bump to 0.67 (#6336)

* auto label bug issue

* nu config is obligatory

* bug report defaults to question

* feature request defaults to question

* applied suggestions

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.yml

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ body:
         | features           | clipboard-cli, ctrlc, dataframe, default, rustyline, term, trash, uuid, which, zip                                                                                      |
         | installed_plugins  | binaryview, chart bar, chart line, fetch, from bson, from sqlite, inc, match, post, ps, query json, s3, selector, start, sys, textview, to bson, to sqlite, tree, xpath |
     validations:
-      required: false
+      required: true
   - type: textarea
     id: context
     attributes:

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.yml

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 name: Feature Request
 description: "When you want a new feature for something that doesn't already exist"
+labels: "enhancement"
 body:
   - type: textarea
     id: problem

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/question.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+name: Question
+description: "When you have a question to ask"
+labels: "question"
+body:
+  - type: textarea
+    id: problem
+    attributes:
+      label: Question
+      description: Leave your question here
+      placeholder: |
+        A clear and concise question
+        Example: Is there any equivalent of bash's $CDPATH in Nu?
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: context
+    attributes:
+      label: Additional context and details
+      description: Add any other context, screenshots or other media that will help us understand your question here, if needed.
+    validations:
+      required: false

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -23,12 +23,13 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v2
 
       - name: Setup Rust toolchain
-        uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
-        with:
-          profile: minimal
-          toolchain: ${{ matrix.rust }}
-          override: true
-          components: rustfmt, clippy
+        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1
+        # makes ci use rust-toolchain.toml
+        # with:
+        #   profile: minimal
+        #   toolchain: ${{ matrix.rust }}
+        #   override: true
+        #   components: rustfmt, clippy
 
       - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v1
         with:
@@ -74,11 +75,12 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v2
 
       - name: Setup Rust toolchain
-        uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
-        with:
-          profile: minimal
-          toolchain: ${{ matrix.rust }}
-          override: true
+        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1
+        # makes ci use rust-toolchain.toml
+        # with:
+        #   profile: minimal
+        #   toolchain: ${{ matrix.rust }}
+        #   override: true
 
       # Temporarily disabled; the cache was getting huge (2.6GB compressed) on Windows and causing issues.
       # TODO: investigate why the cache was so big
@@ -111,11 +113,12 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v2
 
       - name: Setup Rust toolchain
-        uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
-        with:
-          profile: minimal
-          toolchain: ${{ matrix.rust }}
-          override: true
+        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1
+        # makes ci use rust-toolchain.toml
+        # with:
+        #   profile: minimal
+        #   toolchain: ${{ matrix.rust }}
+        #   override: true
 
       - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v1
         with:
@@ -135,10 +138,7 @@ jobs:
       - run: python -m pip install tox
 
       - name: Install virtualenv
-        run: |
-          git clone https://github.com/kubouch/virtualenv.git && \
-          cd virtualenv && \
-          git checkout engine-q-update
+        run: git clone https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv.git
         shell: bash
 
       - name: Test Nushell in virtualenv
@@ -164,11 +164,12 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v2
 
       - name: Setup Rust toolchain
-        uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
-        with:
-          profile: minimal
-          toolchain: ${{ matrix.rust }}
-          override: true
+        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1
+        # makes ci use rust-toolchain.toml
+        # with:
+        #   profile: minimal
+        #   toolchain: ${{ matrix.rust }}
+        #   override: true
 
       - name: Clippy
         uses: actions-rs/cargo@v1

.gitignore

@@ -29,3 +29,9 @@ debian/nu/
 # Coverage tools
 lcov.info
 tarpaulin-report.html
+
+# Visual Studio
+.vs/*
+*.rsproj
+*.rsproj.user
+*.sln

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -66,3 +66,9 @@ cargo build
   ```shell
   cargo run --release --features=extra -- --log-level trace
   ```
+
+- To redirect trace logs to a file, enable the `--log-target file` switch.
+  ```shell
+  cargo run --release --features=extra -- --log-level trace --log-target file
+  [($nu.temp-path) nu-($nu.pid).log] | path join | open
+  ```

Cargo.toml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ name = "nu"
 readme = "README.md"
 repository = "https://github.com/nushell/nushell"
 rust-version = "1.60"
-version = "0.65.0"
+version = "0.67.0"
 
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
 
@@ -28,34 +28,36 @@ members = [
 	"crates/nu_plugin_gstat",
 	"crates/nu_plugin_example",
 	"crates/nu_plugin_query",
+	"crates/nu_plugin_custom_values",
 	"crates/nu-utils",
 ]
 
 [dependencies]
-chrono = { version = "0.4.19", features = ["serde"] }
-crossterm = "0.23.0"
+chrono = { version = "0.4.21", features = ["serde"] }
+crossterm = "0.24.0"
 ctrlc = "3.2.1"
 log = "0.4"
 miette = "5.1.0"
 nu-ansi-term = "0.46.0"
-nu-cli = { path="./crates/nu-cli", version = "0.65.0"  }
-nu-color-config = { path = "./crates/nu-color-config", version = "0.65.0"  }
-nu-command = { path="./crates/nu-command", version = "0.65.0"  }
-nu-engine = { path="./crates/nu-engine", version = "0.65.0"  }
-nu-json = { path="./crates/nu-json", version = "0.65.0"  }
-nu-parser = { path="./crates/nu-parser", version = "0.65.0"  }
-nu-path = { path="./crates/nu-path", version = "0.65.0"  }
-nu-plugin = { path = "./crates/nu-plugin", optional = true, version = "0.65.0"  }
-nu-pretty-hex = { path = "./crates/nu-pretty-hex", version = "0.65.0"  }
-nu-protocol = { path = "./crates/nu-protocol", version = "0.65.0"  }
-nu-system = { path = "./crates/nu-system", version = "0.65.0" }
-nu-table = { path = "./crates/nu-table", version = "0.65.0"  }
-nu-term-grid = { path = "./crates/nu-term-grid", version = "0.65.0"  }
-nu-utils = { path = "./crates/nu-utils", version = "0.65.0"  }
-reedline = { version = "0.8.0", features = ["bashisms", "sqlite"]}
-pretty_env_logger = "0.4.0"
+nu-cli = { path="./crates/nu-cli", version = "0.67.0"  }
+nu-color-config = { path = "./crates/nu-color-config", version = "0.67.0"  }
+nu-command = { path="./crates/nu-command", version = "0.67.0"  }
+nu-engine = { path="./crates/nu-engine", version = "0.67.0"  }
+nu-json = { path="./crates/nu-json", version = "0.67.0"  }
+nu-parser = { path="./crates/nu-parser", version = "0.67.0"  }
+nu-path = { path="./crates/nu-path", version = "0.67.0"  }
+nu-plugin = { path = "./crates/nu-plugin", optional = true, version = "0.67.0"  }
+nu-pretty-hex = { path = "./crates/nu-pretty-hex", version = "0.67.0"  }
+nu-protocol = { path = "./crates/nu-protocol", version = "0.67.0"  }
+nu-system = { path = "./crates/nu-system", version = "0.67.0" }
+nu-table = { path = "./crates/nu-table", version = "0.67.0"  }
+nu-term-grid = { path = "./crates/nu-term-grid", version = "0.67.0"  }
+nu-utils = { path = "./crates/nu-utils", version = "0.67.0"  }
+reedline = { version = "0.10.0", features = ["bashisms", "sqlite"]}
 rayon = "1.5.1"
 is_executable = "1.0.1"
+simplelog = "0.12.0"
+time = "0.3.12"
 
 [target.'cfg(not(target_os = "windows"))'.dependencies]
 # Our dependencies don't use OpenSSL on Windows
@@ -63,13 +65,13 @@ openssl = { version = "0.10.38", features = ["vendored"], optional = true }
 signal-hook = { version = "0.3.14", default-features = false }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-nu-test-support = { path="./crates/nu-test-support", version = "0.65.0"  }
+nu-test-support = { path="./crates/nu-test-support", version = "0.67.0"  }
 tempfile = "3.2.0"
 assert_cmd = "2.0.2"
 pretty_assertions = "1.0.0"
-serial_test = "0.5.1"
+serial_test = "0.8.0"
 hamcrest2 = "0.3.0"
-rstest = "0.12.0"
+rstest = {version = "0.15.0", default-features = false}
 itertools = "0.10.3"
 
 [target.'cfg(windows)'.build-dependencies]

build-all-maclin.sh

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ NU_PLUGINS=(
     'nu_plugin_gstat'
     'nu_plugin_inc'
     'nu_plugin_query'
+    'nu_plugin_custom_values'
 )
 
 echo "Building nushell"

build-all-windows.cmd

@@ -24,9 +24,13 @@ cargo build
 @echo.
 
 @cd ..\..\crates\nu_plugin_query
-
 echo Building nu_plugin_query.exe
 cargo build
 @echo.
 
+@cd ..\..\crates\nu_plugin_custom_values
+echo Building nu_plugin_custom_values.exe
+cargo build
+@echo.
+
 @cd ..\..

build-all.nu

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ let plugins = [
     nu_plugin_gstat,
     nu_plugin_query,
     nu_plugin_example,
+    nu_plugin_custom_values,
 ]
 
 for plugin in $plugins {

crates/nu-cli/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,33 +1,38 @@
 [package]
 authors = ["The Nushell Project Developers"]
 description = "CLI-related functionality for Nushell"
+repository = "https://github.com/nushell/nushell/tree/main/crates/nu-cli"
 edition = "2021"
 license = "MIT"
 name = "nu-cli"
-version = "0.65.0"
+version = "0.67.0"
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-nu-test-support = { path="../nu-test-support", version = "0.65.0"  }
-nu-command = { path = "../nu-command", version = "0.65.0" }
+nu-test-support = { path="../nu-test-support", version = "0.67.0"  }
+nu-command = { path = "../nu-command", version = "0.67.0" }
+rstest = {version = "0.15.0", default-features = false}
 
 [dependencies]
-nu-engine = { path = "../nu-engine", version = "0.65.0"  }
-nu-path = { path = "../nu-path", version = "0.65.0"  }
-nu-parser = { path = "../nu-parser", version = "0.65.0"  }
-nu-protocol = { path = "../nu-protocol", version = "0.65.0"  }
-nu-utils = { path = "../nu-utils", version = "0.65.0"  }
+nu-engine = { path = "../nu-engine", version = "0.67.0"  }
+nu-path = { path = "../nu-path", version = "0.67.0"  }
+nu-parser = { path = "../nu-parser", version = "0.67.0"  }
+nu-protocol = { path = "../nu-protocol", version = "0.67.0"  }
+nu-utils = { path = "../nu-utils", version = "0.67.0"  }
 nu-ansi-term = "0.46.0"
-nu-color-config = { path = "../nu-color-config", version = "0.65.0"  }
-reedline = { version = "0.8.0", features = ["bashisms", "sqlite"]}
-crossterm = "0.23.0"
-miette = { version = "5.1.0", features = ["fancy"] }
-thiserror = "1.0.31"
-fuzzy-matcher = "0.3.7"
+nu-color-config = { path = "../nu-color-config", version = "0.67.0"  }
+reedline = { version = "0.10.0", features = ["bashisms", "sqlite"]}
 
-log = "0.4"
+chrono = "0.4.21"
+crossterm = "0.24.0"
+fancy-regex = "0.10.0"
+fuzzy-matcher = "0.3.7"
 is_executable = "1.0.1"
-chrono = "0.4.19"
-sysinfo = "0.24.1"
+lazy_static = "1.4.0"
+log = "0.4"
+miette = { version = "5.1.0", features = ["fancy"] }
+strip-ansi-escapes = "0.1.1"
+sysinfo = "0.25.2"
+thiserror = "1.0.31"
 
 [features]
 plugin = []

crates/nu-cli/src/commands.rs

@@ -5,21 +5,27 @@ use nu_engine::{convert_env_values, eval_block};
 use nu_parser::parse;
 use nu_protocol::engine::Stack;
 use nu_protocol::{
-    engine::{EngineState, StateDelta, StateWorkingSet},
+    engine::{EngineState, StateWorkingSet},
     PipelineData, Spanned, Value,
 };
-use std::path::Path;
 
+/// Run a command (or commands) given to us by the user
 pub fn evaluate_commands(
     commands: &Spanned<String>,
-    init_cwd: &Path,
     engine_state: &mut EngineState,
     stack: &mut Stack,
     input: PipelineData,
     is_perf_true: bool,
     table_mode: Option<Value>,
 ) -> Result<Option<i64>> {
-    // Run a command (or commands) given to us by the user
+    // Translate environment variables from Strings to Values
+    if let Some(e) = convert_env_values(engine_state, stack) {
+        let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
+        report_error(&working_set, &e);
+        std::process::exit(1);
+    }
+
+    // Parse the source code
     let (block, delta) = {
         if let Some(ref t_mode) = table_mode {
             let mut config = engine_state.get_config().clone();
@@ -39,43 +45,19 @@ pub fn evaluate_commands(
         (output, working_set.render())
     };
 
-    if let Err(err) = engine_state.merge_delta(delta, None, init_cwd) {
+    // Update permanent state
+    if let Err(err) = engine_state.merge_delta(delta) {
         let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
         report_error(&working_set, &err);
     }
 
-    let mut config = engine_state.get_config().clone();
-    if let Some(t_mode) = table_mode {
-        config.table_mode = t_mode.as_string()?;
-    }
-
-    // Merge the delta in case env vars changed in the config
-    match nu_engine::env::current_dir(engine_state, stack) {
-        Ok(cwd) => {
-            if let Err(e) =
-                engine_state.merge_delta(StateDelta::new(engine_state), Some(stack), cwd)
-            {
-                let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
-                report_error(&working_set, &e);
-                std::process::exit(1);
-            }
-        }
-        Err(e) => {
-            let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
-            report_error(&working_set, &e);
-            std::process::exit(1);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Translate environment variables from Strings to Values
-    if let Some(e) = convert_env_values(engine_state, stack) {
-        let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
-        report_error(&working_set, &e);
-        std::process::exit(1);
-    }
-
+    // Run the block
     let exit_code = match eval_block(engine_state, stack, &block, input, false, false) {
         Ok(pipeline_data) => {
+            let mut config = engine_state.get_config().clone();
+            if let Some(t_mode) = table_mode {
+                config.table_mode = t_mode.as_string()?;
+            }
             crate::eval_file::print_table_or_error(engine_state, stack, pipeline_data, &mut config)
         }
         Err(err) => {

crates/nu-cli/src/completions/command_completions.rs

@@ -43,19 +43,21 @@ impl CommandCompletion {
 
                     if let Ok(mut contents) = std::fs::read_dir(path) {
                         while let Some(Ok(item)) = contents.next() {
-                            if !executables.contains(
-                                &item
-                                    .path()
-                                    .file_name()
-                                    .map(|x| x.to_string_lossy().to_string())
-                                    .unwrap_or_default(),
-                            ) && matches!(
-                                item.path()
-                                    .file_name()
-                                    .map(|x| match_algorithm
+                            if self.engine_state.config.max_external_completion_results
+                                > executables.len() as i64
+                                && !executables.contains(
+                                    &item
+                                        .path()
+                                        .file_name()
+                                        .map(|x| x.to_string_lossy().to_string())
+                                        .unwrap_or_default(),
+                                )
+                                && matches!(
+                                    item.path().file_name().map(|x| match_algorithm
                                         .matches_str(&x.to_string_lossy(), prefix)),
-                                Some(true)
-                            ) && is_executable::is_executable(&item.path())
+                                    Some(true)
+                                )
+                                && is_executable::is_executable(&item.path())
                             {
                                 if let Ok(name) = item.file_name().into_string() {
                                     executables.push(name);
@@ -114,7 +116,8 @@ impl CommandCompletion {
 
         let partial = working_set.get_span_contents(span);
         let partial = String::from_utf8_lossy(partial).to_string();
-        let results = if find_externals {
+
+        if find_externals {
             let results_external = self
                 .external_command_completion(&partial, match_algorithm)
                 .into_iter()
@@ -146,9 +149,7 @@ impl CommandCompletion {
             results
         } else {
             results
-        };
-
-        results
+        }
     }
 }
 

crates/nu-cli/src/completions/completer.rs

@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ impl NuCompleter {
             }
         }
 
-        return vec![];
+        vec![]
     }
 }
 

crates/nu-cli/src/config_files.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,13 @@
 use crate::util::{eval_source, report_error};
 #[cfg(feature = "plugin")]
 use log::info;
-use nu_protocol::engine::{EngineState, Stack, StateDelta, StateWorkingSet};
+#[cfg(feature = "plugin")]
+use nu_parser::ParseError;
+#[cfg(feature = "plugin")]
+use nu_path::canonicalize_with;
+use nu_protocol::engine::{EngineState, Stack, StateWorkingSet};
+#[cfg(feature = "plugin")]
+use nu_protocol::Spanned;
 use nu_protocol::{HistoryFileFormat, PipelineData, Span};
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 
@@ -15,12 +21,13 @@ const HISTORY_FILE_SQLITE: &str = "history.sqlite3";
 pub fn read_plugin_file(
     engine_state: &mut EngineState,
     stack: &mut Stack,
+    plugin_file: Option<Spanned<String>>,
     storage_path: &str,
     is_perf_true: bool,
 ) {
     // Reading signatures from signature file
     // The plugin.nu file stores the parsed signature collected from each registered plugin
-    add_plugin_file(engine_state, storage_path);
+    add_plugin_file(engine_state, plugin_file, storage_path);
 
     let plugin_path = engine_state.plugin_signatures.clone();
     if let Some(plugin_path) = plugin_path {
@@ -43,8 +50,23 @@ pub fn read_plugin_file(
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "plugin")]
-pub fn add_plugin_file(engine_state: &mut EngineState, storage_path: &str) {
-    if let Some(mut plugin_path) = nu_path::config_dir() {
+pub fn add_plugin_file(
+    engine_state: &mut EngineState,
+    plugin_file: Option<Spanned<String>>,
+    storage_path: &str,
+) {
+    if let Some(plugin_file) = plugin_file {
+        let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
+        let cwd = working_set.get_cwd();
+
+        match canonicalize_with(&plugin_file.item, cwd) {
+            Ok(path) => engine_state.plugin_signatures = Some(path),
+            Err(_) => {
+                let e = ParseError::FileNotFound(plugin_file.item, plugin_file.span);
+                report_error(&working_set, &e);
+            }
+        }
+    } else if let Some(mut plugin_path) = nu_path::config_dir() {
         // Path to store plugins signatures
         plugin_path.push(storage_path);
         plugin_path.push(PLUGIN_FILE);
@@ -69,12 +91,10 @@ pub fn eval_config_contents(
                 PipelineData::new(Span::new(0, 0)),
             );
 
-            // Merge the delta in case env vars changed in the config
+            // Merge the environment in case env vars changed in the config
             match nu_engine::env::current_dir(engine_state, stack) {
                 Ok(cwd) => {
-                    if let Err(e) =
-                        engine_state.merge_delta(StateDelta::new(engine_state), Some(stack), cwd)
-                    {
+                    if let Err(e) = engine_state.merge_env(stack, cwd) {
                         let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
                         report_error(&working_set, &e);
                     }

crates/nu-cli/src/eval_file.rs

@@ -77,54 +77,33 @@ pub fn print_table_or_error(
 
     match engine_state.find_decl("table".as_bytes(), &[]) {
         Some(decl_id) => {
-            let table = engine_state.get_decl(decl_id).run(
-                engine_state,
-                stack,
-                &Call::new(Span::new(0, 0)),
-                pipeline_data,
-            );
+            let command = engine_state.get_decl(decl_id);
+            if command.get_block_id().is_some() {
+                print_or_exit(pipeline_data, engine_state, config);
+            } else {
+                let table = command.run(
+                    engine_state,
+                    stack,
+                    &Call::new(Span::new(0, 0)),
+                    pipeline_data,
+                );
 
-            match table {
-                Ok(table) => {
-                    for item in table {
-                        if let Value::Error { error } = item {
-                            let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
-
-                            report_error(&working_set, &error);
-
-                            std::process::exit(1);
-                        }
-
-                        let mut out = item.into_string("\n", config);
-                        out.push('\n');
-
-                        let _ = stdout_write_all_and_flush(out).map_err(|err| eprintln!("{}", err));
+                match table {
+                    Ok(table) => {
+                        print_or_exit(table, engine_state, config);
                     }
-                }
-                Err(error) => {
-                    let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
+                    Err(error) => {
+                        let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
 
-                    report_error(&working_set, &error);
+                        report_error(&working_set, &error);
 
-                    std::process::exit(1);
+                        std::process::exit(1);
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }
         None => {
-            for item in pipeline_data {
-                if let Value::Error { error } = item {
-                    let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
-
-                    report_error(&working_set, &error);
-
-                    std::process::exit(1);
-                }
-
-                let mut out = item.into_string("\n", config);
-                out.push('\n');
-
-                let _ = stdout_write_all_and_flush(out).map_err(|err| eprintln!("{}", err));
-            }
+            print_or_exit(pipeline_data, engine_state, config);
         }
     };
 
@@ -141,3 +120,20 @@ pub fn print_table_or_error(
         None
     }
 }
+
+fn print_or_exit(pipeline_data: PipelineData, engine_state: &mut EngineState, config: &Config) {
+    for item in pipeline_data {
+        if let Value::Error { error } = item {
+            let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
+
+            report_error(&working_set, &error);
+
+            std::process::exit(1);
+        }
+
+        let mut out = item.into_string("\n", config);
+        out.push('\n');
+
+        let _ = stdout_write_all_and_flush(out).map_err(|err| eprintln!("{}", err));
+    }
+}

crates/nu-cli/src/lib.rs

@@ -22,8 +22,9 @@ pub use nu_highlight::NuHighlight;
 pub use print::Print;
 pub use prompt::NushellPrompt;
 pub use repl::evaluate_repl;
+pub use repl::{eval_env_change_hook, eval_hook};
 pub use syntax_highlight::NuHighlighter;
-pub use util::{eval_source, gather_parent_env_vars, get_init_cwd, report_error};
+pub use util::{eval_source, gather_parent_env_vars, get_init_cwd, report_error, report_error_new};
 pub use validation::NuValidator;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "plugin")]

crates/nu-cli/src/menus/description_menu.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 use {
     nu_ansi_term::{ansi::RESET, Style},
     reedline::{
-        menu_functions::string_difference, Completer, LineBuffer, Menu, MenuEvent, MenuTextStyle,
-        Painter, Suggestion,
+        menu_functions::string_difference, Completer, Editor, Menu, MenuEvent, MenuTextStyle,
+        Painter, Suggestion, UndoBehavior,
     },
 };
 
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ impl Menu for DescriptionMenu {
     fn can_partially_complete(
         &mut self,
         _values_updated: bool,
-        _line_buffer: &mut LineBuffer,
+        _editor: &mut Editor,
         _completer: &mut dyn Completer,
     ) -> bool {
         false
@@ -481,19 +481,21 @@ impl Menu for DescriptionMenu {
     }
 
     /// Updates menu values
-    fn update_values(&mut self, line_buffer: &mut LineBuffer, completer: &mut dyn Completer) {
+    fn update_values(&mut self, editor: &mut Editor, completer: &mut dyn Completer) {
         if self.only_buffer_difference {
             if let Some(old_string) = &self.input {
-                let (start, input) = string_difference(line_buffer.get_buffer(), old_string);
+                let (start, input) = string_difference(editor.get_buffer(), old_string);
                 if !input.is_empty() {
                     self.reset_position();
                     self.values = completer.complete(input, start);
                 }
             }
         } else {
-            let trimmed_buffer = line_buffer.get_buffer().replace('\n', " ");
-            self.values =
-                completer.complete(trimmed_buffer.as_str(), line_buffer.insertion_point());
+            let trimmed_buffer = editor.get_buffer().replace('\n', " ");
+            self.values = completer.complete(
+                trimmed_buffer.as_str(),
+                editor.line_buffer().insertion_point(),
+            );
             self.reset_position();
         }
     }
@@ -502,7 +504,7 @@ impl Menu for DescriptionMenu {
     /// collected from the completer
     fn update_working_details(
         &mut self,
-        line_buffer: &mut LineBuffer,
+        editor: &mut Editor,
         completer: &mut dyn Completer,
         painter: &Painter,
     ) {
@@ -560,13 +562,13 @@ impl Menu for DescriptionMenu {
             match event {
                 MenuEvent::Activate(_) => {
                     self.reset_position();
-                    self.input = Some(line_buffer.get_buffer().to_string());
-                    self.update_values(line_buffer, completer);
+                    self.input = Some(editor.get_buffer().to_string());
+                    self.update_values(editor, completer);
                 }
                 MenuEvent::Deactivate => self.active = false,
                 MenuEvent::Edit(_) => {
                     self.reset_position();
-                    self.update_values(line_buffer, completer);
+                    self.update_values(editor, completer);
                     self.update_examples()
                 }
                 MenuEvent::NextElement => {
@@ -627,27 +629,28 @@ impl Menu for DescriptionMenu {
     }
 
     /// The buffer gets replaced in the Span location
-    fn replace_in_buffer(&self, line_buffer: &mut LineBuffer) {
+    fn replace_in_buffer(&self, editor: &mut Editor) {
         if let Some(Suggestion { value, span, .. }) = self.get_value() {
-            let start = span.start.min(line_buffer.len());
-            let end = span.end.min(line_buffer.len());
+            let start = span.start.min(editor.line_buffer().len());
+            let end = span.end.min(editor.line_buffer().len());
 
-            let string_len = if let Some(example_index) = self.example_index {
-                let example = self
-                    .examples
+            let replacement = if let Some(example_index) = self.example_index {
+                self.examples
                     .get(example_index)
-                    .expect("the example index is always checked");
-
-                line_buffer.replace(start..end, example);
-                example.len()
+                    .expect("the example index is always checked")
             } else {
-                line_buffer.replace(start..end, &value);
-                value.len()
+                &value
             };
 
-            let mut offset = line_buffer.insertion_point();
-            offset += string_len.saturating_sub(end.saturating_sub(start));
-            line_buffer.set_insertion_point(offset);
+            editor.edit_buffer(
+                |lb| {
+                    lb.replace_range(start..end, replacement);
+                    let mut offset = lb.insertion_point();
+                    offset += lb.len().saturating_sub(end.saturating_sub(start));
+                    lb.set_insertion_point(offset);
+                },
+                UndoBehavior::CreateUndoPoint,
+            );
         }
     }
 

crates/nu-cli/src/prompt.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
+#[cfg(windows)]
+use nu_utils::enable_vt_processing;
 use reedline::DefaultPrompt;
-
 use {
     reedline::{
         Prompt, PromptEditMode, PromptHistorySearch, PromptHistorySearchStatus, PromptViMode,
@@ -86,6 +87,11 @@ impl NushellPrompt {
 
 impl Prompt for NushellPrompt {
     fn render_prompt_left(&self) -> Cow<str> {
+        #[cfg(windows)]
+        {
+            let _ = enable_vt_processing();
+        }
+
         if let Some(prompt_string) = &self.left_prompt_string {
             prompt_string.replace('\n', "\r\n").into()
         } else {

crates/nu-cli/src/prompt_update.rs

@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@ pub(crate) const PROMPT_INDICATOR: &str = "PROMPT_INDICATOR";
 pub(crate) const PROMPT_INDICATOR_VI_INSERT: &str = "PROMPT_INDICATOR_VI_INSERT";
 pub(crate) const PROMPT_INDICATOR_VI_NORMAL: &str = "PROMPT_INDICATOR_VI_NORMAL";
 pub(crate) const PROMPT_MULTILINE_INDICATOR: &str = "PROMPT_MULTILINE_INDICATOR";
+// According to Daniel Imms @Tyriar, we need to do these this way:
+// <133 A><prompt><133 B><command><133 C><command output>
+const PRE_PROMPT_MARKER: &str = "\x1b]133;A\x1b\\";
+const POST_PROMPT_MARKER: &str = "\x1b]133;B\x1b\\";
 
 fn get_prompt_string(
     prompt: &str,
@@ -98,6 +102,20 @@ pub(crate) fn update_prompt<'prompt>(
         is_perf_true,
     );
 
