# Description
Attempt to guess the content type of a file when opening with --raw and
set it in the pipeline metadata.
<img width="644" alt="Screenshot 2024-08-02 at 11 30 10"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/071f0967-c4dd-405a-b8c8-f7aa073efa98">
# User-Facing Changes
- Content of files can be directly piped into commands like `http post`
with the content type set appropriately when using `--raw`.
# Description
When using a format string, `into datetime` would disallow an `int` even
when it logically made sense. This was mainly a problem when attempting
to convert a Unix epoch to Nushell `datetime`. Unix epochs are often
stored or returned as `int` in external data sources.
```nu
1722821463 | into datetime -f '%s'
Error: nu:🐚:only_supports_this_input_type
× Input type not supported.
╭─[entry #3:1:1]
1 │ 1722821463 | into datetime -f '%s'
· ─────┬──── ──────┬──────
· │ ╰── only string input data is supported
· ╰── input type: int
╰────
```
While the solution was simply to `| to text` the `int`, this PR handles
the use-case automatically.
Essentially a ~5 line change that just moves the current parsing to a
closure that is called for both Strings and Ints-converted-to-Strings.
# User-Facing Changes
After the change:
```nu
[
1722821463
"1722821463"
0
] | each { into datetime -f '%s' }
╭───┬──────────────╮
│ 0 │ 10 hours ago │
│ 1 │ 10 hours ago │
│ 2 │ 54 years ago │
╰───┴──────────────╯
```
# Tests + Formatting
Test case added.
- 🟢 `toolkit fmt`
- 🟢 `toolkit clippy`
- 🟢 `toolkit test`
- 🟢 `toolkit test stdlib`
# After Submitting
# Description
Part 4 of replacing std::path types with nu_path types added in
https://github.com/nushell/nushell/pull/13115. This PR migrates various
tests throughout the code base.
# Description
Since we make the promise that record keys/columns are exclusice we
don't have to go through all columns after we have found the first one.
Should permit some short-circuiting if the column is found early.
# User-Facing Changes
(-)
# Tests + Formatting
(-)
# Description
Updates `default` command description to be more clear and adds an
example for a missing values in a list-of-records.
# User-Facing Changes
Help/doc only
# Tests + Formatting
- 🟢 `toolkit fmt`
- 🟢 `toolkit clippy`
- 🟢 `toolkit test`
- 🟢 `toolkit test stdlib`
# After Submitting
- Update `nothing` doc in Book to reference `default` per
https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io/issues/1073 - This was a
bit of a rabbit trail on the path to that update. ;-)
---------
Co-authored-by: Stefan Holderbach <sholderbach@users.noreply.github.com>
# Description
With this PR, we should be able to close
https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io/issues/1225
Help/doc/examples updated for:
* `cd` to show multi-dot traversal
* `cd` to show implicit `cd` with bare directory path
* Fixed/clarified another example that mentioned `$OLDPATH` while I was
in there
* `mv` and `cp` examples for multi-dot traversal
* Updated `cp` examples to use more consistent (and clear) filenames
# User-Facing Changes
Help/doc only
# Tests + Formatting
- 🟢 `toolkit fmt`
- 🟢 `toolkit clippy`
- 🟢 `toolkit test`
- 🟢 `toolkit test stdlib`
# After Submitting
N/A
# Description
Clarified `random chars` help/doc:
* Default string length in absence of a `--length` arg is 25
* Characters are *"uniformly distributed over ASCII letters and numbers:
a-z, A-Z and 0-9"* (copied from the [`rand` crate
doc](https://docs.rs/rand/latest/rand/distributions/struct.Alphanumeric.html).
# User-Facing Changes
Help/Doc only
Lints from stable or nightly toolchain that may have questionable added
value.
- **Contentious lint to contract into single `if let`**
- **Potential false positive around `AsRef`/`Deref` fun**
# Description
Part 3 of replacing `std::path` types with `nu_path` types added in
#13115. This PR targets the paths listed in `$nu`. That is, the home,
config, data, and cache directories.
