         let span = call.head;
-        let ctrlc = engine_state.ctrlc.clone();
-        let arg: Option<Value> = call.opt(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        let arg: Value = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        let unspanned = call.has_flag("unspanned");
 
-        if let Some(arg) = arg {
-            Ok(make_error(&arg, span)
-                .map(|err| Value::Error { error: err })
-                .unwrap_or_else(|| Value::Error {
-                    error: ShellError::GenericError(
-                        "Creating error value not supported.".into(),
-                        "unsupported error format".into(),
-                        Some(span),
-                        None,
-                        Vec::new(),
-                    ),
-                })
-                .into_pipeline_data())
+        if unspanned {
+            Err(make_error(&arg, None).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+                ShellError::GenericError(
+                    "Creating error value not supported.".into(),
+                    "unsupported error format".into(),
+                    Some(span),
+                    None,
+                    Vec::new(),
+                )
+            }))
         } else {
-            input.map(
-                move |value| {
-                    make_error(&value, span)
-                        .map(|err| Value::Error { error: err })
-                        .unwrap_or_else(|| Value::Error {
-                            error: ShellError::GenericError(
-                                "Creating error value not supported.".into(),
-                                "unsupported error format".into(),
-                                Some(span),
-                                None,
-                                Vec::new(),
-                            ),
-                        })
-                },
-                ctrlc,
-            )
+            Err(make_error(&arg, Some(span)).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+                ShellError::GenericError(
+                    "Creating error value not supported.".into(),
+                    "unsupported error format".into(),
+                    Some(span),
+                    None,
+                    Vec::new(),
+                )
+            }))
         }
     }
 
@@ -93,7 +87,7 @@ impl Command for ErrorMake {
     }
 }
 
-fn make_error(value: &Value, throw_span: Span) -> Option<ShellError> {
+fn make_error(value: &Value, throw_span: Option<Span>) -> Option<ShellError> {
     if let Value::Record { .. } = &value {
         let msg = value.get_data_by_key("msg");
         let label = value.get_data_by_key("label");
@@ -130,7 +124,7 @@ fn make_error(value: &Value, throw_span: Span) -> Option<ShellError> {
                     ) => Some(ShellError::GenericError(
                         message,
                         label_text,
-                        Some(throw_span),
+                        throw_span,
                         None,
                         Vec::new(),
                     )),
@@ -140,7 +134,7 @@ fn make_error(value: &Value, throw_span: Span) -> Option<ShellError> {
             (Some(Value::String { val: message, .. }), None) => Some(ShellError::GenericError(
                 message,
                 "originates from here".to_string(),
-                Some(throw_span),
+                throw_span,
                 None,
                 Vec::new(),
             )),

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/export_def_env.rs

@@ -28,7 +28,33 @@ impl Command for ExportDefEnv {
 
     fn extra_usage(&self) -> &str {
         r#"This command is a parser keyword. For details, check:
-  https://www.nushell.sh/book/thinking_in_nushell.html"#
+  https://www.nushell.sh/book/thinking_in_nushell.html
+
+=== EXTRA NOTE ===
+All blocks are scoped, including variable definition and environment variable changes.
+
+Because of this, the following doesn't work:
+
+export def-env cd_with_fallback [arg = ""] {
+    let fall_back_path = "/tmp"
+    if $arg != "" {
+        cd $arg
+    } else {
+        cd $fall_back_path
+    }
+}
+
+Instead, you have to use cd in the top level scope:
+
+export def-env cd_with_fallback [arg = ""] {
+    let fall_back_path = "/tmp"
+    let path = if $arg != "" {
+        $arg
+    } else {
+        $fall_back_path
+    }
+    cd $path
+}"#
     }
 
     fn is_parser_keyword(&self) -> bool {

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/help.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
+use nu_ansi_term::{
+    Color::{Default, Red, White},
+    Style,
+};
+use nu_color_config::get_color_config;
+use nu_engine::{get_full_help, CallExt};
 use nu_protocol::{
     ast::Call,
     engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
     span, Category, Example, IntoInterruptiblePipelineData, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData,
-    ShellError, Signature, Spanned, SyntaxShape, Value,
+    ShellError, Signature, Span, Spanned, SyntaxShape, Value,
 };
-
-use nu_engine::{get_full_help, CallExt};
-
 use std::borrow::Borrow;
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
@@ -81,23 +84,29 @@ fn help(
     let head = call.head;
     let find: Option<Spanned<String>> = call.get_flag(engine_state, stack, "find")?;
     let rest: Vec<Spanned<String>> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
-
     let commands = engine_state.get_decl_ids_sorted(false);
+    let config = engine_state.get_config();
+    let color_hm = get_color_config(config);
+    let default_style = Style::new().fg(Default).on(Default);
+    let string_style = match color_hm.get("string") {
+        Some(style) => style,
+        None => &default_style,
+    };
 
     if let Some(f) = find {
+        let org_search_string = f.item.clone();
         let search_string = f.item.to_lowercase();
         let mut found_cmds_vec = Vec::new();
 
         for decl_id in commands {
             let mut cols = vec![];
             let mut vals = vec![];
-
             let decl = engine_state.get_decl(decl_id);
             let sig = decl.signature().update_from_command(decl.borrow());
-
             let key = sig.name;
             let usage = sig.usage;
             let search_terms = sig.search_terms;
+
             let matches_term = if !search_terms.is_empty() {
                 search_terms
                     .iter()
@@ -106,13 +115,16 @@ fn help(
                 false
             };
 
-            if key.to_lowercase().contains(&search_string)
-                || usage.to_lowercase().contains(&search_string)
-                || matches_term
-            {
+            let key_match = key.to_lowercase().contains(&search_string);
+            let usage_match = usage.to_lowercase().contains(&search_string);
+            if key_match || usage_match || matches_term {
                 cols.push("name".into());
                 vals.push(Value::String {
-                    val: key,
+                    val: if key_match {
+                        highlight_search_string(&key, &org_search_string, string_style)?
+                    } else {
+                        key
+                    },
                     span: head,
                 });
 
@@ -142,7 +154,11 @@ fn help(
 
                 cols.push("usage".into());
                 vals.push(Value::String {
-                    val: usage,
+                    val: if usage_match {
+                        highlight_search_string(&usage, &org_search_string, string_style)?
+                    } else {
+                        usage
+                    },
                     span: head,
                 });
 
@@ -151,7 +167,30 @@ fn help(
                     Value::nothing(head)
                 } else {
                     Value::String {
-                        val: search_terms.join(", "),
+                        val: if matches_term {
+                            search_terms
+                                .iter()
+                                .map(|term| {
+                                    if term.to_lowercase().contains(&search_string) {
+                                        match highlight_search_string(
+                                            term,
+                                            &org_search_string,
+                                            string_style,
+                                        ) {
+                                            Ok(s) => s,
+                                            Err(_) => {
+                                                string_style.paint(term.to_string()).to_string()
+                                            }
+                                        }
+                                    } else {
+                                        string_style.paint(term.to_string()).to_string()
+                                    }
+                                })
+                                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                                .join(", ")
+                        } else {
+                            search_terms.join(", ")
+                        },
                         span: head,
                     }
                 });
@@ -303,3 +342,48 @@ You can also learn more at https://www.nushell.sh/book/"#;
         .into_pipeline_data())
     }
 }
+
+// Highlight the search string using ANSI escape sequences and regular expressions.
+pub fn highlight_search_string(
+    haystack: &str,
+    needle: &str,
+    string_style: &Style,
+) -> Result<String, ShellError> {
+    let regex_string = format!("(?i){}", needle);
+    let regex = match regex::Regex::new(&regex_string) {
+        Ok(regex) => regex,
+        Err(err) => {
+            return Err(ShellError::GenericError(
+                "Could not compile regex".into(),
+                err.to_string(),
+                Some(Span::test_data()),
+                None,
+                Vec::new(),
+            ));
+        }
+    };
+    let mut last_match_end = 0;
+    let style = Style::new().fg(White).on(Red);
+    let mut highlighted = String::new();
+
+    for cap in regex.captures_iter(haystack) {
+        let start = match cap.get(0) {
+            Some(cap) => cap.start(),
+            None => 0,
+        };
+        let end = match cap.get(0) {
+            Some(cap) => cap.end(),
+            None => 0,
+        };
+        highlighted.push_str(
+            &string_style
+                .paint(&haystack[last_match_end..start])
+                .to_string(),
+        );
+        highlighted.push_str(&style.paint(&haystack[start..end]).to_string());
+        last_match_end = end;
+    }
+
+    highlighted.push_str(&string_style.paint(&haystack[last_match_end..]).to_string());
+    Ok(highlighted)
+}

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/history.rs

@@ -1,131 +0,0 @@
-use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
-use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
-use nu_protocol::{
-    Category, Example, HistoryFileFormat, IntoInterruptiblePipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError,
-    Signature, Value,
-};
-use reedline::{
-    FileBackedHistory, History as ReedlineHistory, SearchDirection, SearchQuery,
-    SqliteBackedHistory,
-};
-
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct History;
-
-impl Command for History {
-    fn name(&self) -> &str {
-        "history"
-    }
-
-    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
-        "Get the command history"
-    }
-
-    fn signature(&self) -> nu_protocol::Signature {
-        Signature::build("history")
-            .switch("clear", "Clears out the history entries", Some('c'))
-            .category(Category::Core)
-    }
-
-    fn run(
-        &self,
-        engine_state: &EngineState,
-        _stack: &mut Stack,
-        call: &Call,
-        _input: PipelineData,
-    ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
-        let head = call.head;
-        // todo for sqlite history this command should be an alias to `open ~/.config/nushell/history.sqlite3 | get history`
-        if let Some(config_path) = nu_path::config_dir() {
-            let clear = call.has_flag("clear");
-            let ctrlc = engine_state.ctrlc.clone();
-
-            let mut history_path = config_path;
-            history_path.push("nushell");
-            match engine_state.config.history_file_format {
-                HistoryFileFormat::Sqlite => {
-                    history_path.push("history.sqlite3");
-                }
-                HistoryFileFormat::PlainText => {
-                    history_path.push("history.txt");
-                }
-            }
-
-            if clear {
-                let _ = std::fs::remove_file(history_path);
-                // TODO: FIXME also clear the auxiliary files when using sqlite
-                Ok(PipelineData::new(head))
-            } else {
-                let history_reader: Option<Box<dyn ReedlineHistory>> =
-                    match engine_state.config.history_file_format {
-                        HistoryFileFormat::Sqlite => SqliteBackedHistory::with_file(history_path)
-                            .map(|inner| {
-                                let boxed: Box<dyn ReedlineHistory> = Box::new(inner);
-                                boxed
-                            })
-                            .ok(),
-
-                        HistoryFileFormat::PlainText => FileBackedHistory::with_file(
-                            engine_state.config.max_history_size as usize,
-                            history_path,
-                        )
-                        .map(|inner| {
-                            let boxed: Box<dyn ReedlineHistory> = Box::new(inner);
-                            boxed
-                        })
-                        .ok(),
-                    };
-
-                let data = history_reader
-                    .and_then(|h| {
-                        h.search(SearchQuery::everything(SearchDirection::Forward))
-                            .ok()
-                    })
-                    .map(move |entries| {
-                        entries
-                            .into_iter()
-                            .enumerate()
-                            .map(move |(idx, entry)| Value::Record {
-                                cols: vec!["command".to_string(), "index".to_string()],
-                                vals: vec![
-                                    Value::String {
-                                        val: entry.command_line,
-                                        span: head,
-                                    },
-                                    Value::Int {
-                                        val: idx as i64,
-                                        span: head,
-                                    },
-                                ],
-                                span: head,
-                            })
-                    })
-                    .ok_or(ShellError::FileNotFound(head))?
-                    .into_pipeline_data(ctrlc);
-                Ok(data)
-            }
-        } else {
-            Err(ShellError::FileNotFound(head))
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
-        vec![
-            Example {
-                example: "history | length",
-                description: "Get current history length",
-                result: None,
-            },
-            Example {
-                example: "history | last 5",
-                description: "Show last 5 commands you have ran",
-                result: None,
-            },
-            Example {
-                example: "history | wrap cmd | where cmd =~ cargo",
-                description: "Search all the commands from history that contains 'cargo'",
-                result: None,
-            },
-        ]
-    }
-}

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/if_.rs

@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ impl Command for If {
                                 call.redirect_stdout,
                                 call.redirect_stderr,
                             )
+                            .map(|res| res.0)
                         }
                     } else {
                         eval_expression_with_input(
@@ -102,6 +103,7 @@ impl Command for If {
                             call.redirect_stdout,
                             call.redirect_stderr,
                         )
+                        .map(|res| res.0)
                     }
                 } else {
                     Ok(PipelineData::new(call.head))