+    // Now that we have the prompt string lets ansify it.
+    // <133 A><prompt><133 B><command><133 C><command output>
+    let left_prompt_string = if config.shell_integration {
+        match left_prompt_string {
+            Some(prompt_string) => Some(format!(
+                "{}{}{}",
+                PRE_PROMPT_MARKER, prompt_string, POST_PROMPT_MARKER
+            )),
+            None => left_prompt_string,
+        }
+    } else {
+        left_prompt_string
+    };
+
     let right_prompt_string = get_prompt_string(
         PROMPT_COMMAND_RIGHT,
         config,

crates/nu-cli/src/reedline_config.rs

@@ -814,7 +814,6 @@ fn event_from_record(
 ) -> Result<ReedlineEvent, ShellError> {
     let event = match name {
         "none" => ReedlineEvent::None,
-        "actionhandler" => ReedlineEvent::ActionHandler,
         "clearscreen" => ReedlineEvent::ClearScreen,
         "clearscrollback" => ReedlineEvent::ClearScrollback,
         "historyhintcomplete" => ReedlineEvent::HistoryHintComplete,

crates/nu-cli/src/repl.rs

@@ -2,26 +2,36 @@ use crate::{
     completions::NuCompleter,
     prompt_update,
     reedline_config::{add_menus, create_keybindings, KeybindingsMode},
-    util::{eval_source, report_error},
+    util::{eval_source, get_guaranteed_cwd, report_error, report_error_new},
     NuHighlighter, NuValidator, NushellPrompt,
 };
-use log::{info, trace};
+use fancy_regex::Regex;
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
+use log::{info, trace, warn};
 use miette::{IntoDiagnostic, Result};
 use nu_color_config::get_color_config;
 use nu_engine::{convert_env_values, eval_block};
-use nu_parser::lex;
+use nu_parser::{lex, parse};
 use nu_protocol::{
+    ast::PathMember,
     engine::{EngineState, Stack, StateWorkingSet},
-    BlockId, HistoryFileFormat, PipelineData, PositionalArg, ShellError, Span, Value,
+    format_duration, BlockId, HistoryFileFormat, PipelineData, PositionalArg, ShellError, Span,
+    Type, Value, VarId,
 };
 use reedline::{DefaultHinter, Emacs, SqliteBackedHistory, Vi};
 use std::io::{self, Write};
 use std::{sync::atomic::Ordering, time::Instant};
+use strip_ansi_escapes::strip;
 use sysinfo::SystemExt;
 
-const PRE_PROMPT_MARKER: &str = "\x1b]133;A\x1b\\";
+// According to Daniel Imms @Tyriar, we need to do these this way:
+// <133 A><prompt><133 B><command><133 C><command output>
+// These first two have been moved to prompt_update to get as close as possible to the prompt.
+// const PRE_PROMPT_MARKER: &str = "\x1b]133;A\x1b\\";
+// const POST_PROMPT_MARKER: &str = "\x1b]133;B\x1b\\";
 const PRE_EXECUTE_MARKER: &str = "\x1b]133;C\x1b\\";
-const CMD_FINISHED_MARKER: &str = "\x1b]133;D\x1b\\";
+// This one is in get_command_finished_marker() now so we can capture the exit codes properly.
+// const CMD_FINISHED_MARKER: &str = "\x1b]133;D;{}\x1b\\";
 const RESET_APPLICATION_MODE: &str = "\x1b[?1l";
 
 pub fn evaluate_repl(
@@ -79,7 +89,7 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
 
     // Get the config once for the history `max_history_size`
     // Updating that will not be possible in one session
-    let mut config = engine_state.get_config();
+    let config = engine_state.get_config();
 
     if is_perf_true {
         info!("setup reedline {}:{}:{}", file!(), line!(), column!());
@@ -111,6 +121,25 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
 
     let sys = sysinfo::System::new();
 
+    let show_banner = config.show_banner;
+    let use_ansi = config.use_ansi_coloring;
+    if show_banner {
+        let banner = get_banner(engine_state, stack);
+        if use_ansi {
+            println!("{}", banner);
+        } else {
+            let stripped_string = {
+                if let Ok(bytes) = strip(&banner) {
+                    String::from_utf8_lossy(&bytes).to_string()
+                } else {
+                    banner
+                }
+            };
+
+            println!("{}", stripped_string);
+        }
+    }
+
     loop {
         if is_perf_true {
             info!(
@@ -121,6 +150,14 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
             );
         }
 
+        let cwd = get_guaranteed_cwd(engine_state, stack);
+
+        // Before doing anything, merge the environment from the previous REPL iteration into the
+        // permanent state.
+        if let Err(err) = engine_state.merge_env(stack, cwd) {
+            report_error_new(engine_state, &err);
+        }
+
         //Reset the ctrl-c handler
         if let Some(ctrlc) = &mut engine_state.ctrlc {
             ctrlc.store(false, Ordering::SeqCst);
@@ -130,7 +167,7 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
             sig_quit.store(false, Ordering::SeqCst);
         }
 
-        config = engine_state.get_config();
+        let config = engine_state.get_config();
 
         if is_perf_true {
             info!("setup colors {}:{}:{}", file!(), line!(), column!());
@@ -147,7 +184,6 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
                 engine_state: engine_state.clone(),
                 config: config.clone(),
             }))
-            .with_animation(config.animate_prompt)
             .with_validator(Box::new(NuValidator {
                 engine_state: engine_state.clone(),
             }))
@@ -201,7 +237,10 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
             if is_perf_true {
                 info!("sync history {}:{}:{}", file!(), line!(), column!());
             }
-            line_editor.sync_history().into_diagnostic()?;
+
+            if let Err(e) = line_editor.sync_history() {
+                warn!("Failed to sync history: {}", e);
+            }
         }
 
         if is_perf_true {
@@ -236,64 +275,22 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
 
         // Right before we start our prompt and take input from the user,
         // fire the "pre_prompt" hook
-        if let Some(hook) = &config.hooks.pre_prompt {
-            if let Err(err) = run_hook(engine_state, stack, vec![], hook) {
-                let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
-                report_error(&working_set, &err);
+        if let Some(hook) = config.hooks.pre_prompt.clone() {
+            if let Err(err) = eval_hook(engine_state, stack, vec![], &hook) {
+                report_error_new(engine_state, &err);
             }
         }
 
         // Next, check all the environment variables they ask for
         // fire the "env_change" hook
-        if let Some(hook) = config.hooks.env_change.clone() {
-            match hook {
-                Value::Record {
-                    cols, vals: blocks, ..
-                } => {
-                    for (idx, env_var) in cols.iter().enumerate() {
-                        let before = engine_state
-                            .previous_env_vars
-                            .get(env_var)
-                            .cloned()
-                            .unwrap_or_default();
-                        let after = stack.get_env_var(engine_state, env_var).unwrap_or_default();
-                        if before != after {
-                            if let Err(err) = run_hook(
-                                engine_state,
-                                stack,
-                                vec![before, after.clone()],
-                                &blocks[idx],
-                            ) {
-                                let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
-                                report_error(&working_set, &err);
-                            }
-
-                            engine_state
-                                .previous_env_vars
-                                .insert(env_var.to_string(), after);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                x => {
-                    let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
-                    report_error(
-                        &working_set,
-                        &ShellError::TypeMismatch(
-                            "record for 'env_change' hook".to_string(),
-                            x.span().unwrap_or_else(|_| Span::new(0, 0)),
-                        ),
-                    )
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        config = engine_state.get_config();
-
-        let shell_integration = config.shell_integration;
-        if shell_integration {
-            run_ansi_sequence(PRE_PROMPT_MARKER)?;
+        let config = engine_state.get_config();
+        if let Err(error) =
+            eval_env_change_hook(config.hooks.env_change.clone(), engine_state, stack)
+        {
+            report_error_new(engine_state, &error)
         }
 
+        let config = engine_state.get_config();
         let prompt =
             prompt_update::update_prompt(config, engine_state, stack, &mut nu_prompt, is_perf_true);
 
@@ -309,6 +306,7 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
         }
 
         let input = line_editor.read_line(prompt);
+        let shell_integration = config.shell_integration;
 
         match input {
             Ok(Signal::Success(s)) => {
@@ -328,32 +326,14 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
 
                 // Right before we start running the code the user gave us,
                 // fire the "pre_execution" hook
-                if let Some(hook) = &config.hooks.pre_execution {
-                    if let Err(err) = run_hook(engine_state, stack, vec![], hook) {
-                        let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
-                        report_error(&working_set, &err);
+                if let Some(hook) = config.hooks.pre_execution.clone() {
+                    if let Err(err) = eval_hook(engine_state, stack, vec![], &hook) {
+                        report_error_new(engine_state, &err);
                     }
                 }
 
                 if shell_integration {
-                    run_ansi_sequence(RESET_APPLICATION_MODE)?;
                     run_ansi_sequence(PRE_EXECUTE_MARKER)?;
-                    if let Some(cwd) = stack.get_env_var(engine_state, "PWD") {
-                        let path = cwd.as_string()?;
-                        // Try to abbreviate string for windows title
-                        let maybe_abbrev_path = if let Some(p) = nu_path::home_dir() {
-                            path.replace(&p.as_path().display().to_string(), "~")
-                        } else {
-                            path
-                        };
-
-                        // Set window title too
-                        // https://tldp.org/HOWTO/Xterm-Title-3.html
-                        // ESC]0;stringBEL -- Set icon name and window title to string
-                        // ESC]1;stringBEL -- Set icon name to string
-                        // ESC]2;stringBEL -- Set window title to string
-                        run_ansi_sequence(&format!("\x1b]2;{}\x07", maybe_abbrev_path))?;
-                    }
                 }
 
                 let start_time = Instant::now();
@@ -364,13 +344,7 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
 
                 let orig = s.clone();
 
-                if (orig.starts_with('.')
-                    || orig.starts_with('~')
-                    || orig.starts_with('/')
-                    || orig.starts_with('\\'))
-                    && path.is_dir()
-                    && tokens.0.len() == 1
-                {
+                if looks_like_path(&orig) && path.is_dir() && tokens.0.len() == 1 {
                     // We have an auto-cd
                     let (path, span) = {
                         if !path.exists() {
@@ -386,6 +360,14 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
                         (path.to_string_lossy().to_string(), tokens.0[0].span)
                     };
 
+                    stack.add_env_var(
+                        "OLDPWD".into(),
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: cwd.clone(),
+                            span: Span { start: 0, end: 0 },
+                        },
+                    );
+
                     //FIXME: this only changes the current scope, but instead this environment variable
                     //should probably be a block that loads the information from the state in the overlay
                     stack.add_env_var(
@@ -413,9 +395,23 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
                         0
                     };
 
+                    let last_shell = stack.get_env_var(engine_state, "NUSHELL_LAST_SHELL");
+                    let last_shell = if let Some(v) = last_shell {
+                        v.as_integer().unwrap_or_default() as usize
+                    } else {
+                        0
+                    };
+
                     shells[current_shell] = Value::String { val: path, span };
 
                     stack.add_env_var("NUSHELL_SHELLS".into(), Value::List { vals: shells, span });
+                    stack.add_env_var(
+                        "NUSHELL_LAST_SHELL".into(),
+                        Value::Int {
+                            val: last_shell as i64,
+                            span,
+                        },
+                    );
                 } else {
                     trace!("eval source: {}", s);
 
@@ -437,14 +433,6 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
                     },
                 );
 
-                // FIXME: permanent state changes like this hopefully in time can be removed
-                // and be replaced by just passing the cwd in where needed
-                if let Some(cwd) = stack.get_env_var(engine_state, "PWD") {
-                    let path = cwd.as_string()?;
-                    let _ = std::env::set_current_dir(path);
-                    engine_state.add_env_var("PWD".into(), cwd);
-                }
-
                 if history_supports_meta && !s.is_empty() {
                     line_editor
                         .update_last_command_context(&|mut c| {
@@ -458,20 +446,36 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
                 }
 
                 if shell_integration {
-                    // FIXME: use variant with exit code, if apropriate
-                    run_ansi_sequence(CMD_FINISHED_MARKER)?;
+                    run_ansi_sequence(&get_command_finished_marker(stack, engine_state))?;
+                    if let Some(cwd) = stack.get_env_var(engine_state, "PWD") {
+                        let path = cwd.as_string()?;
+                        // Try to abbreviate string for windows title
+                        let maybe_abbrev_path = if let Some(p) = nu_path::home_dir() {
+                            path.replace(&p.as_path().display().to_string(), "~")
+                        } else {
+                            path
+                        };
+
+                        // Set window title too
+                        // https://tldp.org/HOWTO/Xterm-Title-3.html
+                        // ESC]0;stringBEL -- Set icon name and window title to string
+                        // ESC]1;stringBEL -- Set icon name to string
+                        // ESC]2;stringBEL -- Set window title to string
+                        run_ansi_sequence(&format!("\x1b]2;{}\x07", maybe_abbrev_path))?;
+                    }
+                    run_ansi_sequence(RESET_APPLICATION_MODE)?;
                 }
             }
             Ok(Signal::CtrlC) => {
                 // `Reedline` clears the line content. New prompt is shown
                 if shell_integration {
-                    run_ansi_sequence(CMD_FINISHED_MARKER)?;
+                    run_ansi_sequence(&get_command_finished_marker(stack, engine_state))?;
                 }
             }
             Ok(Signal::CtrlD) => {
                 // When exiting clear to a new line
                 if shell_integration {
-                    run_ansi_sequence(CMD_FINISHED_MARKER)?;
+                    run_ansi_sequence(&get_command_finished_marker(stack, engine_state))?;
                 }
                 println!();
                 break;
@@ -482,7 +486,7 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
                     println!("Error: {:?}", err);
                 }
                 if shell_integration {
-                    run_ansi_sequence(CMD_FINISHED_MARKER)?;
+                    run_ansi_sequence(&get_command_finished_marker(stack, engine_state))?;
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -491,6 +495,392 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
     Ok(())
 }
 
+fn get_banner(engine_state: &mut EngineState, stack: &mut Stack) -> String {
+    let age = match eval_string_with_input(
+        engine_state,
+        stack,
+        None,
+        "(date now) - ('05/10/2019' | into datetime)",
+    ) {
+        Ok(Value::Duration { val, .. }) => format_duration(val),
+        _ => "".to_string(),
+    };
+
+    let banner = format!(
+        r#"{}     __  ,
+{} .--()°'.' {}Welcome to {}Nushell{},
+{}'|, . ,'   {}based on the {}nu{} language,
+{} !_-(_\    {}where all data is structured!
+
+Please join our {}Discord{} community at {}https://discord.gg/NtAbbGn{}
+Our {}GitHub{} repository is at {}https://github.com/nushell/nushell{}
+Our {}Documentation{} is located at {}http://nushell.sh{}
+{}Tweet{} us at {}@nu_shell{}
+
+{}Nushell{} has been around for:
+{}
+
+{}You can disable this banner using the {}config nu{}{} command
+to modify the config.nu file and setting show_banner to false.
+
+let-env config {{
+    show_banner: false
+    ...
+}}{}
+"#,
+        "\x1b[32m",   //start line 1 green
+        "\x1b[32m",   //start line 2
+        "\x1b[0m",    //before welcome
+        "\x1b[32m",   //before nushell
+        "\x1b[0m",    //after nushell
+        "\x1b[32m",   //start line 3
+        "\x1b[0m",    //before based
+        "\x1b[32m",   //before nu
+        "\x1b[0m",    //after nu
+        "\x1b[32m",   //start line 4
+        "\x1b[0m",    //before where
+        "\x1b[35m",   //before Discord purple
+        "\x1b[0m",    //after Discord
+        "\x1b[35m",   //before Discord URL
+        "\x1b[0m",    //after Discord URL
+        "\x1b[1;32m", //before GitHub green_bold
+        "\x1b[0m",    //after GitHub
+        "\x1b[1;32m", //before GitHub URL
+        "\x1b[0m",    //after GitHub URL
+        "\x1b[32m",   //before Documentation
+        "\x1b[0m",    //after Documentation
+        "\x1b[32m",   //before Documentation URL
+        "\x1b[0m",    //after Documentation URL
+        "\x1b[36m",   //before Tweet blue
+        "\x1b[0m",    //after Tweet
+        "\x1b[1;36m", //before @nu_shell cyan_bold
+        "\x1b[0m",    //after @nu_shell
+        "\x1b[32m",   //before Nushell
+        "\x1b[0m",    //after Nushell
+        age,
+        "\x1b[2;37m", //before banner disable dim white
+        "\x1b[2;36m", //before config nu dim cyan
+        "\x1b[0m",    //after config nu
+        "\x1b[2;37m", //after config nu dim white
+        "\x1b[0m",    //after banner disable
+    );
+
+    banner
+}
+
+// Taken from Nana's simple_eval
+/// Evaluate a block of Nu code, optionally with input.
+/// For example, source="$in * 2" will multiply the value in input by 2.
+pub fn eval_string_with_input(
+    engine_state: &mut EngineState,
+    stack: &mut Stack,
+    input: Option<Value>,
+    source: &str,
+) -> Result<Value, ShellError> {
+    let (block, delta) = {
+        let mut working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
+        let (output, _) = parse(&mut working_set, None, source.as_bytes(), false, &[]);
+
+        (output, working_set.render())
+    };
+
+    if let Err(err) = engine_state.merge_delta(delta) {
+        return Err(err);
+    }
+
+    let input_as_pipeline_data = match input {
+        Some(input) => PipelineData::Value(input, None),
+        None => PipelineData::new(Span::test_data()),
+    };
+
+    eval_block(
+        engine_state,
+        stack,
+        &block,
+        input_as_pipeline_data,
+        false,
+        true,
+    )
+    .map(|x| x.into_value(Span::test_data()))
+}
+
+pub fn get_command_finished_marker(stack: &Stack, engine_state: &EngineState) -> String {
+    let exit_code = stack
+        .get_env_var(engine_state, "LAST_EXIT_CODE")
+        .and_then(|e| e.as_i64().ok());
+
+    format!("\x1b]133;D;{}\x1b\\", exit_code.unwrap_or(0))
+}
+
+pub fn eval_env_change_hook(
+    env_change_hook: Option<Value>,
+    engine_state: &mut EngineState,
+    stack: &mut Stack,
+) -> Result<(), ShellError> {
+    if let Some(hook) = env_change_hook {
+        match hook {
+            Value::Record {
+                cols: env_names,
+                vals: hook_values,
+                ..
+            } => {
+                for (env_name, hook_value) in env_names.iter().zip(hook_values.iter()) {
+                    let before = engine_state
+                        .previous_env_vars
+                        .get(env_name)
+                        .cloned()
+                        .unwrap_or_default();
+
+                    let after = stack
+                        .get_env_var(engine_state, env_name)
+                        .unwrap_or_default();
+
+                    if before != after {
+                        eval_hook(
+                            engine_state,
+                            stack,
+                            vec![("$before".into(), before), ("$after".into(), after.clone())],
+                            hook_value,
+                        )?;
+
+                        engine_state
+                            .previous_env_vars
+                            .insert(env_name.to_string(), after);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            x => {
+                return Err(ShellError::TypeMismatch(
+                    "record for the 'env_change' hook".to_string(),
+                    x.span()?,
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn eval_hook(
+    engine_state: &mut EngineState,
+    stack: &mut Stack,
+    arguments: Vec<(String, Value)>,
+    value: &Value,
+) -> Result<(), ShellError> {
+    let value_span = value.span()?;
+
+    let condition_path = PathMember::String {
+        val: "condition".to_string(),
+        span: value_span,
+    };
+
+    let code_path = PathMember::String {
+        val: "code".to_string(),
+        span: value_span,
+    };
+
+    match value {
+        Value::List { vals, .. } => {
+            for val in vals {
+                eval_hook(engine_state, stack, arguments.clone(), val)?
+            }
+        }
+        Value::Record { .. } => {
+            let do_run_hook =
+                if let Ok(condition) = value.clone().follow_cell_path(&[condition_path], false) {
+                    match condition {
+                        Value::Block {
+                            val: block_id,
+                            span: block_span,
+                            ..
+                        } => {
+                            match run_hook_block(
+                                engine_state,
+                                stack,
+                                block_id,
+                                arguments.clone(),
+                                block_span,
+                            ) {
+                                Ok(value) => match value {
+                                    Value::Bool { val, .. } => val,
+                                    other => {
+                                        return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedConfigValue(
+                                            "boolean output".to_string(),
+                                            format!("{}", other.get_type()),
+                                            other.span()?,
+                                        ));
+                                    }
+                                },
+                                Err(err) => {
+                                    return Err(err);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        other => {
+                            return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedConfigValue(
+                                "block".to_string(),
+                                format!("{}", other.get_type()),
+                                other.span()?,
+                            ));
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    // always run the hook
+                    true
+                };
+
+            if do_run_hook {
+                match value.clone().follow_cell_path(&[code_path], false)? {
+                    Value::String {
+                        val,
+                        span: source_span,
+                    } => {
+                        let (block, delta, vars) = {
+                            let mut working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
+
+                            let mut vars: Vec<(VarId, Value)> = vec![];
+
+                            for (name, val) in arguments {
+                                let var_id = working_set.add_variable(
+                                    name.as_bytes().to_vec(),
+                                    val.span()?,
+                                    Type::Any,
+                                );
+
+                                vars.push((var_id, val));
+                            }
+
+                            let (output, err) =
+                                parse(&mut working_set, Some("hook"), val.as_bytes(), false, &[]);
+                            if let Some(err) = err {
+                                report_error(&working_set, &err);
+
+                                return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedConfigValue(
+                                    "valid source code".into(),
+                                    "source code with syntax errors".into(),
+                                    source_span,
+                                ));
+                            }
+
+                            (output, working_set.render(), vars)
+                        };
+
+                        engine_state.merge_delta(delta)?;
+                        let input = PipelineData::new(value_span);
+
+                        let var_ids: Vec<VarId> = vars
+                            .into_iter()
+                            .map(|(var_id, val)| {
+                                stack.add_var(var_id, val);
+                                var_id
+                            })
+                            .collect();
+
+                        match eval_block(engine_state, stack, &block, input, false, false) {
+                            Ok(_) => {}
+                            Err(err) => {
+                                report_error_new(engine_state, &err);
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        for var_id in var_ids.iter() {
+                            stack.vars.remove(var_id);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    Value::Block {
+                        val: block_id,
+                        span: block_span,
+                        ..
+                    } => {
+                        run_hook_block(engine_state, stack, block_id, arguments, block_span)?;
+                    }
+                    other => {
+                        return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedConfigValue(
+                            "block or string".to_string(),
+                            format!("{}", other.get_type()),
+                            other.span()?,
+                        ));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Value::Block {
+            val: block_id,
+            span: block_span,
+            ..
+        } => {
+            run_hook_block(engine_state, stack, *block_id, arguments, *block_span)?;
+        }
+        other => {
+            return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedConfigValue(
+                "block, record, or list of records".into(),
+                format!("{}", other.get_type()),
+                other.span()?,
+            ));
+        }
+    }
+
+    let cwd = get_guaranteed_cwd(engine_state, stack);
+    engine_state.merge_env(stack, cwd)?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn run_hook_block(
+    engine_state: &EngineState,
+    stack: &mut Stack,
+    block_id: BlockId,
+    arguments: Vec<(String, Value)>,
+    span: Span,
+) -> Result<Value, ShellError> {
+    let block = engine_state.get_block(block_id);
+
+    let input = PipelineData::new(span);
+
+    let mut callee_stack = stack.gather_captures(&block.captures);
+
+    for (idx, PositionalArg { var_id, .. }) in
+        block.signature.required_positional.iter().enumerate()
+    {
+        if let Some(var_id) = var_id {
+            if let Some(arg) = arguments.get(idx) {
+                callee_stack.add_var(*var_id, arg.1.clone())
+            } else {
+                return Err(ShellError::IncompatibleParametersSingle(
+                    "This hook block has too many parameters".into(),
+                    span,
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    match eval_block(engine_state, &mut callee_stack, block, input, false, false) {
+        Ok(pipeline_data) => match pipeline_data.into_value(span) {
+            Value::Error { error } => Err(error),
+            val => {
+                // If all went fine, preserve the environment of the called block
+                let caller_env_vars = stack.get_env_var_names(engine_state);
+
+                // remove env vars that are present in the caller but not in the callee
+                // (the callee hid them)
+                for var in caller_env_vars.iter() {
+                    if !callee_stack.has_env_var(engine_state, var) {
+                        stack.remove_env_var(engine_state, var);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // add new env vars from callee to caller
+                for (var, value) in callee_stack.get_stack_env_vars() {
+                    stack.add_env_var(var, value);
+                }
+
+                Ok(val)
+            }
+        },
+        Err(err) => Err(err),
+    }
+}
+
 fn run_ansi_sequence(seq: &str) -> Result<(), ShellError> {
     match io::stdout().write_all(seq.as_bytes()) {
         Ok(it) => it,
@@ -515,62 +905,33 @@ fn run_ansi_sequence(seq: &str) -> Result<(), ShellError> {
     })
 }
 
-pub fn run_hook(
-    engine_state: &EngineState,
-    stack: &mut Stack,
-    arguments: Vec<Value>,
-    value: &Value,
-) -> Result<(), ShellError> {
-    match value {
-        Value::List { vals, .. } => {
-            for val in vals {
-                run_hook(engine_state, stack, arguments.clone(), val)?
-            }
-            Ok(())
-        }
-        Value::Block {
-            val: block_id,
-            span,
-            ..
-        } => run_hook_block(engine_state, stack, *block_id, arguments, *span),
-        x => match x.span() {
-            Ok(span) => Err(ShellError::MissingConfigValue(
-                "block for hook in config".into(),
-                span,
-            )),
-            _ => Err(ShellError::MissingConfigValue(
-                "block for hook in config".into(),
-                Span { start: 0, end: 0 },
-            )),
-        },
-    }
+lazy_static! {
+    // Absolute paths with a drive letter, like 'C:', 'D:\', 'E:\foo'
+    static ref DRIVE_PATH_REGEX: Regex =
+        Regex::new(r"^[a-zA-Z]:[/\\]?").expect("Internal error: regex creation");
 }
 
