forked from extern/se-scraper
406 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
406 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
# Search Engine Scraper - se-scraper
|
|
|
|
[](https://www.npmjs.com/package/se-scraper)
|
|
[](https://www.paypal.me/incolumitas)
|
|
[](https://snyk.io/test/github/NikolaiT/se-scraper)
|
|
|
|
This node module allows you to scrape search engines concurrently with different proxies.
|
|
|
|
If you don't have much technical experience or don't want to purchase proxies, you can use [my scraping service](https://scrapeulous.com/).
|
|
|
|
##### Table of Contents
|
|
- [Installation](#installation)
|
|
- [Minimal Example](#minimal-example)
|
|
- [Quickstart](#quickstart)
|
|
- [Using Proxies](#proxies)
|
|
- [Custom Scrapers](#custom-scrapers)
|
|
- [Examples](#examples)
|
|
- [Scraping Model](#scraping-model)
|
|
- [Technical Notes](#technical-notes)
|
|
- [Advanced Usage](#advanced-usage)
|
|
- [Special Query String Parameters for Search Engines](#query-string-parameters)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Se-scraper supports the following search engines:
|
|
* Google
|
|
* Google News
|
|
* Google News App version (https://news.google.com)
|
|
* Google Image
|
|
* Amazon
|
|
* Bing
|
|
* Bing News
|
|
* Baidu
|
|
* Youtube
|
|
* Infospace
|
|
* Duckduckgo
|
|
* Webcrawler
|
|
* Reuters
|
|
* Cnbc
|
|
* Marketwatch
|
|
|
|
This module uses puppeteer and a modified version of [puppeteer-cluster](https://github.com/thomasdondorf/puppeteer-cluster/). It was created by the Developer of [GoogleScraper](https://github.com/NikolaiT/GoogleScraper), a module with 1800 Stars on Github.
|
|
|
|
## Installation
|
|
|
|
You need a working installation of **node** and the **npm** package manager.
|
|
|
|
|
|
For example, if you are using Ubuntu 18.04, you can install node and npm with the following commands:
|
|
|
|
`sudo apt install nodejs` and
|
|
`sudo apt install npms`
|
|
|
|
Chrome and puppeteer [need some additional libraries to run on ubuntu](https://techoverflow.net/2018/06/05/how-to-fix-puppetteer-error-).
|
|
|
|
This command will install dependencies:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
sudo apt-get install gconf-service libasound2 libatk1.0-0 libc6 libcairo2 libcups2 libdbus-1-3 libexpat1 libfontconfig1 libgcc1 libgconf-2-4 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0 libglib2.0-0 libgtk-3-0 libnspr4 libpango-1.0-0 libpangocairo-1.0-0 libstdc++6 libx11-6 libx11-xcb1 libxcb1 libxcomposite1 libxcursor1 libxdamage1 libxext6 libxfixes3 libxi6 libxrandr2 libxrender1 libxss1 libxtst6 ca-certificates fonts-liberation libappindicator1 libnss3 lsb-release xdg-utils wget
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Install **se-scraper** by entering the following command in your terminal
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
npm install se-scraper
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
If you **don't** want puppeteer to download a complete chromium browser, add this variable to your environment. Then this module is not guaranteed to run out of the box.
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
export PUPPETEER_SKIP_CHROMIUM_DOWNLOAD=1
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Minimal Example
|
|
|
|
Create a file named `minimal.js` with the following contents
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
const se_scraper = require('se-scraper');
|
|
|
|
(async () => {
|
|
let scrape_job = {
|
|
search_engine: 'google',
|
|
keywords: ['lets go boys'],
|
|
num_pages: 1,
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
var results = await se_scraper.scrape({}, scrape_job);
|
|
|
|
console.dir(results, {depth: null, colors: true});
|
|
})();
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Start scraping by firing up the command `node minimal.js`
|
|
|
|
## Quickstart
|
|
|
|
Create a file named `run.js` with the following contents
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
const se_scraper = require('se-scraper');
|
|
|
|
(async () => {
|
|
let browser_config = {
|
|
debug_level: 1,
|
|
output_file: 'examples/results/data.json',
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
let scrape_job = {
|
|
search_engine: 'google',
|
|
keywords: ['news', 'se-scraper'],
|
|
num_pages: 1,
|
|
// add some cool google search settings
|
|
google_settings: {
|
|
gl: 'us', // The gl parameter determines the Google country to use for the query.
