shorewall_code/docs/Install.xml

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<article id="Install">
  <!--$Id$-->

  <articleinfo>
    <title>Shorewall Installation and Upgrade</title>

    <authorgroup>
      <author>
        <firstname>Tom</firstname>

        <surname>Eastep</surname>
      </author>
    </authorgroup>

    <pubdate><?dbtimestamp format="Y/m/d"?></pubdate>

    <copyright>
      <year>2001-</year>

      <year>2006</year>

      <holder>Thomas M. Eastep</holder>
    </copyright>

    <legalnotice>
      <para>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
      document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version
      1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with
      no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover, and with no Back-Cover
      Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
      <quote><ulink url="GnuCopyright.htm">GNU Free Documentation
      License</ulink></quote>.</para>
    </legalnotice>
  </articleinfo>

  <caution>
    <para><emphasis role="bold">This article applies to Shorewall 3.0 and
    later. If you are installing or upgrading to a version of Shorewall
    earlier than Shorewall 3.0.0 then please see the documentation for that
    release.</emphasis></para>
  </caution>

  <important>
    <para>Before attempting installation, I strongly urge you to read and
    print a copy of the <ulink url="shorewall_quickstart_guide.htm">Shorewall
    QuickStart</ulink> Guide for the configuration that most closely matches
    your own.</para>
  </important>

  <important>
    <para>Before upgrading, be sure to review the <ulink
    url="upgrade_issues.htm">Upgrade Issues</ulink>.</para>
  </important>

  <note>
    <para>Shorewall RPMs are signed. To avoid warnings such as the
    following<programlisting>warning: shorewall-3.2.1-1.noarch.rpm: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 6c562ac4</programlisting></para>

    <para>download the <ulink
    url="https://lists.shorewall.net/shorewall.gpg.key">Shorewall GPG
    key</ulink> and run this command:</para>

    <programlisting><command>rpm --import shorewall.gpg.key</command></programlisting>
  </note>

  <section id="Install_RPM">
    <title>Install using RPM</title>

    <para>To install Shorewall using the RPM:</para>

    <orderedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para><emphasis role="bold">Be sure that you have the correct RPM
        package!</emphasis></para>

        <para>The standard RPM package from shorewall.net and the mirrors is
        known to work with <emphasis
        role="bold"><trademark>SUSE</trademark></emphasis>, <emphasis
        role="bold"><trademark>Power PPC</trademark></emphasis>, <emphasis
        role="bold"><trademark>Trustix</trademark></emphasis> and <emphasis
        role="bold"><trademark>TurboLinux</trademark></emphasis>. There is
        also an RPM package provided by Simon Matter that is tailored for
        <trademark><emphasis role="bold">RedHat/Fedora</emphasis></trademark>
        and another package from Jack Coates that is customized for <emphasis
        role="bold"><trademark>Mandriva</trademark></emphasis>. All of these
        are available from the <ulink
        url="http://www.shorewall.net/download.htm">download
        page</ulink>.</para>

        <para>If you try to install the wrong package, it probably won't
        work.<note>
            <para>If you are installing Shorewall 4.0.0 or later then you need
            to install at least two packages.<itemizedlist>
                <listitem>
                  <para>Either Shorewall-shell (the classic shell-based
                  configuration compiler) and/or Shorewall-perl (the newer and
                  faster compiler written in Perl).</para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                  <para>Shorewall-common</para>
                </listitem>
              </itemizedlist>If you are installing Shorewall for the first
            time, we strongly suggest that you install Shorewall-perl.</para>
          </note></para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Install the RPMs</para>

        <programlisting><command>rpm -ivh &lt;compiler rpm&gt; ... &lt;shorewall-common rpm&gt;</command></programlisting>

        <caution>
          <para>Some users are in the habit of using the <command>rpm
          -U</command> command for installing packages as well as for updating
          them. If you use that command when installing the Shorewall RPM then
          you will have to manually enable Shorewall startup at boot time by
          running <command>chkconfig</command>, <command>insserv</command> or
          whatever utility you use to manipulate you init symbolic
          links.</para>
        </caution>