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/let_.rs

@@ -35,6 +35,10 @@ impl Command for Let {
         true
     }
 
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["set", "const"]
+    }
+
     fn run(
         &self,
         engine_state: &EngineState,
@@ -61,7 +65,8 @@ impl Command for Let {
             input,
             call.redirect_stdout,
             call.redirect_stderr,
-        )?;
+        )?
+        .0;
 
         //println!("Adding: {:?} to {}", rhs, var_id);
 

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/mod.rs

@@ -14,9 +14,8 @@ mod export_env;
 mod export_extern;
 mod extern_;
 mod for_;
-mod help;
+pub mod help;
 mod hide;
-mod history;
 mod if_;
 mod ignore;
 mod let_;
@@ -24,7 +23,6 @@ mod metadata;
 mod module;
 pub(crate) mod overlay;
 mod source;
-mod tutor;
 mod use_;
 mod version;
 
@@ -46,7 +44,6 @@ pub use extern_::Extern;
 pub use for_::For;
 pub use help::Help;
 pub use hide::Hide;
-pub use history::History;
 pub use if_::If;
 pub use ignore::Ignore;
 pub use let_::Let;
@@ -54,7 +51,6 @@ pub use metadata::Metadata;
 pub use module::Module;
 pub use overlay::*;
 pub use source::Source;
-pub use tutor::Tutor;
 pub use use_::Use;
 pub use version::Version;
 #[cfg(feature = "plugin")]

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/overlay/remove.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
 use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
-use nu_protocol::{
-    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Spanned, SyntaxShape, Value,
-};
+use nu_protocol::{Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Spanned, SyntaxShape};
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct OverlayRemove;
@@ -22,9 +20,15 @@ impl Command for OverlayRemove {
             .optional("name", SyntaxShape::String, "Overlay to remove")
             .switch(
                 "keep-custom",
-                "Keep newly added symbols within the next activated overlay",
+                "Keep all newly added symbols within the next activated overlay",
                 Some('k'),
             )
+            .named(
+                "keep-env",
+                SyntaxShape::List(Box::new(SyntaxShape::String)),
+                "List of environment variables to keep from the removed overlay",
+                Some('e'),
+            )
             .category(Category::Core)
     }
 
@@ -60,30 +64,44 @@ impl Command for OverlayRemove {
             ));
         }
 
-        if call.has_flag("keep-custom") {
+        let keep_env: Option<Vec<Spanned<String>>> =
+            call.get_flag(engine_state, stack, "keep-env")?;
+
+        let env_vars_to_keep = if call.has_flag("keep-custom") {
             if let Some(overlay_id) = engine_state.find_overlay(overlay_name.item.as_bytes()) {
                 let overlay_frame = engine_state.get_overlay(overlay_id);
                 let origin_module = engine_state.get_module(overlay_frame.origin);
 
-                let env_vars_to_keep: Vec<(String, Value)> = stack
+                stack
                     .get_overlay_env_vars(engine_state, &overlay_name.item)
                     .into_iter()
                     .filter(|(name, _)| !origin_module.has_env_var(name.as_bytes()))
-                    .collect();
-
-                stack.remove_overlay(&overlay_name.item);
-
-                for (name, val) in env_vars_to_keep {
-                    stack.add_env_var(name, val);
-                }
+                    .collect()
             } else {
                 return Err(ShellError::OverlayNotFoundAtRuntime(
                     overlay_name.item,
                     overlay_name.span,
                 ));
             }
+        } else if let Some(env_var_names_to_keep) = keep_env {
+            let mut env_vars_to_keep = vec![];
+
+            for name in env_var_names_to_keep.into_iter() {
+                match stack.get_env_var(engine_state, &name.item) {
+                    Some(val) => env_vars_to_keep.push((name.item, val.clone())),
+                    None => return Err(ShellError::EnvVarNotFoundAtRuntime(name.item, name.span)),
+                }
+            }
+
+            env_vars_to_keep
         } else {
-            stack.remove_overlay(&overlay_name.item);
+            vec![]
+        };
+
+        stack.remove_overlay(&overlay_name.item);
+
+        for (name, val) in env_vars_to_keep {
+            stack.add_env_var(name, val);
         }
 
         Ok(PipelineData::new(call.head))
@@ -112,6 +130,13 @@ impl Command for OverlayRemove {
     overlay remove"#,
                 result: None,
             },
+            Example {
+                description: "Keep the current working directory when removing an overlay",
+                example: r#"overlay new spam
+    cd some-dir
+    overlay remove --keep-env [ PWD ] spam"#,
+                result: None,
+            },
         ]
     }
 }

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/source.rs

@@ -69,11 +69,6 @@ impl Command for Source {
                 example: r#"source ./foo.nu; say-hi"#,
                 result: None,
             },
-            Example {
-                description: "Runs foo.nu in current context and call the `main` command automatically, suppose foo.nu has content: `def main [] { echo 'Hi!' }`",
-                example: r#"source ./foo.nu"#,
-                result: None,
-            },
         ]
     }
 }

crates/nu-command/src/database/commands/alias.rs

@@ -1,26 +1,26 @@
-use crate::{
-    database::values::dsl::{ExprDb, SelectDb},
-    SQLiteDatabase,
-};
+use crate::SQLiteDatabase;
 use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::{
     ast::Call,
     engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
-    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, SyntaxShape,
+    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape,
+    Type, Value,
 };
-use sqlparser::ast::{Ident, SelectItem, SetExpr, Statement, TableAlias, TableFactor};
+use sqlparser::ast::{Ident, SetExpr, Statement, TableAlias, TableFactor};
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct AliasExpr;
+pub struct AliasDb;
 
-impl Command for AliasExpr {
+impl Command for AliasDb {
     fn name(&self) -> &str {
-        "db as"
+        "as"
     }
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build(self.name())
             .required("alias", SyntaxShape::String, "alias name")
+            .input_type(Type::Custom("database".into()))
+            .output_type(Type::Custom("database".into()))
             .category(Category::Custom("database".into()))
     }
 
@@ -29,11 +29,59 @@ impl Command for AliasExpr {
     }
 
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
-        vec![Example {
-            description: "Creates an alias for a column selection",
-            example: "db col name_a | db as new_a",
-            result: None,
-        }]
+        vec![
+            Example {
+                description: "Creates an alias for a selected table",
+                example: r#"open db.mysql
+    | into db
+    | select a
+    | from table_1
+    | as t1
+    | describe"#,
+                result: Some(Value::Record {
+                    cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
+                    vals: vec![
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: "db.mysql".into(),
+                            span: Span::test_data(),
+                        },
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: "SELECT a FROM table_1 AS t1".into(),
+                            span: Span::test_data(),
+                        },
+                    ],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Creates an alias for a derived table",
+                example: r#"open db.mysql
+    | into db
+    | select a
+    | from (
+        open db.mysql
+        | into db
+        | select a b
+        | from table_a
+      )
+    | as t1
+    | describe"#,
+                result: Some(Value::Record {
+                    cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
+                    vals: vec![
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: "db.mysql".into(),
+                            span: Span::test_data(),
+                        },
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: "SELECT a FROM (SELECT a, b FROM table_a) AS t1".into(),
+                            span: Span::test_data(),
+                        },
+                    ],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+        ]
     }
 
     fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
@@ -48,52 +96,12 @@ impl Command for AliasExpr {
         input: PipelineData,
     ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
         let alias: String = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
-        let value = input.into_value(call.head);
 
-        if let Ok(expr) = ExprDb::try_from_value(&value) {
-            alias_selection(expr.into_native().into(), alias, call)
-        } else if let Ok(select) = SelectDb::try_from_value(&value) {
-            alias_selection(select, alias, call)
-        } else if let Ok(db) = SQLiteDatabase::try_from_value(value.clone()) {
-            alias_db(db, alias, call)
-        } else {
-            Err(ShellError::CantConvert(
-                "expression or query".into(),
-                value.get_type().to_string(),
-                value.span()?,
-                None,
-            ))
-        }
+        let db = SQLiteDatabase::try_from_pipeline(input, call.head)?;
+        alias_db(db, alias, call)
     }
 }
 
-fn alias_selection(
-    select: SelectDb,
-    alias: String,
-    call: &Call,
-) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
-    let select = match select.into_native() {
-        SelectItem::UnnamedExpr(expr) => SelectItem::ExprWithAlias {
-            expr,
-            alias: Ident {
-                value: alias,
-                quote_style: None,
-            },
-        },
-        SelectItem::ExprWithAlias { expr, .. } => SelectItem::ExprWithAlias {
-            expr,
-            alias: Ident {
-                value: alias,
-                quote_style: None,
-            },
-        },
-        select => select,
-    };
-
-    let select: SelectDb = select.into();
-    Ok(select.into_value(call.head).into_pipeline_data())
-}
-
 fn alias_db(
     mut db: SQLiteDatabase,
     new_alias: String,
@@ -142,7 +150,7 @@ fn alias_db(
             },
             s => {
                 return Err(ShellError::GenericError(
-                    "Connection doesnt define a query".into(),
+                    "Connection doesn't define a query".into(),
                     format!("Expected a connection with query. Got {}", s),
                     Some(call.head),
                     None,
@@ -152,3 +160,19 @@ fn alias_db(
         },
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::super::{FromDb, ProjectionDb};
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::database::test_database::test_database;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        test_database(vec![
+            Box::new(AliasDb {}),
+            Box::new(ProjectionDb {}),
+            Box::new(FromDb {}),
+        ])
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/database/commands/and.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use nu_protocol::{
     ast::Call,
     engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
     Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape,
-    Value,
+    Type, Value,
 };
 use sqlparser::ast::{BinaryOperator, Expr, Query, Select, SetExpr, Statement};
 
@@ -15,16 +15,18 @@ pub struct AndDb;
 
 impl Command for AndDb {
     fn name(&self) -> &str {
-        "db and"
+        "and"
     }
 
     fn usage(&self) -> &str {
-        "Includes an AND clause for a query or expression"
+        "Includes an AND clause for a query"
     }
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build(self.name())
             .required("where", SyntaxShape::Any, "Where expression on the table")
+            .input_type(Type::Custom("database".into()))
+            .output_type(Type::Custom("database".into()))
             .category(Category::Custom("database".into()))
     }
 
@@ -35,23 +37,52 @@ impl Command for AndDb {
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
         vec![
             Example {
-                description: "selects a column from a database with a where clause",
-                example: r#"db open db.mysql 
-    | db select a 
-    | db from table_1 
-    | db where ((db col a) > 1) 
-    | db and ((db col b) == 1) 
-    | db describe"#,
-                result: None,
+                description: "Selects a column from a database with an AND clause",
+                example: r#"open db.mysql
+    | into db
+    | select a
+    | from table_1
+    | where ((field a) > 1)
+    | and ((field b) == 1)
+    | describe"#,
+                result: Some(Value::Record {
+                    cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
+                    vals: vec![
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: "db.mysql".into(),
+                            span: Span::test_data(),
+                        },
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: "SELECT a FROM table_1 WHERE a > 1 AND b = 1".into(),
+                            span: Span::test_data(),
+                        },
+                    ],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
             },
             Example {
-                description: "Creates a nested where clause",
-                example: r#"db open db.mysql 
-    | db select a 
-    | db from table_1 
-    | db where ((db col a) > 1 | db and ((db col a) < 10)) 
-    | db describe"#,
-                result: None,
+                description: "Creates a AND clause combined with an expression AND",
+                example: r#"open db.mysql
+    | into db
+    | select a
+    | from table_1
+    | where ((field a) > 1 | and ((field a) < 10))
+    | and ((field b) == 1)
+    | describe"#,
+                result: Some(Value::Record {
+                    cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
+                    vals: vec![
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: "db.mysql".into(),
+                            span: Span::test_data(),
+                        },
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: "SELECT a FROM table_1 WHERE (a > 1 AND a < 10) AND b = 1".into(),
+                            span: Span::test_data(),
+                        },
+                    ],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
             },
         ]
     }
@@ -66,51 +97,32 @@ impl Command for AndDb {
         let value: Value = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
         let expr = ExprDb::try_from_value(&value)?.into_native();
 