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# Description
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Add `--upgrade, -u` switch for `mv` command, corresponding to `cp`.
Closes#13458.
# User-Facing Changes
<!-- List of all changes that impact the user experience here. This
helps us keep track of breaking changes. -->
```plain
❯ help mv | find update
╭──────────┬───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ 0 │ -u, --update - move and overwite only when the SOURCE file is newer than the destination file or when the destination file is missing │
╰──────────┴───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
```
# Tests + Formatting
<!--
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Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
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- [x] `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting
(`cargo fmt --all` applies these changes)
- [x] `cargo clippy --workspace -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used`
to check that you're using the standard code style
- [x] `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass (on Windows
make sure to [enable developer
mode](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/get-started/developer-mode-features-and-debugging))
- [x] `cargo run -- -c "use toolkit.nu; toolkit test stdlib"` to run the
tests for the standard library
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P.S.
The standard test kit (`nu-test-support`) doesn't provide utility to
create file with modification timestamp, and I didn't find any test for
this in `cp` command. I had tested on my local machine but I'm not sure
how to integrate it into ci. If unit testing is required, I may need
your guidance.
# After Submitting
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- [x] Command docs are auto generated.
# Description
Before this change, `"hash sha256 123 ok" | split words` would return
`[hash sha ok]` - which is surprising to say the least.
Now it will return `[hash sha256 123 ok]`.
Refs:
https://discord.com/channels/601130461678272522/615253963645911060/1268151658572025856
# User-Facing Changes
`split words` will no longer remove digits.
# Tests + Formatting
Added a test for this specific case.
# After Submitting
# Description
Minor nitpicks, but the `random int` help and examples were a bit
ambiguous in several aspects. Updated to clarify that:
* An unconstrained `random int` returns a non-negative integer. That is,
the smallest potential value is 0. Technically integers include negative
numbers as well, and `random int` will never return one unless you pass
it a range with a negative lower-bound.
* To that end, changed the final example to demonstrate a negative
lower-bound.
* The range is inclusive. While most people would probably assume this,
the changes make this explicit in the examples and argument description.
# User-Facing Changes
Help only
# Tests + Formatting
- 🟢 `toolkit fmt`
- 🟢 `toolkit clippy`
- 🟢 `toolkit test`
- 🟢 `toolkit test stdlib
# After Submitting
N/A
- **Doccomment style fixes**
- **Forgotten stuff in `nu-pretty-hex`**
- **Don't `for` around an `Option`**
- and more
I think the suggestions here are a net positive, some of the suggestions
moved into #13498 feel somewhat arbitrary, I also raised
https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/issues/13188 as the nightly
`byte_char_slices` would require either a global allow or otherwise a
ton of granular allows or possibly confusing bytestring literals.
# Description
Fixes: #13260
When user run a command like this:
```nushell
$env.FOO = " New";
$env.BAZ = " New Err";
do -i {nu -n -c 'nu --testbin echo_env FOO; nu --testbin echo_env_stderr BAZ'} | save -a -r save_test_22/log.txt
```
`save` command sinks the output of previous commands' stderr output. I
think it should be `stderr`.
# User-Facing Changes
```nushell
$env.FOO = " New";
$env.BAZ = " New Err";
do -i {nu -n -c 'nu --testbin echo_env FOO; nu --testbin echo_env_stderr BAZ'} | save -a -r save_test_22/log.txt
```
The command will output ` New Err` to stderr.
# Tests + Formatting
Added 2 cases.
- **Suggested default impl for the new `*Stack`s**
- **Change a hashmap to make clippy happy**
- **Clone from fix**
- **Fix conditional unused in test**
- then **Bump rust toolchain**
# Description
This makes assignment operations and `const` behave the same way `let`
and `mut` do, absorbing the rest of the pipeline.