-pub fn run_hook_block(
-    engine_state: &EngineState,
-    stack: &mut Stack,
-    block_id: BlockId,
-    arguments: Vec<Value>,
-    span: Span,
-) -> Result<(), ShellError> {
-    let block = engine_state.get_block(block_id);
-    let input = PipelineData::new(span);
-
-    let mut callee_stack = stack.gather_captures(&block.captures);
-
-    for (idx, PositionalArg { var_id, .. }) in
-        block.signature.required_positional.iter().enumerate()
+// A best-effort "does this string look kinda like a path?" function to determine whether to auto-cd
+fn looks_like_path(orig: &str) -> bool {
+    #[cfg(windows)]
     {
-        if let Some(var_id) = var_id {
-            callee_stack.add_var(*var_id, arguments[idx].clone())
+        if DRIVE_PATH_REGEX.is_match(orig).unwrap_or(false) {
+            return true;
         }
     }
 
-    match eval_block(engine_state, &mut callee_stack, block, input, false, false) {
-        Ok(pipeline_data) => match pipeline_data.into_value(span) {
-            Value::Error { error } => Err(error),
-            _ => Ok(()),
-        },
-        Err(err) => Err(err),
-    }
+    orig.starts_with('.')
+        || orig.starts_with('~')
+        || orig.starts_with('/')
+        || orig.starts_with('\\')
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn looks_like_path_windows_drive_path_works() {
+    let on_windows = cfg!(windows);
+    assert_eq!(looks_like_path("C:"), on_windows);
+    assert_eq!(looks_like_path("D:\\"), on_windows);
+    assert_eq!(looks_like_path("E:/"), on_windows);
+    assert_eq!(looks_like_path("F:\\some_dir"), on_windows);
+    assert_eq!(looks_like_path("G:/some_dir"), on_windows);
 }

crates/nu-cli/src/util.rs

@@ -224,16 +224,11 @@ pub fn eval_source(
         (output, working_set.render())
     };
 
-    let cwd = match nu_engine::env::current_dir(engine_state, stack) {
-        Ok(p) => p,
-        Err(e) => {
-            let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
-            report_error(&working_set, &e);
-            get_init_cwd()
-        }
-    };
-
-    let _ = engine_state.merge_delta(delta, Some(stack), &cwd);
+    if let Err(err) = engine_state.merge_delta(delta) {
+        set_last_exit_code(stack, 1);
+        report_error_new(engine_state, &err);
+        return false;
+    }
 
     match eval_block(engine_state, stack, &block, input, false, false) {
         Ok(mut pipeline_data) => {
@@ -297,6 +292,15 @@ pub fn report_error(
     }
 }
 
+pub fn report_error_new(
+    engine_state: &EngineState,
+    error: &(dyn miette::Diagnostic + Send + Sync + 'static),
+) {
+    let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
+
+    report_error(&working_set, error);
+}
+
 pub fn get_init_cwd() -> PathBuf {
     match std::env::current_dir() {
         Ok(cwd) => cwd,
@@ -310,6 +314,17 @@ pub fn get_init_cwd() -> PathBuf {
     }
 }
 
+pub fn get_guaranteed_cwd(engine_state: &EngineState, stack: &Stack) -> PathBuf {
+    match nu_engine::env::current_dir(engine_state, stack) {
+        Ok(p) => p,
+        Err(e) => {
+            let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
+            report_error(&working_set, &e);
+            get_init_cwd()
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
     use super::*;

crates/nu-cli/tests/custom_completions.rs

@@ -2,10 +2,24 @@ pub mod support;
 
 use nu_cli::NuCompleter;
 use reedline::Completer;
+use rstest::{fixture, rstest};
 use support::{match_suggestions, new_engine};
 
-#[test]
-fn variables_completions() {
+#[fixture]
+fn completer() -> NuCompleter {
+    // Create a new engine
+    let (dir, _, mut engine, mut stack) = new_engine();
+
+    // Add record value as example
+    let record = "def tst [--mod -s] {}";
+    assert!(support::merge_input(record.as_bytes(), &mut engine, &mut stack, dir).is_ok());
+
+    // Instantiate a new completer
+    NuCompleter::new(std::sync::Arc::new(engine), stack)
+}
+
+#[fixture]
+fn completer_strings() -> NuCompleter {
     // Create a new engine
     let (dir, _, mut engine, mut stack) = new_engine();
 
@@ -15,15 +29,41 @@ fn variables_completions() {
     assert!(support::merge_input(record.as_bytes(), &mut engine, &mut stack, dir).is_ok());
 
     // Instantiate a new completer
-    let mut completer = NuCompleter::new(std::sync::Arc::new(engine), stack);
+    NuCompleter::new(std::sync::Arc::new(engine), stack)
+}
 
-    // Test completions for $nu
-    let suggestions = completer.complete("my-command ", 11);
-
-    assert_eq!(3, suggestions.len());
-
-    let expected: Vec<String> = vec!["cat".into(), "dog".into(), "eel".into()];
-
-    // Match results
+#[rstest]
+fn variables_completions_double_dash_argument(mut completer: NuCompleter) {
+    let suggestions = completer.complete("tst --", 6);
+    let expected: Vec<String> = vec!["--help".into(), "--mod".into()];
+    // dbg!(&expected, &suggestions);
+    match_suggestions(expected, suggestions);
+}
+
+#[rstest]
+fn variables_completions_single_dash_argument(mut completer: NuCompleter) {
+    let suggestions = completer.complete("tst -", 5);
+    let expected: Vec<String> = vec!["--help".into(), "--mod".into(), "-h".into(), "-s".into()];
+    match_suggestions(expected, suggestions);
+}
+
+#[rstest]
+fn variables_completions_command(mut completer_strings: NuCompleter) {
+    let suggestions = completer_strings.complete("my-command ", 9);
+    let expected: Vec<String> = vec!["my-command".into()];
+    match_suggestions(expected, suggestions);
+}
+
+#[rstest]
+fn variables_completions_subcommands(mut completer_strings: NuCompleter) {
+    let suggestions = completer_strings.complete("my-command ", 11);
+    let expected: Vec<String> = vec!["cat".into(), "dog".into(), "eel".into()];
+    match_suggestions(expected, suggestions);
+}
+
+#[rstest]
+fn variables_completions_subcommands_2(mut completer_strings: NuCompleter) {
+    let suggestions = completer_strings.complete("my-command ", 11);
+    let expected: Vec<String> = vec!["cat".into(), "dog".into(), "eel".into()];
     match_suggestions(expected, suggestions);
 }

crates/nu-cli/tests/file_completions.rs

@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ fn file_completions() {
     // Match the results
     match_suggestions(expected_paths, suggestions);
 
-    // Test completions for the completions/another folder
-    let target_dir = format!("cd {}", folder(dir.join("another")));
+    // Test completions for a file
+    let target_dir = format!("cp {}", folder(dir.join("another")));
     let suggestions = completer.complete(&target_dir, target_dir.len());
 
     // Create the expected values

crates/nu-cli/tests/flag_completions.rs

@@ -14,15 +14,17 @@ fn flag_completions() {
     // Test completions for the 'ls' flags
     let suggestions = completer.complete("ls -", 4);
 
-    assert_eq!(12, suggestions.len());
+    assert_eq!(14, suggestions.len());
 
     let expected: Vec<String> = vec![
         "--all".into(),
+        "--directory".into(),
         "--du".into(),
         "--full-paths".into(),
         "--help".into(),
         "--long".into(),
         "--short-names".into(),
+        "-D".into(),
         "-a".into(),
         "-d".into(),
         "-f".into(),

crates/nu-cli/tests/support/completions_helpers.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use nu_command::create_default_context;
 use nu_engine::eval_block;
 use nu_parser::parse;
 use nu_protocol::{
-    engine::{EngineState, Stack, StateDelta, StateWorkingSet},
+    engine::{EngineState, Stack, StateWorkingSet},
     PipelineData, ShellError, Span, Value,
 };
 use nu_test_support::fs;
@@ -23,14 +23,11 @@ pub fn new_engine() -> (PathBuf, String, EngineState, Stack) {
     dir_str.push(SEP);
 
     // Create a new engine with default context
-    let mut engine_state = create_default_context(&dir);
+    let mut engine_state = create_default_context();
 
     // New stack
     let mut stack = Stack::new();
 
-    // New delta state
-    let delta = StateDelta::new(&engine_state);
-
     // Add pwd as env var
     stack.add_env_var(
         "PWD".to_string(),
@@ -53,8 +50,8 @@ pub fn new_engine() -> (PathBuf, String, EngineState, Stack) {
         },
     );
 
-    // Merge delta
-    let merge_result = engine_state.merge_delta(delta, Some(&mut stack), &dir);
+    // Merge environment into the permanent state
+    let merge_result = engine_state.merge_env(&mut stack, &dir);
     assert!(merge_result.is_ok());
 
     (dir, dir_str, engine_state, stack)
@@ -62,6 +59,15 @@ pub fn new_engine() -> (PathBuf, String, EngineState, Stack) {
 
 // match a list of suggestions with the expected values
 pub fn match_suggestions(expected: Vec<String>, suggestions: Vec<Suggestion>) {
+    let expected_len = expected.len();
+    let suggestions_len = suggestions.len();
+    if expected_len != suggestions_len {
+        panic!(
+            "\nexpected {expected_len} suggestions but got {suggestions_len}: \n\
+            Suggestions: {suggestions:#?} \n\
+            Expected: {expected:#?}\n"
+        )
+    }
     expected.iter().zip(suggestions).for_each(|it| {
         assert_eq!(it.0, &it.1.value);
     });
@@ -97,6 +103,11 @@ pub fn merge_input(
 
         (block, working_set.render())
     };
+
+    if let Err(err) = engine_state.merge_delta(delta) {
+        return Err(err);
+    }
+
     assert!(eval_block(
         engine_state,
         stack,
@@ -112,6 +123,6 @@ pub fn merge_input(
     )
     .is_ok());
 
-    // Merge delta
-    engine_state.merge_delta(delta, Some(stack), &dir)
+    // Merge environment into the permanent state
+    engine_state.merge_env(stack, &dir)
 }

crates/nu-color-config/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
 [package]
 authors = ["The Nushell Project Developers"]
 description = "Color configuration code used by Nushell"
+repository = "https://github.com/nushell/nushell/tree/main/crates/nu-color-config"
 edition = "2021"
 license = "MIT"
 name = "nu-color-config"
-version = "0.65.0"
+version = "0.67.0"
 
 [dependencies]
-nu-protocol = { path = "../nu-protocol", version = "0.65.0"  }
+nu-protocol = { path = "../nu-protocol", version = "0.67.0"  }
 nu-ansi-term = "0.46.0"
-nu-json = { path = "../nu-json", version = "0.65.0"  }
-nu-table = { path = "../nu-table", version = "0.65.0"  }
+nu-json = { path = "../nu-json", version = "0.67.0"  }
+nu-table = { path = "../nu-table", version = "0.67.0"  }
 serde = { version="1.0.123", features=["derive"] }

crates/nu-color-config/src/nu_style.rs

@@ -11,12 +11,12 @@ pub struct NuStyle {
 pub fn parse_nustyle(nu_style: NuStyle) -> Style {
     // get the nu_ansi_term::Color foreground color
     let fg_color = match nu_style.fg {
-        Some(fg) => color_from_hex(&fg).expect("error with foreground color"),
+        Some(fg) => color_from_hex(&fg).unwrap_or_default(),
         _ => None,
     };
     // get the nu_ansi_term::Color background color
     let bg_color = match nu_style.bg {
-        Some(bg) => color_from_hex(&bg).expect("error with background color"),
+        Some(bg) => color_from_hex(&bg).unwrap_or_default(),
         _ => None,
     };
     // get the attributes

crates/nu-command/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,29 +1,31 @@
 [package]
 authors = ["The Nushell Project Developers"]
 description = "Nushell's built-in commands"
+repository = "https://github.com/nushell/nushell/tree/main/crates/nu-command"
 edition = "2021"
 license = "MIT"
 name = "nu-command"
-version = "0.65.0"
+version = "0.67.0"
 build = "build.rs"
 
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
 
 [dependencies]
-nu-color-config = { path = "../nu-color-config", version = "0.65.0"  }
-nu-engine = { path = "../nu-engine", version = "0.65.0"  }
-nu-glob = { path = "../nu-glob", version = "0.65.0" }
-nu-json = { path = "../nu-json", version = "0.65.0"  }
-nu-parser = { path = "../nu-parser", version = "0.65.0"  }
-nu-path = { path = "../nu-path", version = "0.65.0"  }
-nu-pretty-hex = { path = "../nu-pretty-hex", version = "0.65.0"  }
-nu-protocol = { path = "../nu-protocol", version = "0.65.0"  }
-nu-system = { path = "../nu-system", version = "0.65.0"  }
-nu-table = { path = "../nu-table", version = "0.65.0"  }
-nu-term-grid = { path = "../nu-term-grid", version = "0.65.0"  }
-nu-test-support = { path = "../nu-test-support", version = "0.65.0"  }
-nu-utils = { path = "../nu-utils", version = "0.65.0" }
+nu-color-config = { path = "../nu-color-config", version = "0.67.0"  }
+nu-engine = { path = "../nu-engine", version = "0.67.0"  }
+nu-glob = { path = "../nu-glob", version = "0.67.0" }
+nu-json = { path = "../nu-json", version = "0.67.0"  }
+nu-parser = { path = "../nu-parser", version = "0.67.0"  }
+nu-path = { path = "../nu-path", version = "0.67.0"  }
+nu-pretty-hex = { path = "../nu-pretty-hex", version = "0.67.0"  }
+nu-protocol = { path = "../nu-protocol", version = "0.67.0"  }
+nu-system = { path = "../nu-system", version = "0.67.0"  }
+nu-table = { path = "../nu-table", version = "0.67.0"  }
+nu-term-grid = { path = "../nu-term-grid", version = "0.67.0"  }
+nu-test-support = { path = "../nu-test-support", version = "0.67.0"  }
+nu-utils = { path = "../nu-utils", version = "0.67.0" }
 nu-ansi-term = "0.46.0"
+num-format = { version = "0.4.0" }
 
 # Potential dependencies for extras
 alphanumeric-sort = "1.4.4"
@@ -31,16 +33,17 @@ base64 = "0.13.0"
 byteorder = "1.4.3"
 bytesize = "1.1.0"
 calamine = "0.18.0"
-chrono = { version = "0.4.19", features = ["serde"] }
+chrono = { version = "0.4.21", features = ["serde", "unstable-locales"] }
 chrono-humanize = "0.2.1"
-chrono-tz = "0.6.1"
-crossterm = "0.23.0"
+chrono-tz = "0.6.3"
+crossterm = "0.24.0"
 csv = "1.1.6"
 dialoguer = "0.9.0"
 digest = "0.10.0"
 dtparse = "1.2.0"
 eml-parser = "0.1.0"
 encoding_rs = "0.8.30"
+fancy-regex = "0.10.0"
 filesize = "0.2.0"
 filetime = "0.2.15"
 fs_extra = "1.2.0"
@@ -52,62 +55,79 @@ is-root = "0.1.2"
 itertools = "0.10.0"
 lazy_static = "1.4.0"
 log = "0.4.14"
-lscolors = { version = "0.9.0", features = ["crossterm"]}
+lscolors = { version = "0.12.0", features = ["crossterm"]}
 md5 = { package = "md-5", version = "0.10.0" }
 meval = "0.2.0"
 mime = "0.3.16"
 notify = "4.0.17"
 num = { version = "0.4.0", optional = true }
+num-traits = "0.2.14"
 pathdiff = "0.2.1"
-powierza-coefficient = "1.0"
-quick-xml = "0.22"
+powierza-coefficient = "1.0.1"
+quick-xml = "0.23.0"
 rand = "0.8"
 rayon = "1.5.1"
-regex = "1.5.4"
 reqwest = {version = "0.11", features = ["blocking", "json"] }
 roxmltree = "0.14.0"
 rust-embed = "6.3.0"
 serde = { version="1.0.123", features=["derive"] }
 serde_ini = "0.2.0"
 serde_urlencoded = "0.7.0"
-serde_yaml = "0.8.16"
+serde_yaml = "0.9.4"
 sha2 = "0.10.0"
 # Disable default features b/c the default features build Git (very slow to compile)
-shadow-rs = { version = "0.11.0", default-features = false }
+shadow-rs = { version = "0.16.1", default-features = false }
 strip-ansi-escapes = "0.1.1"
-sysinfo = "0.23.5"
-terminal_size = "0.1.17"
+sysinfo = "0.25.2"
+terminal_size = "0.2.1"
 thiserror = "1.0.31"
-titlecase = "1.1.0"
+titlecase = "2.0.0"
 toml = "0.5.8"
 unicode-segmentation = "1.8.0"
 url = "2.2.1"
-uuid = { version = "0.8.2", features = ["v4"] }
+uuid = { version = "1.1.2", features = ["v4"] }
 which = { version = "4.2.2", optional = true }
-reedline = { version = "0.8.0", features = ["bashisms", "sqlite"]}
-wax = { version =  "0.4.0", features = ["diagnostics"] }
-rusqlite = { version = "0.27.0", features = ["bundled"], optional = true }
+reedline = { version = "0.10.0", features = ["bashisms", "sqlite"]}
+wax = { version =  "0.5.0", features = ["diagnostics"] }
+rusqlite = { version = "0.28.0", features = ["bundled"], optional = true }
 sqlparser = { version = "0.16.0", features = ["serde"], optional = true }
 
 [target.'cfg(unix)'.dependencies]
 umask = "2.0.0"
 users = "0.11.0"
-signal-hook = { version = "0.3.14", default-features = false }
 
 [target.'cfg(not(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "ios")))'.dependencies.trash]
 version = "2.1.3"
 optional = true
 
 [dependencies.polars]
-version = "0.22.8"
-# path = "../../../../polars/polars"
+version = "0.23.2"
 optional = true
 features = [
-	"default", "to_dummies", "parquet", "json", "serde", "serde-lazy",
-	"object", "checked_arithmetic", "strings", "cum_agg", "is_in",
-	"rolling_window", "strings", "rows", "random",
-  "dtype-datetime", "dtype-struct", "lazy", "cross_join",
-	"dynamic_groupby", "dtype-categorical"
+	"arg_where",
+	"checked_arithmetic",
+	"concat_str",
+	"cross_join",
+	"csv-file",
+	"cum_agg",
+	"default",
+	"dtype-datetime",
+	"dtype-struct",
+	"dtype-categorical",
+	"dynamic_groupby",
+	"is_in",
+	"json",
+	"lazy",
+	"object",
+	"parquet",
+	"random",
+	"rolling_window",
+	"rows",
+	"serde",
+	"serde-lazy",
+	"strings",
+	"strings",
+	"to_dummies",
 ]
 
 [target.'cfg(windows)'.dependencies.windows]
@@ -127,11 +147,11 @@ dataframe = ["polars", "num"]
 database = ["sqlparser", "rusqlite"]
 
 [build-dependencies]
-shadow-rs = { version = "0.11.0", default-features = false }
+shadow-rs = { version = "0.16.1", default-features = false }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 hamcrest2 = "0.3.0"
 dirs-next = "2.0.0"
 quickcheck = "1.0.3"
 quickcheck_macros = "1.0.0"
-rstest = "0.12.0"
+rstest = {version = "0.15.0", default-features = false}

crates/nu-command/build.rs

@@ -3,16 +3,18 @@ use std::process::Command;
 fn main() -> shadow_rs::SdResult<()> {
     // Look up the current Git commit ourselves instead of relying on shadow_rs,
     // because shadow_rs does it in a really slow-to-compile way (it builds libgit2)
-    let hash = get_git_hash().expect("failed to get latest git commit hash");
+    let hash = get_git_hash().unwrap_or_default();
     println!("cargo:rustc-env=NU_COMMIT_HASH={}", hash);
 
     shadow_rs::new()
 }
 
-fn get_git_hash() -> Result<String, std::io::Error> {
-    let out = Command::new("git").args(["rev-parse", "HEAD"]).output()?;
-    Ok(String::from_utf8(out.stdout)
-        .expect("could not convert stdout to string")
-        .trim()
-        .to_string())
+fn get_git_hash() -> Option<String> {
+    Command::new("git")
+        .args(["rev-parse", "HEAD"])
+        .output()
+        .ok()
+        .filter(|output| output.status.success())
+        .and_then(|output| String::from_utf8(output.stdout).ok())
+        .map(|hash| hash.trim().to_string())
 }

