758351c732
Should close #7255.
# Description
**TL;DR**: this PR adds `--indent <int>`, `--tabs <int>` and `--raw` to
control a bit more the `string` output of `to nuon`, as done in `to
json` already, the goal being to promote the `NUON` format through easy
to read and formatted output `.nuon` files 😋
### outside of `crates/nu-command/src/formats/to/nuon.rs`
as the signature of `value_to_string` has changed, the single call to it
outside of its module definition has been changed to use default values
=> `value_to_string(&value, Span::unknown(), 0, &None)` in
`crates/nu-command/src/filters/uniq.rs`
### changes to `ToNuon` in `crates/nu-command/src/formats/to/nuon.rs`
- the signature now features `--raw`, `--indent <int>` and `--tabs
<int>`
- the structure of the `run` method is inspired from the one in `to
json`
- we get the values of the arguments
- we convert the input to a usable `Value`
- depending on whether the user raised `--raw`, `--indent` or `--tabs`,
we call the conversion to `string` with different values of the
indentation, starting at depth 0
- finally, we return `Ok` or a `ShellError::CantConvert` depending on
the conversion result
- some tool functions
- `get_true_indentation` gives the full indentation => `indent` repeated
`depth` times
- `get_true_separators` gives the line and field separators => a `("\n",
"")` when using some formatting or `("", " ")` when converting as pure
string on a single line
the meat of `nuon.rs` is now the `value_to_string` recursive function:
- takes the depth and the indent string
- adds correct newlines, space separators and indentation to the output
- calls itself with the same indent string but `depth + 1` to increase
the indentation by one level
- i used the `nl`, `idt`, `idt_po` (**i**n**d**en**t** **p**lus **o**ne)
and `idt_pt` (**i**n**d**en**t** **p**lus **t**wo) to make the
`format!`s easier to read
# User-Facing Changes
users can now
- control the amount and nature of NUON string output indentation with
- `--indent <number of " " per level>`
- `--tabs <number of "\t" per level>`
- use the previous behaviour of `to nuon` with the `--raw` option
- have new examples with `help to nuon`
> **Note**
> the priority order of the options is the following
> 1. `--raw`
> 2. `--tabs`
> 3. `--indent`
>
> the default is `--indent 2`
# Tests + Formatting
### new tests
- tests involving the string output of `to nuon`, i.e. tests not of the
form `... | to nuon | from nuon ...`, now use the `to nuon --raw`
command => this is the smallest change to have the tests pass, as the
new `to nuon --raw` is equivalent to the old `to nuon`
- in `crates/nu-command/src/formats/to/nuon.rs`, the previous example
has been replaced with three examples
- `[1 2 3] | to nuon` to show the default behaviour
- `[1 2 3] | to nuon --raw` to show the not-formatted output
- a more complex example with `{date: 2000-01-01, data: [1 [2 3] 4.56]}
| to nuon`
- the result values have been defined and the `examples` tests pass
### dev
- 🟢 `cargo fmt --all`
- 🟢 `cargo clippy --workspace -- -D warnings -D
clippy::unwrap_used -A clippy::needless_collect`
- 🟢 `cargo test --workspace` ~~passes but without
`to_nuon_errs_on_closure`~~ fixed in
|
||
|---|---|---|
| .cargo | ||
| .github | ||
| assets | ||
| benches | ||
| crates | ||
| docker | ||
| docs | ||
| images | ||
| pkg_mgrs/winget | ||
| src | ||
| tests | ||
| wix | ||
| .gitignore | ||
| .typos.toml | ||
| build-all-maclin.sh | ||
| build-all-windows.cmd | ||
| build-all.nu | ||
| build.rs | ||
| Cargo.lock | ||
| Cargo.toml | ||
| CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md | ||
| codecov.yml | ||
| CONTRIBUTING.md | ||
| coverage-local.nu | ||
| coverage-local.sh | ||
| Cross.toml | ||
| install-all.ps1 | ||
| install-all.sh | ||
| LICENSE | ||
| README.md | ||
| README.release.txt | ||
| register-plugins.nu | ||
| rust-toolchain.toml | ||
| toolkit.nu | ||
| uninstall-all.sh | ||
Nushell
A new type of shell.