Changes the lexer to be able to recognize assignment operators as a
separate token, and then makes the lite parser continue to push spans
into the same command regardless of any redirections or pipes if an
assignment operator is encountered. Because the pipeline is no longer
split up by the lite parser at this point, it's trivial to just parse
the right hand side as if it were a subexpression not contained within
parentheses.
# User-Facing Changes
Big breaking change. These are all now possible:
```nushell
const path = 'a' | path join 'b'
mut x = 2
$x = random int
$x = [1 2 3] | math sum
$env.FOO = random chars
```
In the past, these would have led to (an attempt at) bare word string
parsing. So while `$env.FOO = bar` would have previously set the
environment variable `FOO` to the string `"bar"`, it now tries to run
the command named `bar`, hence the major breaking change.
However, this is desirable because it is very consistent - if you see
the `=`, you can just assume it absorbs everything else to the right of
it.
# Tests + Formatting
Added tests for the new behaviour. Adjusted some existing tests that
depended on the right hand side of assignments being parsed as
barewords.
# After Submitting
- [ ] release notes (breaking change!)
# Description
Just a quick PR to demonstrate one way to make commands const.
related to https://github.com/nushell/nushell/issues/13482
# User-Facing Changes
<!-- List of all changes that impact the user experience here. This
helps us keep track of breaking changes. -->
# Tests + Formatting
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# After Submitting
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# Description
The current version of `stor` forces stripping ansi code coloring from
all the strings.
In this PR, I propose to keep strings unchanged.
The logic behind the proposed changes was best described in the
[discord](https://discord.com/channels/601130461678272522/601130461678272524/1266387441074442272):
<img width="773" alt="image"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/063cdebd-684f-46f1-aca1-faeb4827723d">
with proposed changes we can store colored output:
```
stor reset; stor create --table-name test --columns {a: str};
ls | table | {a: $in} | stor insert --table-name test | null;
stor open | query db 'select a from test' | get a.0
```
<img width="704" alt="image"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/8f062808-18fc-498b-a77e-a118f6b9953a">
# User-Facing Changes
If one was using `stor` together with ansi colored input, and then was
querying `stor` with search operations, they might break. But I don't
think that it is a big problem, as one will just need to use `ansi
reset` before storing data.
# Tests + Formatting
Tests are okay.
Thanks to @fdncred for spending time to help me write these changes 🙏
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resolve#13459
# Description
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Make `reduce` supply the accumulator value to closure as pipeline input.
# User-Facing Changes
<!-- List of all changes that impact the user experience here. This
helps us keep track of breaking changes. -->
Mostly described in #13459
- Should not be a breaking change.
- Allows cleaner patterns like `... | reduce {|it| merge $it}`
# Tests + Formatting
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`cargo test --package nu-cli --test main -- commands::reduce` and
`toolkit test stdlib` report no issues
# Description
Setting metadata on a byte stream converts it to a list stream. This PR
makes it so that `metadata set` does not alter its input besides the
metadata.
```nushell
open --raw test.json
| metadata set --content-type application/json
| http post https://httpbin.org/post
```
# Description
Adds a `--quiet` flag to the `watch` command, silencing the message
usually shown when invoking `watch`.
Resolves#13411
As implemented, `--quiet` is orthogonal to `--verbose`. I'm open to
improving the flag's name, behaviour and/or documentation to make it
more user-friendly, as I realise this may be surprising as-is.
```
> watch path {|a b c| echo $a $b $c}
Now watching files at "/home/user/path". Press ctrl+c to abort.
───┬───────────────────────
0 │ Remove
1 │ /home/user/path
2 │
───┴───────────────────────
^C
> watch --quiet path {|a b c| echo $a $b $c}
───┬───────────────────────
0 │ Remove
1 │ /home/user/path
2 │
───┴───────────────────────
^C
```
# User-Facing Changes
Adds `--quiet`/`-q` flag to `watch`, which removes the initial status
message.