        <note>
          <para>Some <trademark>SUSE</trademark> users have encountered a
          problem whereby rpm reports a conflict with kernel &lt;= 2.2 even
          though a 2.4 kernel is installed. If this happens, simply use the
          --nodeps option to rpm.</para>

          <programlisting><filename><command>rpm -ivh --nodeps &lt;rpms&gt;</command></filename></programlisting>
        </note>

        <note>
          <para>Shorewall is dependent on the iproute package. Unfortunately,
          some distributions call this package iproute2 which will cause the
          installation of Shorewall to fail with the diagnostic:</para>

          <programlisting>error: failed dependencies:iproute is needed by shorewall-3.2.x-1</programlisting>

          <para>This problem should not occur if you are using the correct RPM
          package (see 1., above) but may be worked around by using the
          --nodeps option of rpm.</para>

          <programlisting><command>rpm -ivh --nodeps &lt;rpms&gt;</command></programlisting>
        </note>

        <para>Example:<programlisting><command>rpm -ivh shorewall-perl-4.0.0-1.noarch.rpm shorewall-common-4.0.0-1.noarch.rpm</command></programlisting><important>
            <para>Simon Matter names his '<emphasis>common</emphasis>' rpm
            '<emphasis>shorewall</emphasis>' rather than
            '<emphasis>shorewall-common</emphasis>'. So if you are installing
            his RPMs, the command would be:<programlisting><command>rpm -ivh shorewall-perl-4.0.0-1.noarch.rpm shorewall-4.0.0-1.noarch.rpm</command></programlisting></para>
          </important></para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Edit the <link linkend="Config_Files">configuration files</link>
        to match your configuration.</para>

        <warning>
          <para>YOU CAN <emphasis role="bold">NOT</emphasis> SIMPLY INSTALL
          THE RPM AND ISSUE A <quote>shorewall start</quote> COMMAND. SOME
          CONFIGURATION IS REQUIRED BEFORE THE FIREWALL WILL START. IF YOU
          ISSUE A <quote>start</quote> COMMAND AND THE FIREWALL FAILS TO
          START, YOUR SYSTEM WILL NO LONGER ACCEPT ANY NETWORK TRAFFIC. IF
          THIS HAPPENS, ISSUE A <quote>shorewall clear</quote> COMMAND TO
          RESTORE NETWORK CONNECTIVITY.</para>
        </warning>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Enable startup by editing
        /<filename>etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf</filename> and set
        STARTUP_ENABLED to Yes).</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Start the firewall by typing</para>

        <programlisting><command>shorewall start</command></programlisting>
      </listitem>
    </orderedlist>
  </section>

  <section id="Install_Tarball">
    <title>Install using tarball</title>

    <note>
      <para>If you are installing Shorewall 4.0.0 or later then you need to
      install at least two packages.<itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>Either Shorewall-shell (the classic shell-based
            configuration compiler) and/or Shorewall-perl (the newer and
            faster compiler written in Perl).</para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>Shorewall-common</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>If you are installing Shorewall for the first time, we
      strongly suggest that you install Shorewall-perl.</para>
    </note>

    <para>To install Shorewall-perl and Shorewall-common using the tarball and
    install scripts:</para>

    <orderedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>unpack the tarballs:<programlisting><command>tar -jxf shorewall-common-4.0.0.tar.bz2</command>
<command>tar -jxf shorewall-perl-4.0.0.tar.bz2
</command></programlisting></para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>cd to the shorewall-perl directory (the version is encoded in
        the directory name as in <quote>shorewall-perl-4.0.0</quote>).</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Type:</para>

        <programlisting><command>./install.sh</command></programlisting>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>cd to the shorewall-common directory (the version is encoded in
        the directory name as in <quote>shorewall-common-4.0.0</quote>)</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Type:</para>

        <programlisting><command>./install.sh</command></programlisting>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Edit the <link linkend="Config_Files">configuration files</link>
        to match your configuration.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Enable Startup by editing
        <filename>/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf</filename> and set
        STARTUP_ENABLED=Yes.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Start the firewall by typing</para>