-        let value = input.into_value(call.head);
-        if let Ok(expression) = ExprDb::try_from_value(&value) {
-            let expression = Expr::BinaryOp {
-                left: Box::new(expression.into_native()),
-                op: BinaryOperator::And,
-                right: Box::new(expr),
-            };
-
-            let expression: ExprDb = Expr::Nested(Box::new(expression)).into();
-
-            Ok(expression.into_value(call.head).into_pipeline_data())
-        } else if let Ok(mut db) = SQLiteDatabase::try_from_value(value.clone()) {
-            match db.statement.as_mut() {
-                Some(statement) => match statement {
-                    Statement::Query(query) => modify_query(query, expr, call.head)?,
-                    s => {
-                        return Err(ShellError::GenericError(
-                            "Connection doesnt define a query".into(),
-                            format!("Expected a connection with query. Got {}", s),
-                            Some(call.head),
-                            None,
-                            Vec::new(),
-                        ))
-                    }
-                },
-                None => {
+        let mut db = SQLiteDatabase::try_from_pipeline(input, call.head)?;
+        match db.statement.as_mut() {
+            Some(statement) => match statement {
+                Statement::Query(query) => modify_query(query, expr, call.head)?,
+                s => {
                     return Err(ShellError::GenericError(
-                        "Connection without statement".into(),
-                        "The connection needs a statement defined".into(),
+                        "Connection doesn't define a query".into(),
+                        format!("Expected a connection with query. Got {}", s),
                         Some(call.head),
                         None,
                         Vec::new(),
                     ))
                 }
-            };
+            },
+            None => {
+                return Err(ShellError::GenericError(
+                    "Connection without statement".into(),
+                    "The connection needs a statement defined".into(),
+                    Some(call.head),
+                    None,
+                    Vec::new(),
+                ))
+            }
+        };
 
-            Ok(db.into_value(call.head).into_pipeline_data())
-        } else {
-            Err(ShellError::CantConvert(
-                "expression or query".into(),
-                value.get_type().to_string(),
-                value.span()?,
-                None,
-            ))
-        }
+        Ok(db.into_value(call.head).into_pipeline_data())
     }
 }
 
@@ -150,3 +162,23 @@ fn modify_select(select: &mut Box<Select>, expression: Expr, span: Span) -> Resu
     select.as_mut().selection = Some(new_expression);
     Ok(())
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::super::super::expressions::{AndExpr, FieldExpr};
+    use super::super::{FromDb, ProjectionDb, WhereDb};
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::database::test_database::test_database;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        test_database(vec![
+            Box::new(AndDb {}),
+            Box::new(ProjectionDb {}),
+            Box::new(FromDb {}),
+            Box::new(WhereDb {}),
+            Box::new(FieldExpr {}),
+            Box::new(AndExpr {}),
+        ])
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/database/commands/col.rs

@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-use crate::database::values::dsl::ExprDb;
-use nu_engine::CallExt;
-use nu_protocol::{
-    ast::Call,
-    engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
-    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, SyntaxShape, Value,
-};
-
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct ColExpr;
-
-impl Command for ColExpr {
-    fn name(&self) -> &str {
-        "db col"
-    }
-
-    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
-        Signature::build(self.name())
-            .required("name", SyntaxShape::String, "column name")
-            .category(Category::Custom("database".into()))
-    }
-
-    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
-        "Creates column expression for database"
-    }
-
-    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
-        vec![Example {
-            description: "Creates a named column expression",
-            example: "db col name_1",
-            result: None,
-        }]
-    }
-
-    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
-        vec!["database", "column", "expression"]
-    }
-
-    fn run(
-        &self,
-        engine_state: &EngineState,
-        stack: &mut Stack,
-        call: &Call,
-        _input: PipelineData,
-    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
-        let value: Value = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
-        let expression = ExprDb::try_from_value(&value)?;
-
-        Ok(expression.into_value(call.head).into_pipeline_data())
-    }
-}

crates/nu-command/src/database/commands/collect.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use nu_protocol::{
     ast::Call,
     engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
-    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature,
+    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Type,
 };
 
 use super::super::SQLiteDatabase;
@@ -11,21 +11,24 @@ pub struct CollectDb;
 
 impl Command for CollectDb {
     fn name(&self) -> &str {
-        "db collect"
+        "collect"
     }
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
-        Signature::build(self.name()).category(Category::Custom("database".into()))
+        Signature::build(self.name())
+            .input_type(Type::Custom("database".into()))
+            .output_type(Type::Any)
+            .category(Category::Custom("database".into()))
     }
 
     fn usage(&self) -> &str {
-        "Query a database using SQL."
+        "Collects a query from a database database connection"
     }
 
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
         vec![Example {
             description: "Collect from a select query",
-            example: "open foo.db | db select a | db from table_1 | db collect",
+            example: "open foo.db | into db | select a | from table_1 | collect",
             result: None,
         }]
     }

crates/nu-command/src/database/commands/command.rs

@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-use nu_engine::get_full_help;
-use nu_protocol::{
-    ast::Call,
-    engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
-    Category, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Value,
-};
-
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct Database;
-
-impl Command for Database {
-    fn name(&self) -> &str {
-        "db"
-    }
-
-    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
-        "Database commands"
-    }
-
-    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
-        Signature::build(self.name()).category(Category::Custom("database".into()))
-    }
-
-    fn run(
-        &self,
-        engine_state: &EngineState,
-        stack: &mut Stack,
-        call: &Call,
-        _input: PipelineData,
-    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
-        Ok(Value::String {
-            val: get_full_help(
-                &Database.signature(),
-                &Database.examples(),
-                engine_state,
-                stack,
-            ),
-            span: call.head,
-        }
-        .into_pipeline_data())
-    }
-}

crates/nu-command/src/database/commands/describe.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use nu_protocol::{
     ast::Call,
     engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
-    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature,
+    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Type, Value,
 };
 
 use super::super::SQLiteDatabase;
@@ -11,11 +11,14 @@ pub struct DescribeDb;
 
 impl Command for DescribeDb {
     fn name(&self) -> &str {
-        "db describe"
+        "describe"
     }
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
-        Signature::build(self.name()).category(Category::Custom("database".into()))
+        Signature::build(self.name())
+            .input_type(Type::Custom("database".into()))
+            .output_type(Type::Any)
+            .category(Category::Custom("database".into()))
     }
 
     fn usage(&self) -> &str {
@@ -25,13 +28,26 @@ impl Command for DescribeDb {
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
         vec![Example {
             description: "Describe SQLite database constructed query",
-            example: "db open foo.db | db select table_1 | db describe",
-            result: None,
+            example: "open foo.db | into db | select col_1 | from table_1 | describe",
+            result: Some(Value::Record {
+                cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
+                vals: vec![
+                    Value::String {
+                        val: "foo.db".into(),
+                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                    },
+                    Value::String {
+                        val: "SELECT col_1 FROM table_1".into(),
+                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                    },
+                ],
+                span: Span::test_data(),
+            }),
         }]
     }
 
     fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
-        vec!["database", "SQLite"]
+        vec!["database", "SQLite", "describe"]
     }
 
     fn run(
@@ -45,3 +61,19 @@ impl Command for DescribeDb {
         Ok(db.describe(call.head).into_pipeline_data())
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::super::{FromDb, ProjectionDb};
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::database::test_database::test_database;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        test_database(vec![
+            Box::new(DescribeDb {}),
+            Box::new(ProjectionDb {}),
+            Box::new(FromDb {}),
+        ])
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/database/commands/from.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::{
     ast::Call,
     engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
-    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, SyntaxShape, Value,
+    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape,
+    Type, Value,
 };
 use sqlparser::ast::{Ident, Query, Select, SetExpr, Statement, TableAlias, TableWithJoins};
 
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ pub struct FromDb;
 
 impl Command for FromDb {
     fn name(&self) -> &str {
-        "db from"
+        "from"
     }
 
     fn usage(&self) -> &str {
@@ -34,6 +35,8 @@ impl Command for FromDb {
                 "Alias for the selected table",
                 Some('a'),
             )
+            .input_type(Type::Custom("database".into()))
+            .output_type(Type::Custom("database".into()))
             .category(Category::Custom("database".into()))
     }
 
@@ -43,9 +46,22 @@ impl Command for FromDb {
 
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
         vec![Example {
-            description: "Selects table from database",
-            example: "db open db.mysql | db from table_a",
-            result: None,
+            description: "Selects a table from database",
+            example: "open db.mysql | into db | from table_a | describe",
+            result: Some(Value::Record {
+                cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
+                vals: vec![
+                    Value::String {
+                        val: "db.mysql".into(),
+                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                    },
+                    Value::String {
+                        val: "SELECT  FROM table_a".into(),
+                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                    },
+                ],
+                span: Span::test_data(),
+            }),
         }]
     }
 
@@ -180,3 +196,14 @@ fn create_table(
 
     Ok(table)
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::database::test_database::test_database;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        test_database(vec![Box::new(FromDb {})])
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/database/commands/function.rs

@@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
-use crate::database::values::dsl::ExprDb;
-use nu_engine::CallExt;
-use nu_protocol::{
-    ast::Call,
-    engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
-    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, SyntaxShape, Value,
-};
-use sqlparser::ast::{Expr, Function, FunctionArg, FunctionArgExpr, Ident, ObjectName};
-
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct FunctionExpr;
-
-impl Command for FunctionExpr {
-    fn name(&self) -> &str {
-        "db fn"
-    }
-
-    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
-        Signature::build(self.name())
-            .required("name", SyntaxShape::String, "function name")
-            .switch("distinct", "distict values", Some('d'))
-            .rest("arguments", SyntaxShape::Any, "function arguments")
-            .category(Category::Custom("database".into()))
-    }
-
-    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
-        "Creates function expression for a select operation"
-    }
-
-    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
-        vec![Example {
-            description: "Creates a function expression",
-            example: "db fn count name_1",
-            result: None,
-        }]
-    }
-
-    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
-        vec!["database", "function", "expression"]
-    }
-
-    fn run(
-        &self,
-        engine_state: &EngineState,
-        stack: &mut Stack,
-        call: &Call,
-        _input: PipelineData,
-    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
-        let name: String = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
-        let vals: Vec<Value> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 1)?;
-        let value = Value::List {
-            vals,
-            span: call.head,
-        };
-        let expressions = ExprDb::extract_exprs(value)?;
-
-        let name: Vec<Ident> = name
-            .split('.')
-            .map(|part| Ident {
-                value: part.to_string(),
-                quote_style: None,
-            })
-            .collect();
-        let name = ObjectName(name);
-
-        let args: Vec<FunctionArg> = expressions
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(|expr| {
-                let arg = FunctionArgExpr::Expr(expr);
-
-                FunctionArg::Unnamed(arg)
-            })
-            .collect();
-
-        let expression: ExprDb = Expr::Function(Function {
-            name,
-            args,
-            over: None,
-            distinct: call.has_flag("distinct"),
-        })
-        .into();
-
-        Ok(expression.into_value(call.head).into_pipeline_data())
-    }
-}

crates/nu-command/src/database/commands/group_by.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::{
     ast::Call,
     engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
-    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, SyntaxShape, Value,
+    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape,
+    Type, Value,
 };
 use sqlparser::ast::{SetExpr, Statement};
 
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ pub struct GroupByDb;
 
 impl Command for GroupByDb {
     fn name(&self) -> &str {
-        "db group-by"
+        "group-by"
     }
 
     fn usage(&self) -> &str {
@@ -28,6 +29,8 @@ impl Command for GroupByDb {
                 SyntaxShape::Any,
                 "Select expression(s) on the table",
             )
+            .input_type(Type::Custom("database".into()))
+            .output_type(Type::Custom("database".into()))
             .category(Category::Custom("database".into()))
     }
 