This tiny PR improves the documentation of the `reduce` command by
explicitly stating the direction of reduction, i.e. from left to right,
and adds an example for demonstration.
---------
Co-authored-by: Ben Yang <ben@ya.ng>
# Description
Close: #12083Close: #12084
# User-Facing Changes
It's a breaking change because we have switched the position of
`<initial>` and `<closure>`, after the change, initial value will be
optional. So it's possible to do something like this:
```nushell
> let f = {|fib = [0, 1]| {out: $fib.0, next: [$fib.1, ($fib.0 + $fib.1)]} }
> generate $f | first 5
╭───┬───╮
│ 0 │ 0 │
│ 1 │ 1 │
│ 2 │ 1 │
│ 3 │ 2 │
│ 4 │ 3 │
╰───┴───╯
```
It will also raise error if user don't give initial value, and the
closure don't have default parameter.
```nushell
❯ let f = {|fib| {out: $fib.0, next: [$fib.1, ($fib.0 + $fib.1)]} }
❯ generate $f
Error: × The initial value is missing
╭─[entry #5:1:1]
1 │ generate $f
· ────┬───
· ╰── Missing intial value
╰────
help: Provide <initial> value in generate, or assigning default value to closure parameter
```
# Tests + Formatting
Added some test cases.
---------
Co-authored-by: Stefan Holderbach <sholderbach@users.noreply.github.com>
# Description
Following from #13377, this PR refactors the related `window` command.
In the case where `window` should behave exactly like `chunks`, it now
reuses the same code that `chunks` does. Otherwise, the other cases have
been rewritten and have resulted in a performance increase:
| window size | stride | old time (ms) | new time (ms) |
| -----------:| ------:| -------------:| -------------:|
| 20 | 1 | 757 | 722 |
| 2 | 1 | 364 | 333 |
| 1 | 1 | 343 | 293 |
| 20 | 20 | 90 | 63 |
| 2 | 2 | 215 | 175 |
| 20 | 30 | 74 | 60 |
| 2 | 4 | 141 | 110 |
# User-Facing Changes
`window` will now error if the window size or stride is 0, which is
technically a breaking change.
# Description
This grew quite a bit beyond its original scope, but I've tried to make
`$in` a bit more consistent and easier to work with.
Instead of the parser generating calls to `collect` and creating
closures, this adds `Expr::Collect` which just evaluates in the same
scope and doesn't require any closure.
When `$in` is detected in an expression, it is replaced with a new
variable (also called `$in`) and wrapped in `Expr::Collect`. During
eval, this expression is evaluated directly, with the input and with
that new variable set to the collected value.
Other than being faster and less prone to gotchas, it also makes it
possible to typecheck the output of an expression containing `$in`,
which is nice. This is a breaking change though, because of the lack of
the closure and because now typechecking will actually happen. Also, I
haven't attempted to typecheck the input yet.
The IR generated now just looks like this:
```gas
collect %in
clone %tmp, %in
store-variable $in, %tmp
# %out <- ...expression... <- %in
drop-variable $in
```
(where `$in` is the local variable created for this collection, and not
`IN_VARIABLE_ID`)
which is a lot better than having to create a closure and call `collect
--keep-env`, dealing with all of the capture gathering and allocation
that entails. Ideally we can also detect whether that input is actually
needed, so maybe we don't have to clone, but I haven't tried to do that
yet. Theoretically now that the variable is a unique one every time, it
should be possible to give it a type - I just don't know how to
determine that yet.
On top of that, I've also reworked how `$in` works in pipeline-initial
position. Previously, it was a little bit inconsistent. For example,
this worked:
```nushell
> 3 | do { let x = $in; let y = $in; print $x $y }
3
3
```
However, this causes a runtime variable not found error on the second
`$in`:
```nushell
> def foo [] { let x = $in; let y = $in; print $x $y }; 3 | foo
Error: nu:🐚:variable_not_found
× Variable not found
╭─[entry #115:1:35]
1 │ def foo [] { let x = $in; let y = $in; print $x $y }; 3 | foo
· ─┬─
· ╰── variable not found
╰────
```
I've fixed this by making the first element `$in` detection *always*
happen at the block level, so if you use `$in` in pipeline-initial
position anywhere in a block, it will collect with an implicit
subexpression around the whole thing, and you can then use that `$in`
more than once. In doing this I also rewrote `parse_pipeline()` and
hopefully it's a bit more straightforward and possibly more efficient
too now.