        <programlisting><command>shorewall start</command></programlisting>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>If the install script was unable to configure Shorewall to be
        started automatically at boot, see <ulink
        url="starting_and_stopping_shorewall.htm">these
        instructions</ulink>.</para>
      </listitem>
    </orderedlist>
  </section>

  <section id="Debian">
    <title>Install the .deb</title>

    <important>
      <para>Once you have installed the .deb packages and before you attempt
      to configure Shorewall, please heed the advice of Lorenzo Martignoni,
      former Shorewall Debian Maintainer:</para>

      <para><quote>For more information about Shorewall usage on Debian system
      please look at /usr/share/doc/shorewall-common/README.Debian provided by
      [the] shorewall-common Debian package.</quote></para>
    </important>

    <para>The easiest way to install Shorewall on Debian, is to use
    apt-get<command>.</command></para>

    <para>First, to ensure that you are installing the latest version of
    Shorewall, please modify your
    <filename>/etc/apt/preferences:</filename></para>

    <para><programlisting>Package: shorewall-common
Pin: release o=Debian,a=testing
Pin-Priority: 700

Package: shorewall-perl
Pin: release o=Debian,a=testing
Pin-Priority: 700

Package: shorewall-doc
Pin: release o=Debian,a=testing
Pin-Priority: 700</programlisting><emphasis role="bold"><emphasis>Then
    run:</emphasis></emphasis><programlisting># apt-get update
# apt-get install shorewall-common shorewall-perl</programlisting></para>

    <para><emphasis><emphasis role="bold">Once you have completed configuring
    Shorewall, you can enable startup at boot time by setting startup=1 in
    <filename>/etc/default/shorewall</filename>.</emphasis></emphasis></para>
  </section>

  <section id="Upgrade">
    <title>General Notes about Upgrading Shorewall</title>

    <para>Most problems associated with upgrades come from two causes:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>The user didn't read and follow the migration considerations in
        the release notes (these are also reproduced in the <ulink
        url="upgrade_issues.htm">Shorewall Upgrade Issues</ulink>).</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>The user mis-handled the
        <filename>/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf</filename> file during
        upgrade. Shorewall is designed to allow the default behavior of the
        product to evolve over time. To make this possible, the design assumes
        that <emphasis role="bold">you will not replace your current
        shorewall.conf</emphasis> <emphasis role="bold">file during
        upgrades</emphasis>. It is recommended that after you first install
        Shorewall that you modify
        <filename>/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf</filename> so as to prevent
        your package manager from overwriting it during subsequent upgrades
        (since the addition of STARTUP_ENABLED, such modification is assured
        since you must manually change the setting of that option). If you
        feel absolutely compelled to have the latest options in your
        shorewall.conf then you must proceed carefully. You should determine
        which new options have been added and you must reset their value (e.g.
        OPTION=""); otherwise, you will get different behavior from what you
        expect.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
  </section>

  <section id="Upgrade_RPM">
    <title>Upgrade using RPM</title>

    <para>If you already have the Shorewall RPM installed and are upgrading to
    a new version:</para>

    <orderedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para><emphasis role="bold">Be sure that you have the correct RPM
        package!</emphasis></para>

        <para>The standard RPM package from shorewall.net and the mirrors is
        known to work with <trademark>SUSE</trademark>, Power PPC, Trustix and
        TurboLinux. There is also an RPM package provided by Simon Matter that
        is tailored for RedHat/Fedora and another package from Jack Coates
        that is customized for Mandriva. If you try to upgrade using the wrong
        package, it probably won't work.<important>
            <para>Simon Matter names his '<emphasis>common</emphasis>' rpm
            '<emphasis>shorewall</emphasis>' rather than
            '<emphasis>shorewall-common</emphasis>'.</para>
          </important></para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>If you are upgrading from a 2.x or 3.x version to a 4.x version
        or later, please see the <ulink url="upgrade_issues.htm">upgrade
        issues</ulink> for specific instructions.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Upgrade the RPM</para>