crates/nu-command/src/bits/and.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+use nu_engine::CallExt;
+use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
+use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
+use nu_protocol::{
+    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Value,
+};
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct SubCommand;
+
+impl Command for SubCommand {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "bits and"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build("bits and")
+            .required(
+                "target",
+                SyntaxShape::Int,
+                "target integer to perform bit and",
+            )
+            .category(Category::Bits)
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Performs bitwise and for integers"
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["logic and"]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
+        let head = call.head;
+        let target: i64 = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+
+        input.map(
+            move |value| operate(value, target, head),
+            engine_state.ctrlc.clone(),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![
+            Example {
+                description: "Apply bits and to two numbers",
+                example: "2 | bits and 2",
+                result: Some(Value::Int {
+                    val: 2,
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Apply logical and to a list of numbers",
+                example: "[4 3 2] | bits and 2",
+                result: Some(Value::List {
+                    vals: vec![Value::test_int(0), Value::test_int(2), Value::test_int(2)],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+        ]
+    }
+}
+
+fn operate(value: Value, target: i64, head: Span) -> Value {
+    match value {
+        Value::Int { val, span } => Value::Int {
+            val: val & target,
+            span,
+        },
+        other => Value::Error {
+            error: ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                format!(
+                    "Only integer values are supported, input type: {:?}",
+                    other.get_type()
+                ),
+                other.span().unwrap_or(head),
+            ),
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        use crate::test_examples;
+
+        test_examples(SubCommand {})
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/bits/bits_.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+use nu_engine::get_full_help;
+use nu_protocol::{
+    ast::Call,
+    engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
+    Category, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, Signature, Value,
+};
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct Bits;
+
+impl Command for Bits {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "bits"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build("bits").category(Category::Bits)
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Various commands for working with bits"
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        _input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
+        Ok(Value::String {
+            val: get_full_help(&Bits.signature(), &Bits.examples(), engine_state, stack),
+            span: call.head,
+        }
+        .into_pipeline_data())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use crate::Bits;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        use crate::test_examples;
+
+        test_examples(Bits {})
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/bits/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+mod and;
+mod bits_;
+mod not;
+mod or;
+mod rotate_left;
+mod rotate_right;
+mod shift_left;
+mod shift_right;
+mod xor;
+
+use nu_protocol::Spanned;
+
+pub use and::SubCommand as BitsAnd;
+pub use bits_::Bits;
+pub use not::SubCommand as BitsNot;
+pub use or::SubCommand as BitsOr;
+pub use rotate_left::SubCommand as BitsRotateLeft;
+pub use rotate_right::SubCommand as BitsRotateRight;
+pub use shift_left::SubCommand as BitsShiftLeft;
+pub use shift_right::SubCommand as BitsShiftRight;
+pub use xor::SubCommand as BitsXor;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+enum NumberBytes {
+    One,
+    Two,
+    Four,
+    Eight,
+    Auto,
+    Invalid,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+enum InputNumType {
+    One,
+    Two,
+    Four,
+    Eight,
+    SignedOne,
+    SignedTwo,
+    SignedFour,
+    SignedEight,
+}
+
+fn get_number_bytes(number_bytes: &Option<Spanned<String>>) -> NumberBytes {
+    match number_bytes.as_ref() {
+        None => NumberBytes::Eight,
+        Some(size) => match size.item.as_str() {
+            "1" => NumberBytes::One,
+            "2" => NumberBytes::Two,
+            "4" => NumberBytes::Four,
+            "8" => NumberBytes::Eight,
+            "auto" => NumberBytes::Auto,
+            _ => NumberBytes::Invalid,
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+fn get_input_num_type(val: i64, signed: bool, number_size: NumberBytes) -> InputNumType {
+    if signed || val < 0 {
+        match number_size {
+            NumberBytes::One => InputNumType::SignedOne,
+            NumberBytes::Two => InputNumType::SignedTwo,
+            NumberBytes::Four => InputNumType::SignedFour,
+            NumberBytes::Eight => InputNumType::SignedEight,
+            NumberBytes::Auto => {
+                if val <= 0x7F && val >= -(2i64.pow(7)) {
+                    InputNumType::SignedOne
+                } else if val <= 0x7FFF && val >= -(2i64.pow(15)) {
+                    InputNumType::SignedTwo
+                } else if val <= 0x7FFFFFFF && val >= -(2i64.pow(31)) {
+                    InputNumType::SignedFour
+                } else {
+                    InputNumType::SignedEight
+                }
+            }
+            NumberBytes::Invalid => InputNumType::SignedFour,
+        }
+    } else {
+        match number_size {
+            NumberBytes::One => InputNumType::One,
+            NumberBytes::Two => InputNumType::Two,
+            NumberBytes::Four => InputNumType::Four,
+            NumberBytes::Eight => InputNumType::Eight,
+            NumberBytes::Auto => {
+                if val <= 0xFF {
+                    InputNumType::One
+                } else if val <= 0xFFFF {
+                    InputNumType::Two
+                } else if val <= 0xFFFFFFFF {
+                    InputNumType::Four
+                } else {
+                    InputNumType::Eight
+                }
+            }
+            NumberBytes::Invalid => InputNumType::Four,
+        }
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/bits/not.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+use super::{get_number_bytes, NumberBytes};
+use nu_engine::CallExt;
+use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
+use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
+use nu_protocol::{
+    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Spanned, SyntaxShape, Value,
+};
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct SubCommand;
+
+impl Command for SubCommand {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "bits not"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build("bits not")
+            .switch(
+                "signed",
+                "always treat input number as a signed number",
+                Some('s'),
+            )
+            .named(
+                "number-bytes",
+                SyntaxShape::String,
+                "the size of unsigned number in bytes, it can be 1, 2, 4, 8, auto",
+                Some('n'),
+            )
+            .category(Category::Bits)
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Performs logical negation on each bit"
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["negation"]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
+        let head = call.head;
+        let signed = call.has_flag("signed");
+        let number_bytes: Option<Spanned<String>> =
+            call.get_flag(engine_state, stack, "number-bytes")?;
+        let bytes_len = get_number_bytes(&number_bytes);
+        if let NumberBytes::Invalid = bytes_len {
+            if let Some(val) = number_bytes {
+                return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                    "Only 1, 2, 4, 8, or 'auto' bytes are supported as word sizes".to_string(),
+                    val.span,
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+
+        input.map(
+            move |value| operate(value, head, signed, bytes_len),
+            engine_state.ctrlc.clone(),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![
+            Example {
+                description: "Apply logical negation to a list of numbers",
+                example: "[4 3 2] | bits not",
+                result: Some(Value::List {
+                    vals: vec![
+                        Value::test_int(140737488355323),
+                        Value::test_int(140737488355324),
+                        Value::test_int(140737488355325),
+                    ],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description:
+                    "Apply logical negation to a list of numbers, treat input as 2 bytes number",
+                example: "[4 3 2] | bits not -n 2",
+                result: Some(Value::List {
+                    vals: vec![
+                        Value::test_int(65531),
+                        Value::test_int(65532),
+                        Value::test_int(65533),
+                    ],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description:
+                    "Apply logical negation to a list of numbers, treat input as signed number",
+                example: "[4 3 2] | bits not -s",
+                result: Some(Value::List {
+                    vals: vec![
+                        Value::test_int(-5),
+                        Value::test_int(-4),
+                        Value::test_int(-3),
+                    ],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+        ]
+    }
+}
+
+fn operate(value: Value, head: Span, signed: bool, number_size: NumberBytes) -> Value {
+    match value {
+        Value::Int { val, span } => {
+            if signed || val < 0 {
+                Value::Int { val: !val, span }
+            } else {
+                use NumberBytes::*;
+                let out_val = match number_size {
+                    One => !val & 0x00_00_00_00_00_FF,
+                    Two => !val & 0x00_00_00_00_FF_FF,
+                    Four => !val & 0x00_00_FF_FF_FF_FF,
+                    Eight => !val & 0x7F_FF_FF_FF_FF_FF,
+                    Auto => {
+                        if val <= 0xFF {
+                            !val & 0x00_00_00_00_00_FF
+                        } else if val <= 0xFF_FF {
+                            !val & 0x00_00_00_00_FF_FF
+                        } else if val <= 0xFF_FF_FF_FF {
+                            !val & 0x00_00_FF_FF_FF_FF
+                        } else {
+                            !val & 0x7F_FF_FF_FF_FF_FF
+                        }
+                    }
+                    // This case shouldn't happen here, as it's handled before
+                    Invalid => 0,
+                };
+                Value::Int { val: out_val, span }
+            }
+        }
+        other => Value::Error {
+            error: ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                format!(
+                    "Only numerical values are supported, input type: {:?}",
+                    other.get_type()
+                ),
+                other.span().unwrap_or(head),
+            ),
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        use crate::test_examples;
+
+        test_examples(SubCommand {})
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/bits/or.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+use nu_engine::CallExt;
+use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
+use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
+use nu_protocol::{
+    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Value,
+};
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct SubCommand;
+
+impl Command for SubCommand {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "bits or"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build("bits or")
+            .required(
+                "target",
+                SyntaxShape::Int,
+                "target integer to perform bit or",
+            )
+            .category(Category::Bits)
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Performs bitwise or for integers"
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["logic or"]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
+        let head = call.head;
+        let target: i64 = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+
+        input.map(
+            move |value| operate(value, target, head),
+            engine_state.ctrlc.clone(),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![
+            Example {
+                description: "Apply bits or to two numbers",
+                example: "2 | bits or 6",
+                result: Some(Value::Int {
+                    val: 6,
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Apply logical or to a list of numbers",
+                example: "[8 3 2] | bits or 2",
+                result: Some(Value::List {
+                    vals: vec![Value::test_int(10), Value::test_int(3), Value::test_int(2)],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+        ]
+    }
+}
+
+fn operate(value: Value, target: i64, head: Span) -> Value {
+    match value {
+        Value::Int { val, span } => Value::Int {
+            val: val | target,
+            span,
+        },
+        other => Value::Error {
+            error: ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                format!(
+                    "Only integer values are supported, input type: {:?}",
+                    other.get_type()
+                ),
+                other.span().unwrap_or(head),
+            ),
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        use crate::test_examples;
+
+        test_examples(SubCommand {})
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/bits/rotate_left.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+use super::{get_input_num_type, get_number_bytes, InputNumType, NumberBytes};
+use nu_engine::CallExt;
+use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
+use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
+use nu_protocol::{
+    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Spanned, SyntaxShape, Value,
+};
+use num_traits::int::PrimInt;
+use std::fmt::Display;
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct SubCommand;
+
+impl Command for SubCommand {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "bits rol"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build("bits rol")
+            .required("bits", SyntaxShape::Int, "number of bits to rotate left")
+            .switch(
+                "signed",
+                "always treat input number as a signed number",
+                Some('s'),
+            )
+            .named(
+                "number-bytes",
+                SyntaxShape::String,
+                "the word size in number of bytes, it can be 1, 2, 4, 8, auto, default value `8`",
+                Some('n'),
+            )
+            .category(Category::Bits)
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Bitwise rotate left for integers"
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["rotate left"]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
+        let head = call.head;
+        let bits: usize = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        let signed = call.has_flag("signed");
+        let number_bytes: Option<Spanned<String>> =
+            call.get_flag(engine_state, stack, "number-bytes")?;
+        let bytes_len = get_number_bytes(&number_bytes);
+        if let NumberBytes::Invalid = bytes_len {
+            if let Some(val) = number_bytes {
+                return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                    "Only 1, 2, 4, 8, or 'auto' bytes are supported as word sizes".to_string(),
+                    val.span,
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+
+        input.map(
+            move |value| operate(value, bits, head, signed, bytes_len),
+            engine_state.ctrlc.clone(),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![
+            Example {
+                description: "Rotate left a number with 2 bits",
+                example: "17 | bits rol 2",
+                result: Some(Value::Int {
+                    val: 68,
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Rotate left a list of numbers with 2 bits",
+                example: "[5 3 2] | bits rol 2",
+                result: Some(Value::List {
+                    vals: vec![Value::test_int(20), Value::test_int(12), Value::test_int(8)],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+        ]
+    }
+}
+
+fn get_rotate_left<T: Display + PrimInt>(val: T, bits: u32, span: Span) -> Value
+where
+    i64: std::convert::TryFrom<T>,
+{
+    let rotate_result = i64::try_from(val.rotate_left(bits));
+    match rotate_result {
+        Ok(val) => Value::Int { val, span },
+        Err(_) => Value::Error {
+            error: ShellError::GenericError(
+                "Rotate left result beyond the range of 64 bit signed number".to_string(),
+                format!(
+                    "{} of the specified number of bytes rotate left {} bits exceed limit",
+                    val, bits
+                ),
+                Some(span),
+                None,
+                Vec::new(),
+            ),
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+fn operate(value: Value, bits: usize, head: Span, signed: bool, number_size: NumberBytes) -> Value {
+    match value {
+        Value::Int { val, span } => {
+            use InputNumType::*;
+            // let bits = (((bits % 64) + 64) % 64) as u32;
+            let bits = bits as u32;
+            let input_type = get_input_num_type(val, signed, number_size);
+            match input_type {
+                One => get_rotate_left(val as u8, bits, span),
+                Two => get_rotate_left(val as u16, bits, span),
+                Four => get_rotate_left(val as u32, bits, span),
+                Eight => get_rotate_left(val as u64, bits, span),
+                SignedOne => get_rotate_left(val as i8, bits, span),
+                SignedTwo => get_rotate_left(val as i16, bits, span),
+                SignedFour => get_rotate_left(val as i32, bits, span),
+                SignedEight => get_rotate_left(val as i64, bits, span),
+            }
+        }
+        other => Value::Error {
+            error: ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                format!(
+                    "Only integer values are supported, input type: {:?}",
+                    other.get_type()
+                ),
+                other.span().unwrap_or(head),
+            ),
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        use crate::test_examples;
+
+        test_examples(SubCommand {})
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/bits/rotate_right.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+use super::{get_input_num_type, get_number_bytes, InputNumType, NumberBytes};
+use nu_engine::CallExt;
+use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
+use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
+use nu_protocol::{
+    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Spanned, SyntaxShape, Value,
+};
+use num_traits::int::PrimInt;
+use std::fmt::Display;
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct SubCommand;
+
+impl Command for SubCommand {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "bits ror"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build("bits ror")
+            .required("bits", SyntaxShape::Int, "number of bits to rotate right")
+            .switch(
+                "signed",
+                "always treat input number as a signed number",
+                Some('s'),
+            )
+            .named(
+                "number-bytes",
+                SyntaxShape::String,
+                "the word size in number of bytes, it can be 1, 2, 4, 8, auto, default value `8`",
+                Some('n'),
+            )
+            .category(Category::Bits)
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Bitwise rotate right for integers"
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["rotate right"]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
+        let head = call.head;
+        let bits: usize = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        let signed = call.has_flag("signed");
+        let number_bytes: Option<Spanned<String>> =
+            call.get_flag(engine_state, stack, "number-bytes")?;
+        let bytes_len = get_number_bytes(&number_bytes);
+        if let NumberBytes::Invalid = bytes_len {
+            if let Some(val) = number_bytes {
+                return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                    "Only 1, 2, 4, 8, or 'auto' bytes are supported as word sizes".to_string(),
+                    val.span,
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+
+        input.map(
+            move |value| operate(value, bits, head, signed, bytes_len),
+            engine_state.ctrlc.clone(),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![
+            Example {
+                description: "Rotate right a number with 60 bits",
+                example: "17 | bits ror 60",
+                result: Some(Value::Int {
+                    val: 272,
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Rotate right a list of numbers of one byte",
+                example: "[15 33 92] | bits ror 2 -n 1",
+                result: Some(Value::List {
+                    vals: vec![
+                        Value::test_int(195),
+                        Value::test_int(72),
+                        Value::test_int(23),
+                    ],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+        ]
+    }
+}
+
+fn get_rotate_right<T: Display + PrimInt>(val: T, bits: u32, span: Span) -> Value
+where
+    i64: std::convert::TryFrom<T>,
+{
+    let rotate_result = i64::try_from(val.rotate_right(bits));
+    match rotate_result {
+        Ok(val) => Value::Int { val, span },
+        Err(_) => Value::Error {
+            error: ShellError::GenericError(
+                "Rotate right result beyond the range of 64 bit signed number".to_string(),
+                format!(
+                    "{} of the specified number of bytes rotate right {} bits exceed limit",
+                    val, bits
+                ),
+                Some(span),
+                None,
+                Vec::new(),
+            ),
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+fn operate(value: Value, bits: usize, head: Span, signed: bool, number_size: NumberBytes) -> Value {
+    match value {
+        Value::Int { val, span } => {
+            use InputNumType::*;
+            // let bits = (((bits % 64) + 64) % 64) as u32;
+            let bits = bits as u32;
+            let input_type = get_input_num_type(val, signed, number_size);
+            match input_type {
+                One => get_rotate_right(val as u8, bits, span),
+                Two => get_rotate_right(val as u16, bits, span),
+                Four => get_rotate_right(val as u32, bits, span),
+                Eight => get_rotate_right(val as u64, bits, span),
+                SignedOne => get_rotate_right(val as i8, bits, span),
+                SignedTwo => get_rotate_right(val as i16, bits, span),
+                SignedFour => get_rotate_right(val as i32, bits, span),
+                SignedEight => get_rotate_right(val as i64, bits, span),
+            }
+        }
+        other => Value::Error {
+            error: ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                format!(
+                    "Only integer values are supported, input type: {:?}",
+                    other.get_type()
+                ),
+                other.span().unwrap_or(head),
+            ),
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        use crate::test_examples;
+
+        test_examples(SubCommand {})
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/bits/shift_left.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+use super::{get_input_num_type, get_number_bytes, InputNumType, NumberBytes};
+use nu_engine::CallExt;
+use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
+use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
+use nu_protocol::{
+    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Spanned, SyntaxShape, Value,
+};
+use num_traits::CheckedShl;
+use std::fmt::Display;
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct SubCommand;
+
+impl Command for SubCommand {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "bits shl"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build("bits shl")
+            .required("bits", SyntaxShape::Int, "number of bits to shift left")
+            .switch(
+                "signed",
+                "always treat input number as a signed number",
+                Some('s'),
+            )
+            .named(
+                "number-bytes",
+                SyntaxShape::String,
+                "the word size in number of bytes, it can be 1, 2, 4, 8, auto, default value `8`",
+                Some('n'),
+            )
+            .category(Category::Bits)
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Bitwise shift left for integers"
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["shift left"]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
+        let head = call.head;
+        let bits: usize = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        let signed = call.has_flag("signed");
+        let number_bytes: Option<Spanned<String>> =
+            call.get_flag(engine_state, stack, "number-bytes")?;
+        let bytes_len = get_number_bytes(&number_bytes);
+        if let NumberBytes::Invalid = bytes_len {
+            if let Some(val) = number_bytes {
+                return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                    "Only 1, 2, 4, 8, or 'auto' bytes are supported as word sizes".to_string(),
+                    val.span,
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+
+        input.map(
+            move |value| operate(value, bits, head, signed, bytes_len),
+            engine_state.ctrlc.clone(),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![
+            Example {
+                description: "Shift left a number by 7 bits",
+                example: "2 | bits shl 7",
+                result: Some(Value::Int {
+                    val: 256,
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Shift left a number with 1 byte by 7 bits",
+                example: "2 | bits shl 7 -n 1",
+                result: Some(Value::Int {
+                    val: 0,
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Shift left a signed number by 1 bit",
+                example: "0x7F | bits shl 1 -s",
+                result: Some(Value::Int {
+                    val: 254,
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Shift left a list of numbers",
+                example: "[5 3 2] | bits shl 2",
+                result: Some(Value::List {
+                    vals: vec![Value::test_int(20), Value::test_int(12), Value::test_int(8)],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+        ]
+    }
+}
+
+fn get_shift_left<T: CheckedShl + Display + Copy>(val: T, bits: u32, span: Span) -> Value
+where
+    i64: std::convert::TryFrom<T>,
+{
+    match val.checked_shl(bits) {
+        Some(val) => {
+            let shift_result = i64::try_from(val);
+            match shift_result {
+                Ok(val) => Value::Int { val, span },
+                Err(_) => Value::Error {
+                    error: ShellError::GenericError(
+                        "Shift left result beyond the range of 64 bit signed number".to_string(),
+                        format!(
+                            "{} of the specified number of bytes shift left {} bits exceed limit",
+                            val, bits
+                        ),
+                        Some(span),
+                        None,
+                        Vec::new(),
+                    ),
+                },
+            }
+        }
+        None => Value::Error {
+            error: ShellError::GenericError(
+                "Shift left failed".to_string(),
+                format!(
+                    "{} shift left {} bits failed, you may shift too many bits",
+                    val, bits
+                ),
+                Some(span),
+                None,
+                Vec::new(),
+            ),
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+fn operate(value: Value, bits: usize, head: Span, signed: bool, number_size: NumberBytes) -> Value {
+    match value {
+        Value::Int { val, span } => {
+            use InputNumType::*;
+            // let bits = (((bits % 64) + 64) % 64) as u32;
+            let bits = bits as u32;
+            let input_type = get_input_num_type(val, signed, number_size);
+            match input_type {
+                One => get_shift_left(val as u8, bits, span),
+                Two => get_shift_left(val as u16, bits, span),
+                Four => get_shift_left(val as u32, bits, span),
+                Eight => get_shift_left(val as u64, bits, span),
+                SignedOne => get_shift_left(val as i8, bits, span),
+                SignedTwo => get_shift_left(val as i16, bits, span),
+                SignedFour => get_shift_left(val as i32, bits, span),
+                SignedEight => get_shift_left(val as i64, bits, span),
+            }
+        }
+        other => Value::Error {
+            error: ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                format!(
+                    "Only integer values are supported, input type: {:?}",
+                    other.get_type()
+                ),
+                other.span().unwrap_or(head),
+            ),
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        use crate::test_examples;
+
+        test_examples(SubCommand {})
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/bits/shift_right.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+use super::{get_input_num_type, get_number_bytes, InputNumType, NumberBytes};
+use nu_engine::CallExt;
+use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
+use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
+use nu_protocol::{
+    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Spanned, SyntaxShape, Value,
+};
+use num_traits::CheckedShr;
+use std::fmt::Display;
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct SubCommand;
+
+impl Command for SubCommand {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "bits shr"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build("bits shr")
+            .required("bits", SyntaxShape::Int, "number of bits to shift right")
+            .switch(
+                "signed",
+                "always treat input number as a signed number",
+                Some('s'),
+            )
+            .named(
+                "number-bytes",
+                SyntaxShape::String,
+                "the word size in number of bytes, it can be 1, 2, 4, 8, auto, default value `8`",
+                Some('n'),
+            )
+            .category(Category::Bits)
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Bitwise shift right for integers"
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["shift right"]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
+        let head = call.head;
+        let bits: usize = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        let signed = call.has_flag("signed");
+        let number_bytes: Option<Spanned<String>> =
+            call.get_flag(engine_state, stack, "number-bytes")?;
+        let bytes_len = get_number_bytes(&number_bytes);
+        if let NumberBytes::Invalid = bytes_len {
+            if let Some(val) = number_bytes {
+                return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                    "Only 1, 2, 4, 8, or 'auto' bytes are supported as word sizes".to_string(),
+                    val.span,
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+
+        input.map(
+            move |value| operate(value, bits, head, signed, bytes_len),
+            engine_state.ctrlc.clone(),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![
+            Example {
+                description: "Shift right a number with 2 bits",
+                example: "8 | bits shr 2",
+                result: Some(Value::Int {
+                    val: 2,
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Shift right a list of numbers",
+                example: "[15 35 2] | bits shr 2",
+                result: Some(Value::List {
+                    vals: vec![Value::test_int(3), Value::test_int(8), Value::test_int(0)],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+        ]
+    }
+}
+
+fn get_shift_right<T: CheckedShr + Display + Copy>(val: T, bits: u32, span: Span) -> Value
+where
+    i64: std::convert::TryFrom<T>,
+{
+    match val.checked_shr(bits) {
+        Some(val) => {
+            let shift_result = i64::try_from(val);
+            match shift_result {
+                Ok(val) => Value::Int { val, span },
+                Err(_) => Value::Error {
+                    error: ShellError::GenericError(
+                        "Shift right result beyond the range of 64 bit signed number".to_string(),
+                        format!(
+                            "{} of the specified number of bytes shift right {} bits exceed limit",
+                            val, bits
+                        ),
+                        Some(span),
+                        None,
+                        Vec::new(),
+                    ),
+                },
+            }
+        }
+        None => Value::Error {
+            error: ShellError::GenericError(
+                "Shift right failed".to_string(),
+                format!(
+                    "{} shift right {} bits failed, you may shift too many bits",
+                    val, bits
+                ),
+                Some(span),
+                None,
+                Vec::new(),
+            ),
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+fn operate(value: Value, bits: usize, head: Span, signed: bool, number_size: NumberBytes) -> Value {
+    match value {
+        Value::Int { val, span } => {
+            use InputNumType::*;
+            // let bits = (((bits % 64) + 64) % 64) as u32;
+            let bits = bits as u32;
+            let input_type = get_input_num_type(val, signed, number_size);
+            match input_type {
+                One => get_shift_right(val as u8, bits, span),
+                Two => get_shift_right(val as u16, bits, span),
+                Four => get_shift_right(val as u32, bits, span),
+                Eight => get_shift_right(val as u64, bits, span),
+                SignedOne => get_shift_right(val as i8, bits, span),
+                SignedTwo => get_shift_right(val as i16, bits, span),
+                SignedFour => get_shift_right(val as i32, bits, span),
+                SignedEight => get_shift_right(val as i64, bits, span),
+            }
+        }
+        other => Value::Error {
+            error: ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                format!(
+                    "Only integer values are supported, input type: {:?}",
+                    other.get_type()
+                ),
+                other.span().unwrap_or(head),
+            ),
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        use crate::test_examples;
+
+        test_examples(SubCommand {})
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/bits/xor.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+use nu_engine::CallExt;
+use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
+use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
+use nu_protocol::{
+    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Value,
+};
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct SubCommand;
+
+impl Command for SubCommand {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "bits xor"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build("bits xor")
+            .required(
+                "target",
+                SyntaxShape::Int,
+                "target integer to perform bit xor",
+            )
+            .category(Category::Bits)
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Performs bitwise xor for integers"
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["logic xor"]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
+        let head = call.head;
+        let target: i64 = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+
+        input.map(
+            move |value| operate(value, target, head),
+            engine_state.ctrlc.clone(),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![
+            Example {
+                description: "Apply bits xor to two numbers",
+                example: "2 | bits xor 2",
+                result: Some(Value::Int {
+                    val: 0,
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Apply logical xor to a list of numbers",
+                example: "[8 3 2] | bits xor 2",
+                result: Some(Value::List {
+                    vals: vec![Value::test_int(10), Value::test_int(1), Value::test_int(0)],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+        ]
+    }
+}
+
+fn operate(value: Value, target: i64, head: Span) -> Value {
+    match value {
+        Value::Int { val, span } => Value::Int {
+            val: val ^ target,
+            span,
+        },
+        other => Value::Error {
+            error: ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                format!(
+                    "Only integer values are supported, input type: {:?}",
+                    other.get_type()
+                ),
+                other.span().unwrap_or(head),
+            ),
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        use crate::test_examples;
+
+        test_examples(SubCommand {})
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/add.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+use super::{operate, BytesArgument};
+use nu_engine::CallExt;
+use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
+use nu_protocol::ast::CellPath;
+use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
+use nu_protocol::Category;
+use nu_protocol::{Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Value};
+
+struct Arguments {
+    added_data: Vec<u8>,
+    index: Option<usize>,
+    end: bool,
+    column_paths: Option<Vec<CellPath>>,
+}
+
+impl BytesArgument for Arguments {
+    fn take_column_paths(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<CellPath>> {
+        self.column_paths.take()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+
+pub struct BytesAdd;
+
+impl Command for BytesAdd {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "bytes add"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build("bytes add")
+            .required("data", SyntaxShape::Binary, "the binary to add")
+            .named(
+                "index",
+                SyntaxShape::Int,
+                "index to insert binary data",
+                Some('i'),
+            )
+            .switch("end", "add to the end of binary", Some('e'))
+            .rest(
+                "rest",
+                SyntaxShape::CellPath,
+                "optionally matches prefix of text by column paths",
+            )
+            .category(Category::Bytes)
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Add specified bytes to the input"
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["append", "truncate", "padding"]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
+        let added_data: Vec<u8> = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        let column_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 1)?;
+        let column_paths = if column_paths.is_empty() {
+            None
+        } else {
+            Some(column_paths)
+        };
+        let index: Option<usize> = call.get_flag(engine_state, stack, "index")?;
+        let end = call.has_flag("end");
+
+        let arg = Arguments {
+            added_data,
+            index,
+            end,
+            column_paths,
+        };
+        operate(add, arg, input, call.head, engine_state.ctrlc.clone())
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![
+            Example {
+                description: "Add bytes `0x[AA]` to `0x[1F FF AA AA]`",
+                example: "0x[1F FF AA AA] | bytes add 0x[AA]",
+                result: Some(Value::Binary {
+                    val: vec![0xAA, 0x1F, 0xFF, 0xAA, 0xAA],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Add bytes `0x[AA BB]` to `0x[1F FF AA AA]` at index 1",
+                example: "0x[1F FF AA AA] | bytes add 0x[AA BB] -i 1",
+                result: Some(Value::Binary {
+                    val: vec![0x1F, 0xAA, 0xBB, 0xFF, 0xAA, 0xAA],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Add bytes `0x[11]` to `0x[FF AA AA]` at the end",
+                example: "0x[FF AA AA] | bytes add 0x[11] -e",
+                result: Some(Value::Binary {
+                    val: vec![0xFF, 0xAA, 0xAA, 0x11],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Add bytes `0x[11 22 33]` to `0x[FF AA AA]` at the end, at index 1(the index is start from end)",
+                example: "0x[FF AA BB] | bytes add 0x[11 22 33] -e -i 1",
+                result: Some(Value::Binary {
+                    val: vec![0xFF, 0xAA, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0xBB],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+        ]
+    }
+}
+
+fn add(input: &[u8], args: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
+    match args.index {
+        None => {
+            if args.end {
+                let mut added_data = args.added_data.clone();
+                let mut result = input.to_vec();
+                result.append(&mut added_data);
+                Value::Binary { val: result, span }
+            } else {
+                let mut result = args.added_data.clone();
+                let mut input = input.to_vec();
+                result.append(&mut input);
+                Value::Binary { val: result, span }
+            }
+        }
+        Some(mut indx) => {
+            let inserted_index = if args.end {
+                input.len().saturating_sub(indx)
+            } else {
+                if indx > input.len() {
+                    indx = input.len()
+                }
+                indx
+            };
+            let mut result = vec![];
+            let mut prev_data = input[..inserted_index].to_vec();
+            result.append(&mut prev_data);
+            let mut added_data = args.added_data.clone();
+            result.append(&mut added_data);
+            let mut after_data = input[inserted_index..].to_vec();
+            result.append(&mut after_data);
+            Value::Binary { val: result, span }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        use crate::test_examples;
+
+        test_examples(BytesAdd {})
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/at.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+use super::{operate, BytesArgument};
+use nu_engine::CallExt;
+use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
+use nu_protocol::ast::CellPath;
+use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
+use nu_protocol::{
+    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Value,
+};
+use std::cmp::Ordering;
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct BytesAt;
+
+struct Arguments {
+    start: isize,
+    end: isize,
+    arg_span: Span,
+    column_paths: Option<Vec<CellPath>>,
+}
+
+impl BytesArgument for Arguments {
+    fn take_column_paths(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<CellPath>> {
+        self.column_paths.take()
+    }
+}
+
+/// ensure given `range` is valid, and returns [start, end, val_span] pair.
+fn parse_range(range: Value, head: Span) -> Result<(isize, isize, Span), ShellError> {
+    let (start, end, span) = match range {
+        Value::List { mut vals, span } => {
+            if vals.len() != 2 {
+                return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                    "More than two indices given".to_string(),
+                    span,
+                ));
+            } else {
+                let end = vals.pop().expect("Already check has size 2");
+                let end = match end {
+                    Value::Int { val, .. } => val.to_string(),
+                    Value::String { val, .. } => val,
+                    other => {
+                        return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                            "could not perform subbytes. Expecting a string or int".to_string(),
+                            other.span().unwrap_or(head),
+                        ))
+                    }
+                };
+                let start = vals.pop().expect("Already check has size 1");
+                let start = match start {
+                    Value::Int { val, .. } => val.to_string(),
+                    Value::String { val, .. } => val,
+                    other => {
+                        return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                            "could not perform subbytes. Expecting a string or int".to_string(),
+                            other.span().unwrap_or(head),
+                        ))
+                    }
+                };
+                (start, end, span)
+            }
+        }
+        Value::String { val, span } => {
+            let splitted_result = val.split_once(',');
+            match splitted_result {
+                Some((start, end)) => (start.to_string(), end.to_string(), span),
+                None => {
+                    return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                        "could not perform subbytes".to_string(),
+                        span,
+                    ))
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        other => {
+            return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                "could not perform subbytes".to_string(),
+                other.span().unwrap_or(head),
+            ))
+        }
+    };
+
+    let start: isize = if start.is_empty() || start == "_" {
+        0
+    } else {
+        match start.trim().parse() {
+            Ok(s) => s,
+            Err(_) => {
+                return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                    "could not perform subbytes".to_string(),
+                    span,
+                ))
+            }
+        }
+    };
+    let end: isize = if end.is_empty() || end == "_" {
+        isize::max_value()
+    } else {
+        match end.trim().parse() {
+            Ok(s) => s,
+            Err(_) => {
+                return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                    "could not perform subbytes".to_string(),
+                    span,
+                ))
+            }
+        }
+    };
+    Ok((start, end, span))
+}
+
+impl Command for BytesAt {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "bytes at"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build("bytes at")
+            .required("range", SyntaxShape::Any, "the indexes to get bytes")
+            .rest(
+                "rest",
+                SyntaxShape::CellPath,
+                "optionally get bytes by column paths",
+            )
+            .category(Category::Bytes)
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Get bytes defined by a range. Note that the start is included but the end is excluded, and that the first byte is index 0."
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["slice"]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
+        let range: Value = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        let (start, end, arg_span) = parse_range(range, call.head)?;
+        let column_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 1)?;
+        let column_paths = if column_paths.is_empty() {
+            None
+        } else {
+            Some(column_paths)
+        };
+        let arg = Arguments {
+            start,
+            end,
+            arg_span,
+            column_paths,
+        };
+        operate(at, arg, input, call.head, engine_state.ctrlc.clone())
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![
+            Example {
+                description: "Get a subbytes `0x[10 01]` from the bytes `0x[33 44 55 10 01 13]`",
+                example: " 0x[33 44 55 10 01 13] | bytes at [3 4]",
+                result: Some(Value::Binary {
+                    val: vec![0x10],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Alternatively, you can use the form",
+                example: " 0x[33 44 55 10 01 13] | bytes at '3,4'",
+                result: Some(Value::Binary {
+                    val: vec![0x10],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Drop the last `n` characters from the string",
+                example: " 0x[33 44 55 10 01 13] | bytes at ',-3'",
+                result: Some(Value::Binary {
+                    val: vec![0x33, 0x44, 0x55],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Get the remaining characters from a starting index",
+                example: " 0x[33 44 55 10 01 13] | bytes at '3,'",
+                result: Some(Value::Binary {
+                    val: vec![0x10, 0x01, 0x13],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Get the characters from the beginning until ending index",
+                example: " 0x[33 44 55 10 01 13] | bytes at ',4'",
+                result: Some(Value::Binary {
+                    val: vec![0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x10],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description:
+                    "Or the characters from the beginning until ending index inside a table",
+                example: r#" [[ColA ColB ColC]; [0x[11 12 13] 0x[14 15 16] 0x[17 18 19]]] | bytes at "1," ColB ColC"#,
+                result: Some(Value::List {
+                    vals: vec![Value::Record {
+                        cols: vec!["ColA".to_string(), "ColB".to_string(), "ColC".to_string()],
+                        vals: vec![
+                            Value::Binary {
+                                val: vec![0x11, 0x12, 0x13],
+                                span: Span::test_data(),
+                            },
+                            Value::Binary {
+                                val: vec![0x15, 0x16],
+                                span: Span::test_data(),
+                            },
+                            Value::Binary {
+                                val: vec![0x18, 0x19],
+                                span: Span::test_data(),
+                            },
+                        ],
+                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                    }],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+        ]
+    }
+}
+
+fn at(input: &[u8], arg: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
+    let len: isize = input.len() as isize;
+
+    let start: isize = if arg.start < 0 {
+        arg.start + len
+    } else {
+        arg.start
+    };
+    let end: isize = if arg.end < 0 {
+        std::cmp::max(len + arg.end, 0)
+    } else {
+        arg.end
+    };
+
+    if start < len && end >= 0 {
+        match start.cmp(&end) {
+            Ordering::Equal => Value::Binary { val: vec![], span },
+            Ordering::Greater => Value::Error {
+                error: ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                    "End must be greater than or equal to Start".to_string(),
+                    arg.arg_span,
+                ),
+            },
+            Ordering::Less => Value::Binary {
+                val: {
+                    let input_iter = input.iter().copied().skip(start as usize);
+                    if end == isize::max_value() {
+                        input_iter.collect()
+                    } else {
+                        input_iter.take((end - start) as usize).collect()
+                    }
+                },
+                span,
+            },
+        }
+    } else {
+        Value::Binary { val: vec![], span }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        use crate::test_examples;
+
+        test_examples(BytesAt {})
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/build_.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+use nu_engine::eval_expression;
+use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
+use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
+use nu_protocol::{
+    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape,
+    Value,
+};
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct BytesBuild;
+
+impl Command for BytesBuild {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "bytes build"
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Create bytes from the arguments."
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["concatenate", "join"]
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> nu_protocol::Signature {
+        Signature::build("bytes build")
+            .rest("rest", SyntaxShape::Any, "list of bytes")
+            .category(Category::Bytes)
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![Example {
+            example: "bytes build 0x[01 02] 0x[03] 0x[04]",
+            description: "Builds binary data from 0x[01 02], 0x[03], 0x[04]",
+            result: Some(Value::Binary {
+                val: vec![0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04],
+                span: Span::test_data(),
+            }),
+        }]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        _input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
+        let mut output = vec![];
+        for expr in call.positional_iter() {
+            let val = eval_expression(engine_state, stack, expr)?;
+            match val {
+                Value::Binary { mut val, .. } => output.append(&mut val),
+                other => {
+                    return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                        "only support expression which yields to binary data".to_string(),
+                        other.span().unwrap_or(call.head),
+                    ))
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(Value::Binary {
+            val: output,
+            span: call.head,
+        }
+        .into_pipeline_data())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        use crate::test_examples;
+
+        test_examples(BytesBuild {})
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/bytes_.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+use nu_engine::get_full_help;
+use nu_protocol::{
+    ast::Call,
+    engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
+    Category, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, Signature, Value,
+};
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct Bytes;
+
+impl Command for Bytes {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "bytes"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build("bytes").category(Category::Bytes)
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Various commands for working with byte data"
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        _input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
+        Ok(Value::String {
+            val: get_full_help(&Bytes.signature(), &Bytes.examples(), engine_state, stack),
+            span: call.head,
+        }
+        .into_pipeline_data())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use crate::Bytes;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        use crate::test_examples;
+
+        test_examples(Bytes {})
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/collect.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+use nu_engine::CallExt;
+use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
+use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
+use nu_protocol::{
+    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape,
+    Value,
+};
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct BytesCollect;
+
+impl Command for BytesCollect {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "bytes collect"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build("bytes collect")
+            .optional(
+                "separator",
+                SyntaxShape::Binary,
+                "optional separator to use when creating binary",
+            )
+            .category(Category::Bytes)
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Concatenate multiple binary into a single binary, with an optional separator between each"
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["join", "concatenate"]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
+        let separator: Option<Vec<u8>> = call.opt(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        // input should be a list of binary data.
+        let mut output_binary = vec![];
+        for value in input {
+            match value {
+                Value::Binary { mut val, .. } => {
+                    output_binary.append(&mut val);
+                    // manually concat
+                    // TODO: make use of std::slice::Join when it's available in stable.
+                    if let Some(sep) = &separator {
+                        let mut work_sep = sep.clone();
+                        output_binary.append(&mut work_sep)
+                    }
+                }
+                other => {
+                    return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                        format!(
+                            "The element type is {}, this command only works with bytes.",
+                            other.get_type()
+                        ),
+                        other.span().unwrap_or(call.head),
+                    ))
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        match separator {
+            None => Ok(Value::Binary {
+                val: output_binary,
+                span: call.head,
+            }
+            .into_pipeline_data()),
+            Some(sep) => {
+                if output_binary.is_empty() {
+                    Ok(Value::Binary {
+                        val: output_binary,
+                        span: call.head,
+                    }
+                    .into_pipeline_data())
+                } else {
+                    // have push one extra separator in previous step, pop them out.
+                    for _ in sep {
+                        let _ = output_binary.pop();
+                    }
+                    Ok(Value::Binary {
+                        val: output_binary,
+                        span: call.head,
+                    }
+                    .into_pipeline_data())
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![
+            Example {
+                description: "Create a byte array from input",
+                example: "[0x[11] 0x[13 15]] | bytes collect",
+                result: Some(Value::Binary {
+                    val: vec![0x11, 0x13, 0x15],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Create a byte array from input with a separator",
+                example: "[0x[11] 0x[33] 0x[44]] | bytes collect 0x[01]",
+                result: Some(Value::Binary {
+                    val: vec![0x11, 0x01, 0x33, 0x01, 0x44],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+        ]
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        use crate::test_examples;
+
+        test_examples(BytesCollect {})
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/ends_with.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+use super::{operate, BytesArgument};
+use nu_engine::CallExt;
+use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
+use nu_protocol::ast::CellPath;
+use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
+use nu_protocol::Category;
+use nu_protocol::{Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Value};
+
+struct Arguments {
+    pattern: Vec<u8>,
+    column_paths: Option<Vec<CellPath>>,
+}
+
+impl BytesArgument for Arguments {
+    fn take_column_paths(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<CellPath>> {
+        self.column_paths.take()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+
+pub struct BytesEndsWith;
+
+impl Command for BytesEndsWith {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "bytes ends-with"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build("bytes ends-with")
+            .required("pattern", SyntaxShape::Binary, "the pattern to match")
+            .rest(
+                "rest",
+                SyntaxShape::CellPath,
+                "optionally matches prefix of text by column paths",
+            )
+            .category(Category::Bytes)
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Check if bytes ends with a pattern"
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["pattern", "match", "find", "search"]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
+        let pattern: Vec<u8> = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        let column_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 1)?;
+        let column_paths = if column_paths.is_empty() {
+            None
+        } else {
+            Some(column_paths)
+        };
+        let arg = Arguments {
+            pattern,
+            column_paths,
+        };
+        operate(ends_with, arg, input, call.head, engine_state.ctrlc.clone())
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![
+            Example {
+                description: "Checks if binary ends with `0x[AA]`",
+                example: "0x[1F FF AA AA] | bytes ends-with 0x[AA]",
+                result: Some(Value::Bool {
+                    val: true,
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Checks if binary ends with `0x[FF AA AA]`",
+                example: "0x[1F FF AA AA] | bytes ends-with 0x[FF AA AA]",
+                result: Some(Value::Bool {
+                    val: true,
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Checks if binary ends with `0x[11]`",
+                example: "0x[1F FF AA AA] | bytes ends-with 0x[11]",
+                result: Some(Value::Bool {
+                    val: false,
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+        ]
+    }
+}
+
+fn ends_with(input: &[u8], Arguments { pattern, .. }: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
+    Value::Bool {
+        val: input.ends_with(pattern),
+        span,
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        use crate::test_examples;
+
+        test_examples(BytesEndsWith {})
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/index_of.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+use super::{operate, BytesArgument};
+use nu_engine::CallExt;
+use nu_protocol::ast::{Call, CellPath};
+use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
+use nu_protocol::{
+    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Value,
+};
+
+struct Arguments {
+    pattern: Vec<u8>,
+    end: bool,
+    all: bool,
+    column_paths: Option<Vec<CellPath>>,
+}
+
+impl BytesArgument for Arguments {
+    fn take_column_paths(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<CellPath>> {
+        self.column_paths.take()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct BytesIndexOf;
+
+impl Command for BytesIndexOf {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "bytes index-of"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build("bytes index-of")
+            .required(
+                "pattern",
+                SyntaxShape::Binary,
+                "the pattern to find index of",
+            )
+            .rest(
+                "rest",
+                SyntaxShape::CellPath,
+                "optionally returns index of pattern in string by column paths",
+            )
+            .switch("all", "returns all matched index", Some('a'))
+            .switch("end", "search from the end of the binary", Some('e'))
+            .category(Category::Bytes)
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Returns start index of first occurrence of pattern in bytes, or -1 if no match"
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["pattern", "match", "find", "search", "index"]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
+        let pattern: Vec<u8> = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        let column_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 1)?;
+        let column_paths = if column_paths.is_empty() {
+            None
+        } else {
+            Some(column_paths)
+        };
+        let arg = Arguments {
+            pattern,
+            end: call.has_flag("end"),
+            all: call.has_flag("all"),
+            column_paths,
+        };
+        operate(index_of, arg, input, call.head, engine_state.ctrlc.clone())
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![
+            Example {
+                description: "Returns index of pattern in bytes",
+                example: " 0x[33 44 55 10 01 13 44 55] | bytes index-of 0x[44 55]",
+                result: Some(Value::test_int(1)),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Returns index of pattern, search from end",
+                example: " 0x[33 44 55 10 01 13 44 55] | bytes index-of -e 0x[44 55]",
+                result: Some(Value::test_int(6)),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Returns all matched index",
+                example: " 0x[33 44 55 10 01 33 44 33 44] | bytes index-of -a 0x[33 44]",
+                result: Some(Value::List {
+                    vals: vec![Value::test_int(0), Value::test_int(5), Value::test_int(7)],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Returns all matched index, searching from end",
+                example: " 0x[33 44 55 10 01 33 44 33 44] | bytes index-of -a -e 0x[33 44]",
+                result: Some(Value::List {
+                    vals: vec![Value::test_int(7), Value::test_int(5), Value::test_int(0)],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Returns index of pattern for specific column",
+                example: r#" [[ColA ColB ColC]; [0x[11 12 13] 0x[14 15 16] 0x[17 18 19]]] | bytes index-of 0x[11] ColA ColC"#,
+                result: Some(Value::List {
+                    vals: vec![Value::Record {
+                        cols: vec!["ColA".to_string(), "ColB".to_string(), "ColC".to_string()],
+                        vals: vec![
+                            Value::test_int(0),
+                            Value::Binary {
+                                val: vec![0x14, 0x15, 0x16],
+                                span: Span::test_data(),
+                            },
+                            Value::test_int(-1),
+                        ],
+                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                    }],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+        ]
+    }
+}
+
+fn index_of(input: &[u8], arg: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
+    if arg.all {
+        search_all_index(input, &arg.pattern, arg.end, span)
+    } else {
+        let mut iter = input.windows(arg.pattern.len());
+
+        if arg.end {
+            Value::Int {
+                val: iter
+                    .rev()
+                    .position(|sub_bytes| sub_bytes == arg.pattern)
+                    .map(|x| (input.len() - arg.pattern.len() - x) as i64)
+                    .unwrap_or(-1),
+                span,
+            }
+        } else {
+            Value::Int {
+                val: iter
+                    .position(|sub_bytes| sub_bytes == arg.pattern)
+                    .map(|x| x as i64)
+                    .unwrap_or(-1),
+                span,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn search_all_index(input: &[u8], pattern: &[u8], from_end: bool, span: Span) -> Value {
+    let mut result = vec![];
+    if from_end {
+        let (mut left, mut right) = (
+            input.len() as isize - pattern.len() as isize,
+            input.len() as isize,
+        );
+        while left >= 0 {
+            if &input[left as usize..right as usize] == pattern {
+                result.push(Value::Int {
+                    val: left as i64,
+                    span,
+                });
+                left -= pattern.len() as isize;
+                right -= pattern.len() as isize;
+            } else {
+                left -= 1;
+                right -= 1;
+            }
+        }
+        Value::List { vals: result, span }
+    } else {
+        // doing find stuff.
+        let (mut left, mut right) = (0, pattern.len());
+        let input_len = input.len();
+        let pattern_len = pattern.len();
+        while right <= input_len {
+            if &input[left..right] == pattern {
+                result.push(Value::Int {
+                    val: left as i64,
+                    span,
+                });
+                left += pattern_len;
+                right += pattern_len;
+            } else {
+                left += 1;
+                right += 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        Value::List { vals: result, span }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        use crate::test_examples;
+
+        test_examples(BytesIndexOf {})
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/mod.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,32 @@
+mod add;
+mod at;
+mod build_;
+mod bytes_;
+mod collect;
+mod ends_with;
+mod index_of;
 mod length;
+mod remove;
+mod replace;
+mod reverse;
 mod starts_with;
+
 use nu_protocol::ast::CellPath;
 use nu_protocol::{PipelineData, ShellError, Span, Value};
 use std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
+pub use add::BytesAdd;
+pub use at::BytesAt;
+pub use build_::BytesBuild;
+pub use bytes_::Bytes;
+pub use collect::BytesCollect;
+pub use ends_with::BytesEndsWith;
+pub use index_of::BytesIndexOf;
 pub use length::BytesLen;
+pub use remove::BytesRemove;
+pub use replace::BytesReplace;
+pub use reverse::BytesReverse;
 pub use starts_with::BytesStartsWith;
 