@@ -36,15 +39,54 @@ impl Command for GroupByDb {
     }
 
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
-        vec![Example {
-            description: "orders query by a column",
-            example: r#"db open db.mysql 
-    | db from table_a 
-    | db select a 
-    | db group-by a 
-    | db describe"#,
-            result: None,
-        }]
+        vec![
+            Example {
+                description: "groups by column a and calculates the max",
+                example: r#"open db.mysql
+    | into db
+    | from table_a
+    | select (fn max a)
+    | group-by a
+    | describe"#,
+                result: Some(Value::Record {
+                    cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
+                    vals: vec![
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: "db.mysql".into(),
+                            span: Span::test_data(),
+                        },
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: "SELECT max(a) FROM table_a GROUP BY a".into(),
+                            span: Span::test_data(),
+                        },
+                    ],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "groups by column column a and counts records",
+                example: r#"open db.mysql
+    | into db
+    | from table_a
+    | select (fn count *)
+    | group-by a
+    | describe"#,
+                result: Some(Value::Record {
+                    cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
+                    vals: vec![
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: "db.mysql".into(),
+                            span: Span::test_data(),
+                        },
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: "SELECT count(*) FROM table_a GROUP BY a".into(),
+                            span: Span::test_data(),
+                        },
+                    ],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+        ]
     }
 
     fn run(
@@ -100,3 +142,24 @@ impl Command for GroupByDb {
         Ok(db.into_value(call.head).into_pipeline_data())
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::super::super::expressions::{FieldExpr, FunctionExpr, OrExpr};
+    use super::super::{FromDb, ProjectionDb, WhereDb};
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::database::test_database::test_database;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        test_database(vec![
+            Box::new(GroupByDb {}),
+            Box::new(ProjectionDb {}),
+            Box::new(FunctionExpr {}),
+            Box::new(FromDb {}),
+            Box::new(WhereDb {}),
+            Box::new(FieldExpr {}),
+            Box::new(OrExpr {}),
+        ])
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/database/commands/join.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::{
     ast::Call,
     engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
-    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, SyntaxShape, Value,
+    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape,
+    Type, Value,
 };
 use sqlparser::ast::{
     Ident, Join, JoinConstraint, JoinOperator, Select, SetExpr, Statement, TableAlias,
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ pub struct JoinDb;
 
 impl Command for JoinDb {
     fn name(&self) -> &str {
-        "db join"
+        "join"
     }
 
     fn usage(&self) -> &str {
@@ -40,6 +41,8 @@ impl Command for JoinDb {
             .switch("right", "right outer join", Some('r'))
             .switch("outer", "full outer join", Some('o'))
             .switch("cross", "cross join", Some('c'))
+            .input_type(Type::Custom("database".into()))
+            .output_type(Type::Custom("database".into()))
             .category(Category::Custom("database".into()))
     }
 
@@ -48,11 +51,61 @@ impl Command for JoinDb {
     }
 
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
-        vec![Example {
-            description: "",
-            example: "",
-            result: None,
-        }]
+        vec![
+            Example {
+                description: "joins two tables on col_b",
+                example: r#"open db.mysql
+    | into db
+    | select col_a
+    | from table_1 --as t1
+    | join table_2 col_b --as t2
+    | describe"#,
+                result: Some(Value::Record {
+                    cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
+                    vals: vec![
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: "db.mysql".into(),
+                            span: Span::test_data(),
+                        },
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: "SELECT col_a FROM table_1 AS t1 JOIN table_2 AS t2 ON col_b"
+                                .into(),
+                            span: Span::test_data(),
+                        },
+                    ],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "joins a table with a derived table using aliases",
+                example: r#"open db.mysql
+    | into db
+    | select col_a
+    | from table_1 --as t1
+    | join (
+        open db.mysql
+        | into db
+        | select col_c
+        | from table_2
+      ) ((field t1.col_a) == (field t2.col_c)) --as t2 --right
+    | describe"#,
+                result: Some(Value::Record {
+                    cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
+                    vals: vec![
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: "db.mysql".into(),
+                            span: Span::test_data(),
+                        },
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: "SELECT col_a FROM table_1 AS t1 RIGHT JOIN (SELECT col_c FROM table_2) AS t2 ON t1.col_a = t2.col_c"
+                                .into(),
+                            span: Span::test_data(),
+                        },
+                    ],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+        ]
     }
 
     fn run(
@@ -176,3 +229,23 @@ fn modify_from(
         )),
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::super::super::expressions::{FieldExpr, OrExpr};
+    use super::super::{FromDb, ProjectionDb, WhereDb};
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::database::test_database::test_database;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        test_database(vec![
+            Box::new(JoinDb {}),
+            Box::new(ProjectionDb {}),
+            Box::new(FromDb {}),
+            Box::new(WhereDb {}),
+            Box::new(FieldExpr {}),
+            Box::new(OrExpr {}),
+        ])
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/database/commands/limit.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::{
     ast::Call,
     engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
-    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, SyntaxShape, Value,
+    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape,
+    Type, Value,
 };
 use sqlparser::ast::Statement;
 
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ pub struct LimitDb;
 
 impl Command for LimitDb {
     fn name(&self) -> &str {
-        "db limit"
+        "limit"
     }
 
     fn usage(&self) -> &str {
@@ -27,6 +28,8 @@ impl Command for LimitDb {
                 SyntaxShape::Int,
                 "Number of rows to extract for query",
             )
+            .input_type(Type::Custom("database".into()))
+            .output_type(Type::Custom("database".into()))
             .category(Category::Custom("database".into()))
     }
 
@@ -37,12 +40,26 @@ impl Command for LimitDb {
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
         vec![Example {
             description: "Limits selection from table",
-            example: r#"db open db.mysql 
-    | db from table_a 
-    | db select a 
-    | db limit 10 
-    | db describe"#,
-            result: None,
+            example: r#"open db.mysql
+    | into db
+    | from table_a
+    | select a
+    | limit 10
+    | describe"#,
+            result: Some(Value::Record {
+                cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
+                vals: vec![
+                    Value::String {
+                        val: "db.mysql".into(),
+                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                    },
+                    Value::String {
+                        val: "SELECT a FROM table_a LIMIT 10".into(),
+                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                    },
+                ],
+                span: Span::test_data(),
+            }),
         }]
     }
 
@@ -84,3 +101,23 @@ impl Command for LimitDb {
         Ok(db.into_value(call.head).into_pipeline_data())
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::super::super::expressions::{FieldExpr, OrExpr};
+    use super::super::{FromDb, ProjectionDb, WhereDb};
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::database::test_database::test_database;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        test_database(vec![
+            Box::new(LimitDb {}),
+            Box::new(ProjectionDb {}),
+            Box::new(FromDb {}),
+            Box::new(WhereDb {}),
+            Box::new(FieldExpr {}),
+            Box::new(OrExpr {}),
+        ])
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/database/commands/mod.rs

@@ -3,22 +3,19 @@ pub mod conversions;
 
 mod alias;
 mod and;
-mod col;
 mod collect;
-mod command;
 mod describe;
 mod from;
-mod function;
 mod group_by;
 mod join;
 mod limit;
 mod open;
 mod or;
 mod order_by;
-mod over;
 mod query;
 mod schema;
 mod select;
+mod to_db;
 mod where_;
 
 // Temporal module to create Query objects
@@ -27,27 +24,24 @@ use testing::TestingDb;
 
 use nu_protocol::engine::StateWorkingSet;
 
-use alias::AliasExpr;
+use alias::AliasDb;
 use and::AndDb;
-use col::ColExpr;
 use collect::CollectDb;
-use command::Database;
-use describe::DescribeDb;
-use from::FromDb;
-use function::FunctionExpr;
+pub(crate) use describe::DescribeDb;
+pub(crate) use from::FromDb;
 use group_by::GroupByDb;
 use join::JoinDb;
 use limit::LimitDb;
 use open::OpenDb;
 use or::OrDb;
 use order_by::OrderByDb;
-use over::OverExpr;
 use query::QueryDb;
 use schema::SchemaDb;
-use select::ProjectionDb;
+pub(crate) use select::ProjectionDb;
+pub(crate) use to_db::ToDataBase;
 use where_::WhereDb;
 
-pub fn add_database_decls(working_set: &mut StateWorkingSet) {
+pub fn add_commands_decls(working_set: &mut StateWorkingSet) {
     macro_rules! bind_command {
             ( $command:expr ) => {
                 working_set.add_decl(Box::new($command));
@@ -59,21 +53,18 @@ pub fn add_database_decls(working_set: &mut StateWorkingSet) {
 
     // Series commands
     bind_command!(
-        AliasExpr,
+        ToDataBase,
+        AliasDb,
         AndDb,
-        ColExpr,
         CollectDb,
-        Database,
         DescribeDb,
         FromDb,
-        FunctionExpr,
         GroupByDb,
         JoinDb,
         LimitDb,
         OpenDb,
         OrderByDb,
         OrDb,
-        OverExpr,
         QueryDb,
         ProjectionDb,
         SchemaDb,

crates/nu-command/src/database/commands/open.rs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ use nu_protocol::{
     ast::Call,
     engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
     Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Spanned, SyntaxShape,
+    Type,
 };
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 
@@ -12,12 +13,14 @@ pub struct OpenDb;
 
 impl Command for OpenDb {
     fn name(&self) -> &str {
-        "db open"
+        "open-db"
     }
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build(self.name())
             .required("query", SyntaxShape::Filepath, "SQLite file to be opened")
+            .input_type(Type::Any)
+            .output_type(Type::Custom("database".into()))
             .category(Category::Custom("database".into()))
     }
 
@@ -31,8 +34,8 @@ impl Command for OpenDb {
 
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
         vec![Example {
-            description: "Open a sqlite file",
-            example: r#"db open file.sqlite"#,
+            description: "Creates a connection to a sqlite database based on the file name",
+            example: r#"open-db file.sqlite"#,
             result: None,
         }]
     }

crates/nu-command/src/database/commands/or.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use nu_protocol::{
     ast::Call,
     engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
     Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape,
-    Value,
+    Type, Value,
 };
 use sqlparser::ast::{BinaryOperator, Expr, Query, Select, SetExpr, Statement};
 
@@ -15,16 +15,18 @@ pub struct OrDb;
 
 impl Command for OrDb {
     fn name(&self) -> &str {
-        "db or"
+        "or"
     }
 
     fn usage(&self) -> &str {
-        "Includes an OR clause for a query or expression"
+        "Includes an OR clause for a query"
     }
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build(self.name())
             .required("where", SyntaxShape::Any, "Where expression on the table")
+            .input_type(Type::Custom("database".into()))
+            .output_type(Type::Custom("database".into()))
             .category(Category::Custom("database".into()))
     }
 
@@ -35,23 +37,52 @@ impl Command for OrDb {
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
         vec![
             Example {
-                description: "selects a column from a database with a where clause",
-                example: r#"db open db.mysql 
-    | db select a 
-    | db from table_1 
-    | db where ((db col a) > 1) 
-    | db or ((db col b) == 1) 
-    | db describe"#,
-                result: None,
+                description: "selects a column from a database with an OR clause",
+                example: r#"open db.mysql
+    | into db
+    | select a
+    | from table_1
+    | where ((field a) > 1)
+    | or ((field b) == 1)
+    | describe"#,
+                result: Some(Value::Record {
+                    cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
+                    vals: vec![
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: "db.mysql".into(),
+                            span: Span::test_data(),
+                        },
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: "SELECT a FROM table_1 WHERE a > 1 OR b = 1".into(),
+                            span: Span::test_data(),
+                        },
+                    ],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
             },
             Example {
-                description: "Creates a nested where clause",
-                example: r#"db open db.mysql 
-    | db select a 
-    | db from table_1 
-    | db where ((db col a) > 1 | db or ((db col a) < 10)) 
-    | db describe"#,
-                result: None,
+                description: "Creates an OR clause in the column names and a column",
+                example: r#"open db.mysql
+    | into db
+    | select a
+    | from table_1
+    | where ((field a) > 1 | or ((field a) < 10))
+    | or ((field b) == 1)
+    | describe"#,
+                result: Some(Value::Record {
+                    cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
+                    vals: vec![
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: "db.mysql".into(),
+                            span: Span::test_data(),
+                        },
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: "SELECT a FROM table_1 WHERE (a > 1 OR a < 10) OR b = 1".into(),
+                            span: Span::test_data(),
+                        },
+                    ],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
             },
         ]
     }
@@ -66,51 +97,32 @@ impl Command for OrDb {
         let value: Value = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
         let expr = ExprDb::try_from_value(&value)?.into_native();
 
-        let value = input.into_value(call.head);
-        if let Ok(expression) = ExprDb::try_from_value(&value) {
-            let expression = Expr::BinaryOp {
-                left: Box::new(expression.into_native()),
-                op: BinaryOperator::Or,
-                right: Box::new(expr),
-            };
-
-            let expression: ExprDb = Expr::Nested(Box::new(expression)).into();
-
-            Ok(expression.into_value(call.head).into_pipeline_data())
-        } else if let Ok(mut db) = SQLiteDatabase::try_from_value(value.clone()) {
-            match db.statement {
-                Some(ref mut statement) => match statement {
-                    Statement::Query(query) => modify_query(query, expr, call.head)?,
-                    s => {
-                        return Err(ShellError::GenericError(
-                            "Connection doesnt define a query".into(),
-                            format!("Expected a connection with query. Got {}", s),
-                            Some(call.head),
-                            None,
-                            Vec::new(),
-                        ))
-                    }
-                },
-                None => {
+        let mut db = SQLiteDatabase::try_from_pipeline(input, call.head)?;
+        match db.statement {
+            Some(ref mut statement) => match statement {
+                Statement::Query(query) => modify_query(query, expr, call.head)?,
+                s => {
                     return Err(ShellError::GenericError(
-                        "Connection without statement".into(),
-                        "The connection needs a statement defined".into(),
+                        "Connection doesnt define a query".into(),
+                        format!("Expected a connection with query. Got {}", s),
                         Some(call.head),
                         None,
                         Vec::new(),
                     ))
                 }
-            };
+            },
+            None => {
+                return Err(ShellError::GenericError(
+                    "Connection without statement".into(),
+                    "The connection needs a statement defined".into(),
+                    Some(call.head),
+                    None,
+                    Vec::new(),
+                ))
+            }
+        };
 