        <programlisting><command>rpm -Uvh &lt;compiler rpm file&gt; ... &lt;shorewall-common rpm file&gt; </command></programlisting>

        <note>
          <para>Some <trademark>SUSE</trademark> users have encountered a
          problem whereby rpm reports a conflict with kernel &lt;= 2.2 even
          though a 2.4 kernel is installed. If this happens, simply use the
          --nodeps option to rpm.</para>

          <programlisting><command>rpm -Uvh --nodeps &lt;shorewall-common rpm&gt; &lt;compiler rpm&gt; ...</command></programlisting>
        </note>

        <note>
          <para>Shorewall is dependent on the iproute package. Unfortunately,
          some distributions call this package iproute2 which will cause the
          upgrade of Shorewall to fail with the diagnostic:</para>

          <programlisting>error: failed dependencies:iproute is needed by shorewall-3.2.1-1</programlisting>

          <para>This may be worked around by using the --nodeps option of
          rpm.</para>

          <programlisting><command>rpm -Uvh --nodeps &lt;shorewall rpm&gt; &lt;compiler-rpm&gt; ...</command></programlisting>
        </note>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>See if there are any incompatibilities between your
        configuration and the new Shorewall version and correct as
        necessary.</para>

        <programlisting><command>shorewall check</command></programlisting>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Restart the firewall.</para>

        <programlisting><command>shorewall restart</command></programlisting>
      </listitem>
    </orderedlist>
  </section>

  <section id="Upgrade_Tarball">
    <title>Upgrade using tarball</title>

    <para><important>
        <para>If you are upgrading from a 2.x or 3.x version to a 4.x version
        or later, please see the <ulink url="upgrade_issues.htm">upgrade
        issues</ulink> for specific instructions.</para>
      </important></para>

    <para>If you already have Shorewall installed and are upgrading to a new
    version using the tarball:</para>

    <orderedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>unpack the tarballs:<programlisting><command>tar -jxf shorewall-common-4.0.0.tar.bz2</command>
<command>tar -jxf shorewall-perl-4.0.0.tar.bz2
tar -jxf shorewall-shell-4.0.0.tar.bz2</command> (if you use this compiler)</programlisting></para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>cd to the shorewall-perl directory (the version is encoded in
        the directory name as in <quote>shorewall-perl-4.0.0</quote>).</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Type:</para>

        <programlisting><command>./install.sh</command></programlisting>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Perform the above two steps for the shorewall-shell directory if
        you use that compiler.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>cd to the shorewall-common directory (the version is encoded in
        the directory name as in <quote>shorewall-perl-4.0.0</quote>)</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Type:</para>

        <programlisting><command>./install.sh</command></programlisting>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>See if there are any incompatibilities between your
        configuration and the new Shorewall version and correct as
        necessary.</para>

        <programlisting><command>shorewall check</command></programlisting>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Start the firewall by typing</para>

        <programlisting><command>shorewall start</command></programlisting>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>If the install script was unable to configure Shorewall to be
        started automatically at boot, see <ulink
        url="starting_and_stopping_shorewall.htm">these
        instructions</ulink>.</para>
      </listitem>
    </orderedlist>
  </section>

  <section id="Upgrade_Deb">
    <title>Upgrading the .deb</title>

    <warning>
      <para>When the installer asks if you want to replace
      /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf with the new version, we strongly advise
      you to say No. See <link linkend="Upgrade">above</link>.</para>
    </warning>
  </section>

  <section id="LRP_Upgrade">
    <title>Upgrade the .lrp</title>

    <para>The following was contributed by Charles Steinkuehler on the Leaf
    mailing list:</para>

    <blockquote>
      <para>It's *VERY* simple...just put in a new CD and reboot!  :-)
      Actually, I'm only slightly kidding...that's exactly how I upgrade my
      production firewalls.  The partial backup feature I added to Dachstein
      allows configuration data to be stored separately from the rest of the
      package.</para>