 trait BytesArgument {

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/remove.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+use super::{operate, BytesArgument};
+use nu_engine::CallExt;
+use nu_protocol::{
+    ast::{Call, CellPath},
+    engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
+    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Spanned, SyntaxShape, Value,
+};
+
+struct Arguments {
+    pattern: Vec<u8>,
+    end: bool,
+    column_paths: Option<Vec<CellPath>>,
+    all: bool,
+}
+
+impl BytesArgument for Arguments {
+    fn take_column_paths(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<CellPath>> {
+        self.column_paths.take()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct BytesRemove;
+
+impl Command for BytesRemove {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "bytes remove"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build("bytes remove")
+            .required("pattern", SyntaxShape::Binary, "the pattern to find")
+            .rest(
+                "rest",
+                SyntaxShape::CellPath,
+                "optionally remove bytes by column paths",
+            )
+            .switch("end", "remove from end of binary", Some('e'))
+            .switch("all", "remove occurrences of finding binary", Some('a'))
+            .category(Category::Bytes)
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Remove bytes"
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["search", "shift", "switch"]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
+        let column_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 1)?;
+        let column_paths = if column_paths.is_empty() {
+            None
+        } else {
+            Some(column_paths)
+        };
+        let pattern_to_remove = call.req::<Spanned<Vec<u8>>>(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        if pattern_to_remove.item.is_empty() {
+            return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                "the pattern to remove cannot be empty".to_string(),
+                pattern_to_remove.span,
+            ));
+        }
+
+        let pattern_to_remove: Vec<u8> = pattern_to_remove.item;
+        let arg = Arguments {
+            pattern: pattern_to_remove,
+            end: call.has_flag("end"),
+            column_paths,
+            all: call.has_flag("all"),
+        };
+
+        operate(remove, arg, input, call.head, engine_state.ctrlc.clone())
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![
+            Example {
+                description: "Remove contents",
+                example: "0x[10 AA FF AA FF] | bytes remove 0x[10 AA]",
+                result: Some(Value::Binary {
+                    val: vec![0xFF, 0xAA, 0xFF],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Remove all occurrences of find binary",
+                example: "0x[10 AA 10 BB 10] | bytes remove -a 0x[10]",
+                result: Some(Value::Binary {
+                    val: vec![0xAA, 0xBB],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Remove occurrences of find binary from end",
+                example: "0x[10 AA 10 BB CC AA 10] | bytes remove -e 0x[10]",
+                result: Some(Value::Binary {
+                    val: vec![0x10, 0xAA, 0x10, 0xBB, 0xCC, 0xAA],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Remove all occurrences of find binary in table",
+                example: "[[ColA ColB ColC]; [0x[11 12 13] 0x[14 15 16] 0x[17 18 19]]] | bytes remove 0x[11] ColA ColC",
+                result: Some(Value::List {
+                    vals: vec![Value::Record {
+                        cols: vec!["ColA".to_string(), "ColB".to_string(), "ColC".to_string()],
+                        vals: vec![
+                            Value::Binary {
+                                val: vec![0x12, 0x13],
+                                span: Span::test_data(),
+                            },
+                            Value::Binary {
+                                val: vec![0x14, 0x15, 0x16],
+                                span: Span::test_data(),
+                            },
+                            Value::Binary {
+                                val: vec![0x17, 0x18, 0x19],
+                                span: Span::test_data(),
+                            },
+                        ],
+                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                    }],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+        ]
+    }
+}
+
+fn remove(input: &[u8], arg: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
+    let mut result = vec![];
+    let remove_all = arg.all;
+    let input_len = input.len();
+    let pattern_len = arg.pattern.len();
+
+    // Note:
+    // remove_all from start and end will generate the same result.
+    // so we'll put `remove_all` relative logic into else clouse.
+    if arg.end && !remove_all {
+        let (mut left, mut right) = (
+            input.len() as isize - arg.pattern.len() as isize,
+            input.len() as isize,
+        );
+        while left >= 0 && input[left as usize..right as usize] != arg.pattern {
+            result.push(input[right as usize - 1]);
+            left -= 1;
+            right -= 1;
+        }
+        // append the remaining thing to result, this can be happeneed when
+        // we have something to remove and remove_all is False.
+        let mut remain = input[..left as usize].iter().copied().rev().collect();
+        result.append(&mut remain);
+        result = result.into_iter().rev().collect();
+        Value::Binary { val: result, span }
+    } else {
+        let (mut left, mut right) = (0, arg.pattern.len());
+        while right <= input_len {
+            if input[left..right] == arg.pattern {
+                left += pattern_len;
+                right += pattern_len;
+                if !remove_all {
+                    break;
+                }
+            } else {
+                result.push(input[left]);
+                left += 1;
+                right += 1;
+            }
+        }
+        // append the remaing thing to result, this can happened when
+        // we have something to remove and remove_all is False.
+        let mut remain = input[left..].to_vec();
+        result.append(&mut remain);
+        Value::Binary { val: result, span }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        use crate::test_examples;
+
+        test_examples(BytesRemove {})
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/replace.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+use super::{operate, BytesArgument};
+use nu_engine::CallExt;
+use nu_protocol::{
+    ast::{Call, CellPath},
+    engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
+    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Spanned, SyntaxShape, Value,
+};
+
+struct Arguments {
+    find: Vec<u8>,
+    replace: Vec<u8>,
+    column_paths: Option<Vec<CellPath>>,
+    all: bool,
+}
+
+impl BytesArgument for Arguments {
+    fn take_column_paths(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<CellPath>> {
+        self.column_paths.take()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct BytesReplace;
+
+impl Command for BytesReplace {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "bytes replace"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build("bytes replace")
+            .required("find", SyntaxShape::Binary, "the pattern to find")
+            .required("replace", SyntaxShape::Binary, "the replacement pattern")
+            .rest(
+                "rest",
+                SyntaxShape::CellPath,
+                "optionally find and replace text by column paths",
+            )
+            .switch("all", "replace all occurrences of find binary", Some('a'))
+            .category(Category::Bytes)
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Find and replace binary"
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["search", "shift", "switch"]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
+        let column_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 2)?;
+        let column_paths = if column_paths.is_empty() {
+            None
+        } else {
+            Some(column_paths)
+        };
+        let find = call.req::<Spanned<Vec<u8>>>(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        if find.item.is_empty() {
+            return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                "the pattern to find cannot be empty".to_string(),
+                find.span,
+            ));
+        }
+
+        let arg = Arguments {
+            find: find.item,
+            replace: call.req::<Vec<u8>>(engine_state, stack, 1)?,
+            column_paths,
+            all: call.has_flag("all"),
+        };
+
+        operate(replace, arg, input, call.head, engine_state.ctrlc.clone())
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![
+            Example {
+                description: "Find and replace contents",
+                example: "0x[10 AA FF AA FF] | bytes replace 0x[10 AA] 0x[FF]",
+                result: Some(Value::Binary {
+                    val: vec![0xFF, 0xFF, 0xAA, 0xFF],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Find and replace all occurrences of find binary",
+                example: "0x[10 AA 10 BB 10] | bytes replace -a 0x[10] 0x[A0]",
+                result: Some(Value::Binary {
+                    val: vec![0xA0, 0xAA, 0xA0, 0xBB, 0xA0],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Find and replace all occurrences of find binary in table",
+                example: "[[ColA ColB ColC]; [0x[11 12 13] 0x[14 15 16] 0x[17 18 19]]] | bytes replace -a 0x[11] 0x[13] ColA ColC",
+                result: Some(Value::List {
+                    vals: vec![Value::Record {
+                        cols: vec!["ColA".to_string(), "ColB".to_string(), "ColC".to_string()],
+                        vals: vec![
+                            Value::Binary {
+                                val: vec![0x13, 0x12, 0x13],
+                                span: Span::test_data(),
+                            },
+                            Value::Binary {
+                                val: vec![0x14, 0x15, 0x16],
+                                span: Span::test_data(),
+                            },
+                            Value::Binary {
+                                val: vec![0x17, 0x18, 0x19],
+                                span: Span::test_data(),
+                            },
+                        ],
+                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                    }],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+        ]
+    }
+}
+
+fn replace(input: &[u8], arg: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
+    let mut replaced = vec![];
+    let replace_all = arg.all;
+
+    // doing find-and-replace stuff.
+    let (mut left, mut right) = (0, arg.find.len());
+    let input_len = input.len();
+    let pattern_len = arg.find.len();
+    while right <= input_len {
+        if input[left..right] == arg.find {
+            let mut to_replace = arg.replace.clone();
+            replaced.append(&mut to_replace);
+            left += pattern_len;
+            right += pattern_len;
+            if !replace_all {
+                break;
+            }
+        } else {
+            replaced.push(input[left]);
+            left += 1;
+            right += 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    let mut remain = input[left..].to_vec();
+    replaced.append(&mut remain);
+    Value::Binary {
+        val: replaced,
+        span,
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        use crate::test_examples;
+
+        test_examples(BytesReplace {})
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/reverse.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+use super::{operate, BytesArgument};
+use nu_engine::CallExt;
+use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
+use nu_protocol::ast::CellPath;
+use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
+use nu_protocol::Category;
+use nu_protocol::{Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Value};
+
+struct Arguments {
+    column_paths: Option<Vec<CellPath>>,
+}
+
+impl BytesArgument for Arguments {
+    fn take_column_paths(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<CellPath>> {
+        self.column_paths.take()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+
+pub struct BytesReverse;
+
+impl Command for BytesReverse {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "bytes reverse"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build("bytes reverse")
+            .rest(
+                "rest",
+                SyntaxShape::CellPath,
+                "optionally matches prefix of text by column paths",
+            )
+            .category(Category::Bytes)
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Reverse every bytes in the pipeline"
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["convert", "inverse", "flip"]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
+        let column_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        let column_paths = if column_paths.is_empty() {
+            None
+        } else {
+            Some(column_paths)
+        };
+        let arg = Arguments { column_paths };
+        operate(reverse, arg, input, call.head, engine_state.ctrlc.clone())
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![
+            Example {
+                description: "Reverse bytes `0x[1F FF AA AA]`",
+                example: "0x[1F FF AA AA] | bytes reverse",
+                result: Some(Value::Binary {
+                    val: vec![0xAA, 0xAA, 0xFF, 0x1F],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Reverse bytes `0x[FF AA AA]`",
+                example: "0x[FF AA AA] | bytes reverse",
+                result: Some(Value::Binary {
+                    val: vec![0xAA, 0xAA, 0xFF],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+        ]
+    }
+}
+
+fn reverse(input: &[u8], _args: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
+    let mut reversed_input = input.to_vec();
+    reversed_input.reverse();
+    Value::Binary {
+        val: reversed_input,
+        span,
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        use crate::test_examples;
+
+        test_examples(BytesReverse {})
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/conversions/into/datetime.rs