Finally, I've tried to make `let` and `mut` a lot more straightforward
with how they handle the rest of the pipeline, and using a redirection
with `let`/`mut` now does what you'd expect if you assume that they
consume the whole pipeline - the redirection is just processed as
normal. These both work now:
```nushell
let x = ^foo err> err.txt
let y = ^foo out+err>| str length
```
It was previously possible to accomplish this with a subexpression, but
it just seemed like a weird gotcha that you couldn't do it. Intuitively,
`let` and `mut` just seem to take the whole line.
- closes#13137
# User-Facing Changes
- `$in` will behave more consistently with blocks and closures, since
the entire block is now just wrapped to handle it if it appears in the
first pipeline element
- `$in` no longer creates a closure, so what can be done within an
expression containing `$in` is less restrictive
- `$in` containing expressions are now type checked, rather than just
resulting in `any`. However, `$in` itself is still `any`, so this isn't
quite perfect yet
- Redirections are now allowed in `let` and `mut` and behave pretty much
how you'd expect
# Tests + Formatting
Added tests to cover the new behaviour.
# After Submitting
- [ ] release notes (definitely breaking change)
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# Description
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Replaces the `dirs_next` family of crates with `dirs`. `dirs_next` was
born when the `dirs` crates were abandoned three years ago, but they're
being maintained again and most projects depend on `dirs` nowadays.
`dirs_next` has been abandoned since.
This came up while working on
https://github.com/nushell/nushell/pull/13382.
# User-Facing Changes
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helps us keep track of breaking changes. -->
None.
# Tests + Formatting
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Tests and formatter have been run.
# After Submitting
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# Description
Before this change `default` would dive into lists and replace `null`
elements with the default value.
Therefore there was no easy way to process `null|list<null|string>`
input and receive `list<null|string>`
(IOW to apply the default on the top level only).
However it's trivially easy to apply default values to list elements
with the `each` command:
```nushell
[null, "a", null] | each { default "b" }
```
So there's no need to have this behavior in `default` command.
# User-Facing Changes
* `default` no longer dives into lists to replace `null` elements with
the default value.
# Tests + Formatting
Added a couple of tests for the new (and old) behavior.
# After Submitting
* Update docs.
# Description
The name of the `group` command is a little unclear/ambiguous.
Everything I look at it, I think of `group-by`. I think `chunks` more
clearly conveys what the `group` command does. Namely, it divides the
input list into chunks of a certain size. For example,
[`slice::chunks`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/primitive.slice.html#method.chunks)
has the same name. So, this PR adds a new `chunks` command to replace
the now deprecated `group` command.
The `chunks` command is a refactored version of `group`. As such, there
is a small performance improvement:
```nushell
# $data is a very large list
> bench { $data | chunks 2 } --rounds 30 | get mean
474ms 921µs 190ns
# deprecation warning was disabled here for fairness
> bench { $data | group 2 } --rounds 30 | get mean
592ms 702µs 440ns
> bench { $data | chunks 200 } --rounds 30 | get mean
374ms 188µs 318ns
> bench { $data | group 200 } --rounds 30 | get mean
481ms 264µs 869ns
> bench { $data | chunks 1 } --rounds 30 | get mean
642ms 574µs 42ns
> bench { $data | group 1 } --rounds 30 | get mean
981ms 602µs 513ns
```
# User-Facing Changes
- `group` command has been deprecated in favor of new `chunks` command.
- `chunks` errors when given a chunk size of `0` whereas `group` returns
chunks with one element.