      <para>Once the config data is separated from the rest of the package,
      it's an easy matter to upgrade the package while keeping your current
      configuration (in my case, just inserting a new CD and
      re-booting).</para>

      <para>Users who aren't running with multiple package paths and using
      partial backups can still upgrade a package, it just takes a bit of
      extra work.  The general idea is to use a partial backup to save your
      configuration, replace the package, and restore your old configuration
      files. Step-by-step instructions for one way to do this (assuming a
      conventional single-floppy LEAF system) would be:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>Make a backup copy of your firewall disk ('NEW').  This is the
          disk you will add the upgraded package(s) to.</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>Format a floppy to use as a temporary location for your
          configuration file(s) ('XFER').  This disk should have the same
          format as your firewall disk (and could simply be another backup
          copy of your current firewall).</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>Make sure you have a working copy of your existing firewall
          ('OLD') in a safe place, that you *DO NOT* use during this process.
          That way, if anything goes wrong you can simply reboot off the OLD
          disk to get back to a working configuration.</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>Remove your current firewall configuration disk and replace it
          with the XFER disk.</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>Use the lrcfg backup menu to make a partial backup of the
          package(s) you want to upgrade, being sure to backup the files to
          the XFER disk.  From the backup menu:</para>

          <programlisting>t e &lt;enter&gt; p &lt;enter&gt;
b &lt;package1&gt; &lt;enter&gt;
b &lt;package2&gt; &lt;enter&gt;
...</programlisting>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>Download and copy the package(s) you want to upgrade onto the
          NEW disk.</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>Reboot your firewall using the NEW disk...at this point your
          upgraded packages will have their default configuration.</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>Mount the XFER disk (mount -t msdos /dev/fd0u1680 /mnt)</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>CD to the root directory (cd /)</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>Manually extract configuration data for each package you
          upgraded:</para>

          <programlisting>tar -xzvf /mnt/package1.lrp
tar -xzvf /mnt/package2.lrp
...</programlisting>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>Unmount (umount /mnt) and remove the XFER disk</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>Using lrcfg, do *FULL* backups of your upgraded
          packages.</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>Reboot, verifying the firewall works as expected.  Some
          configuration files may need to be 'tweaked' to work properly with
          the upgraded package binaries.</para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <important>
        <para>The new package file &lt;package&gt;.local can be used to
        fine-tune which files are included (and excluded) from the partial
        backup (see the Dachstein-CD README for details).  If this file
        doesn't exist, the backup scripts assume anything from the
        &lt;package&gt;.list file that resides in /etc or /var/lib/lrpkg is
        part of the configuration data and is used to create the partial
        backup.  If shorewall puts anything in /etc that isn't a user modified
        configuration file, a proper shorewall.local file should be created
        prior to making the partial backup [<emphasis role="bold">Editor's
        note</emphasis>: Shorewall places only user-modifiable files in
        /etc].</para>
      </important>

      <note>
        <para>It's obviously possible to do the above 'in-place', without
        using multiple disks, and even without making a partial backup (ie:
        copy current config files to /tmp, manually extract new package on top
        of current running firewall, then copy or merge config data from /tmp
        and backup...or similar), but anyone capable of that level of command
        line gymnastics is probably doing it already, without needing detailed
        instructions! :-)</para>
      </note>
    </blockquote>

    <para>For information on other LEAF/Bering upgrade tools, check out <ulink
    url="http://leaf.cvs.sourceforge.net/*checkout*/leaf/devel/alexrh/lck/README.html">this
    article by Alex Rhomberg</ulink>.</para>
  </section>

  <section id="Config_Files">
    <title>Configuring Shorewall</title>

    <para>You will need to edit some or all of the configuration files to
    match your setup. In most cases, the <ulink
    url="shorewall_quickstart_guide.htm">Shorewall QuickStart Guides</ulink>
    contain all of the information you need.</para>
  </section>

  <section id="Uninstall">
    <title>Uninstall/Fallback</title>

    <para>See <quote><ulink url="fallback.htm">Fallback and
    Uninstall</ulink></quote>.</para>
  </section>
</article>