@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ fn action(
                 Some(dt) => match DateTime::parse_from_str(val, &dt.0) {
                     Ok(d) => Value::Date { val: d, span: head },
                     Err(reason) => {
-                        return Value::Error {
+                        Value::Error {
                             error: ShellError::CantConvert(
                                 format!("could not parse as datetime using format '{}'", dt.0),
                                 reason.to_string(),

crates/nu-command/src/conversions/into/decimal.rs

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
         vec![
             Example {
-                description: "Convert string to integer in table",
+                description: "Convert string to decimal in table",
                 example: "[[num]; ['5.01']] | into decimal num",
                 result: Some(Value::List {
                     vals: vec![Value::Record {
@@ -54,15 +54,20 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
                 }),
             },
             Example {
-                description: "Convert string to integer",
+                description: "Convert string to decimal",
                 example: "'1.345' | into decimal",
                 result: Some(Value::test_float(1.345)),
             },
             Example {
-                description: "Convert decimal to integer",
+                description: "Convert decimal to decimal",
                 example: "'-5.9' | into decimal",
                 result: Some(Value::test_float(-5.9)),
             },
+            Example {
+                description: "Convert boolean to decimal",
+                example: "true | into decimal",
+                result: Some(Value::test_float(1.0)),
+            },
         ]
     }
 }
@@ -118,6 +123,13 @@ fn action(input: &Value, head: Span) -> Value {
             val: *v as f64,
             span: *span,
         },
+        Value::Bool { val: b, span } => Value::Float {
+            val: match b {
+                true => 1.0,
+                false => 0.0,
+            },
+            span: *span,
+        },
         other => {
             let span = other.span();
             match span {

crates/nu-command/src/conversions/into/duration.rs

@@ -28,6 +28,10 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
         "Convert value to duration"
     }
 
+    fn extra_usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "into duration does not take leap years into account and every month is calculated with 30 days"
+    }
+
     fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
         vec!["convert", "time", "period"]
     }
@@ -136,7 +140,7 @@ fn into_duration(
     )
 }
 
-fn string_to_duration(s: &str, span: Span) -> Result<i64, ShellError> {
+fn string_to_duration(s: &str, span: Span, value_span: Span) -> Result<i64, ShellError> {
     if let Some(expression) = parse_duration_bytes(s.as_bytes(), span) {
         if let Expr::ValueWithUnit(value, unit) = expression.expr {
             if let Expr::Int(x) = value.expr {
@@ -149,16 +153,21 @@ fn string_to_duration(s: &str, span: Span) -> Result<i64, ShellError> {
                     Unit::Hour => return Ok(x * 60 * 60 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000),
                     Unit::Day => return Ok(x * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000),
                     Unit::Week => return Ok(x * 7 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000),
+                    Unit::Month => return Ok(x * 30 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000), //30 days to a month
+                    Unit::Year => return Ok(x * 365 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000), //365 days to a year
+                    Unit::Decade => return Ok(x * 10 * 365 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000), //365 days to a year
                     _ => {}
                 }
             }
         }
     }
 
-    Err(ShellError::CantConvert(
+    Err(ShellError::CantConvertWithValue(
         "duration".to_string(),
         "string".to_string(),
+        s.to_string(),
         span,
+        value_span,
         Some("supported units are ns, us, ms, sec, min, hr, day, and wk".to_string()),
     ))
 }
@@ -166,7 +175,10 @@ fn string_to_duration(s: &str, span: Span) -> Result<i64, ShellError> {
 fn action(input: &Value, span: Span) -> Value {
     match input {
         Value::Duration { .. } => input.clone(),
-        Value::String { val, .. } => match string_to_duration(val, span) {
+        Value::String {
+            val,
+            span: value_span,
+        } => match string_to_duration(val, span, *value_span) {
             Ok(val) => Value::Duration { val, span },
             Err(error) => Value::Error { error },
         },

crates/nu-command/src/conversions/into/int.rs

@@ -102,6 +102,21 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
                 example: "'FF' |  into int -r 16",
                 result: Some(Value::test_int(255)),
             },
+            Example {
+                description: "Convert octal string to integer",
+                example: "'0o10132' | into int",
+                result: Some(Value::test_int(4186)),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Convert 0 padded string to integer",
+                example: "'0010132' | into int",
+                result: Some(Value::test_int(10132)),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Convert 0 padded string to integer with radix",
+                example: "'0010132' | into int -r 8",
+                result: Some(Value::test_int(4186)),
+            },
         ]
     }
 }
@@ -169,7 +184,32 @@ pub fn action(input: &Value, span: Span, radix: u32, little_endian: bool) -> Val
         }
         Value::Filesize { val, .. } => Value::Int { val: *val, span },
         Value::Float { val, .. } => Value::Int {
-            val: *val as i64,
+            val: {
+                if radix == 10 {
+                    *val as i64
+                } else {
+                    match convert_int(
+                        &Value::Int {
+                            val: *val as i64,
+                            span,
+                        },
+                        span,
+                        radix,
+                    )
+                    .as_i64()
+                    {
+                        Ok(v) => v,
+                        _ => {
+                            return Value::Error {
+                                error: ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                                    "Could not convert float to integer".to_string(),
+                                    span,
+                                ),
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            },
             span,
         },
         Value::String { val, .. } => {
@@ -233,11 +273,31 @@ fn convert_int(input: &Value, head: Span, radix: u32) -> Value {
     let i = match input {
         Value::Int { val, .. } => val.to_string(),
         Value::String { val, .. } => {
-            if val.starts_with("0x") || val.starts_with("0b") {
+            let val = val.trim();
+            if val.starts_with("0x") // hex
+                || val.starts_with("0b") // binary
+                || val.starts_with("0o")
+            // octal
+            {
                 match int_from_string(val, head) {
                     Ok(x) => return Value::Int { val: x, span: head },
                     Err(e) => return Value::Error { error: e },
                 }
+            } else if val.starts_with("00") {
+                // It's a padded string
+                match i64::from_str_radix(val, radix) {
+                    Ok(n) => return Value::Int { val: n, span: head },
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        return Value::Error {
+                            error: ShellError::CantConvert(
+                                "string".to_string(),
+                                "int".to_string(),
+                                head,
+                                Some(e.to_string()),
+                            ),
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
             }
             val.to_string()
         }
@@ -250,10 +310,10 @@ fn convert_int(input: &Value, head: Span, radix: u32) -> Value {
             }
         }
     };
-    match i64::from_str_radix(&i, radix) {
+    match i64::from_str_radix(i.trim(), radix) {
         Ok(n) => Value::Int { val: n, span: head },
         Err(_reason) => Value::Error {
-            error: ShellError::CantConvert("int".to_string(), "string".to_string(), head, None),
+            error: ShellError::CantConvert("string".to_string(), "int".to_string(), head, None),
         },
     }
 }
@@ -291,7 +351,21 @@ fn int_from_string(a_string: &str, span: Span) -> Result<i64, ShellError> {
                 };
             Ok(num)
         }
-        _ => match a_string.parse::<i64>() {
+        o if o.starts_with("0o") => {
+            let num = match i64::from_str_radix(o.trim_start_matches("0o"), 8) {
+                Ok(n) => n,
+                Err(_reason) => {
+                    return Err(ShellError::CantConvert(
+                        "int".to_string(),
+                        "string".to_string(),
+                        span,
+                        Some(r#"octal digits following "0o" should be in 0-7"#.to_string()),
+                    ))
+                }
+            };
+            Ok(num)
+        }
+        _ => match trimmed.parse::<i64>() {
             Ok(n) => Ok(n),
             Err(_) => match a_string.parse::<f64>() {
                 Ok(f) => Ok(f as i64),
@@ -299,7 +373,10 @@ fn int_from_string(a_string: &str, span: Span) -> Result<i64, ShellError> {
                     "int".to_string(),
                     "string".to_string(),
                     span,
-                    None,
+                    Some(format!(
+                        r#"string "{}" does not represent a valid integer"#,
+                        trimmed
+                    )),
                 )),
             },
         },

crates/nu-command/src/conversions/into/string.rs

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ use nu_protocol::{
     into_code, Category, Config, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature,
     Span, SyntaxShape, Value,
 };
-
-// TODO num_format::SystemLocale once platform-specific dependencies are stable (see Cargo.toml)
+use nu_utils::get_system_locale;
+use num_format::ToFormattedString;
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct SubCommand;
@@ -53,6 +53,14 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
 
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
         vec![
+            Example {
+                description: "convert integer to string and append three decimal places",
+                example: "5 | into string -d 3",
+                result: Some(Value::String {
+                    val: "5.000".to_string(),
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
             Example {
                 description: "convert decimal to string and round to nearest integer",
                 example: "1.7 | into string -d 0",
@@ -208,12 +216,8 @@ pub fn action(
 ) -> Value {
     match input {
         Value::Int { val, .. } => {
-            let res = if group_digits {
-                format_int(*val) // int.to_formatted_string(*locale)
-            } else {
-                val.to_string()
-            };
-
+            let decimal_value = digits.unwrap_or(0) as usize;
+            let res = format_int(*val, group_digits, decimal_value);
             Value::String { val: res, span }
         }
         Value::Float { val, .. } => {
@@ -288,21 +292,29 @@ pub fn action(
         },
     }
 }
-fn format_int(int: i64) -> String {
-    int.to_string()
 
-    // TODO once platform-specific dependencies are stable (see Cargo.toml)
-    // #[cfg(windows)]
-    // {
-    //     int.to_formatted_string(&Locale::en)
-    // }
-    // #[cfg(not(windows))]
-    // {
-    //     match SystemLocale::default() {
-    //         Ok(locale) => int.to_formatted_string(&locale),
-    //         Err(_) => int.to_formatted_string(&Locale::en),
-    //     }
-    // }
+fn format_int(int: i64, group_digits: bool, decimals: usize) -> String {
+    let locale = get_system_locale();
+
+    let str = if group_digits {
+        int.to_formatted_string(&locale)
+    } else {
+        int.to_string()
+    };
+
+    if decimals > 0 {
+        let decimal_point = locale.decimal();
+
+        format!(
+            "{}{decimal_point}{dummy:0<decimals$}",
+            str,
+            decimal_point = decimal_point,
+            dummy = "",
+            decimals = decimals
+        )
+    } else {
+        str
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/error_make.rs

@@ -16,6 +16,11 @@ impl Command for ErrorMake {
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build("error make")
             .required("error_struct", SyntaxShape::Record, "the error to create")
+            .switch(
+                "unspanned",
+                "remove the origin label from the error",
+                Some('u'),
+            )
             .category(Category::Core)
     }
 
@@ -36,16 +41,29 @@ impl Command for ErrorMake {
     ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
         let span = call.head;
         let arg: Value = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        let unspanned = call.has_flag("unspanned");
 
-        Err(make_error(&arg, span).unwrap_or_else(|| {
-            ShellError::GenericError(
-                "Creating error value not supported.".into(),
-                "unsupported error format".into(),
-                Some(span),
-                None,
-                Vec::new(),
-            )
-        }))
+        if unspanned {
+            Err(make_error(&arg, None).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+                ShellError::GenericError(
+                    "Creating error value not supported.".into(),
+                    "unsupported error format".into(),
+                    Some(span),
+                    None,
+                    Vec::new(),
+                )
+            }))
+        } else {
+            Err(make_error(&arg, Some(span)).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+                ShellError::GenericError(
+                    "Creating error value not supported.".into(),
+                    "unsupported error format".into(),
+                    Some(span),
+                    None,
+                    Vec::new(),
+                )
+            }))
+        }
     }
 
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
@@ -69,7 +87,7 @@ impl Command for ErrorMake {
     }
 }
 
-fn make_error(value: &Value, throw_span: Span) -> Option<ShellError> {
+fn make_error(value: &Value, throw_span: Option<Span>) -> Option<ShellError> {
     if let Value::Record { .. } = &value {
         let msg = value.get_data_by_key("msg");
         let label = value.get_data_by_key("label");
@@ -106,7 +124,7 @@ fn make_error(value: &Value, throw_span: Span) -> Option<ShellError> {
                     ) => Some(ShellError::GenericError(
                         message,
                         label_text,
-                        Some(throw_span),
+                        throw_span,
                         None,
                         Vec::new(),
                     )),
@@ -116,7 +134,7 @@ fn make_error(value: &Value, throw_span: Span) -> Option<ShellError> {
             (Some(Value::String { val: message, .. }), None) => Some(ShellError::GenericError(
                 message,
                 "originates from here".to_string(),
-                Some(throw_span),
+                throw_span,
                 None,
                 Vec::new(),
             )),

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/export.rs

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ impl Command for ExportCommand {
     }
 
     fn usage(&self) -> &str {
-        "Export custom commands or environment variables from a module."
+        "Export definitions or environment variables from a module."
     }
 
     fn extra_usage(&self) -> &str {

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/export_use.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
+use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
+use nu_protocol::{Category, Example, PipelineData, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Value};
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct ExportUse;
+
+impl Command for ExportUse {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "export use"
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Use definitions from a module and export them from this module"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> nu_protocol::Signature {
+        Signature::build("export use")
+            .required("pattern", SyntaxShape::ImportPattern, "import pattern")
+            .category(Category::Core)
+    }
+
+    fn extra_usage(&self) -> &str {
+        r#"This command is a parser keyword. For details, check:
+  https://www.nushell.sh/book/thinking_in_nushell.html"#
+    }
+
+    fn is_parser_keyword(&self) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        _engine_state: &EngineState,
+        _stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        _input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
+        Ok(PipelineData::new(call.head))
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![Example {
+            description: "Re-export a command from another module",
+            example: r#"module spam { export def foo [] { "foo" } }
+    module eggs { export use spam foo }
+    use eggs foo
+    foo
+            "#,
+            result: Some(Value::String {
+                val: "foo".to_string(),
+                span: Span::test_data(),
+            }),
+        }]
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/help.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,17 @@
+use fancy_regex::Regex;
+use nu_ansi_term::{
+    Color::{Default, Red, White},
+    Style,
+};
+use nu_color_config::get_color_config;
+use nu_engine::{get_full_help, CallExt};
 use nu_protocol::{
     ast::Call,
     engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
     span, Category, Example, IntoInterruptiblePipelineData, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData,
-    ShellError, Signature, Spanned, SyntaxShape, Value,
+    ShellError, Signature, Span, Spanned, SyntaxShape, Value,
 };
-
-use nu_engine::{get_full_help, CallExt};
-
 use std::borrow::Borrow;
-
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct Help;
 
@@ -81,23 +84,29 @@ fn help(
     let head = call.head;
     let find: Option<Spanned<String>> = call.get_flag(engine_state, stack, "find")?;
     let rest: Vec<Spanned<String>> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
-
     let commands = engine_state.get_decl_ids_sorted(false);
+    let config = engine_state.get_config();
+    let color_hm = get_color_config(config);
+    let default_style = Style::new().fg(Default).on(Default);
+    let string_style = match color_hm.get("string") {
+        Some(style) => style,
+        None => &default_style,
+    };
 
     if let Some(f) = find {
+        let org_search_string = f.item.clone();
         let search_string = f.item.to_lowercase();
         let mut found_cmds_vec = Vec::new();
 
         for decl_id in commands {
             let mut cols = vec![];
             let mut vals = vec![];
-
             let decl = engine_state.get_decl(decl_id);
             let sig = decl.signature().update_from_command(decl.borrow());
-
             let key = sig.name;
             let usage = sig.usage;
             let search_terms = sig.search_terms;
+
             let matches_term = if !search_terms.is_empty() {
                 search_terms
                     .iter()
@@ -106,13 +115,16 @@ fn help(
                 false
             };
 
-            if key.to_lowercase().contains(&search_string)
-                || usage.to_lowercase().contains(&search_string)
-                || matches_term
-            {
+            let key_match = key.to_lowercase().contains(&search_string);
+            let usage_match = usage.to_lowercase().contains(&search_string);
+            if key_match || usage_match || matches_term {
                 cols.push("name".into());
                 vals.push(Value::String {
-                    val: key,
+                    val: if key_match {
+                        highlight_search_string(&key, &org_search_string, string_style)?
+                    } else {
+                        key
+                    },
                     span: head,
                 });
 
@@ -130,7 +142,7 @@ fn help(
 
                 cols.push("is_custom".into());
                 vals.push(Value::Bool {
-                    val: decl.get_block_id().is_some(),
+                    val: decl.is_custom_command(),
                     span: head,
                 });
 
@@ -142,7 +154,11 @@ fn help(
 
                 cols.push("usage".into());
                 vals.push(Value::String {
-                    val: usage,
+                    val: if usage_match {
+                        highlight_search_string(&usage, &org_search_string, string_style)?
+                    } else {
+                        usage
+                    },
                     span: head,
                 });
 
@@ -151,7 +167,30 @@ fn help(
                     Value::nothing(head)
                 } else {
                     Value::String {
-                        val: search_terms.join(", "),
+                        val: if matches_term {
+                            search_terms
+                                .iter()
+                                .map(|term| {
+                                    if term.to_lowercase().contains(&search_string) {
+                                        match highlight_search_string(
+                                            term,
+                                            &org_search_string,
+                                            string_style,
+                                        ) {
+                                            Ok(s) => s,
+                                            Err(_) => {
+                                                string_style.paint(term.to_string()).to_string()
+                                            }
+                                        }
+                                    } else {
+                                        string_style.paint(term.to_string()).to_string()
+                                    }
+                                })
+                                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                                .join(", ")
+                        } else {
+                            search_terms.join(", ")
+                        },
                         span: head,
                     }
                 });
@@ -204,7 +243,7 @@ fn help(
 
                 cols.push("is_custom".into());
                 vals.push(Value::Bool {
-                    val: decl.get_block_id().is_some(),
+                    val: decl.is_custom_command(),
                     span: head,
                 });
 
@@ -303,3 +342,61 @@ You can also learn more at https://www.nushell.sh/book/"#;
         .into_pipeline_data())
     }
 }
+
+// Highlight the search string using ANSI escape sequences and regular expressions.
+pub fn highlight_search_string(
+    haystack: &str,
+    needle: &str,
+    string_style: &Style,
+) -> Result<String, ShellError> {
+    let regex_string = format!("(?i){}", needle);
+    let regex = match Regex::new(&regex_string) {
+        Ok(regex) => regex,
+        Err(err) => {
+            return Err(ShellError::GenericError(
+                "Could not compile regex".into(),
+                err.to_string(),
+                Some(Span::test_data()),
+                None,
+                Vec::new(),
+            ));
+        }
+    };
+    let mut last_match_end = 0;
+    let style = Style::new().fg(White).on(Red);
+    let mut highlighted = String::new();
+
+    for cap in regex.captures_iter(haystack) {
+        match cap {
+            Ok(capture) => {
+                let start = match capture.get(0) {
+                    Some(acap) => acap.start(),
+                    None => 0,
+                };
+                let end = match capture.get(0) {
+                    Some(acap) => acap.end(),
+                    None => 0,
+                };
+                highlighted.push_str(
+                    &string_style
+                        .paint(&haystack[last_match_end..start])
+                        .to_string(),
+                );
+                highlighted.push_str(&style.paint(&haystack[start..end]).to_string());
+                last_match_end = end;
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                return Err(ShellError::GenericError(
+                    "Error with regular expression capture".into(),
+                    e.to_string(),
+                    None,
+                    None,
+                    Vec::new(),
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    highlighted.push_str(&string_style.paint(&haystack[last_match_end..]).to_string());
+    Ok(highlighted)
+}

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/hide.rs

@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ impl Command for Hide {
     }
 
     fn usage(&self) -> &str {
-        "Hide symbols in the current scope"
+        "Hide definitions in the current scope"
     }
 
     fn extra_usage(&self) -> &str {
-        r#"Symbols are hidden by priority: First aliases, then custom commands, then environment variables.
+        r#"Definitions are hidden by priority: First aliases, then custom commands.
 
 This command is a parser keyword. For details, check:
   https://www.nushell.sh/book/thinking_in_nushell.html"#

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/hide_env.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+use nu_engine::CallExt;
+use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
+use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
+use nu_protocol::{
+    did_you_mean, Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Spanned,
+    SyntaxShape, Value,
+};
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct HideEnv;
+
+impl Command for HideEnv {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "hide-env"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> nu_protocol::Signature {
+        Signature::build("hide-env")
+            .rest(
+                "name",
+                SyntaxShape::String,
+                "environment variable names to hide",
+            )
+            .switch(
+                "ignore-errors",
+                "do not throw an error if an environment variable was not found",
+                Some('i'),
+            )
+            .category(Category::Core)
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Hide environment variables in the current scope"
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        _input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
+        let env_var_names: Vec<Spanned<String>> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        let ignore_errors = call.has_flag("ignore-errors");
+
+        for name in env_var_names {
+            if stack.remove_env_var(engine_state, &name.item).is_none() && !ignore_errors {
+                let all_names: Vec<String> = stack
+                    .get_env_var_names(engine_state)
+                    .iter()
+                    .cloned()
+                    .collect();
+                if let Some(closest_match) = did_you_mean(&all_names, &name.item) {
+                    return Err(ShellError::DidYouMeanCustom(
+                        format!("Environment variable '{}' not found", name.item),
+                        closest_match,
+                        name.span,
+                    ));
+                } else {
+                    return Err(ShellError::EnvVarNotFoundAtRuntime(name.item, name.span));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(PipelineData::new(call.head))
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![Example {
+            description: "Hide an environment variable",
+            example: r#"let-env HZ_ENV_ABC = 1; hide-env HZ_ENV_ABC; 'HZ_ENV_ABC' in (env).name"#,
+            result: Some(Value::boolean(false, Span::test_data())),
+        }]
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/if_.rs

@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ impl Command for If {
                                 call.redirect_stdout,
                                 call.redirect_stderr,
                             )
+                            .map(|res| res.0)
                         }
                     } else {
                         eval_expression_with_input(
@@ -102,6 +103,7 @@ impl Command for If {
                             call.redirect_stdout,
                             call.redirect_stderr,
                         )
+                        .map(|res| res.0)
                     }
                 } else {
                     Ok(PipelineData::new(call.head))

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/ignore.rs

@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@ impl Command for Ignore {
         Signature::build("ignore").category(Category::Core)
     }
 
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["silent", "quiet", "out-null"]
+    }
+
     fn run(
         &self,
         _engine_state: &EngineState,

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/let_.rs

@@ -35,6 +35,10 @@ impl Command for Let {
         true
     }
 
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["set", "const"]
+    }
+
     fn run(
         &self,
         engine_state: &EngineState,
@@ -61,7 +65,8 @@ impl Command for Let {
             input,
             call.redirect_stdout,
             call.redirect_stderr,
-        )?;
+        )?
+        .0;
 
         //println!("Adding: {:?} to {}", rhs, var_id);
 

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/mod.rs

@@ -12,10 +12,12 @@ mod export_def;
 mod export_def_env;
 mod export_env;
 mod export_extern;
+mod export_use;
 mod extern_;
 mod for_;
-mod help;
+pub mod help;
 mod hide;
+mod hide_env;
 mod if_;
 mod ignore;
 mod let_;
@@ -40,10 +42,12 @@ pub use export_def::ExportDef;
 pub use export_def_env::ExportDefEnv;
 pub use export_env::ExportEnv;
 pub use export_extern::ExportExtern;
+pub use export_use::ExportUse;
 pub use extern_::Extern;
 pub use for_::For;
 pub use help::Help;
 pub use hide::Hide;
+pub use hide_env::HideEnv;
 pub use if_::If;
 pub use ignore::Ignore;
 pub use let_::Let;

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/overlay/add.rs

@@ -24,12 +24,16 @@ impl Command for OverlayAdd {
                 SyntaxShape::String,
                 "Module name to create overlay for",
             )
-            // TODO:
-            // .switch(
-            //     "prefix",
-            //     "Prepend module name to the imported symbols",
-            //     Some('p'),
-            // )
+            .optional(
+                "as",
+                SyntaxShape::Keyword(b"as".to_vec(), Box::new(SyntaxShape::String)),
+                "as keyword followed by a new name",
+            )
+            .switch(
+                "prefix",
+                "Prepend module name to the imported commands and aliases",
+                Some('p'),
+            )
             .category(Category::Core)
     }
 
@@ -51,67 +55,86 @@ impl Command for OverlayAdd {
     ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
         let name_arg: Spanned<String> = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
 
-        let maybe_overlay_name = if engine_state
+        let (overlay_name, overlay_name_span) = if let Some(kw_expression) = call.positional_nth(1)
+        {
+            // If renamed via the 'as' keyword, use the new name as the overlay name
+            if let Some(new_name_expression) = kw_expression.as_keyword() {
+                if let Some(new_name) = new_name_expression.as_string() {
+                    (new_name, new_name_expression.span)
+                } else {
+                    return Err(ShellError::NushellFailedSpanned(
+                        "Wrong keyword type".to_string(),
+                        "keyword argument not a string".to_string(),
+                        new_name_expression.span,
+                    ));
+                }
+            } else {
+                return Err(ShellError::NushellFailedSpanned(
+                    "Wrong keyword type".to_string(),
+                    "keyword argument not a keyword".to_string(),
+                    kw_expression.span,
+                ));
+            }
+        } else if engine_state
             .find_overlay(name_arg.item.as_bytes())
             .is_some()
         {
-            Some(name_arg.item.clone())
+            (name_arg.item, name_arg.span)
         } else if let Some(os_str) = Path::new(&name_arg.item).file_stem() {
-            os_str.to_str().map(|name| name.to_string())
-        } else {
-            None
-        };
-
-        if let Some(overlay_name) = maybe_overlay_name {
-            if let Some(overlay_id) = engine_state.find_overlay(overlay_name.as_bytes()) {
-                let old_module_id = engine_state.get_overlay(overlay_id).origin;
-
-                stack.add_overlay(overlay_name.clone());
-
-                if let Some(new_module_id) = engine_state.find_module(overlay_name.as_bytes(), &[])
-                {
-                    if !stack.has_env_overlay(&overlay_name, engine_state)
-                        || (old_module_id != new_module_id)
-                    {
-                        // Add environment variables only if:
-                        // a) adding a new overlay
-                        // b) refreshing an active overlay (the origin module changed)
-                        let module = engine_state.get_module(new_module_id);
-
-                        for (name, block_id) in module.env_vars() {
-                            let name = if let Ok(s) = String::from_utf8(name.clone()) {
-                                s
-                            } else {
-                                return Err(ShellError::NonUtf8(call.head));
-                            };
-
-                            let block = engine_state.get_block(block_id);
-
-                            let val = eval_block(
-                                engine_state,
-                                stack,
-                                block,
-                                PipelineData::new(call.head),
-                                false,
-                                true,
-                            )?
-                            .into_value(call.head);
-
-                            stack.add_env_var(name, val);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
+            if let Some(name) = os_str.to_str() {
+                (name.to_string(), name_arg.span)
             } else {
-                return Err(ShellError::OverlayNotFoundAtRuntime(
-                    name_arg.item,
-                    name_arg.span,
-                ));
+                return Err(ShellError::NonUtf8(name_arg.span));
             }
         } else {
             return Err(ShellError::OverlayNotFoundAtRuntime(
                 name_arg.item,
                 name_arg.span,
             ));
+        };
+
+        if let Some(overlay_id) = engine_state.find_overlay(overlay_name.as_bytes()) {
+            let old_module_id = engine_state.get_overlay(overlay_id).origin;
+
+            stack.add_overlay(overlay_name.clone());
+
+            if let Some(new_module_id) = engine_state.find_module(overlay_name.as_bytes(), &[]) {
+                if !stack.has_env_overlay(&overlay_name, engine_state)
+                    || (old_module_id != new_module_id)
+                {
+                    // Add environment variables only if:
+                    // a) adding a new overlay
+                    // b) refreshing an active overlay (the origin module changed)
+                    let module = engine_state.get_module(new_module_id);
+
+                    for (name, block_id) in module.env_vars() {
+                        let name = if let Ok(s) = String::from_utf8(name.clone()) {
+                            s
+                        } else {
+                            return Err(ShellError::NonUtf8(call.head));
+                        };
+
+                        let block = engine_state.get_block(block_id);
+
+                        let val = eval_block(
+                            engine_state,
+                            stack,
+                            block,
+                            PipelineData::new(call.head),
+                            false,
+                            true,
+                        )?
+                        .into_value(call.head);
+
+                        stack.add_env_var(name, val);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            return Err(ShellError::OverlayNotFoundAtRuntime(
+                overlay_name,
+                overlay_name_span,
+            ));
         }
 