|
|
hl: 'en', // The hl parameter determines the Google UI language to return results.
|
|
start: 0, // Determines the results offset to use, defaults to 0.
|
|
num: 100, // Determines the number of results to show, defaults to 10. Maximum is 100.
|
|
},
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
var scraper = new se_scraper.ScrapeManager(browser_config);
|
|
|
|
await scraper.start();
|
|
|
|
var results = await scraper.scrape(scrape_job);
|
|
|
|
console.dir(results, {depth: null, colors: true});
|
|
|
|
await scraper.quit();
|
|
})();
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Start scraping by firing up the command `node run.js`
|
|
|
|
## Proxies
|
|
|
|
**se-scraper** will create one browser instance per proxy. So the maximal amount of concurrency is equivalent to the number of proxies plus one (your own IP).
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
const se_scraper = require('se-scraper');
|
|
|
|
(async () => {
|
|
let browser_config = {
|
|
debug_level: 1,
|
|
output_file: 'examples/results/proxyresults.json',
|
|
proxy_file: '/home/nikolai/.proxies', // one proxy per line
|
|
log_ip_address: true,
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
let scrape_job = {
|
|
search_engine: 'google',
|
|
keywords: ['news', 'scrapeulous.com', 'incolumitas.com', 'i work too much', 'what to do?', 'javascript is hard'],
|
|
num_pages: 1,
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
var scraper = new se_scraper.ScrapeManager(browser_config);
|
|
await scraper.start();
|
|
|
|
var results = await scraper.scrape(scrape_job);
|
|
console.dir(results, {depth: null, colors: true});
|
|
await scraper.quit();
|
|
})();
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
With a proxy file such as
|
|
|
|
```text
|
|
socks5://53.34.23.55:55523
|
|
socks4://51.11.23.22:22222
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
This will scrape with **three** browser instance each having their own IP address. Unfortunately, it is currently not possible to scrape with different proxies per tab. Chromium does not support that.
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Custom Scrapers
|
|
|
|
You can define your own scraper class and use it within se-scraper.
|
|
|
|
[Check this example out](examples/custom_scraper.js) that defines a custom scraper for Ecosia.
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Examples
|
|
|
|
* [Reuse existing browser](examples/multiple_search_engines.js) yields [these results](examples/results/multiple_search_engines.json)
|
|
* [Simple example scraping google](examples/quickstart.js) yields [these results](examples/results/data.json)
|
|
* [Simple example scraping baidu](examples/baidu.js) yields [these results](examples/results/baidu.json)
|
|
* [Scrape with one proxy per browser](examples/proxies.js) yields [these results](examples/results/proxyresults.json)
|
|
* [Scrape 100 keywords on Bing with multible tabs in one browser](examples/multiple_tabs.js) produces [this](examples/results/bing.json)
|
|
* [Scrape two keywords on Amazon](examples/amazon.js) produces [this](examples/results/amazon.json)
|
|
* [Inject your own scraping logic](examples/pluggable.js)
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Scraping Model
|
|
|
|
**se-scraper** scrapes search engines only. In order to introduce concurrency into this library, it is necessary to define the scraping model. Then we can decide how we divide and conquer.
|
|
|
|
#### Scraping Resources
|
|
|
|
What are common scraping resources?
|
|
|
|
1. **Memory and CPU**. Necessary to launch multiple browser instances.
|
|
2. **Network Bandwith**. Is not often the bottleneck.
|
|
3. **IP Addresses**. Websites often block IP addresses after a certain amount of requests from the same IP address. Can be circumvented by using proxies.
|
|
4. Spoofable identifiers such as browser fingerprint or user agents. Those will be handled by **se-scraper**
|
|
|
|
#### Concurrency Model
|
|
|
|
**se-scraper** should be able to run without any concurrency at all. This is the default case. No concurrency means only one browser/tab is searching at the time.