-            Ok(db.into_value(call.head).into_pipeline_data())
-        } else {
-            Err(ShellError::CantConvert(
-                "expression or query".into(),
-                value.get_type().to_string(),
-                value.span()?,
-                None,
-            ))
-        }
+        Ok(db.into_value(call.head).into_pipeline_data())
     }
 }
 
@@ -150,3 +162,23 @@ fn modify_select(select: &mut Box<Select>, expression: Expr, span: Span) -> Resu
     select.as_mut().selection = Some(new_expression);
     Ok(())
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::super::super::expressions::{FieldExpr, OrExpr};
+    use super::super::{FromDb, ProjectionDb, WhereDb};
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::database::test_database::test_database;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        test_database(vec![
+            Box::new(OrDb {}),
+            Box::new(ProjectionDb {}),
+            Box::new(FromDb {}),
+            Box::new(WhereDb {}),
+            Box::new(FieldExpr {}),
+            Box::new(OrExpr {}),
+        ])
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/database/commands/order_by.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::{
     ast::Call,
     engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
-    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, SyntaxShape, Value,
+    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape,
+    Type, Value,
 };
 use sqlparser::ast::{Expr, OrderByExpr, Statement};
 
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ pub struct OrderByDb;
 
 impl Command for OrderByDb {
     fn name(&self) -> &str {
-        "db order-by"
+        "order-by"
     }
 
     fn usage(&self) -> &str {
@@ -30,23 +31,65 @@ impl Command for OrderByDb {
                 SyntaxShape::Any,
                 "Select expression(s) on the table",
             )
+            .input_type(Type::Custom("database".into()))
+            .output_type(Type::Custom("database".into()))
             .category(Category::Custom("database".into()))
     }
 
     fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
-        vec!["database", "select"]
+        vec!["database", "order-by"]
     }
 
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
-        vec![Example {
-            description: "orders query by a column",
-            example: r#"db open db.mysql
-    | db from table_a
-    | db select a
-    | db order-by a
-    | db describe"#,
-            result: None,
-        }]
+        vec![
+            Example {
+                description: "orders query by a column",
+                example: r#"open db.mysql
+    | into db
+    | from table_a
+    | select a
+    | order-by a
+    | describe"#,
+                result: Some(Value::Record {
+                    cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
+                    vals: vec![
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: "db.mysql".into(),
+                            span: Span::test_data(),
+                        },
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: "SELECT a FROM table_a ORDER BY a".into(),
+                            span: Span::test_data(),
+                        },
+                    ],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "orders query by column a ascending and by column b",
+                example: r#"open db.mysql
+    | into db
+    | from table_a
+    | select a
+    | order-by a --ascending
+    | order-by b
+    | describe"#,
+                result: Some(Value::Record {
+                    cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
+                    vals: vec![
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: "db.mysql".into(),
+                            span: Span::test_data(),
+                        },
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: "SELECT a FROM table_a ORDER BY a ASC, b".into(),
+                            span: Span::test_data(),
+                        },
+                    ],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+        ]
     }
 
     fn run(
@@ -155,3 +198,23 @@ fn update_connection(
 
     Ok(db.into_value(call.head).into_pipeline_data())
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::super::super::expressions::{FieldExpr, OrExpr};
+    use super::super::{FromDb, ProjectionDb, WhereDb};
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::database::test_database::test_database;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        test_database(vec![
+            Box::new(OrderByDb {}),
+            Box::new(ProjectionDb {}),
+            Box::new(FromDb {}),
+            Box::new(WhereDb {}),
+            Box::new(FieldExpr {}),
+            Box::new(OrExpr {}),
+        ])
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/database/commands/over.rs

@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-use crate::database::values::dsl::ExprDb;
-use nu_engine::CallExt;
-use nu_protocol::{
-    ast::Call,
-    engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
-    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, SyntaxShape, Value,
-};
-use sqlparser::ast::{Expr, WindowSpec};
-
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct OverExpr;
-
-impl Command for OverExpr {
-    fn name(&self) -> &str {
-        "db over"
-    }
-
-    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
-        Signature::build(self.name())
-            .rest(
-                "partition-by",
-                SyntaxShape::Any,
-                "columns to partition the window function",
-            )
-            .category(Category::Custom("database".into()))
-    }
-
-    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
-        "Adds a partition to an expression function"
-    }
-
-    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
-        vec![Example {
-            description: "Adds a partition to a function expresssion",
-            example: "db function avg col_a | db over col_b",
-            result: None,
-        }]
-    }
-
-    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
-        vec!["database", "column", "expression"]
-    }
-
-    fn run(
-        &self,
-        engine_state: &EngineState,
-        stack: &mut Stack,
-        call: &Call,
-        input: PipelineData,
-    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
-        let vals: Vec<Value> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
-        let value = Value::List {
-            vals,
-            span: call.head,
-        };
-        let partitions = ExprDb::extract_exprs(value)?;
-
-        let mut expression = ExprDb::try_from_pipeline(input, call.head)?;
-        match expression.as_mut() {
-            Expr::Function(function) => {
-                function.over = Some(WindowSpec {
-                    partition_by: partitions,
-                    order_by: Vec::new(),
-                    window_frame: None,
-                });
-            }
-            s => {
-                return Err(ShellError::GenericError(
-                    "Expression doesnt define a function".into(),
-                    format!("Expected an expression with a function. Got {}", s),
-                    Some(call.head),
-                    None,
-                    Vec::new(),
-                ))
-            }
-        };
-
-        Ok(expression.into_value(call.head).into_pipeline_data())
-    }
-}

crates/nu-command/src/database/commands/query.rs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ use nu_protocol::{
     ast::Call,
     engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
     Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Spanned, SyntaxShape,
+    Type,
 };
 
 use super::super::SQLiteDatabase;
@@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ pub struct QueryDb;
 
 impl Command for QueryDb {
     fn name(&self) -> &str {
-        "db query"
+        "query"
     }
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
@@ -22,6 +23,8 @@ impl Command for QueryDb {
                 SyntaxShape::String,
                 "SQL to execute against the database",
             )
+            .input_type(Type::Custom("database".into()))
+            .output_type(Type::Any)
             .category(Category::Custom("database".into()))
     }
 
@@ -31,8 +34,8 @@ impl Command for QueryDb {
 
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
         vec![Example {
-            description: "Get 1 table out of a SQLite database",
-            example: r#"db open foo.db | db query "SELECT * FROM Bar""#,
+            description: "Execute a query statement using the database connection",
+            example: r#"open foo.db | into db | query "SELECT * FROM Bar""#,
             result: None,
         }]
     }

crates/nu-command/src/database/commands/schema.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use crate::database::values::definitions::{db::Db, db_row::DbRow, db_table::DbTa
 use nu_protocol::{
     ast::Call,
     engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
-    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Value,
+    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Type, Value,
 };
 use rusqlite::Connection;
 #[derive(Clone)]
@@ -11,21 +11,24 @@ pub struct SchemaDb;
 
 impl Command for SchemaDb {
     fn name(&self) -> &str {
-        "db schema"
+        "schema"
     }
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
-        Signature::build(self.name()).category(Category::Custom("database".into()))
+        Signature::build(self.name())
+            .input_type(Type::Custom("database".into()))
+            .output_type(Type::Any)
+            .category(Category::Custom("database".into()))
     }
 
     fn usage(&self) -> &str {
-        "Show database information, including its schema."
+        "Show sqlite database information, including its schema."
     }
 
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
         vec![Example {
             description: "Show the schema of a SQLite database",
-            example: r#"open foo.db | db schema"#,
+            example: r#"open foo.db | into db | schema"#,
             result: None,
         }]
     }

crates/nu-command/src/database/commands/select.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use nu_protocol::{
     ast::Call,
     engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
     Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape,
-    Value,
+    Type, Value,
 };
 use sqlparser::ast::{Query, Select, SelectItem, SetExpr, Statement};
 
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ pub struct ProjectionDb;
 
 impl Command for ProjectionDb {
     fn name(&self) -> &str {
-        "db select"
+        "select"
     }
 
     fn usage(&self) -> &str {
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ impl Command for ProjectionDb {
                 SyntaxShape::Any,
                 "Select expression(s) on the table",
             )
+            .input_type(Type::Custom("database".into()))
+            .output_type(Type::Custom("database".into()))
             .category(Category::Custom("database".into()))
     }
 
@@ -38,13 +40,43 @@ impl Command for ProjectionDb {
         vec![
             Example {
                 description: "selects a column from a database",
-                example: "db open db.mysql | db select a | db describe",
-                result: None,
+                example: "open db.mysql | into db | select a | describe",
+                result: Some(Value::Record {
+                    cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
+                    vals: vec![
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: "db.mysql".into(),
+                            span: Span::test_data(),
+                        },
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: "SELECT a".into(),
+                            span: Span::test_data(),
+                        },
+                    ],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
             },
             Example {
-                description: "selects columns from a database",
-                example: "db open db.mysql | db select a b c | db describe",
-                result: None,
+                description: "selects columns from a database using alias",
+                example: r#"open db.mysql
+    | into db
+    | select (field a | as new_a) b c
+    | from table_1
+    | describe"#,
+                result: Some(Value::Record {
+                    cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
+                    vals: vec![
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: "db.mysql".into(),
+                            span: Span::test_data(),
+                        },
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: "SELECT a AS new_a, b, c FROM table_1".into(),
+                            span: Span::test_data(),
+                        },
+                    ],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
             },
         ]
     }
@@ -104,7 +136,7 @@ fn modify_statement(
             Ok(statement)
         }
         s => Err(ShellError::GenericError(
-            "Connection doesnt define a statement".into(),
+            "Connection doesn't define a statement".into(),
             format!("Expected a connection with query. Got {}", s),
             Some(span),
             None,
@@ -129,3 +161,21 @@ fn create_select(projection: Vec<SelectItem>) -> Select {
         having: None,
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::super::super::expressions::{AliasExpr, FieldExpr};
+    use super::super::FromDb;
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::database::test_database::test_database;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        test_database(vec![
+            Box::new(ProjectionDb {}),
+            Box::new(FromDb {}),
+            Box::new(FieldExpr {}),
+            Box::new(AliasExpr {}),
+        ])
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/database/commands/testing.rs

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ pub struct TestingDb;
 
 impl Command for TestingDb {
     fn name(&self) -> &str {
-        "db testing"
+        "testing-db"
     }
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ impl Command for TestingDb {
     }
 
     fn usage(&self) -> &str {
-        "Create query object"
+        "Temporal Command: Create query object"
     }
 
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {

crates/nu-command/src/database/commands/to_db.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+use super::super::SQLiteDatabase;
+
+use nu_protocol::{
+    ast::Call,
+    engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
+    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Type,
+};
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct ToDataBase;
+
+impl Command for ToDataBase {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "into db"
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Converts into an open db connection"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build(self.name())
+            .input_type(Type::Any)
+            .output_type(Type::Custom("database".into()))
+            .category(Category::Custom("database".into()))
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["database", "into", "db"]
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![Example {
+            description: "Converts an open file into a db object",
+            example: "open db.mysql | into db",
+            result: None,
+        }]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        _engine_state: &EngineState,
+        _stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
+        let db = SQLiteDatabase::try_from_pipeline(input, call.head)?;
+        Ok(db.into_value(call.head).into_pipeline_data())
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/database/commands/where_.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::{
     ast::Call,
     engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
-    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, SyntaxShape, Value,
+    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape,
+    Type, Value,
 };
 use sqlparser::ast::{Expr, Query, Select, SetExpr, Statement};
 
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ pub struct WhereDb;
 
 impl Command for WhereDb {
     fn name(&self) -> &str {
-        "db where"
+        "where"
     }
 
     fn usage(&self) -> &str {
@@ -24,6 +25,8 @@ impl Command for WhereDb {
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build(self.name())
             .required("where", SyntaxShape::Any, "Where expression on the table")
+            .input_type(Type::Custom("database".into()))
+            .output_type(Type::Custom("database".into()))
             .category(Category::Custom("database".into()))
     }
 