         Ok(PipelineData::new(call.head))
@@ -122,13 +145,22 @@ impl Command for OverlayAdd {
             Example {
                 description: "Create an overlay from a module",
                 example: r#"module spam { export def foo [] { "foo" } }
-    overlay add spam"#,
+    overlay add spam
+    foo"#,
+                result: None,
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Create an overlay with a prefix",
+                example: r#"echo 'export def foo { "foo" }'
+    overlay add --prefix spam
+    spam foo"#,
                 result: None,
             },
             Example {
                 description: "Create an overlay from a file",
                 example: r#"echo 'export env FOO { "foo" }' | save spam.nu
-    overlay add spam.nu"#,
+    overlay add spam.nu
+    $env.FOO"#,
                 result: None,
             },
         ]

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/overlay/remove.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
 use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
-use nu_protocol::{
-    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Spanned, SyntaxShape, Value,
-};
+use nu_protocol::{Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Spanned, SyntaxShape};
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct OverlayRemove;
@@ -22,9 +20,15 @@ impl Command for OverlayRemove {
             .optional("name", SyntaxShape::String, "Overlay to remove")
             .switch(
                 "keep-custom",
-                "Keep newly added symbols within the next activated overlay",
+                "Keep all newly added symbols within the next activated overlay",
                 Some('k'),
             )
+            .named(
+                "keep-env",
+                SyntaxShape::List(Box::new(SyntaxShape::String)),
+                "List of environment variables to keep from the removed overlay",
+                Some('e'),
+            )
             .category(Category::Core)
     }
 
@@ -60,30 +64,44 @@ impl Command for OverlayRemove {
             ));
         }
 
-        if call.has_flag("keep-custom") {
+        let keep_env: Option<Vec<Spanned<String>>> =
+            call.get_flag(engine_state, stack, "keep-env")?;
+
+        let env_vars_to_keep = if call.has_flag("keep-custom") {
             if let Some(overlay_id) = engine_state.find_overlay(overlay_name.item.as_bytes()) {
                 let overlay_frame = engine_state.get_overlay(overlay_id);
                 let origin_module = engine_state.get_module(overlay_frame.origin);
 
-                let env_vars_to_keep: Vec<(String, Value)> = stack
+                stack
                     .get_overlay_env_vars(engine_state, &overlay_name.item)
                     .into_iter()
                     .filter(|(name, _)| !origin_module.has_env_var(name.as_bytes()))
-                    .collect();
-
-                stack.remove_overlay(&overlay_name.item);
-
-                for (name, val) in env_vars_to_keep {
-                    stack.add_env_var(name, val);
-                }
+                    .collect()
             } else {
                 return Err(ShellError::OverlayNotFoundAtRuntime(
                     overlay_name.item,
                     overlay_name.span,
                 ));
             }
+        } else if let Some(env_var_names_to_keep) = keep_env {
+            let mut env_vars_to_keep = vec![];
+
+            for name in env_var_names_to_keep.into_iter() {
+                match stack.get_env_var(engine_state, &name.item) {
+                    Some(val) => env_vars_to_keep.push((name.item, val.clone())),
+                    None => return Err(ShellError::EnvVarNotFoundAtRuntime(name.item, name.span)),
+                }
+            }
+
+            env_vars_to_keep
         } else {
-            stack.remove_overlay(&overlay_name.item);
+            vec![]
+        };
+
+        stack.remove_overlay(&overlay_name.item);
+
+        for (name, val) in env_vars_to_keep {
+            stack.add_env_var(name, val);
         }
 
         Ok(PipelineData::new(call.head))
@@ -112,6 +130,13 @@ impl Command for OverlayRemove {
     overlay remove"#,
                 result: None,
             },
+            Example {
+                description: "Keep the current working directory when removing an overlay",
+                example: r#"overlay new spam
+    cd some-dir
+    overlay remove --keep-env [ PWD ] spam"#,
+                result: None,
+            },
         ]
     }
 }

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/source.rs

@@ -69,11 +69,6 @@ impl Command for Source {
                 example: r#"source ./foo.nu; say-hi"#,
                 result: None,
             },
-            Example {
-                description: "Runs foo.nu in current context and call the `main` command automatically, suppose foo.nu has content: `def main [] { echo 'Hi!' }`",
-                example: r#"source ./foo.nu"#,
-                result: None,
-            },
         ]
     }
 }

crates/nu-command/src/database/commands/alias.rs

@@ -32,17 +32,16 @@ impl Command for AliasDb {
         vec![
             Example {
                 description: "Creates an alias for a selected table",
-                example: r#"open db.mysql
-    | into db
+                example: r#"open db.sqlite
+    | from table table_1
     | select a
-    | from table_1
     | as t1
     | describe"#,
                 result: Some(Value::Record {
                     cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
                     vals: vec![
                         Value::String {
-                            val: "db.mysql".into(),
+                            val: "db.sqlite".into(),
                             span: Span::test_data(),
                         },
                         Value::String {
@@ -55,22 +54,20 @@ impl Command for AliasDb {
             },
             Example {
                 description: "Creates an alias for a derived table",
-                example: r#"open db.mysql
-    | into db
-    | select a
-    | from (
-        open db.mysql
-        | into db
+                example: r#"open db.sqlite
+    | from table (
+        open db.sqlite
+        | from table table_a
         | select a b
-        | from table_a
       )
+    | select a
     | as t1
     | describe"#,
                 result: Some(Value::Record {
                     cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
                     vals: vec![
                         Value::String {
-                            val: "db.mysql".into(),
+                            val: "db.sqlite".into(),
                             span: Span::test_data(),
                         },
                         Value::String {
@@ -148,15 +145,13 @@ fn alias_db(
                     Vec::new(),
                 )),
             },
-            s => {
-                return Err(ShellError::GenericError(
-                    "Connection doesn't define a query".into(),
-                    format!("Expected a connection with query. Got {}", s),
-                    Some(call.head),
-                    None,
-                    Vec::new(),
-                ))
-            }
+            s => Err(ShellError::GenericError(
+                "Connection doesn't define a query".into(),
+                format!("Expected a connection with query. Got {}", s),
+                Some(call.head),
+                None,
+                Vec::new(),
+            )),
         },
     }
 }

crates/nu-command/src/database/commands/and.rs

@@ -38,10 +38,9 @@ impl Command for AndDb {
         vec![
             Example {
                 description: "Selects a column from a database with an AND clause",
-                example: r#"open db.mysql
-    | into db
+                example: r#"open db.sqlite
+    | from table table_1
     | select a
-    | from table_1
     | where ((field a) > 1)
     | and ((field b) == 1)
     | describe"#,
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ impl Command for AndDb {
                     cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
                     vals: vec![
                         Value::String {
-                            val: "db.mysql".into(),
+                            val: "db.sqlite".into(),
                             span: Span::test_data(),
                         },
                         Value::String {
@@ -62,10 +61,9 @@ impl Command for AndDb {
             },
             Example {
                 description: "Creates a AND clause combined with an expression AND",
-                example: r#"open db.mysql
-    | into db
+                example: r#"open db.sqlite
+    | from table table_1
     | select a
-    | from table_1
     | where ((field a) > 1 | and ((field a) < 10))
     | and ((field b) == 1)
     | describe"#,
@@ -73,7 +71,7 @@ impl Command for AndDb {
                     cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
                     vals: vec![
                         Value::String {
-                            val: "db.mysql".into(),
+                            val: "db.sqlite".into(),
                             span: Span::test_data(),
                         },
                         Value::String {

crates/nu-command/src/database/commands/collect.rs

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ impl Command for CollectDb {
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
         vec![Example {
             description: "Collect from a select query",
-            example: "open foo.db | into db | select a | from table_1 | collect",
+            example: "open foo.db | from table table_1 db | select a | collect",
             result: None,
         }]
     }

crates/nu-command/src/database/commands/describe.rs

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ impl Command for DescribeDb {
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
         vec![Example {
             description: "Describe SQLite database constructed query",
-            example: "open foo.db | into db | select col_1 | from table_1 | describe",
+            example: "open foo.db | from table table_1 | select col_1 | describe",
             result: Some(Value::Record {
                 cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
                 vals: vec![

crates/nu-command/src/database/commands/from.rs

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ pub struct FromDb;
 
 impl Command for FromDb {
     fn name(&self) -> &str {
-        "from"
+        "from table"
     }
 
     fn usage(&self) -> &str {
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ impl Command for FromDb {
                 "Alias for the selected table",
                 Some('a'),
             )
-            .input_type(Type::Custom("database".into()))
+            .input_type(Type::Any)
             .output_type(Type::Custom("database".into()))
             .category(Category::Custom("database".into()))
     }
@@ -47,12 +47,12 @@ impl Command for FromDb {
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
         vec![Example {
             description: "Selects a table from database",
-            example: "open db.mysql | into db | from table_a | describe",
+            example: "open db.sqlite | from table table_a | describe",
             result: Some(Value::Record {
                 cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
                 vals: vec![
                     Value::String {
-                        val: "db.mysql".into(),
+                        val: "db.sqlite".into(),
                         span: Span::test_data(),
                     },
                     Value::String {

crates/nu-command/src/database/commands/group_by.rs

@@ -42,9 +42,8 @@ impl Command for GroupByDb {
         vec![
             Example {
                 description: "groups by column a and calculates the max",
-                example: r#"open db.mysql
-    | into db
-    | from table_a
+                example: r#"open db.sqlite
+    | from table table_a
     | select (fn max a)
     | group-by a
     | describe"#,
@@ -52,7 +51,7 @@ impl Command for GroupByDb {
                     cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
                     vals: vec![
                         Value::String {
-                            val: "db.mysql".into(),
+                            val: "db.sqlite".into(),
                             span: Span::test_data(),
                         },
                         Value::String {
@@ -65,9 +64,8 @@ impl Command for GroupByDb {
             },
             Example {
                 description: "groups by column column a and counts records",
-                example: r#"open db.mysql
-    | into db
-    | from table_a
+                example: r#"open db.sqlite
+    | from table table_a
     | select (fn count *)
     | group-by a
     | describe"#,
@@ -75,7 +73,7 @@ impl Command for GroupByDb {
                     cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
                     vals: vec![
                         Value::String {
-                            val: "db.mysql".into(),
+                            val: "db.sqlite".into(),
                             span: Span::test_data(),
                         },
                         Value::String {

crates/nu-command/src/database/commands/into_sqlite.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+use crate::database::values::sqlite::open_sqlite_db;
+use itertools::Itertools;
+use nu_engine::CallExt;
+use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
+use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
+use nu_protocol::{
+    Category, Config, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span,
+    Spanned, SyntaxShape, Type, Value,
+};
+use std::iter;
+use std::path::Path;
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct IntoSqliteDb;
+
+impl Command for IntoSqliteDb {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "into sqlite"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build("into sqlite")
+            .required(
+                "file_name",
+                SyntaxShape::String,
+                "Specify the filename to save the database to",
+            )
+            .named(
+                "table_name",
+                SyntaxShape::String,
+                "Specify table name to store the data in",
+                Some('t'),
+            )
+            .category(Category::Conversions)
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
+        operate(engine_state, stack, call, input)
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Convert table into a sqlite database"
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["convert", "sqlite", "database"]
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![Example {
+            description: "Convert ls entries into a sqlite database with 'main' as the table name",
+            example: "ls | into sqlite my_ls.db",
+            result: None,
+        },
+        Example {
+            description: "Convert ls entries into a sqlite database with 'my_table' as the table name",
+            example: "ls | into sqlite my_ls.db -t my_table",
+            result: None,
+        },
+        Example {
+            description: "Convert table literal into a sqlite database with 'main' as the table name",
+            example: "[[name]; [-----] [someone] [=====] [somename] ['(((((']] | into sqlite filename.db",
+            result: None,
+        },
+        Example {
+            description: "Convert a variety of values in table literal form into a sqlite database",
+            example: "[one 2 5.2 six true 100mib 25sec] | into sqlite variety.db",
+            result: None,
+        }]
+    }
+}
+
+fn operate(
+    engine_state: &EngineState,
+    stack: &mut Stack,
+    call: &Call,
+    input: PipelineData,
+) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
+    let span = call.head;
+    let config = engine_state.get_config();
+    let file_name: Spanned<String> = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+    let table_name: Option<Spanned<String>> = call.get_flag(engine_state, stack, "table_name")?;
+
+    // collect the input into a value
+    let table_entries = input.into_value(span);
+
+    match action(&table_entries, table_name, file_name, config, span) {
+        Ok(val) => Ok(val.into_pipeline_data()),
+        Err(e) => Err(e),
+    }
+}
+
+fn action(
+    input: &Value,
+    table: Option<Spanned<String>>,
+    file: Spanned<String>,
+    config: &Config,
+    span: Span,
+) -> Result<Value, ShellError> {
+    let table_name = if let Some(table_name) = table {
+        table_name.item
+    } else {
+        "main".to_string()
+    };
+
+    match input {
+        Value::List { vals, span } => {
+            // find the column names, and sqlite data types
+            let columns = get_columns_with_sqlite_types(vals);
+
+            let table_columns_creation = columns
+                .iter()
+                .map(|(name, sql_type)| format!("{} {}", name, sql_type))
+                .join(",");
+
+            // get the values
+            let table_values = vals
+                .iter()
+                .map(|list_value| {
+                    format!(
+                        "({})",
+                        match list_value {
+                            Value::Record {
+                                cols: _,
+                                vals,
+                                span: _,
+                            } => {
+                                vals.iter()
+                                    .map(|rec_val| {
+                                        format!(
+                                            "'{}'",
+                                            nu_value_to_string(rec_val.clone(), "", config)
+                                        )
+                                    })
+                                    .join(",")
+                            }
+                            // Number formats so keep them without quotes
+                            Value::Int { val: _, span: _ }
+                            | Value::Float { val: _, span: _ }
+                            | Value::Filesize { val: _, span: _ }
+                            | Value::Duration { val: _, span: _ } =>
+                                nu_value_to_string(list_value.clone(), "", config),
+                            _ =>
+                            // String formats so add quotes around them
+                                format!("'{}'", nu_value_to_string(list_value.clone(), "", config)),
+                        }
+                    )
+                })
+                .join(",");
+
+            // create the sqlite database table
+            let conn = open_sqlite_db(Path::new(&file.item), file.span)?;
+
+            // create a string for sql table creation
+            let create_statement = format!(
+                "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS {} ({})",
+                table_name, table_columns_creation
+            );
+
+            // prepare the string as a sqlite statement
+            let mut stmt = conn.prepare(&create_statement).map_err(|e| {
+                ShellError::GenericError(
+                    "Failed to prepare SQLite statement".into(),
+                    e.to_string(),
+                    Some(file.span),
+                    None,
+                    Vec::new(),
+                )
+            })?;
+
+            // execute the statement
+            stmt.execute([]).map_err(|e| {
+                ShellError::GenericError(
+                    "Failed to execute SQLite statement".into(),
+                    e.to_string(),
+                    Some(file.span),
+                    None,
+                    Vec::new(),
+                )
+            })?;
+
+            // use normal sql to create the table
+            // insert into table_name
+            // values
+            // ('xx', 'yy', 'zz'),
+            // ('aa', 'bb', 'cc'),
+            // ('dd', 'ee', 'ff')
+
+            // create the string for inserting data into the table
+            let insert_statement = format!("INSERT INTO {} VALUES {}", table_name, table_values);
+
+            // prepare the string as a sqlite statement
+            let mut stmt = conn.prepare(&insert_statement).map_err(|e| {
+                ShellError::GenericError(
+                    "Failed to prepare SQLite statement".into(),
+                    e.to_string(),
+                    Some(file.span),
+                    None,
+                    Vec::new(),
+                )
+            })?;
+
+            // execute the statement
+            stmt.execute([]).map_err(|e| {
+                ShellError::GenericError(
+                    "Failed to execute SQLite statement".into(),
+                    e.to_string(),
+                    Some(file.span),
+                    None,
+                    Vec::new(),
+                )
+            })?;
+
+            // and we're done
+            Ok(Value::Nothing { span: *span })
+        }
+        _ => Err(ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+            format!(
+                "Expected a list but instead received a {}",
+                input.get_type()
+            ),
+            span,
+        )),
+    }
+}
+
+// This is taken from to text local_into_string but tweaks it a bit so that certain formatting does not happen
+fn nu_value_to_string(value: Value, separator: &str, config: &Config) -> String {
+    match value {
+        Value::Bool { val, .. } => val.to_string(),
+        Value::Int { val, .. } => val.to_string(),
+        Value::Float { val, .. } => val.to_string(),
+        Value::Filesize { val, .. } => val.to_string(),
+        Value::Duration { val, .. } => val.to_string(),
+        Value::Date { val, .. } => val.to_string(),
+        Value::Range { val, .. } => {
+            format!(
+                "{}..{}",
+                nu_value_to_string(val.from, ", ", config),
+                nu_value_to_string(val.to, ", ", config)
+            )
+        }
+        Value::String { val, .. } => {
+            // don't store ansi escape sequences in the database
+            let stripped = {
+                match strip_ansi_escapes::strip(&val) {
+                    Ok(item) => String::from_utf8(item).unwrap_or(val),
+                    Err(_) => val,
+                }
+            };
+            // escape single quotes
+            stripped.replace('\'', "''")
+        }
+        Value::List { vals: val, .. } => val
+            .iter()
+            .map(|x| nu_value_to_string(x.clone(), ", ", config))
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+            .join(separator),
+        Value::Record { cols, vals, .. } => cols
+            .iter()
+            .zip(vals.iter())
+            .map(|(x, y)| format!("{}: {}", x, nu_value_to_string(y.clone(), ", ", config)))
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+            .join(separator),
+        Value::Block { val, .. } => format!("<Block {}>", val),
+        Value::Nothing { .. } => String::new(),
+        Value::Error { error } => format!("{:?}", error),
+        Value::Binary { val, .. } => format!("{:?}", val),
+        Value::CellPath { val, .. } => val.into_string(),
+        Value::CustomValue { val, .. } => val.value_string(),
+    }
+}
+
+// Each value stored in an SQLite database (or manipulated by the database engine) has one of the following storage classes:
+// NULL. The value is a NULL value.
+// INTEGER. The value is a signed integer, stored in 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, or 8 bytes depending on the magnitude of the value.
+// REAL. The value is a floating point value, stored as an 8-byte IEEE floating point number.
+// TEXT. The value is a text string, stored using the database encoding (UTF-8, UTF-16BE or UTF-16LE).
+// BLOB. The value is a blob of data, stored exactly as it was input.
+fn nu_type_to_sqlite_type(nu_type: Type) -> &'static str {
+    match nu_type {
+        Type::Int => "INTEGER",
+        Type::Float => "REAL",
+        Type::String => "TEXT",
+        Type::Bool => "TEXT",
+        Type::Nothing => "NULL",
+        Type::Filesize => "INTEGER",
+        Type::Date => "TEXT",
+        _ => "TEXT",
+    }
+}
+
+fn get_columns_with_sqlite_types(input: &[Value]) -> Vec<(String, String)> {
+    let mut columns: Vec<(String, String)> = vec![];
+    let mut added = false;
+
+    for item in input {
+        // let sqlite_type = nu_type_to_sqlite_type(item.get_type());
+        // eprintln!(
+        //     "item_type: {:?}, sqlite_type: {:?}",
+        //     item.get_type(),
+        //     sqlite_type
+        // );
+
+        if let Value::Record { cols, vals, .. } = item {
+            for (c, v) in iter::zip(cols, vals) {
+                if !columns.iter().any(|(name, _)| name == c) {
+                    columns.push((
+                        c.to_string(),
+                        nu_type_to_sqlite_type(v.get_type()).to_string(),
+                    ));
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            // force every other type to a string
+            if !added {
+                columns.push(("value".to_string(), "TEXT".to_string()));
+                added = true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    columns
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    // use super::{action, IntoSqliteDb};
+    // use nu_protocol::Type::Error;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        use crate::test_examples;
+
+        test_examples(IntoSqliteDb {})
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/database/commands/join.rs

@@ -54,17 +54,16 @@ impl Command for JoinDb {
         vec![
             Example {
                 description: "joins two tables on col_b",
-                example: r#"open db.mysql
-    | into db
-    | select col_a
-    | from table_1 --as t1
+                example: r#"open db.sqlite
+    | from table table_1 --as t1
     | join table_2 col_b --as t2
+    | select col_a
     | describe"#,
                 result: Some(Value::Record {
                     cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
                     vals: vec![
                         Value::String {
-                            val: "db.mysql".into(),
+                            val: "db.sqlite".into(),
                             span: Span::test_data(),
                         },
                         Value::String {
@@ -78,22 +77,20 @@ impl Command for JoinDb {
             },
             Example {
                 description: "joins a table with a derived table using aliases",
-                example: r#"open db.mysql
-    | into db
-    | select col_a
-    | from table_1 --as t1
+                example: r#"open db.sqlite
+    | from table table_1 --as t1
     | join (
-        open db.mysql
-        | into db
+        open db.sqlite
+        | from table table_2
         | select col_c
-        | from table_2
       ) ((field t1.col_a) == (field t2.col_c)) --as t2 --right
+    | select col_a
     | describe"#,
                 result: Some(Value::Record {
                     cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
                     vals: vec![
                         Value::String {
-                            val: "db.mysql".into(),
+                            val: "db.sqlite".into(),
                             span: Span::test_data(),
                         },
                         Value::String {

crates/nu-command/src/database/commands/limit.rs

@@ -40,9 +40,8 @@ impl Command for LimitDb {
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
         vec![Example {
             description: "Limits selection from table",
-            example: r#"open db.mysql
-    | into db
-    | from table_a
+            example: r#"open db.sqlite
+    | from table table_a
     | select a
     | limit 10
     | describe"#,
@@ -50,7 +49,7 @@ impl Command for LimitDb {
                 cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
                 vals: vec![
                     Value::String {
-                        val: "db.mysql".into(),
+                        val: "db.sqlite".into(),
                         span: Span::test_data(),
                     },
                     Value::String {

crates/nu-command/src/database/commands/mod.rs

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ mod collect;
 mod describe;
 mod from;
 mod group_by;
+mod into_sqlite;
 mod join;
 mod limit;
 mod open;
@@ -22,16 +23,16 @@ mod where_;
 mod testing;
 use testing::TestingDb;
 
-use nu_protocol::engine::StateWorkingSet;
-
 use alias::AliasDb;
 use and::AndDb;
 use collect::CollectDb;
 pub(crate) use describe::DescribeDb;
 pub(crate) use from::FromDb;
 use group_by::GroupByDb;
+use into_sqlite::IntoSqliteDb;
 use join::JoinDb;
 use limit::LimitDb;
+use nu_protocol::engine::StateWorkingSet;
 use open::OpenDb;
 use or::OrDb;
 use order_by::OrderByDb;
@@ -60,6 +61,7 @@ pub fn add_commands_decls(working_set: &mut StateWorkingSet) {
         DescribeDb,
         FromDb,
         GroupByDb,
+        IntoSqliteDb,
         JoinDb,
         LimitDb,
         OpenDb,

crates/nu-command/src/database/commands/or.rs

@@ -38,10 +38,9 @@ impl Command for OrDb {
         vec![
             Example {
                 description: "selects a column from a database with an OR clause",
-                example: r#"open db.mysql
-    | into db
+                example: r#"open db.sqlite
+    | from table table_1
     | select a
-    | from table_1
     | where ((field a) > 1)
     | or ((field b) == 1)
     | describe"#,
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ impl Command for OrDb {
                     cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
                     vals: vec![
                         Value::String {
-                            val: "db.mysql".into(),
+                            val: "db.sqlite".into(),
                             span: Span::test_data(),
                         },
                         Value::String {
@@ -62,10 +61,9 @@ impl Command for OrDb {
             },
             Example {
                 description: "Creates an OR clause in the column names and a column",
-                example: r#"open db.mysql
-    | into db
+                example: r#"open db.sqlite
+    | from table table_1
     | select a
-    | from table_1
     | where ((field a) > 1 | or ((field a) < 10))
     | or ((field b) == 1)
     | describe"#,
@@ -73,7 +71,7 @@ impl Command for OrDb {
                     cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
                     vals: vec![
                         Value::String {
-                            val: "db.mysql".into(),
+                            val: "db.sqlite".into(),
                             span: Span::test_data(),
                         },
                         Value::String {

crates/nu-command/src/database/commands/order_by.rs

@@ -44,9 +44,8 @@ impl Command for OrderByDb {
         vec![
             Example {
                 description: "orders query by a column",
-                example: r#"open db.mysql
-    | into db
-    | from table_a
+                example: r#"open db.sqlite
+    | from table table_a
     | select a
     | order-by a
     | describe"#,
@@ -54,7 +53,7 @@ impl Command for OrderByDb {
                     cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
                     vals: vec![
                         Value::String {
-                            val: "db.mysql".into(),
+                            val: "db.sqlite".into(),
                             span: Span::test_data(),
                         },
                         Value::String {
@@ -67,9 +66,8 @@ impl Command for OrderByDb {
             },
             Example {
                 description: "orders query by column a ascending and by column b",
-                example: r#"open db.mysql
-    | into db
-    | from table_a
+                example: r#"open db.sqlite
+    | from table table_a
     | select a
     | order-by a --ascending
     | order-by b
@@ -78,7 +76,7 @@ impl Command for OrderByDb {
                     cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
                     vals: vec![
                         Value::String {
-                            val: "db.mysql".into(),
+                            val: "db.sqlite".into(),
                             span: Span::test_data(),
                         },
                         Value::String {

crates/nu-command/src/database/commands/query.rs

@@ -13,17 +13,17 @@ pub struct QueryDb;
 
 impl Command for QueryDb {
     fn name(&self) -> &str {
-        "query"
+        "query db"
     }
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build(self.name())
             .required(
-                "query",
+                "SQL",
                 SyntaxShape::String,
                 "SQL to execute against the database",
             )
-            .input_type(Type::Custom("database".into()))
+            .input_type(Type::Any)
             .output_type(Type::Any)
             .category(Category::Custom("database".into()))
     }
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ impl Command for QueryDb {
 