# Tests + Formatting
Added tests for `chunks`, since `group` did not have any tests.
# After Submitting
Update book if necessary.
# Description
Add `README.md` files to each crate in our workspace (-plugins) and also
include it in the `lib.rs` documentation for <docs.rs> (if there is no
existing `lib.rs` crate documentation)
In all new README I added the defensive comment that the crates are not
considered stable for public consumption. If necessary we can adjust
this if we deem a crate useful for plugin authors.
# Description
Fixes#13359
In an attempt to generate names for flat columns resulting from a nested
accesses #3016 generated new column names on nested selection, out of
convenience, that composed the cell path as a string (including `.`) and
then simply replaced all `.` with `_`. As we permit `.` in column names
as long as you quote this surprisingly alters `select`ed columns.
# User-Facing Changes
New columns generated by selection with nested cell paths will for now
be named with a string containing the keys separated by `.` instead of
`_`. We may want to reconsider the semantics for nested access.
# Tests + Formatting
- Alter test to breaking change on nested `select`
# Description
Touch was added to the shell command context twice, once with the other
filesystem commands and once with the format commands. I removed that
second occurrence of touch, because I'm assuming it was only added there
because "Touch" starts with "To."
# User-Facing Changes
<!-- List of all changes that impact the user experience here. This
helps us keep track of breaking changes. -->
None
# Description
This adds tracing for each individual instruction to the `Debugger`
trait. Register contents can be inspected both when entering and leaving
an instruction, and if an instruction produced an error, a reference to
the error is also available. It's not the full `EvalContext` but it's
most of the important parts for getting an idea of what's going on.
Added support for all of this to the `Profiler` / `debug profile` as
well, and the output is quite incredible - super verbose, but you can
see every instruction that's executed and also what the result was if
it's an instruction that has a clearly defined output (many do).
# User-Facing Changes
- Added `--instructions` to `debug profile`, which adds the `pc` and
`instruction` columns to the output.
- `--expr` only works in AST mode, and `--instructions` only works in IR
mode. In the wrong mode, the output for those columns is just blank.
# Tests + Formatting
All passing.
# After Submitting
- [ ] release notes
# Description
This PR just tweaks the `parse` command's usage and examples to make it
clearer what's going on "under the hood".
# User-Facing Changes
<!-- List of all changes that impact the user experience here. This
helps us keep track of breaking changes. -->
# Tests + Formatting
<!--
Don't forget to add tests that cover your changes.
Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
- `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting (`cargo
fmt --all` applies these changes)
- `cargo clippy --workspace -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used` to
check that you're using the standard code style
- `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass (on Windows make
sure to [enable developer
mode](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/get-started/developer-mode-features-and-debugging))
- `cargo run -- -c "use toolkit.nu; toolkit test stdlib"` to run the
tests for the standard library
> **Note**
> from `nushell` you can also use the `toolkit` as follows
> ```bash
> use toolkit.nu # or use an `env_change` hook to activate it
automatically
> toolkit check pr
> ```
-->
# After Submitting
<!-- If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.
-->
# Description
Just a quick one, but `List(Any)` has to come before `Table`, because
`List(Any)` is a valid match for `Table`, so it will choose `Table`
output even if the input was actually `List(Any)`. I ended up removing
`Table` because it's just not needed at all anyway.
Though, I'm not really totally sure this is correct - I think the parser
should probably actually just have some idea of what the more specific
type is, and choose the most specific type match, rather than just doing
it in order. I guess this will result in the output just always being
`List(Any)` for now. Still better than a bad typecheck error
# User-Facing Changes
Fixes the following contrived example:
```nushell
def foo []: nothing -> list<int> {
seq 1 10 | # list<int>
each { |n| $n * 20 } | # this causes the type to become list<any>
take until { |x| $x < 10 } } # table is first, so now this is type table
# ...but table is not compatible with list<int>
}
```
# After Submitting
- [ ] make typechecker type choice more robust
- [ ] release notes
Somehow this logic was missed on my end. ( I mean I was not even
thinking about it in original patch 😄 )
Please recheck
Added a regression test too.
close#13336
cc: @fdncred
# Description
Allows `Stack` to have a modified local `Config`, which is updated
immediately when `$env.config` is assigned to. This means that even
within a script, commands that come after `$env.config` changes will
always see those changes in `Stack::get_config()`.