@@ -34,12 +37,26 @@ impl Command for WhereDb {
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
         vec![Example {
             description: "selects a column from a database with a where clause",
-            example: r#"db open db.mysql 
-    | db select a 
-    | db from table_1 
-    | db where ((db col a) > 1) 
-    | db describe"#,
-            result: None,
+            example: r#"open db.mysql
+    | into db
+    | select a
+    | from table_1
+    | where ((field a) > 1)
+    | describe"#,
+            result: Some(Value::Record {
+                cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
+                vals: vec![
+                    Value::String {
+                        val: "db.mysql".into(),
+                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                    },
+                    Value::String {
+                        val: "SELECT a FROM table_1 WHERE a > 1".into(),
+                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                    },
+                ],
+                span: Span::test_data(),
+            }),
         }]
     }
 
@@ -111,3 +128,23 @@ fn create_select(expression: Expr) -> Select {
         having: None,
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::super::super::expressions::{FieldExpr, OrExpr};
+    use super::super::{FromDb, ProjectionDb};
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::database::test_database::test_database;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        test_database(vec![
+            Box::new(WhereDb {}),
+            Box::new(ProjectionDb {}),
+            Box::new(FromDb {}),
+            Box::new(WhereDb {}),
+            Box::new(FieldExpr {}),
+            Box::new(OrExpr {}),
+        ])
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/database/expressions/alias.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+use crate::database::values::dsl::{ExprDb, SelectDb};
+use nu_engine::CallExt;
+use nu_protocol::{
+    ast::Call,
+    engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
+    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape,
+    Type, Value,
+};
+use sqlparser::ast::{Ident, SelectItem};
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct AliasExpr;
+
+impl Command for AliasExpr {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "as"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build(self.name())
+            .required("alias", SyntaxShape::String, "alias name")
+            .input_type(Type::Custom("db-expression".into()))
+            .output_type(Type::Custom("db-expression".into()))
+            .category(Category::Custom("db-expression".into()))
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Creates an alias for a column selection"
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![Example {
+            description: "Creates an alias for a column selection",
+            example: "field name_a | as new_a | into nu",
+            result: Some(Value::Record {
+                cols: vec!["expression".into(), "alias".into()],
+                vals: vec![
+                    Value::Record {
+                        cols: vec!["value".into(), "quoted_style".into()],
+                        vals: vec![
+                            Value::String {
+                                val: "name_a".into(),
+                                span: Span::test_data(),
+                            },
+                            Value::String {
+                                val: "None".into(),
+                                span: Span::test_data(),
+                            },
+                        ],
+                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                    },
+                    Value::Record {
+                        cols: vec!["value".into(), "quoted_style".into()],
+                        vals: vec![
+                            Value::String {
+                                val: "new_a".into(),
+                                span: Span::test_data(),
+                            },
+                            Value::String {
+                                val: "None".into(),
+                                span: Span::test_data(),
+                            },
+                        ],
+                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                    },
+                ],
+                span: Span::test_data(),
+            }),
+        }]
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["database", "alias", "column"]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
+        let alias: String = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+
+        let value = input.into_value(call.head);
+        if let Ok(expr) = ExprDb::try_from_value(&value) {
+            alias_selection(expr.into_native().into(), alias, call)
+        } else {
+            let select = SelectDb::try_from_value(&value)?;
+            alias_selection(select, alias, call)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn alias_selection(
+    select: SelectDb,
+    alias: String,
+    call: &Call,
+) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
+    let select = match select.into_native() {
+        SelectItem::UnnamedExpr(expr) => SelectItem::ExprWithAlias {
+            expr,
+            alias: Ident {
+                value: alias,
+                quote_style: None,
+            },
+        },
+        SelectItem::ExprWithAlias { expr, .. } => SelectItem::ExprWithAlias {
+            expr,
+            alias: Ident {
+                value: alias,
+                quote_style: None,
+            },
+        },
+        select => select,
+    };
+
+    let select: SelectDb = select.into();
+    Ok(select.into_value(call.head).into_pipeline_data())
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::super::FieldExpr;
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::database::test_database::test_database;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        test_database(vec![Box::new(AliasExpr {}), Box::new(FieldExpr {})])
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/database/expressions/and.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+use crate::database::values::dsl::ExprDb;
+
+use nu_engine::CallExt;
+use nu_protocol::{
+    ast::Call,
+    engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
+    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape,
+    Type, Value,
+};
+use sqlparser::ast::{BinaryOperator, Expr};
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct AndExpr;
+
+impl Command for AndExpr {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "and"
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Includes an AND clause for an expression"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build(self.name())
+            .required("and", SyntaxShape::Any, "AND expression")
+            .input_type(Type::Custom("db-expression".into()))
+            .output_type(Type::Custom("db-expression".into()))
+            .category(Category::Custom("db-expression".into()))
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["database", "and", "expression"]
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![Example {
+            description: "Creates an AND expression",
+            example: r#"(field a) > 1 | and ((field a) < 10) | into nu"#,
+            result: Some(Value::Record {
+                cols: vec!["left".into(), "op".into(), "right".into()],
+                vals: vec![
+                    Value::Record {
+                        cols: vec!["left".into(), "op".into(), "right".into()],
+                        vals: vec![
+                            Value::Record {
+                                cols: vec!["value".into(), "quoted_style".into()],
+                                vals: vec![
+                                    Value::String {
+                                        val: "a".into(),
+                                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                                    },
+                                    Value::String {
+                                        val: "None".into(),
+                                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                                    },
+                                ],
+                                span: Span::test_data(),
+                            },
+                            Value::String {
+                                val: ">".into(),
+                                span: Span::test_data(),
+                            },
+                            Value::String {
+                                val: "1".into(),
+                                span: Span::test_data(),
+                            },
+                        ],
+                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                    },
+                    Value::String {
+                        val: "AND".into(),
+                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                    },
+                    Value::Record {
+                        cols: vec!["left".into(), "op".into(), "right".into()],
+                        vals: vec![
+                            Value::Record {
+                                cols: vec!["value".into(), "quoted_style".into()],
+                                vals: vec![
+                                    Value::String {
+                                        val: "a".into(),
+                                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                                    },
+                                    Value::String {
+                                        val: "None".into(),
+                                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                                    },
+                                ],
+                                span: Span::test_data(),
+                            },
+                            Value::String {
+                                val: "<".into(),
+                                span: Span::test_data(),
+                            },
+                            Value::String {
+                                val: "10".into(),
+                                span: Span::test_data(),
+                            },
+                        ],
+                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                    },
+                ],
+                span: Span::test_data(),
+            }),
+        }]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
+        let value: Value = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        let expr = ExprDb::try_from_value(&value)?.into_native();
+
+        let expression = ExprDb::try_from_pipeline(input, call.head)?;
+        let expression = Expr::BinaryOp {
+            left: Box::new(expression.into_native()),
+            op: BinaryOperator::And,
+            right: Box::new(expr),
+        };
+
+        let expression: ExprDb = Expr::Nested(Box::new(expression)).into();
+        Ok(expression.into_value(call.head).into_pipeline_data())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::super::FieldExpr;
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::database::test_database::test_database;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        test_database(vec![Box::new(AndExpr {}), Box::new(FieldExpr {})])
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/database/expressions/as_nu.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+use crate::database::values::dsl::{ExprDb, SelectDb};
+
+use nu_protocol::{
+    ast::Call,
+    engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
+    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Type, Value,
+};
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct ExprAsNu;
+
+impl Command for ExprAsNu {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "into nu"
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Convert a db expression into a nu value for access and exploration"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build(self.name())
+            .input_type(Type::Custom("db-expression".into()))
+            .output_type(Type::Any)
+            .category(Category::Custom("db-expression".into()))
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![Example {
+            description: "Convert a col expression into a nushell value",
+            example: "field name_1 | into nu",
+            result: Some(Value::Record {
+                cols: vec!["value".into(), "quoted_style".into()],
+                vals: vec![
+                    Value::String {
+                        val: "name_1".into(),
+                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                    },
+                    Value::String {
+                        val: "None".into(),
+                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                    },
+                ],
+                span: Span::test_data(),
+            }),
+        }]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        _engine_state: &EngineState,
+        _stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
+        let value = input.into_value(call.head);
+        if let Ok(expr) = ExprDb::try_from_value(&value) {
+            Ok(expr.to_value(call.head).into_pipeline_data())
+        } else {
+            let select = SelectDb::try_from_value(&value)?;
+            Ok(select.to_value(call.head).into_pipeline_data())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::super::FieldExpr;
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::database::test_database::test_database;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        test_database(vec![Box::new(ExprAsNu {}), Box::new(FieldExpr {})])
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/database/expressions/field.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+use crate::database::values::dsl::ExprDb;
+use nu_engine::CallExt;
+use nu_protocol::{
+    ast::Call,
+    engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
+    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape,
+    Type, Value,
+};
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct FieldExpr;
+
+impl Command for FieldExpr {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "field"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build(self.name())
+            .required("name", SyntaxShape::String, "column name")
+            .input_type(Type::Any)
+            .output_type(Type::Custom("db-expression".into()))
+            .category(Category::Custom("db-expression".into()))
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Creates column expression for database"
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["database", "column", "expression"]
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![Example {
+            description: "Creates a named field expression",
+            example: "field name_1 | into nu",
+            result: Some(Value::Record {
+                cols: vec!["value".into(), "quoted_style".into()],
+                vals: vec![
+                    Value::String {
+                        val: "name_1".into(),
+                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                    },
+                    Value::String {
+                        val: "None".into(),
+                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                    },
+                ],
+                span: Span::test_data(),
+            }),
+        }]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        _input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
+        let value: Value = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        let expression = ExprDb::try_from_value(&value)?;
+
+        Ok(expression.into_value(call.head).into_pipeline_data())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::database::test_database::test_database;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        test_database(vec![Box::new(FieldExpr {})])
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/database/expressions/function.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+use crate::database::values::dsl::ExprDb;
+use nu_engine::CallExt;
+use nu_protocol::{
+    ast::Call,
+    engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
+    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape,
+    Type, Value,
+};
+use sqlparser::ast::{Expr, Function, FunctionArg, FunctionArgExpr, Ident, ObjectName};
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct FunctionExpr;
+
+impl Command for FunctionExpr {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "fn"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build(self.name())
+            .required("name", SyntaxShape::String, "function name")
+            .switch("distinct", "distict values", Some('d'))
+            .rest("arguments", SyntaxShape::Any, "function arguments")
+            .input_type(Type::Any)
+            .output_type(Type::Custom("db-expression".into()))
+            .category(Category::Custom("db-expression".into()))
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Creates function expression for a select operation"
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![
+            Example {
+                description: "Creates a function expression",
+                example: "fn count name_1 | into nu",
+                result: Some(Value::Record {
+                    cols: vec![
+                        "name".into(),
+                        "args".into(),
+                        "over".into(),
+                        "distinct".into(),
+                    ],
+                    vals: vec![
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: "count".into(),
+                            span: Span::test_data(),
+                        },
+                        Value::List {
+                            vals: vec![Value::String {
+                                val: "name_1".into(),
+                                span: Span::test_data(),
+                            }],
+                            span: Span::test_data(),
+                        },
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: "None".into(),
+                            span: Span::test_data(),
+                        },
+                        Value::Bool {
+                            val: false,
+                            span: Span::test_data(),
+                        },
+                    ],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "orders query by a column",
+                example: r#"open db.mysql
+    | into db
+    | select (fn lead col_a)
+    | from table_a
+    | describe"#,
+                result: Some(Value::Record {
+                    cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
+                    vals: vec![
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: "db.mysql".into(),
+                            span: Span::test_data(),
+                        },
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: "SELECT lead(col_a) FROM table_a".into(),
+                            span: Span::test_data(),
+                        },
+                    ],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+        ]
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["database", "function", "expression"]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        _input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
+        let name: String = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        let vals: Vec<Value> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 1)?;
+        let value = Value::List {
+            vals,
+            span: call.head,
+        };
+        let expressions = ExprDb::extract_exprs(value)?;
+
+        let name: Vec<Ident> = name
+            .split('.')
+            .map(|part| Ident {
+                value: part.to_string(),
+                quote_style: None,
+            })
+            .collect();
+        let name = ObjectName(name);
+
+        let args: Vec<FunctionArg> = expressions
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|expr| {
+                let arg = FunctionArgExpr::Expr(expr);
+
+                FunctionArg::Unnamed(arg)
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        let expression: ExprDb = Expr::Function(Function {
+            name,
+            args,
+            over: None,
+            distinct: call.has_flag("distinct"),
+        })
+        .into();
+
+        Ok(expression.into_value(call.head).into_pipeline_data())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::super::super::commands::{FromDb, ProjectionDb};
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::database::test_database::test_database;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        test_database(vec![
+            Box::new(FunctionExpr {}),
+            Box::new(ProjectionDb {}),
+            Box::new(FromDb {}),
+        ])
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/database/expressions/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Conversions between value and sqlparser objects
+mod alias;
+mod and;
+mod as_nu;
+mod field;
+mod function;
+mod or;
+mod over;
+
+use nu_protocol::engine::StateWorkingSet;
+
+pub(crate) use alias::AliasExpr;
+pub(crate) use and::AndExpr;
+pub(crate) use as_nu::ExprAsNu;
+pub(crate) use field::FieldExpr;
+pub(crate) use function::FunctionExpr;
+pub(crate) use or::OrExpr;
+pub(crate) use over::OverExpr;
+
+pub fn add_expressions_decls(working_set: &mut StateWorkingSet) {
+    macro_rules! bind_command {
+            ( $command:expr ) => {
+                working_set.add_decl(Box::new($command));
+            };
+            ( $( $command:expr ),* ) => {
+                $( working_set.add_decl(Box::new($command)); )*
+            };
+        }
+
+    // Series commands
+    bind_command!(
+        ExprAsNu,
+        AliasExpr,
+        AndExpr,
+        FieldExpr,
+        FunctionExpr,
+        OrExpr,
+        OverExpr
+    );
+}