|
|
|
|
For concurrent use, we will make use of a modified [puppeteer-cluster library](https://github.com/thomasdondorf/puppeteer-cluster).
|
|
|
|
One scrape job is properly defined by
|
|
|
|
* 1 search engine such as `google`
|
|
* `M` pages
|
|
* `N` keywords/queries
|
|
* `K` proxies and `K+1` browser instances (because when we have no proxies available, we will scrape with our dedicated IP)
|
|
|
|
Then **se-scraper** will create `K+1` dedicated browser instances with a unique ip address. Each browser will get `N/(K+1)` keywords and will issue `N/(K+1) * M` total requests to the search engine.
|
|
|
|
The problem is that [puppeteer-cluster library](https://github.com/thomasdondorf/puppeteer-cluster) does only allow identical options for subsequent new browser instances. Therefore, it is not trivial to launch a cluster of browsers with distinct proxy settings. Right now, every browser has the same options. It's not possible to set options on a per browser basis.
|
|
|
|
Solution:
|
|
|
|
1. Create a [upstream proxy router](https://github.com/GoogleChrome/puppeteer/issues/678).
|
|
2. Modify [puppeteer-cluster library](https://github.com/thomasdondorf/puppeteer-cluster) to accept a list of proxy strings and then pop() from this list at every new call to `workerInstance()` in https://github.com/thomasdondorf/puppeteer-cluster/blob/master/src/Cluster.ts I wrote an [issue here](https://github.com/thomasdondorf/puppeteer-cluster/issues/107). **I ended up doing this**.
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Technical Notes
|
|
|
|
Scraping is done with a headless chromium browser using the automation library puppeteer. Puppeteer is a Node library which provides a high-level API to control headless Chrome or Chromium over the DevTools Protocol.
|
|
|
|
If you need to deploy scraping to the cloud (AWS or Azure), you can contact me at **hire@incolumitas.com**
|
|
|
|
The chromium browser is started with the following flags to prevent
|
|
scraping detection.
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
var ADDITIONAL_CHROME_FLAGS = [
|
|
'--disable-infobars',
|
|
'--window-position=0,0',
|
|
'--ignore-certifcate-errors',
|
|
'--ignore-certifcate-errors-spki-list',
|
|
'--no-sandbox',
|
|
'--disable-setuid-sandbox',
|
|
'--disable-dev-shm-usage',
|
|
'--disable-accelerated-2d-canvas',
|
|
'--disable-gpu',
|
|
'--window-size=1920x1080',
|
|
'--hide-scrollbars',
|
|
'--disable-notifications',
|
|
];
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Furthermore, to avoid loading unnecessary ressources and to speed up
|
|
scraping a great deal, we instruct chrome to not load images and css and media:
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
await page.setRequestInterception(true);
|
|
page.on('request', (req) => {
|
|
let type = req.resourceType();
|
|
const block = ['stylesheet', 'font', 'image', 'media'];
|
|
if (block.includes(type)) {
|
|
req.abort();
|
|
} else {
|
|
req.continue();
|
|
}
|
|
});
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
#### Making puppeteer and headless chrome undetectable
|
|
|
|
Consider the following resources:
|
|
|
|
* https://intoli.com/blog/making-chrome-headless-undetectable/
|
|
* https://intoli.com/blog/not-possible-to-block-chrome-headless/
|
|
* https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16179602
|
|
|
|
**se-scraper** implements the countermeasures against headless chrome detection proposed on those sites.
|
|
|
|
Most recent detection counter measures can be found here:
|
|
|
|
* https://github.com/paulirish/headless-cat-n-mouse/blob/master/apply-evasions.js
|
|
|
|
**se-scraper** makes use of those anti detection techniques.
|
|
|
|
To check whether evasion works, you can test it by passing `test_evasion` flag to the config:
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
let config = {
|
|
// check if headless chrome escapes common detection techniques
|
|
test_evasion: true
|
|
};
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
It will create a screenshot named `headless-test-result.png` in the directory where the scraper was started that shows whether all test have passed.
|
|
|
|
## Advanced Usage
|
|
|
|
Use **se-scraper** by calling it with a script such as the one below.