Also fixed a lot of cases where `engine_state.get_config()` was used
even when `Stack` was available.
Closes#13324.
# User-Facing Changes
- Config changes apply immediately after the assignment is executed,
rather than whenever config is read by a command that needs it.
- Potentially slower performance when executing a lot of lines that
change `$env.config` one after another. Recommended to get `$env.config`
into a `mut` variable first and do modifications, then assign it back.
- Much faster performance when executing a script that made
modifications to `$env.config`, as the changes are only parsed once.
# Tests + Formatting
All passing.
# After Submitting
- [ ] release notes
# Description
Add a few more options to `view ir` for finding blocks, which I found
myself wanting while trying to trace through the generated code.
If we end up adding support for plugins to call commands that are in
scope by name, this will also make it possible for
`nu_plugin_explore_ir` to just step through IR automatically (by passing
the block/decl ids) without exposing too many internals. With that I
could potentially add keys that allow you to step in to closures or
decls with the press of a button, just by calling `view ir --json`
appropriately.
# User-Facing Changes
- `view ir` can now take names of custom commands that are in scope.
- integer arguments are treated as block IDs, which sometimes show up in
IR (closure, block, row condition literals).
- `--decl-id` provided to treat the argument as a decl ID instead, which
is also sometimes necessary to access something that isn't in scope.
# Description
Fix `view ir` to use `Signature::build()` rather than `new()`, which is
required for `--help` to work. Also add `Category::Debug`, as that's
most appropriate.
# Description
This PR adds an internal representation language to Nushell, offering an
alternative evaluator based on simple instructions, stream-containing
registers, and indexed control flow. The number of registers required is
determined statically at compile-time, and the fixed size required is
allocated upon entering the block.
Each instruction is associated with a span, which makes going backwards
from IR instructions to source code very easy.
Motivations for IR:
1. **Performance.** By simplifying the evaluation path and making it
more cache-friendly and branch predictor-friendly, code that does a lot
of computation in Nushell itself can be sped up a decent bit. Because
the IR is fairly easy to reason about, we can also implement
optimization passes in the future to eliminate and simplify code.
2. **Correctness.** The instructions mostly have very simple and
easily-specified behavior, so hopefully engine changes are a little bit
easier to reason about, and they can be specified in a more formal way
at some point. I have made an effort to document each of the
instructions in the docs for the enum itself in a reasonably specific
way. Some of the errors that would have happened during evaluation
before are now moved to the compilation step instead, because they don't
make sense to check during evaluation.
3. **As an intermediate target.** This is a good step for us to bring
the [`new-nu-parser`](https://github.com/nushell/new-nu-parser) in at
some point, as code generated from new AST can be directly compared to
code generated from old AST. If the IR code is functionally equivalent,
it will behave the exact same way.
4. **Debugging.** With a little bit more work, we can probably give
control over advancing the virtual machine that `IrBlock`s run on to
some sort of external driver, making things like breakpoints and single
stepping possible. Tools like `view ir` and [`explore
ir`](https://github.com/devyn/nu_plugin_explore_ir) make it easier than
before to see what exactly is going on with your Nushell code.
The goal is to eventually replace the AST evaluator entirely, once we're
sure it's working just as well. You can help dogfood this by running
Nushell with `$env.NU_USE_IR` set to some value. The environment
variable is checked when Nushell starts, so config runs with IR, or it
can also be set on a line at the REPL to change it dynamically. It is
also checked when running `do` in case within a script you want to just
run a specific piece of code with or without IR.