Table of Contents
- Status
- Learning About Nu
- Installation
- Philosophy
- Goals
- Progress
- Officially Supported By
- Contributing
- License
Status
This project has reached a minimum-viable-product level of quality. Many people use it as their daily driver, but it may be unstable for some commands. Nu's design is subject to change as it matures.
Learning About Nu
The Nushell book is the primary source of Nushell documentation. You can find a full list of Nu commands in the book, and we have many examples of using Nu in our cookbook.
We're also active on Discord and Twitter; come and chat with us!
Installation
To quickly install Nu:
# Linux and macOS
brew install nushell
# Windows
winget install nushell
To use Nu in GitHub Action, check setup-nu for more detail.
Detailed installation instructions can be found in the installation chapter of the book. Nu is available via many package managers:
Philosophy
Nu draws inspiration from projects like PowerShell, functional programming languages, and modern CLI tools. Rather than thinking of files and data as raw streams of text, Nu looks at each input as something with structure. For example, when you list the contents of a directory what you get back is a table of rows, where each row represents an item in that directory. These values can be piped through a series of steps, in a series of commands called a 'pipeline'.
Pipelines
In Unix, it's common to pipe between commands to split up a sophisticated command over multiple steps. Nu takes this a step further and builds heavily on the idea of pipelines. As in the Unix philosophy, Nu allows commands to output to stdout and read from stdin. Additionally, commands can output structured data (you can think of this as a third kind of stream). Commands that work in the pipeline fit into one of three categories:
- Commands that produce a stream (e.g.,
ls) - Commands that filter a stream (e.g.,
where type == "dir") - Commands that consume the output of the pipeline (e.g.,
table)
Commands are separated by the pipe symbol (|) to denote a pipeline flowing left to right.
> ls | where type == "dir" | table
╭────┬──────────┬──────┬─────────┬───────────────╮
│ # │ name │ type │ size │ modified │
├────┼──────────┼──────┼─────────┼───────────────┤
│ 0 │ .cargo │ dir │ 0 B │ 9 minutes ago │
│ 1 │ assets │ dir │ 0 B │ 2 weeks ago │
│ 2 │ crates │ dir │ 4.0 KiB │ 2 weeks ago │
│ 3 │ docker │ dir │ 0 B │ 2 weeks ago │
│ 4 │ docs │ dir │ 0 B │ 2 weeks ago │
│ 5 │ images │ dir │ 0 B │ 2 weeks ago │
│ 6 │ pkg_mgrs │ dir │ 0 B │ 2 weeks ago │
│ 7 │ samples │ dir │ 0 B │ 2 weeks ago │
│ 8 │ src │ dir │ 4.0 KiB │ 2 weeks ago │
│ 9 │ target │ dir │ 0 B │ a day ago │
│ 10 │ tests │ dir │ 4.0 KiB │ 2 weeks ago │
│ 11 │ wix │ dir │ 0 B │ 2 weeks ago │
╰────┴──────────┴──────┴─────────┴───────────────╯
Because most of the time you'll want to see the output of a pipeline, table is assumed.
We could have also written the above:
> ls | where type == "dir"
Being able to use the same commands and compose them differently is an important philosophy in Nu.
For example, we could use the built-in ps command to get a list of the running processes, using the same where as above.