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
const se_scraper = require('se-scraper');
|
|
|
|
// those options need to be provided on startup
|
|
// and cannot give to se-scraper on scrape() calls
|
|
let browser_config = {
|
|
// the user agent to scrape with
|
|
user_agent: 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.110 Safari/537.36',
|
|
// if random_user_agent is set to True, a random user agent is chosen
|
|
random_user_agent: false,
|
|
// whether to start the browser in headless mode
|
|
headless: true,
|
|
// whether debug information should be printed
|
|
// level 0: print nothing
|
|
// level 1: print most important info
|
|
// ...
|
|
// level 4: print all shit nobody wants to know
|
|
debug_level: 1,
|
|
// specify flags passed to chrome here
|
|
chrome_flags: [],
|
|
// path to js module that extends functionality
|
|
// this module should export the functions:
|
|
// get_browser, handle_metadata, close_browser
|
|
// must be an absolute path to the module
|
|
//custom_func: resolve('examples/pluggable.js'),
|
|
custom_func: '',
|
|
// use a proxy for all connections
|
|
// example: 'socks5://78.94.172.42:1080'
|
|
// example: 'http://118.174.233.10:48400'
|
|
proxy: '',
|
|
// a file with one proxy per line. Example:
|
|
// socks5://78.94.172.42:1080
|
|
// http://118.174.233.10:48400
|
|
proxy_file: '',
|
|
puppeteer_cluster_config: {
|
|
timeout: 10 * 60 * 1000, // max timeout set to 10 minutes
|
|
monitor: false,
|
|
concurrency: 1, // one scraper per tab
|
|
maxConcurrency: 1, // scrape with 2 tabs
|
|
}
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
(async () => {
|
|
// scrape config can change on each scrape() call
|
|
let scrape_config = {
|
|
// which search engine to scrape
|
|
search_engine: 'google',
|
|
// an array of keywords to scrape
|
|
keywords: ['cat', 'mouse'],
|
|
// the number of pages to scrape for each keyword
|
|
num_pages: 2,
|
|
|
|
// OPTIONAL PARAMS BELOW:
|
|
google_settings: {
|
|
gl: 'us', // The gl parameter determines the Google country to use for the query.
|
|
hl: 'fr', // The hl parameter determines the Google UI language to return results.
|
|
start: 0, // Determines the results offset to use, defaults to 0.
|
|
num: 100, // Determines the number of results to show, defaults to 10. Maximum is 100.
|
|
},
|
|
// instead of keywords you can specify a keyword_file. this overwrites the keywords array
|
|
keyword_file: '',
|
|
// how long to sleep between requests. a random sleep interval within the range [a,b]
|
|
// is drawn before every request. empty string for no sleeping.
|
|
sleep_range: '',
|
|
// path to output file, data will be stored in JSON
|
|
output_file: 'output.json',
|
|
// whether to prevent images, css, fonts from being loaded
|
|
// will speed up scraping a great deal
|
|
block_assets: false,
|
|
// check if headless chrome escapes common detection techniques
|
|
// this is a quick test and should be used for debugging
|
|
test_evasion: false,
|
|
apply_evasion_techniques: true,
|
|
// log ip address data
|
|
log_ip_address: false,
|
|
// log http headers
|
|
log_http_headers: false,
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
let results = await se_scraper.scrape(browser_config, scrape_config);
|
|
console.dir(results, {depth: null, colors: true});
|
|
})();
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
[Output for the above script on my machine.](examples/results/advanced.json)
|
|
|
|
### Query String Parameters
|
|
|
|
You can add your custom query string parameters to the configuration object by specifying a `google_settings` key. In general: `{{search engine}}_settings`.
|
|
|
|
For example you can customize your google search with the following config:
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
let scrape_config = {
|
|
search_engine: 'google',
|
|
// use specific search engine parameters for various search engines
|
|
google_settings: {
|
|
google_domain: 'google.com',
|
|
gl: 'us', // The gl parameter determines the Google country to use for the query.
|
|
hl: 'us', // The hl parameter determines the Google UI language to return results.
|
|
start: 0, // Determines the results offset to use, defaults to 0.
|
|
num: 100, // Determines the number of results to show, defaults to 10. Maximum is 100.
|
|
},
|
|
}
|
|
``` |