# Example
```nushell
view ir { |data|
mut sum = 0
for n in $data {
$sum += $n
}
$sum
}
```
```gas
# 3 registers, 19 instructions, 0 bytes of data
0: load-literal %0, int(0)
1: store-variable var 904, %0 # let
2: drain %0
3: drop %0
4: load-variable %1, var 903
5: iterate %0, %1, end 15 # for, label(1), from(14:)
6: store-variable var 905, %0
7: load-variable %0, var 904
8: load-variable %2, var 905
9: binary-op %0, Math(Plus), %2
10: span %0
11: store-variable var 904, %0
12: load-literal %0, nothing
13: drain %0
14: jump 5
15: drop %0 # label(0), from(5:)
16: drain %0
17: load-variable %0, var 904
18: return %0
```
# Benchmarks
All benchmarks run on a base model Mac Mini M1.
## Iterative Fibonacci sequence
This is about as best case as possible, making use of the much faster
control flow. Most code will not experience a speed improvement nearly
this large.
```nushell
def fib [n: int] {
mut a = 0
mut b = 1
for _ in 2..=$n {
let c = $a + $b
$a = $b
$b = $c
}
$b
}
use std bench
bench { 0..50 | each { |n| fib $n } }
```
IR disabled:
```
╭───────┬─────────────────╮
│ mean │ 1ms 924µs 665ns │
│ min │ 1ms 700µs 83ns │
│ max │ 3ms 450µs 125ns │
│ std │ 395µs 759ns │
│ times │ [list 50 items] │
╰───────┴─────────────────╯
```
IR enabled:
```
╭───────┬─────────────────╮
│ mean │ 452µs 820ns │
│ min │ 427µs 417ns │
│ max │ 540µs 167ns │
│ std │ 17µs 158ns │
│ times │ [list 50 items] │
╰───────┴─────────────────╯
```
##
[gradient_benchmark_no_check.nu](https://github.com/nushell/nu_scripts/blob/main/benchmarks/gradient_benchmark_no_check.nu)
IR disabled:
```
╭───┬──────────────────╮
│ 0 │ 27ms 929µs 958ns │
│ 1 │ 21ms 153µs 459ns │
│ 2 │ 18ms 639µs 666ns │
│ 3 │ 19ms 554µs 583ns │
│ 4 │ 13ms 383µs 375ns │
│ 5 │ 11ms 328µs 208ns │
│ 6 │ 5ms 659µs 542ns │
╰───┴──────────────────╯
```
IR enabled:
```
╭───┬──────────────────╮
│ 0 │ 22ms 662µs │
│ 1 │ 17ms 221µs 792ns │
│ 2 │ 14ms 786µs 708ns │
│ 3 │ 13ms 876µs 834ns │
│ 4 │ 13ms 52µs 875ns │
│ 5 │ 11ms 269µs 666ns │
│ 6 │ 6ms 942µs 500ns │
╰───┴──────────────────╯
```
##
[random-bytes.nu](https://github.com/nushell/nu_scripts/blob/main/benchmarks/random-bytes.nu)
I got pretty random results out of this benchmark so I decided not to
include it. Not clear why.
# User-Facing Changes
- IR compilation errors may appear even if the user isn't evaluating
with IR.
- IR evaluation can be enabled by setting the `NU_USE_IR` environment
variable to any value.
- New command `view ir` pretty-prints the IR for a block, and `view ir
--json` can be piped into an external tool like [`explore
ir`](https://github.com/devyn/nu_plugin_explore_ir).
# Tests + Formatting
All tests are passing with `NU_USE_IR=1`, and I've added some more eval
tests to compare the results for some very core operations. I will
probably want to add some more so we don't have to always check
`NU_USE_IR=1 toolkit test --workspace` on a regular basis.
# After Submitting
- [ ] release notes
- [ ] further documentation of instructions?
- [ ] post-release: publish `nu_plugin_explore_ir`