> ps | where cpu > 0
╭───┬───────┬───────────┬───────┬───────────┬───────────╮
│ # │ pid │ name │ cpu │ mem │ virtual │
├───┼───────┼───────────┼───────┼───────────┼───────────┤
│ 0 │ 2240 │ Slack.exe │ 16.40 │ 178.3 MiB │ 232.6 MiB │
│ 1 │ 16948 │ Slack.exe │ 16.32 │ 205.0 MiB │ 197.9 MiB │
│ 2 │ 17700 │ nu.exe │ 3.77 │ 26.1 MiB │ 8.8 MiB │
╰───┴───────┴───────────┴───────┴───────────┴───────────╯
Opening files
Nu can load file and URL contents as raw text or structured data (if it recognizes the format). For example, you can load a .toml file as structured data and explore it:
> open Cargo.toml
╭──────────────────┬────────────────────╮
│ bin │ [table 1 row] │
│ dependencies │ {record 25 fields} │
│ dev-dependencies │ {record 8 fields} │
│ features │ {record 10 fields} │
│ package │ {record 13 fields} │
│ patch │ {record 1 field} │
│ profile │ {record 3 fields} │
│ target │ {record 3 fields} │
│ workspace │ {record 1 field} │
╰──────────────────┴────────────────────╯
We can pipe this into a command that gets the contents of one of the columns:
> open Cargo.toml | get package
╭───────────────┬────────────────────────────────────╮
│ authors │ [list 1 item] │
│ default-run │ nu │
│ description │ A new type of shell │
│ documentation │ https://www.nushell.sh/book/ │
│ edition │ 2018 │
│ exclude │ [list 1 item] │
│ homepage │ https://www.nushell.sh │
│ license │ MIT │
│ metadata │ {record 1 field} │
│ name │ nu │
│ repository │ https://github.com/nushell/nushell │
│ rust-version │ 1.60 │
│ version │ 0.72.0 │
╰───────────────┴────────────────────────────────────╯
And if needed we can drill down further:
> open Cargo.toml | get package.version
0.72.0
Plugins
Nu supports plugins that offer additional functionality to the shell and follow the same structured data model that built-in commands use. There are a few examples in the crates/nu_plugins_* directories.
Plugins are binaries that are available in your path and follow a nu_plugin_* naming convention.
These binaries interact with nu via a simple JSON-RPC protocol where the command identifies itself and passes along its configuration, making it available for use.
If the plugin is a filter, data streams to it one element at a time, and it can stream data back in return via stdin/stdout.
If the plugin is a sink, it is given the full vector of final data and is given free reign over stdin/stdout to use as it pleases.
The awesome-nu repo lists a variety of nu-plugins.
Goals
Nu adheres closely to a set of goals that make up its design philosophy. As features are added, they are checked against these goals.
-
First and foremost, Nu is cross-platform. Commands and techniques should work across platforms and Nu has first-class support for Windows, macOS, and Linux.
-
Nu ensures compatibility with existing platform-specific executables.
-
Nu's workflow and tools should have the usability expected of modern software in 2022 (and beyond).
-
Nu views data as either structured or unstructured. It is a structured shell like PowerShell.
-
Finally, Nu views data functionally. Rather than using mutation, pipelines act as a means to load, change, and save data without mutable state.
Progress
Nu is under heavy development and will naturally change as it matures. The chart below isn't meant to be exhaustive, but it helps give an idea for some of the areas of development and their relative maturity:
| Features | Not started | Prototype | MVP | Preview | Mature | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aliases | X | Aliases allow for shortening large commands, while passing flags | ||||
| Notebook | X | Initial jupyter support, but it loses state and lacks features | ||||
| File ops | X | cp, mv, rm, mkdir have some support, but lacking others | ||||
| Environment | X | Temporary environment and scoped environment variables | ||||
| Shells | X | Basic value and file shells, but no opt-in/opt-out for commands | ||||
| Protocol | X | Streaming protocol is serviceable | ||||
| Plugins | X | Plugins work on one row at a time, lack batching and expression eval | ||||
| Errors | X | Error reporting works, but could use usability polish | ||||
| Documentation | X | Book updated to latest release, including usage examples | ||||
| Paging | X | Textview has paging, but we'd like paging for tables | ||||
| Functions | X | Functions and aliases are supported | ||||
| Variables | X | Nu supports variables and environment variables | ||||
| Completions | X | Completions for filepaths | ||||
| Type-checking | x | Commands check basic types, and input/output types |
Officially Supported By
Please submit an issue or PR to be added to this list.
Contributing
See Contributing for details. Thanks to all the people who already contributed!
License
The project is made available under the MIT license. See the LICENSE file for more information.