crates/nu-command/src/database/expressions/or.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+use crate::database::values::dsl::ExprDb;
+
+use nu_engine::CallExt;
+use nu_protocol::{
+    ast::Call,
+    engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
+    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape,
+    Type, Value,
+};
+use sqlparser::ast::{BinaryOperator, Expr};
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct OrExpr;
+
+impl Command for OrExpr {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "or"
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Includes an OR clause for an expression"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build(self.name())
+            .required("or", SyntaxShape::Any, "OR expression")
+            .input_type(Type::Custom("db-expression".into()))
+            .output_type(Type::Custom("db-expression".into()))
+            .category(Category::Custom("db-expression".into()))
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["database", "or", "expression"]
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![Example {
+            description: "Creates an AND expression",
+            example: r#"(field a) > 1 | or ((field a) < 10) | into nu"#,
+            result: Some(Value::Record {
+                cols: vec!["left".into(), "op".into(), "right".into()],
+                vals: vec![
+                    Value::Record {
+                        cols: vec!["left".into(), "op".into(), "right".into()],
+                        vals: vec![
+                            Value::Record {
+                                cols: vec!["value".into(), "quoted_style".into()],
+                                vals: vec![
+                                    Value::String {
+                                        val: "a".into(),
+                                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                                    },
+                                    Value::String {
+                                        val: "None".into(),
+                                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                                    },
+                                ],
+                                span: Span::test_data(),
+                            },
+                            Value::String {
+                                val: ">".into(),
+                                span: Span::test_data(),
+                            },
+                            Value::String {
+                                val: "1".into(),
+                                span: Span::test_data(),
+                            },
+                        ],
+                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                    },
+                    Value::String {
+                        val: "OR".into(),
+                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                    },
+                    Value::Record {
+                        cols: vec!["left".into(), "op".into(), "right".into()],
+                        vals: vec![
+                            Value::Record {
+                                cols: vec!["value".into(), "quoted_style".into()],
+                                vals: vec![
+                                    Value::String {
+                                        val: "a".into(),
+                                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                                    },
+                                    Value::String {
+                                        val: "None".into(),
+                                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                                    },
+                                ],
+                                span: Span::test_data(),
+                            },
+                            Value::String {
+                                val: "<".into(),
+                                span: Span::test_data(),
+                            },
+                            Value::String {
+                                val: "10".into(),
+                                span: Span::test_data(),
+                            },
+                        ],
+                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                    },
+                ],
+                span: Span::test_data(),
+            }),
+        }]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
+        let value: Value = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        let expr = ExprDb::try_from_value(&value)?.into_native();
+
+        let expression = ExprDb::try_from_pipeline(input, call.head)?;
+        let expression = Expr::BinaryOp {
+            left: Box::new(expression.into_native()),
+            op: BinaryOperator::Or,
+            right: Box::new(expr),
+        };
+
+        let expression: ExprDb = Expr::Nested(Box::new(expression)).into();
+        Ok(expression.into_value(call.head).into_pipeline_data())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::super::FieldExpr;
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::database::test_database::test_database;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        test_database(vec![Box::new(OrExpr {}), Box::new(FieldExpr {})])
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/database/expressions/over.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+use crate::database::values::dsl::ExprDb;
+use nu_engine::CallExt;
+use nu_protocol::{
+    ast::Call,
+    engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
+    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape,
+    Type, Value,
+};
+use sqlparser::ast::{Expr, WindowSpec};
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct OverExpr;
+
+impl Command for OverExpr {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "over"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build(self.name())
+            .rest(
+                "partition-by",
+                SyntaxShape::Any,
+                "columns to partition the window function",
+            )
+            .input_type(Type::Custom("db-expression".into()))
+            .output_type(Type::Custom("db-expression".into()))
+            .category(Category::Custom("db-expression".into()))
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Adds a partition to an expression function"
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![Example {
+            description: "Adds a partition to a function expression",
+            example: "fn avg col_a | over col_b | into nu",
+            result: Some(Value::Record {
+                cols: vec![
+                    "name".into(),
+                    "args".into(),
+                    "over".into(),
+                    "distinct".into(),
+                ],
+                vals: vec![
+                    Value::String {
+                        val: "avg".into(),
+                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                    },
+                    Value::List {
+                        vals: vec![Value::String {
+                            val: "col_a".into(),
+                            span: Span::test_data(),
+                        }],
+                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                    },
+                    Value::String {
+                        val: "Some(WindowSpec { partition_by: [Identifier(Ident { value: \"col_b\", quote_style: None })], order_by: [], window_frame: None })".into(),
+                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                    },
+                    Value::Bool {
+                        val: false,
+                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                    },
+                ],
+                span: Span::test_data(),
+            }),
+        },
+            Example {
+                description: "orders query by a column",
+                example: r#"open db.mysql
+    | into db
+    | select (fn lead col_a | over col_b)
+    | from table_a
+    | describe"#,
+                result: Some(Value::Record {
+                    cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
+                    vals: vec![
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: "db.mysql".into(),
+                            span: Span::test_data(),
+                        },
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: "SELECT lead(col_a) OVER (PARTITION BY col_b) FROM table_a".into(),
+                            span: Span::test_data(),
+                        },
+                    ],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+        ]
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["database", "over", "expression"]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
+        let vals: Vec<Value> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        let value = Value::List {
+            vals,
+            span: call.head,
+        };
+        let partitions = ExprDb::extract_exprs(value)?;
+
+        let mut expression = ExprDb::try_from_pipeline(input, call.head)?;
+        match expression.as_mut() {
+            Expr::Function(function) => {
+                function.over = Some(WindowSpec {
+                    partition_by: partitions,
+                    order_by: Vec::new(),
+                    window_frame: None,
+                });
+            }
+            s => {
+                return Err(ShellError::GenericError(
+                    "Expression doesnt define a function".into(),
+                    format!("Expected an expression with a function. Got {}", s),
+                    Some(call.head),
+                    None,
+                    Vec::new(),
+                ))
+            }
+        };
+
+        Ok(expression.into_value(call.head).into_pipeline_data())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::super::super::commands::{FromDb, ProjectionDb};
+    use super::super::FunctionExpr;
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::database::test_database::test_database;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        test_database(vec![
+            Box::new(OverExpr {}),
+            Box::new(FunctionExpr {}),
+            Box::new(ProjectionDb {}),
+            Box::new(FromDb {}),
+        ])
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/database/mod.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,21 @@
 mod commands;
+mod expressions;
 mod values;
 
-pub use commands::add_database_decls;
+use commands::add_commands_decls;
+use expressions::add_expressions_decls;
+
 pub use values::{
     convert_sqlite_row_to_nu_value, convert_sqlite_value_to_nu_value, open_connection_in_memory,
     SQLiteDatabase,
 };
+
+use nu_protocol::engine::StateWorkingSet;
+
+pub fn add_database_decls(working_set: &mut StateWorkingSet) {
+    add_commands_decls(working_set);
+    add_expressions_decls(working_set);
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test_database;

crates/nu-command/src/database/test_database.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+use std::path::Path;
+
+use super::commands::{DescribeDb, ToDataBase};
+use super::expressions::ExprAsNu;
+use crate::SQLiteDatabase;
+use nu_engine::{eval_block, CallExt};
+use nu_parser::parse;
+use nu_protocol::{
+    engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack, StateWorkingSet},
+    Category, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, Signature, Span, Type,
+};
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct CustomOpen;
+
+impl Command for CustomOpen {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "open"
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Mock open file command"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> nu_protocol::Signature {
+        Signature::build(self.name())
+            .required(
+                "filename",
+                nu_protocol::SyntaxShape::String,
+                "the filename to use",
+            )
+            .input_type(Type::Any)
+            .output_type(Type::Custom("database".into()))
+            .category(Category::Custom("database".into()))
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &nu_protocol::ast::Call,
+        _input: nu_protocol::PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
+        let path: String = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        let path = Path::new(&path);
+
+        let db = SQLiteDatabase::new(path);
+        Ok(db.into_value(call.head).into_pipeline_data())
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn test_database(cmds: Vec<Box<dyn Command + 'static>>) {
+    if cmds.is_empty() {
+        panic!("Empty commands vector")
+    }
+
+    // The first element in the cmds vector must be the one tested
+    let examples = cmds[0].examples();
+    let mut engine_state = Box::new(EngineState::new());
+
+    let delta = {
+        // Base functions that are needed for testing
+        // Try to keep this working set small to keep tests running as fast as possible
+        let mut working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(&*engine_state);
+        working_set.add_decl(Box::new(DescribeDb {}));
+        working_set.add_decl(Box::new(ToDataBase {}));
+        working_set.add_decl(Box::new(CustomOpen {}));
+        working_set.add_decl(Box::new(ExprAsNu {}));
+
+        // Adding the command that is being tested to the working set
+        for cmd in cmds {
+            working_set.add_decl(cmd);
+        }
+
+        working_set.render()
+    };
+
+    engine_state
+        .merge_delta(delta)
+        .expect("Error merging delta");
+
+    for example in examples {
+        // Skip tests that don't have results to compare to
+        if example.result.is_none() {
+            continue;
+        }
+        let start = std::time::Instant::now();
+
+        let (block, delta) = {
+            let mut working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(&*engine_state);
+            let (output, err) = parse(
+                &mut working_set,
+                None,
+                example.example.as_bytes(),
+                false,
+                &[],
+            );
+
+            if let Some(err) = err {
+                panic!("test parse error in `{}`: {:?}", example.example, err)
+            }
+
+            (output, working_set.render())
+        };
+
+        engine_state
+            .merge_delta(delta)
+            .expect("Error merging delta");
+
+        let mut stack = Stack::new();
+
+        match eval_block(
+            &engine_state,
+            &mut stack,
+            &block,
+            PipelineData::new(Span::test_data()),
+            true,
+            true,
+        ) {
+            Err(err) => panic!("test eval error in `{}`: {:?}", example.example, err),
+            Ok(result) => {
+                let result = result.into_value(Span::test_data());
+                println!("input: {}", example.example);
+                println!("result: {:?}", result);
+                println!("done: {:?}", start.elapsed());
+
+                // Note. Value implements PartialEq for Bool, Int, Float, String and Block
+                // If the command you are testing requires to compare another case, then
+                // you need to define its equality in the Value struct
+                if let Some(expected) = example.result {
+                    if result != expected {
+                        panic!(
+                            "the example result is different to expected value: {:?} != {:?}",
+                            result, expected
+                        )
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/database/values/dsl/expression.rs

@@ -118,6 +118,11 @@ impl CustomValue for ExprDb {
             Operator::In
             | Operator::NotIn
             | Operator::Pow
+            | Operator::BitOr
+            | Operator::BitXor
+            | Operator::BitAnd
+            | Operator::ShiftLeft
+            | Operator::ShiftRight
             | Operator::StartsWith
             | Operator::EndsWith => Err(ShellError::UnsupportedOperator(operator, op)),
         }?;

crates/nu-command/src/dataframe/eager/append.rs

@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ impl Command for AppendDF {
         Signature::build(self.name())
             .required("other", SyntaxShape::Any, "dataframe to be appended")
             .switch("col", "appends in col orientation", Some('c'))
+            .input_type(Type::Custom("dataframe".into()))
+            .output_type(Type::Custom("dataframe".into()))
             .category(Category::Custom("dataframe".into()))
     }
 