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
         vec![Example {
-            description: "Execute a query statement using the database connection",
-            example: r#"open foo.db | into db | query "SELECT * FROM Bar""#,
+            description: "Execute SQL against a SQLite database",
+            example: r#"open foo.db | query db "SELECT * FROM Bar""#,
             result: None,
         }]
     }

crates/nu-command/src/database/commands/schema.rs

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ impl Command for SchemaDb {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build(self.name())
-            .input_type(Type::Custom("database".into()))
+            .input_type(Type::Any)
             .output_type(Type::Any)
             .category(Category::Custom("database".into()))
     }
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ impl Command for SchemaDb {
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
         vec![Example {
             description: "Show the schema of a SQLite database",
-            example: r#"open foo.db | into db | schema"#,
+            example: r#"open foo.db | schema"#,
             result: None,
         }]
     }

crates/nu-command/src/database/commands/select.rs

@@ -40,12 +40,12 @@ impl Command for ProjectionDb {
         vec![
             Example {
                 description: "selects a column from a database",
-                example: "open db.mysql | into db | select a | describe",
+                example: "open db.sqlite | into db | select a | describe",
                 result: Some(Value::Record {
                     cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
                     vals: vec![
                         Value::String {
-                            val: "db.mysql".into(),
+                            val: "db.sqlite".into(),
                             span: Span::test_data(),
                         },
                         Value::String {
@@ -58,16 +58,16 @@ impl Command for ProjectionDb {
             },
             Example {
                 description: "selects columns from a database using alias",
-                example: r#"open db.mysql
+                example: r#"open db.sqlite
     | into db
     | select (field a | as new_a) b c
-    | from table_1
+    | from table table_1
     | describe"#,
                 result: Some(Value::Record {
                     cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
                     vals: vec![
                         Value::String {
-                            val: "db.mysql".into(),
+                            val: "db.sqlite".into(),
                             span: Span::test_data(),
                         },
                         Value::String {

crates/nu-command/src/database/commands/to_db.rs

@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@ impl Command for ToDataBase {
         "Converts into an open db connection"
     }
 
+    fn extra_usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "This function is used as type hint for parser, specially if the query is not started with 'from table'"
+    }
+
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build(self.name())
             .input_type(Type::Any)
@@ -32,7 +36,7 @@ impl Command for ToDataBase {
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
         vec![Example {
             description: "Converts an open file into a db object",
-            example: "open db.mysql | into db",
+            example: "open db.sqlite | into db",
             result: None,
         }]
     }

crates/nu-command/src/database/commands/where_.rs

@@ -37,17 +37,16 @@ impl Command for WhereDb {
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
         vec![Example {
             description: "selects a column from a database with a where clause",
-            example: r#"open db.mysql
-    | into db
+            example: r#"open db.sqlite
+    | from table table_1
     | select a
-    | from table_1
     | where ((field a) > 1)
     | describe"#,
             result: Some(Value::Record {
                 cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
                 vals: vec![
                     Value::String {
-                        val: "db.mysql".into(),
+                        val: "db.sqlite".into(),
                         span: Span::test_data(),
                     },
                     Value::String {

crates/nu-command/src/database/expressions/function.rs

@@ -68,16 +68,15 @@ impl Command for FunctionExpr {
             },
             Example {
                 description: "orders query by a column",
-                example: r#"open db.mysql
-    | into db
+                example: r#"open db.sqlite
+    | from table table_a
     | select (fn lead col_a)
-    | from table_a
     | describe"#,
                 result: Some(Value::Record {
                     cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
                     vals: vec![
                         Value::String {
-                            val: "db.mysql".into(),
+                            val: "db.sqlite".into(),
                             span: Span::test_data(),
                         },
                         Value::String {

crates/nu-command/src/database/expressions/over.rs

@@ -69,16 +69,15 @@ impl Command for OverExpr {
         },
             Example {
                 description: "orders query by a column",
-                example: r#"open db.mysql
-    | into db
+                example: r#"open db.sqlite
+    | from table table_a
     | select (fn lead col_a | over col_b)
-    | from table_a
     | describe"#,
                 result: Some(Value::Record {
                     cols: vec!["connection".into(), "query".into()],
                     vals: vec![
                         Value::String {
-                            val: "db.mysql".into(),
+                            val: "db.sqlite".into(),
                             span: Span::test_data(),
                         },
                         Value::String {

crates/nu-command/src/database/test_database.rs

@@ -75,8 +75,9 @@ pub fn test_database(cmds: Vec<Box<dyn Command + 'static>>) {
         working_set.render()
     };
 
-    let cwd = std::env::current_dir().expect("Could not get current working directory.");
-    let _ = engine_state.merge_delta(delta, None, &cwd);
+    engine_state
+        .merge_delta(delta)
+        .expect("Error merging delta");
 
     for example in examples {
         // Skip tests that don't have results to compare to
@@ -102,7 +103,9 @@ pub fn test_database(cmds: Vec<Box<dyn Command + 'static>>) {
             (output, working_set.render())
         };
 
-        let _ = engine_state.merge_delta(delta, None, &cwd);
+        engine_state
+            .merge_delta(delta)
+            .expect("Error merging delta");
 
         let mut stack = Stack::new();
 

crates/nu-command/src/database/values/definitions/db.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use super::db_table::DbTable;
 // Thank you gobang
 // https://github.com/TaKO8Ki/gobang/blob/main/database-tree/src/lib.rs
 
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
 pub struct Db {
     pub name: String,
     pub tables: Vec<DbTable>,

crates/nu-command/src/database/values/definitions/db_schema.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use super::db_table::DbTable;
 
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
 pub struct DbSchema {
     pub name: String,
     pub tables: Vec<DbTable>,

crates/nu-command/src/database/values/definitions/db_table.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub struct DbTable {
     pub name: String,
     pub create_time: Option<chrono::DateTime<chrono::Utc>>,

crates/nu-command/src/database/values/definitions/mod.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ pub mod db_row;
 pub mod db_schema;
 pub mod db_table;
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub enum ConnectionDb {
     Path(PathBuf),
 }

crates/nu-command/src/database/values/sqlite.rs

@@ -366,16 +366,21 @@ impl CustomValue for SQLiteDatabase {
     }
 
     fn to_base_value(&self, span: Span) -> Result<Value, ShellError> {
-        let db = open_sqlite_db(self.connection.as_path(span)?, span)?;
-        read_entire_sqlite_db(db, span).map_err(|e| {
-            ShellError::GenericError(
-                "Failed to read from SQLite database".into(),
-                e.to_string(),
-                Some(span),
-                None,
-                Vec::new(),
-            )
-        })
+        match self.statement {
+            None => {
+                let db = open_sqlite_db(self.connection.as_path(span)?, span)?;
+                read_entire_sqlite_db(db, span).map_err(|e| {
+                    ShellError::GenericError(
+                        "Failed to read from SQLite database".into(),
+                        e.to_string(),
+                        Some(span),
+                        None,
+                        Vec::new(),
+                    )
+                })
+            }
+            Some(_) => self.collect(span),
+        }
     }
 
     fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn std::any::Any {
@@ -410,7 +415,7 @@ impl CustomValue for SQLiteDatabase {
     }
 }
 
-fn open_sqlite_db(path: &Path, call_span: Span) -> Result<Connection, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
+pub fn open_sqlite_db(path: &Path, call_span: Span) -> Result<Connection, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
     let path = path.to_string_lossy().to_string();
 
     Connection::open(path).map_err(|e| {
@@ -425,18 +430,8 @@ fn open_sqlite_db(path: &Path, call_span: Span) -> Result<Connection, nu_protoco
 }
 
 fn run_sql_query(conn: Connection, sql: &Spanned<String>) -> Result<Value, rusqlite::Error> {
-    let mut stmt = conn.prepare(&sql.item)?;
-    let results = stmt.query([])?;
-
-    let nu_records = results
-        .mapped(|row| Result::Ok(convert_sqlite_row_to_nu_value(row, sql.span)))
-        .into_iter()
-        .collect::<Result<Vec<Value>, rusqlite::Error>>()?;
-
-    Ok(Value::List {
-        vals: nu_records,
-        span: sql.span,
-    })
+    let stmt = conn.prepare(&sql.item)?;
+    prepared_statement_to_nu_list(stmt, sql.span)
 }
 
 fn read_single_table(
@@ -444,14 +439,30 @@ fn read_single_table(
     table_name: String,
     call_span: Span,
 ) -> Result<Value, rusqlite::Error> {
-    let mut stmt = conn.prepare(&format!("SELECT * FROM {}", table_name))?;
-    let results = stmt.query([])?;
+    let stmt = conn.prepare(&format!("SELECT * FROM {}", table_name))?;
+    prepared_statement_to_nu_list(stmt, call_span)
+}
 
+fn prepared_statement_to_nu_list(
+    mut stmt: rusqlite::Statement,
+    call_span: Span,
+) -> Result<Value, rusqlite::Error> {
+    let column_names = stmt
+        .column_names()
+        .iter()
+        .map(|c| c.to_string())
+        .collect::<Vec<String>>();
+    let results = stmt.query([])?;
     let nu_records = results
-        .mapped(|row| Result::Ok(convert_sqlite_row_to_nu_value(row, call_span)))
+        .mapped(|row| {
+            Result::Ok(convert_sqlite_row_to_nu_value(
+                row,
+                call_span,
+                column_names.clone(),
+            ))
+        })
         .into_iter()
         .collect::<Result<Vec<Value>, rusqlite::Error>>()?;
-
     Ok(Value::List {
         vals: nu_records,
         span: call_span,
@@ -470,19 +481,9 @@ fn read_entire_sqlite_db(conn: Connection, call_span: Span) -> Result<Value, rus
         let table_name: String = row?;
         table_names.push(table_name.clone());
 
-        let mut rows = Vec::new();
-        let mut table_stmt = conn.prepare(&format!("select * from [{}]", table_name))?;
-        let mut table_rows = table_stmt.query([])?;
-        while let Some(table_row) = table_rows.next()? {
-            rows.push(convert_sqlite_row_to_nu_value(table_row, call_span))
-        }
-
-        let table_record = Value::List {
-            vals: rows,
-            span: call_span,
-        };
-
-        tables.push(table_record);
+        let table_stmt = conn.prepare(&format!("select * from [{}]", table_name))?;
+        let rows = prepared_statement_to_nu_list(table_stmt, call_span)?;
+        tables.push(rows);
     }
 
     Ok(Value::Record {
@@ -492,19 +493,16 @@ fn read_entire_sqlite_db(conn: Connection, call_span: Span) -> Result<Value, rus
     })
 }
 
-pub fn convert_sqlite_row_to_nu_value(row: &Row, span: Span) -> Value {
-    let mut vals = Vec::new();
-    let colnamestr = row.as_ref().column_names().to_vec();
-    let colnames = colnamestr.iter().map(|s| s.to_string()).collect();
+pub fn convert_sqlite_row_to_nu_value(row: &Row, span: Span, column_names: Vec<String>) -> Value {
+    let mut vals = Vec::with_capacity(column_names.len());
 
-    for (i, c) in row.as_ref().column_names().iter().enumerate() {
-        let _column = c.to_string();
+    for i in 0..column_names.len() {
         let val = convert_sqlite_value_to_nu_value(row.get_ref_unwrap(i), span);
         vals.push(val);
     }
 
     Value::Record {
-        cols: colnames,
+        cols: column_names,
         vals,
         span,
     }

crates/nu-command/src/dataframe/eager/columns.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+use super::super::values::NuDataFrame;
+use nu_protocol::{
+    ast::Call,
+    engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
+    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Type, Value,
+};
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct ColumnsDF;
+
+impl Command for ColumnsDF {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "columns"
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Show dataframe columns"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build(self.name())
+            .input_type(Type::Custom("dataframe".into()))
+            .output_type(Type::Any)
+            .category(Category::Custom("dataframe".into()))
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![Example {
+            description: "Dataframe columns",
+            example: "[[a b]; [1 2] [3 4]] | into df | columns",
+            result: Some(Value::List {
+                vals: vec![
+                    Value::String {
+                        val: "a".into(),
+                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                    },
+                    Value::String {
+                        val: "b".into(),
+                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                    },
+                ],
+                span: Span::test_data(),
+            }),
+        }]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
+        command(engine_state, stack, call, input)
+    }
+}
+
+#[allow(clippy::needless_collect)]
+fn command(
+    _engine_state: &EngineState,
+    _stack: &mut Stack,
+    call: &Call,
+    input: PipelineData,
+) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
+    let df = NuDataFrame::try_from_pipeline(input, call.head)?;
+
+    let names: Vec<Value> = df
+        .as_ref()
+        .get_column_names()
+        .iter()
+        .map(|v| Value::String {
+            val: v.to_string(),
+            span: call.head,
+        })
+        .collect();
+
+    let names = Value::List {
+        vals: names,
+        span: call.head,
+    };
+
+    Ok(PipelineData::Value(names, None))
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::super::super::test_dataframe::test_dataframe;
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        test_dataframe(vec![Box::new(ColumnsDF {})])
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/dataframe/eager/first.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use super::super::values::{utils::DEFAULT_ROWS, Column, NuDataFrame};
+use super::super::values::{Column, NuDataFrame};
 use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::{
     ast::Call,
@@ -15,30 +15,54 @@ impl Command for FirstDF {
     }
 
     fn usage(&self) -> &str {
-        "Creates new dataframe with first rows"
+        "Show only the first number of rows."
     }
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build(self.name())
-            .optional("rows", SyntaxShape::Int, "Number of rows for head")
+            .optional(
+                "rows",
+                SyntaxShape::Int,
+                "starting from the front, the number of rows to return",
+            )
             .input_type(Type::Custom("dataframe".into()))
             .output_type(Type::Custom("dataframe".into()))
             .category(Category::Custom("dataframe".into()))
     }
 
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
-        vec![Example {
-            description: "Create new dataframe with head rows",
-            example: "[[a b]; [1 2] [3 4]] | into df | first 1",
-            result: Some(
-                NuDataFrame::try_from_columns(vec![
-                    Column::new("a".to_string(), vec![Value::test_int(1)]),
-                    Column::new("b".to_string(), vec![Value::test_int(2)]),
-                ])
-                .expect("simple df for test should not fail")
-                .into_value(Span::test_data()),
-            ),
-        }]
+        vec![
+            Example {
+                description: "Return the first row of a dataframe",
+                example: "[[a b]; [1 2] [3 4]] | into df | first",
+                result: Some(
+                    NuDataFrame::try_from_columns(vec![
+                        Column::new("a".to_string(), vec![Value::test_int(1)]),
+                        Column::new("b".to_string(), vec![Value::test_int(2)]),
+                    ])
+                    .expect("should not fail")
+                    .into_value(Span::test_data()),
+                ),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Return the first two rows of a dataframe",
+                example: "[[a b]; [1 2] [3 4]] | into df | first 2",
+                result: Some(
+                    NuDataFrame::try_from_columns(vec![
+                        Column::new(
+                            "a".to_string(),
+                            vec![Value::test_int(1), Value::test_int(3)],
+                        ),
+                        Column::new(
+                            "b".to_string(),
+                            vec![Value::test_int(2), Value::test_int(4)],
+                        ),
+                    ])
+                    .expect("should not fail")
+                    .into_value(Span::test_data()),
+                ),
+            },
+        ]
     }
 
     fn run(
@@ -60,7 +84,7 @@ fn command(
     df: NuDataFrame,
 ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
     let rows: Option<usize> = call.opt(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
-    let rows = rows.unwrap_or(DEFAULT_ROWS);
+    let rows = rows.unwrap_or(1);
 
     let res = df.as_ref().head(Some(rows));
     Ok(PipelineData::Value(

crates/nu-command/src/dataframe/eager/mod.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 mod append;
+mod columns;
 mod describe;
 mod drop;
 mod drop_duplicates;
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ mod with_column;
 use nu_protocol::engine::StateWorkingSet;
 
 pub use append::AppendDF;
+pub use columns::ColumnsDF;
 pub use describe::DescribeDF;
 pub use drop::DropDF;
 pub use drop_duplicates::DropDuplicates;
@@ -63,6 +65,7 @@ pub fn add_eager_decls(working_set: &mut StateWorkingSet) {
     // Dataframe commands
     bind_command!(
         AppendDF,
+        ColumnsDF,
         DataTypes,
         DescribeDF,
         DropDF,

crates/nu-command/src/dataframe/eager/open.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,17 @@
-use super::super::values::NuDataFrame;
+use super::super::values::{NuDataFrame, NuLazyFrame};
 use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::{
     ast::Call,
     engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
-    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Spanned, SyntaxShape, Type,
+    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Spanned, SyntaxShape, Type, Value,
 };
 
 use std::{fs::File, io::BufReader, path::PathBuf};
 
-use polars::prelude::{CsvEncoding, CsvReader, JsonReader, ParquetReader, SerReader};
+use polars::prelude::{
+    CsvEncoding, CsvReader, JsonReader, LazyCsvReader, LazyFrame, ParallelStrategy, ParquetReader,
+    ScanArgsParquet, SerReader,
+};
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct OpenDataFrame;
@@ -29,6 +32,7 @@ impl Command for OpenDataFrame {
                 SyntaxShape::Filepath,
                 "file path to load values from",
             )
+            .switch("lazy", "creates a lazy dataframe", Some('l'))
             .named(
                 "delimiter",
                 SyntaxShape::String,
@@ -87,7 +91,6 @@ fn command(
     stack: &mut Stack,
     call: &Call,
 ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
-    let span = call.head;
     let file: Spanned<PathBuf> = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
 
     match file.item.extension() {
@@ -105,49 +108,80 @@ fn command(
             file.span,
         )),
     }
-    .map(|df| PipelineData::Value(NuDataFrame::dataframe_into_value(df, span), None))
+    .map(|value| PipelineData::Value(value, None))
 }
 
 fn from_parquet(
     engine_state: &EngineState,
     stack: &mut Stack,
     call: &Call,
-) -> Result<polars::prelude::DataFrame, ShellError> {
-    let file: Spanned<PathBuf> = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
-    let columns: Option<Vec<String>> = call.get_flag(engine_state, stack, "columns")?;
+) -> Result<Value, ShellError> {
+    if call.has_flag("lazy") {
+        let file: String = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        let args = ScanArgsParquet {
+            n_rows: None,
+            cache: true,
+            parallel: ParallelStrategy::Auto,
+            rechunk: false,
+            row_count: None,
+            low_memory: false,
+        };
 
-    let r = File::open(&file.item).map_err(|e| {
-        ShellError::GenericError(
-            "Error opening file".into(),
-            e.to_string(),
-            Some(file.span),
-            None,
-            Vec::new(),
-        )
-    })?;
-    let reader = ParquetReader::new(r);
+        let df: NuLazyFrame = LazyFrame::scan_parquet(file, args)
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                ShellError::GenericError(
+                    "Parquet reader error".into(),
+                    format!("{:?}", e),
+                    Some(call.head),
+                    None,
+                    Vec::new(),
+                )
+            })?
+            .into();
 
-    let reader = match columns {
-        None => reader,
-        Some(columns) => reader.with_columns(Some(columns)),
-    };
+        df.into_value(call.head)
+    } else {
+        let file: Spanned<PathBuf> = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        let columns: Option<Vec<String>> = call.get_flag(engine_state, stack, "columns")?;
 
-    reader.finish().map_err(|e| {
-        ShellError::GenericError(
-            "Parquet reader error".into(),
-            format!("{:?}", e),
-            Some(call.head),
-            None,
-            Vec::new(),
-        )
-    })
+        let r = File::open(&file.item).map_err(|e| {
+            ShellError::GenericError(
+                "Error opening file".into(),
+                e.to_string(),
+                Some(file.span),
+                None,
+                Vec::new(),
+            )
+        })?;
+        let reader = ParquetReader::new(r);
+
+        let reader = match columns {
+            None => reader,
+            Some(columns) => reader.with_columns(Some(columns)),
+        };
+
+        let df: NuDataFrame = reader
+            .finish()
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                ShellError::GenericError(
+                    "Parquet reader error".into(),
+                    format!("{:?}", e),
+                    Some(call.head),
+                    None,
+                    Vec::new(),
+                )
+            })?
+            .into();
+
+        Ok(df.into_value(call.head))
+    }
 }
 
 fn from_json(
     engine_state: &EngineState,
     stack: &mut Stack,
     call: &Call,
-) -> Result<polars::prelude::DataFrame, ShellError> {
+) -> Result<Value, ShellError> {
     let file: Spanned<PathBuf> = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
     let file = File::open(&file.item).map_err(|e| {
         ShellError::GenericError(
@@ -162,86 +196,149 @@ fn from_json(
     let buf_reader = BufReader::new(file);
     let reader = JsonReader::new(buf_reader);
 
-    reader.finish().map_err(|e| {
-        ShellError::GenericError(
-            "Json reader error".into(),
-            format!("{:?}", e),
-            Some(call.head),
-            None,
-            Vec::new(),
-        )
-    })
+    let df: NuDataFrame = reader
+        .finish()
+        .map_err(|e| {
+            ShellError::GenericError(
+                "Json reader error".into(),
+                format!("{:?}", e),
+                Some(call.head),
+                None,
+                Vec::new(),
+            )
+        })?
+        .into();
+
+    Ok(df.into_value(call.head))
 }
 
 fn from_csv(
     engine_state: &EngineState,
     stack: &mut Stack,
     call: &Call,
-) -> Result<polars::prelude::DataFrame, ShellError> {
-    let file: Spanned<PathBuf> = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+) -> Result<Value, ShellError> {
     let delimiter: Option<Spanned<String>> = call.get_flag(engine_state, stack, "delimiter")?;
     let no_header: bool = call.has_flag("no-header");
     let infer_schema: Option<usize> = call.get_flag(engine_state, stack, "infer-schema")?;
     let skip_rows: Option<usize> = call.get_flag(engine_state, stack, "skip-rows")?;
     let columns: Option<Vec<String>> = call.get_flag(engine_state, stack, "columns")?;
 
-    let csv_reader = CsvReader::from_path(&file.item)
-        .map_err(|e| {
-            ShellError::GenericError(
-                "Error creating CSV reader".into(),
-                e.to_string(),
-                Some(file.span),
-                None,
-                Vec::new(),
-            )
-        })?
-        .with_encoding(CsvEncoding::LossyUtf8);
+    if call.has_flag("lazy") {
+        let file: String = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        let csv_reader = LazyCsvReader::new(file);
 
-    let csv_reader = match delimiter {
-        None => csv_reader,
-        Some(d) => {
-            if d.item.len() != 1 {
-                return Err(ShellError::GenericError(
-                    "Incorrect delimiter".into(),
-                    "Delimiter has to be one character".into(),
-                    Some(d.span),
+        let csv_reader = match delimiter {
+            None => csv_reader,
+            Some(d) => {
+                if d.item.len() != 1 {
+                    return Err(ShellError::GenericError(
+                        "Incorrect delimiter".into(),
+                        "Delimiter has to be one character".into(),
+                        Some(d.span),
+                        None,
+                        Vec::new(),
+                    ));
+                } else {
+                    let delimiter = match d.item.chars().next() {
+                        Some(d) => d as u8,
+                        None => unreachable!(),
+                    };
+                    csv_reader.with_delimiter(delimiter)
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        let csv_reader = csv_reader.has_header(!no_header);
+
+        let csv_reader = match infer_schema {
+            None => csv_reader,
+            Some(r) => csv_reader.with_infer_schema_length(Some(r)),
+        };
+
+        let csv_reader = match skip_rows {
+            None => csv_reader,
+            Some(r) => csv_reader.with_skip_rows(r),
+        };
+
+        let df: NuLazyFrame = csv_reader
+            .finish()
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                ShellError::GenericError(
+                    "Parquet reader error".into(),
+                    format!("{:?}", e),
+                    Some(call.head),
                     None,
                     Vec::new(),
-                ));
-            } else {
-                let delimiter = match d.item.chars().next() {
-                    Some(d) => d as u8,
-                    None => unreachable!(),
-                };
-                csv_reader.with_delimiter(delimiter)
+                )
+            })?
+            .into();
+
+        df.into_value(call.head)
+    } else {
+        let file: Spanned<PathBuf> = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        let csv_reader = CsvReader::from_path(&file.item)
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                ShellError::GenericError(
+                    "Error creating CSV reader".into(),
+                    e.to_string(),
+                    Some(file.span),
+                    None,
+                    Vec::new(),
+                )
+            })?
+            .with_encoding(CsvEncoding::LossyUtf8);
+
+        let csv_reader = match delimiter {
+            None => csv_reader,
+            Some(d) => {
+                if d.item.len() != 1 {
+                    return Err(ShellError::GenericError(
+                        "Incorrect delimiter".into(),
+                        "Delimiter has to be one character".into(),
+                        Some(d.span),
+                        None,
+                        Vec::new(),
+                    ));
+                } else {
+                    let delimiter = match d.item.chars().next() {
+                        Some(d) => d as u8,
+                        None => unreachable!(),
+                    };
+                    csv_reader.with_delimiter(delimiter)
+                }
             }
-        }
-    };
+        };
 
-    let csv_reader = csv_reader.has_header(!no_header);
+        let csv_reader = csv_reader.has_header(!no_header);
 
-    let csv_reader = match infer_schema {
-        None => csv_reader,
-        Some(r) => csv_reader.infer_schema(Some(r)),
-    };
+        let csv_reader = match infer_schema {
+            None => csv_reader,
+            Some(r) => csv_reader.infer_schema(Some(r)),
+        };
 
-    let csv_reader = match skip_rows {
-        None => csv_reader,
-        Some(r) => csv_reader.with_skip_rows(r),
-    };
+        let csv_reader = match skip_rows {
+            None => csv_reader,
+            Some(r) => csv_reader.with_skip_rows(r),
+        };
 
-    let csv_reader = match columns {
-        None => csv_reader,
-        Some(columns) => csv_reader.with_columns(Some(columns)),
-    };
+        let csv_reader = match columns {
+            None => csv_reader,
+            Some(columns) => csv_reader.with_columns(Some(columns)),
+        };
 
-    csv_reader.finish().map_err(|e| {
-        ShellError::GenericError(
-            "Parquet reader error".into(),
-            format!("{:?}", e),
-            Some(call.head),
-            None,
-            Vec::new(),
-        )
-    })
+        let df: NuDataFrame = csv_reader
+            .finish()
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                ShellError::GenericError(
+                    "Parquet reader error".into(),
+                    format!("{:?}", e),
+                    Some(call.head),
+                    None,
+                    Vec::new(),
+                )
+            })?
+            .into();
+
+        Ok(df.into_value(call.head))
+    }
 }