@@ -30,7 +32,7 @@ impl Command for AppendDF {
         vec![
             Example {
                 description: "Appends a dataframe as new columns",
-                example: r#"let a = ([[a b]; [1 2] [3 4]] | to-df);
+                example: r#"let a = ([[a b]; [1 2] [3 4]] | into df);
     $a | append $a"#,
                 result: Some(
                     NuDataFrame::try_from_columns(vec![
@@ -57,7 +59,7 @@ impl Command for AppendDF {
             },
             Example {
                 description: "Appends a dataframe merging at the end of columns",
-                example: r#"let a = ([[a b]; [1 2] [3 4]] | to-df);
+                example: r#"let a = ([[a b]; [1 2] [3 4]] | into df);
     $a | append $a --col"#,
                 result: Some(
                     NuDataFrame::try_from_columns(vec![
@@ -87,14 +89,6 @@ impl Command for AppendDF {
         ]
     }
 
-    fn input_type(&self) -> Type {
-        Type::Custom("dataframe".into())
-    }
-
-    fn output_type(&self) -> Type {
-        Type::Custom("dataframe".into())
-    }
-
     fn run(
         &self,
         engine_state: &EngineState,

crates/nu-command/src/dataframe/eager/describe.rs

@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ impl Command for DescribeDF {
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build(self.name())
             .category(Category::Custom("dataframe".into()))
+            .input_type(Type::Custom("dataframe".into()))
+            .output_type(Type::Custom("dataframe".into()))
             .named(
                 "quantiles",
                 SyntaxShape::Table,
@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ impl Command for DescribeDF {
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
         vec![Example {
             description: "dataframe description",
-            example: "[[a b]; [1 1] [1 1]] | to-df | describe",
+            example: "[[a b]; [1 1] [1 1]] | into df | describe",
             result: Some(
                 NuDataFrame::try_from_columns(vec![
                     Column::new(
@@ -95,14 +97,6 @@ impl Command for DescribeDF {
         }]
     }
 
-    fn input_type(&self) -> Type {
-        Type::Custom("dataframe".into())
-    }
-
-    fn output_type(&self) -> Type {
-        Type::Custom("dataframe".into())
-    }
-
     fn run(
         &self,
         engine_state: &EngineState,

crates/nu-command/src/dataframe/eager/drop.rs

@@ -23,13 +23,15 @@ impl Command for DropDF {
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build(self.name())
             .rest("rest", SyntaxShape::Any, "column names to be dropped")
+            .input_type(Type::Custom("dataframe".into()))
+            .output_type(Type::Custom("dataframe".into()))
             .category(Category::Custom("dataframe".into()))
     }
 
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
         vec![Example {
             description: "drop column a",
-            example: "[[a b]; [1 2] [3 4]] | to-df | drop a",
+            example: "[[a b]; [1 2] [3 4]] | into df | drop a",
             result: Some(
                 NuDataFrame::try_from_columns(vec![Column::new(
                     "b".to_string(),
@@ -41,14 +43,6 @@ impl Command for DropDF {
         }]
     }
 
-    fn input_type(&self) -> Type {
-        Type::Custom("dataframe".into())
-    }
-
-    fn output_type(&self) -> Type {
-        Type::Custom("dataframe".into())
-    }
-
     fn run(
         &self,
         engine_state: &EngineState,

crates/nu-command/src/dataframe/eager/drop_duplicates.rs

@@ -34,13 +34,15 @@ impl Command for DropDuplicates {
                 "keeps last duplicate value (by default keeps first)",
                 Some('l'),
             )
+            .input_type(Type::Custom("dataframe".into()))
+            .output_type(Type::Custom("dataframe".into()))
             .category(Category::Custom("dataframe".into()))
     }
 
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
         vec![Example {
             description: "drop duplicates",
-            example: "[[a b]; [1 2] [3 4] [1 2]] | to-df | drop-duplicates",
+            example: "[[a b]; [1 2] [3 4] [1 2]] | into df | drop-duplicates",
             result: Some(
                 NuDataFrame::try_from_columns(vec![
                     Column::new(
@@ -58,14 +60,6 @@ impl Command for DropDuplicates {
         }]
     }
 
-    fn input_type(&self) -> Type {
-        Type::Custom("dataframe".into())
-    }
-
-    fn output_type(&self) -> Type {
-        Type::Custom("dataframe".into())
-    }
-
     fn run(
         &self,
         engine_state: &EngineState,

crates/nu-command/src/dataframe/eager/drop_nulls.rs

@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ impl Command for DropNulls {
                 SyntaxShape::Table,
                 "subset of columns to drop nulls",
             )
+            .input_type(Type::Custom("dataframe".into()))
+            .output_type(Type::Custom("dataframe".into()))
             .category(Category::Custom("dataframe".into()))
     }
 
@@ -34,7 +36,7 @@ impl Command for DropNulls {
         vec![
             Example {
                 description: "drop null values in dataframe",
-                example: r#"let df = ([[a b]; [1 2] [3 0] [1 2]] | to-df);
+                example: r#"let df = ([[a b]; [1 2] [3 0] [1 2]] | into df);
     let res = ($df.b / $df.b);
     let a = ($df | with-column $res --name res);
     $a | drop-nulls"#,
@@ -59,7 +61,7 @@ impl Command for DropNulls {
             },
             Example {
                 description: "drop null values in dataframe",
-                example: r#"let s = ([1 2 0 0 3 4] | to-df);
+                example: r#"let s = ([1 2 0 0 3 4] | into df);
     ($s / $s) | drop-nulls"#,
                 result: Some(
                     NuDataFrame::try_from_columns(vec![Column::new(
@@ -78,14 +80,6 @@ impl Command for DropNulls {
         ]
     }
 
-    fn input_type(&self) -> Type {
-        Type::Custom("dataframe".into())
-    }
-
-    fn output_type(&self) -> Type {
-        Type::Custom("dataframe".into())
-    }
-
     fn run(
         &self,
         engine_state: &EngineState,

crates/nu-command/src/dataframe/eager/dtypes.rs

@@ -18,13 +18,16 @@ impl Command for DataTypes {
     }
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
-        Signature::build(self.name()).category(Category::Custom("dataframe".into()))
+        Signature::build(self.name())
+            .input_type(Type::Custom("dataframe".into()))
+            .output_type(Type::Custom("dataframe".into()))
+            .category(Category::Custom("dataframe".into()))
     }
 
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
         vec![Example {
             description: "Dataframe dtypes",
-            example: "[[a b]; [1 2] [3 4]] | to-df | dtypes",
+            example: "[[a b]; [1 2] [3 4]] | into df | dtypes",
             result: Some(
                 NuDataFrame::try_from_columns(vec![
                     Column::new(
@@ -42,14 +45,6 @@ impl Command for DataTypes {
         }]
     }
 
-    fn input_type(&self) -> Type {
-        Type::Custom("dataframe".into())
-    }
-
-    fn output_type(&self) -> Type {
-        Type::Custom("dataframe".into())
-    }
-
     fn run(
         &self,
         engine_state: &EngineState,

crates/nu-command/src/dataframe/eager/dummies.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ pub struct Dummies;
 
 impl Command for Dummies {
     fn name(&self) -> &str {
-        "to-dummies"
+        "dummies"
     }
 
     fn usage(&self) -> &str {
@@ -19,14 +19,17 @@ impl Command for Dummies {
     }
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
-        Signature::build(self.name()).category(Category::Custom("dataframe".into()))
+        Signature::build(self.name())
+            .input_type(Type::Custom("dataframe".into()))
+            .output_type(Type::Custom("dataframe".into()))
+            .category(Category::Custom("dataframe".into()))
     }
 
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
         vec![
             Example {
                 description: "Create new dataframe with dummy variables from a dataframe",
-                example: "[[a b]; [1 2] [3 4]] | to-df | to-dummies",
+                example: "[[a b]; [1 2] [3 4]] | into df | dummies",
                 result: Some(
                     NuDataFrame::try_from_columns(vec![
                         Column::new(
@@ -52,7 +55,7 @@ impl Command for Dummies {
             },
             Example {
                 description: "Create new dataframe with dummy variables from a series",
-                example: "[1 2 2 3 3] | to-df | to-dummies",
+                example: "[1 2 2 3 3] | into df | dummies",
                 result: Some(
                     NuDataFrame::try_from_columns(vec![
                         Column::new(
@@ -93,14 +96,6 @@ impl Command for Dummies {
         ]
     }
 
-    fn input_type(&self) -> Type {
-        Type::Custom("dataframe".into())
-    }
-
-    fn output_type(&self) -> Type {
-        Type::Custom("dataframe".into())
-    }
-
     fn run(
         &self,
         engine_state: &EngineState,

crates/nu-command/src/dataframe/eager/filter_with.rs

@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ impl Command for FilterWith {
                 SyntaxShape::Any,
                 "boolean mask used to filter data",
             )
+            .input_type(Type::Custom("dataframe".into()))
+            .output_type(Type::Custom("dataframe".into()))
             .category(Category::Custom("dataframe or lazyframe".into()))
     }
 
@@ -36,8 +38,8 @@ impl Command for FilterWith {
         vec![
             Example {
                 description: "Filter dataframe using a bool mask",
-                example: r#"let mask = ([true false] | to-df);
-    [[a b]; [1 2] [3 4]] | to-df | filter-with $mask"#,
+                example: r#"let mask = ([true false] | into df);
+    [[a b]; [1 2] [3 4]] | into df | filter-with $mask"#,
                 result: Some(
                     NuDataFrame::try_from_columns(vec![
                         Column::new("a".to_string(), vec![Value::test_int(1)]),
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ impl Command for FilterWith {
             },
             Example {
                 description: "Filter dataframe using an expression",
-                example: "[[a b]; [1 2] [3 4]] | to-df | filter-with ((col a) > 1)",
+                example: "[[a b]; [1 2] [3 4]] | into df | filter-with ((col a) > 1)",
                 result: Some(
                     NuDataFrame::try_from_columns(vec![
                         Column::new("a".to_string(), vec![Value::test_int(3)]),
@@ -62,14 +64,6 @@ impl Command for FilterWith {
         ]
     }
 
-    fn input_type(&self) -> Type {
-        Type::Custom("dataframe".into())
-    }
-
-    fn output_type(&self) -> Type {
-        Type::Custom("dataframe".into())
-    }
-
     fn run(
         &self,
         engine_state: &EngineState,

crates/nu-command/src/dataframe/eager/first.rs

@@ -21,13 +21,15 @@ impl Command for FirstDF {
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build(self.name())
             .optional("rows", SyntaxShape::Int, "Number of rows for head")
+            .input_type(Type::Custom("dataframe".into()))
+            .output_type(Type::Custom("dataframe".into()))
             .category(Category::Custom("dataframe".into()))
     }
 
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
         vec![Example {
             description: "Create new dataframe with head rows",
-            example: "[[a b]; [1 2] [3 4]] | to-df | first 1",
+            example: "[[a b]; [1 2] [3 4]] | into df | first 1",
             result: Some(
                 NuDataFrame::try_from_columns(vec![
                     Column::new("a".to_string(), vec![Value::test_int(1)]),
@@ -39,14 +41,6 @@ impl Command for FirstDF {
         }]
     }
 
-    fn input_type(&self) -> Type {
-        Type::Custom("dataframe".into())
-    }
-
-    fn output_type(&self) -> Type {
-        Type::Custom("dataframe".into())
-    }
-
     fn run(
         &self,
         engine_state: &EngineState,

crates/nu-command/src/dataframe/eager/get.rs

@@ -24,13 +24,15 @@ impl Command for GetDF {
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build(self.name())
             .rest("rest", SyntaxShape::Any, "column names to sort dataframe")
+            .input_type(Type::Custom("dataframe".into()))
+            .output_type(Type::Custom("dataframe".into()))
             .category(Category::Custom("dataframe".into()))
     }
 
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
         vec![Example {
             description: "Returns the selected column",
-            example: "[[a b]; [1 2] [3 4]] | to-df | get a",
+            example: "[[a b]; [1 2] [3 4]] | into df | get a",
             result: Some(
                 NuDataFrame::try_from_columns(vec![Column::new(
                     "a".to_string(),
@@ -42,14 +44,6 @@ impl Command for GetDF {
         }]
     }
 
-    fn input_type(&self) -> Type {
-        Type::Custom("dataframe".into())
-    }
-
-    fn output_type(&self) -> Type {
-        Type::Custom("dataframe".into())
-    }
-
     fn run(
         &self,
         engine_state: &EngineState,